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313:. The Celanese corporation went public, selling common and preferred shares, but the Dreyfus brothers retained control of the British parent and its American affiliate. As with other men who built industrial empires, Dreyfus was not particularly interested in building efficient administrative structures. At British Celanese and its subsidiary the Celanese Corporation of America the Dreyfus brothers minimized administrative and research spending in the 1920s, and lost market share to competitors in Germany and America that moved into products such as
295:
291:. There were delays when demand collapsed with the end of the war, but Amcelle began to produce cellulose acetate at the Cumberland facility in 1924. Camille Dreyfus was skilled in finance, sales, and management. He took charge of developing the American operation, focused on consumer products. He came up with the brand name "Celanese" for the fibers and fabrics, which earned a solid reputation for quality.
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operation and did not return until July 1919. With the end of World War I all the paint contracts were cancelled and the company had to struggle to survive. The two brothers moved into new cellulose-based products including varnishes, paints and an artificial silk yarn that they called celanese. The company changed its name to
258:, a large Georgian house. Many factors conspired to thwart Camille Dreyfus's plan to open the factory by August 1916, including labour issues, late delivery of equipment and shortage of supplies due to competing war-time priorities. In the meantime, cellulose acetate was delivered from the Basel factory under a 1915 contract.
273:
smeared them in the press, implying that they had no national loyalty and saying "International Israel is not always positively 'Pro-German' but it is for our purposes always negatively Pro-German. Camille
Dreyfus was not around to defend himself, since he left in February 1918 to set up the American
335:
When his brother Henri died in 1944, Camille
Dreyfus also became Managing Director of British Celanese. In 1946 he set up the Henry Dreyfus Foundation in memory of his brother, "to advance the science of chemistry, chemical engineering and related sciences as a means of improving human relations and
249:
acetate dope, used to make the wood-and-fabric airplanes of the day fire-resistant and waterproof. A company was established to operate the factory with 160,000 shares, of which the
Dreyfus brothers and Alexander Clavel received 79,998, the Prudential Trust of Canada 40,470, Vickers Ltd. 19,800 and
362:
to a person who has achieved a major advance in chemistry through exceptional and original research. His widow (who remarried in 1958 and became Jean
Dreyfus Boissevain) created the Camille Dreyfus Laboratory grant in his memory. This funded construction of a research laboratory at the non-profit
265:
and was operated by the
British Cellulose and Chemical Manufacturing company. A contract for forty tons of lacquer was signed in January 1917, and deliveries finally began in April 1917. By July 1917 there was a serious shortage of cellulose acetate, in part due to shortage of the raw materials.
328:(1939-1945) the company was devoted to make cellulose acetate and using it in films, lacquers and fibres. It was only in 1940 that the Celanese Corporation started research into oxidation of butane and propane to prepare the acetic acid used in cellulose acetate. By 1945 its plant in
286:
In 1917 the United States government asked the
Dreyfus brothers to set up a cellulose factory in America. Camille Dreyfus went to New York in 1918, where he founded the American Cellulose & Chemical Manufacturing Company (Amcelle). That year Amcelle started to build a factory in
367:(RTI) with equipment and $ 1.8 million for a ten-year basic research program into polymer physics and chemistry. The building opened in 1961 and was demolished in 2011. RTI renamed another room to the Camille Dreyfus Auditorium to continue his memory.
266:
However, the company expanded fast, and moved into other products needed by the aircraft industry. The
British Government patented Henri Dreyfus's process for producing acetic acid anhydride. By 1918, Henri Dreyfus was managing a workforce of 14,000.
188:, including scientific investigation of the properties of the compound and commercial exploitation. This would consume the rest of their lives. The initial goal was to create a safe and non-flammable alternative to
169:, Switzerland in 1878. His parents were Abraham and Henrietta (née Wahl) Dreyfus. His brother Henri Dreyfus was born four years later, in 1882. The brothers both went to school in Basel and then studied at the
203:, Cellonit Gesellschaft Dreyfus & Co., to produce fireproof celluloid from cellulose acetate. The Cellonit company, founded in 1913, was innovative in developing new film materials. The Paris-based
177:
with the highest honors. The brothers began experimenting in a small laboratory in a corner of the garden of their father's house in Basel. Their first achievement was to develop synthetic
33:
269:
The company's difficulties, including higher costs than expected, caught the public attention, and in August 1918 the
Dreyfus brothers began to be attacked by anti-semites.
351:(nee Jean Tennyson Solberg). They were married on September 18, 1931, at the home of the leading reform Rabbi Jonah B. Wise (founder of the United Jewish Appeal).
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On 12 December 1912 Henri and
Camille Dreyfus, funded by the entrepreneur Alexander Clavel-Respinger, set up a factory in
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in 1923. Henri
Dreyfus concentrated on technical development and running the British company for the rest of his life.
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was producing more than twenty petrochemical derivatives through vapor-phase oxidation of local liquefied gas.
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CAMILLE DREYFUS OF CELANESE DIES; Board Chairman Since 1945 Did the Basic Research for New Chemical Industry
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851:"Celanese: 'There can be life after Celanese...but we will look back at the plant with fond memories'"
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173:, Paris. Their father was involved with a chemical factory. In 1901 Dreyfus earned a PhD from the
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cinema equipment manufacturer became a customer, and the company's lacquers were used for German
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and airplanes. Demand for acetate lacquers grew steadily as the aircraft industry expanded.
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Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise
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145:(November 11, 1878 – September 27, 1956) was a Swiss chemist. He and his brother
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Camille Dreyfus died in 1956. On his death the Dreyfus foundation was renamed
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802:"Camille and Henry Dreyfus: Two Pioneers and the Foundation that Honors Them"
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245:(July 1914 - November 1918) to supervise construction of a factory to make
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by the French Government, and earned the Modern Pioneer Award from the
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circumstances around the world." Camille was made an Officer of the
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The History of Foreign Investment in the United States, 1914-1945
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War and Economic Development: Essays in Memory of David Joslin
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939:"RTI to Decommission 50-Year-Old Dreyfus Laboratory Building"
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the remainder to smaller investors. The plant was built at
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Camille and Henri Dreyfus moved to Britain in 1916 during
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Chandler, Alfred Dupont; Hikino, Takashi (30 June 2009).
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Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism
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Camille Dreyfus was married once, to the opera singer
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301:, formerly the Celanese Building, completed in 1973
165:Camille Dreyfus was born into a Jewish family from
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689:A History of the International Chemical Industry
305:In 1927 Amcelle bought the Celluloid Company of
872:The American Synthetic Rubber Research Program
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254:, Derbyshire, and the brothers were housed at
184:In 1908 the two brothers turned to developing
569:The birth of Celanese: Celanese Corporation
720:African Americans in Science: Institutions
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1024:. Harvard University Press. p. 746.
261:The Megaloughton Lane plant was built by
919:The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
895:The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
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978:"The birth of Celanese (1921 – 1950's)"
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360:Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences
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358:. The foundation awards the biennial
342:National Association of Manufacturers
1110:Swiss emigrants to the United States
869:Morris, Peter John Turnbull (1989).
800:Dinsmoor, Dorothy (21 August 2000).
460:The beginnings: Celanese Corporation
237:acetate factory, Spondon, Derbyshire
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14:
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1115:Burials at Salem Fields Cemetery
849:Johnson, R. (14 November 2012).
744:Chandler, Alfred Dupont (2003).
692:. Chemical Heritage Foundation.
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646:Our Mission: Dreyfus Foundation
311:Celanese Corporation of America
153:, an acetate yarn. He founded
959:"The beginnings (1912 – 1920)"
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778:. Harvard University Press.
309:and changed its name to the
226:factory, Spondon, Derbyshire
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1100:Scientists from Basel-Stadt
410:History: Dreyfus Foundation
365:Research Triangle Institute
299:1211 Avenue of the Americas
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1105:University of Basel alumni
714:Carey, Charles W. (2008).
622:Chandler & Hikino 2009
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157:in honour of his brother.
722:. ABC-CLIO. p. 330.
658:Prize: Dreyfus Foundation
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16:Swiss chemist (1878–1956)
997:"The Homestead, Spondon"
686:Aftalion, Fred (2001).
143:Camille Edouard Dreyfus
1046:Winter, J. M. (1975).
875:. Pennsylvania Press.
504:The Homestead, Spondon
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941:. RTI. Archived from
670:RTI to Decommission..
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263:Alfred David McAlpine
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93:Salem Fields Cemetery
982:Celanese Corporation
963:Celanese Corporation
945:on 27 September 2013
925:on 28 September 2013
289:Cumberland, Maryland
901:on 7 September 2013
324:Until the start of
175:University of Basel
530:, p. 213-214.
307:Newark, New Jersey
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65:September 27, 1956
1059:978-0-521-20535-1
1031:978-0-674-04518-7
812:on 7 October 2015
785:978-0-674-02938-5
757:978-1-58798-198-2
729:978-1-85109-998-6
699:978-0-941901-29-1
186:cellulose acetate
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516:Winter 1975
492:Winter 1975
429:Morris 1989
243:World War I
179:indigo dyes
161:Early years
107:Nationality
1079:Categories
634:Carey 2008
371:References
319:cellophane
115:Occupation
46:1878-11-11
826:"History"
376:Citations
247:cellulose
209:Zeppelins
190:celluloid
149:invented
73:Manhattan
171:Sorbonne
151:Celanese
126:Celanese
101:New York
77:New York
915:"Prize"
679:Sources
252:Spondon
215:Britain
118:Chemist
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205:Pathé
201:Basel
167:Basel
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1067:2013
1054:ISBN
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317:and
62:Died
40:Born
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