History of Cambodia

2488:

population of 7.8 million; 33.5% of Cambodian men died under the Khmer Rouge compared to 15.7% of Cambodian women. According to a 2001 academic source, the most widely accepted estimates of excess deaths under the Khmer Rouge range from 1.5 million to 2 million, although figures as low as 1 million and as high as 3 million have been cited; conventionally accepted estimates of deaths due to Khmer Rouge executions range from 500,000 to 1 million, "a third to one half of excess mortality during the period." However, a 2013 academic source (citing research from 2009) indicates that execution may have accounted for as much as 60% of the total, with 23,745 mass graves containing approximately 1.3 million suspected victims of execution. While considerably higher than earlier and more widely accepted estimates of Khmer Rouge executions, the Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam)'s Craig Etcheson defended such estimates of over one million executions as "plausible, given the nature of the mass grave and DC-Cam's methods, which are more likely to produce an under-count of bodies rather than an over-estimate." Demographer Patrick Heuveline estimated that between 1.17 million and 3.42 million Cambodians died unnatural deaths between 1970 and 1979, with between 150,000 and 300,000 of those deaths occurring during the civil war. Heuveline's central estimate is 2.52 million excess deaths, of which 1.4 million were the direct result of violence. Despite being based on a house-to-house survey of Cambodians, the estimate of 3.3 million deaths promulgated by the Khmer Rouge's successor regime, the

1012: 1699: 1899: 2450:, suffered specific and targeted and violent persecutions, to the point of some international sources referring to it as the "Cham genocide". Entire families and towns were targeted and attacked with the goal of significantly diminishing their numbers and eventually eliminated them. Life in 'Democratic Kampuchea' was strict and brutal. In many areas of the country people were rounded up and executed for speaking a foreign language, wearing glasses, scavenging for food, absent for government assigned work, and even crying for dead loved ones. Former businessmen and bureaucrats were hunted down and killed along with their entire families; the Khmer Rouge feared that they held beliefs that could lead them to oppose their regime. A few Khmer Rouge loyalists were even killed for failing to find enough 'counter-revolutionaries' to execute. 6992:

left in shambles, the relief officials said, citing the demolition of hospitals, schools, water supply facilities and sanitary systems ... Intellectuals were systematically purged ... Of more than 500 doctors known to have been practicing medicine in Cambodia before the defeat of the Lon Nol regime by the communist forces ... only 40 have been found ... Every home had been systematically ransacked ... All signs of modern civilization—typewriters, radios, television sets, phonographs, books—were destroyed ... A Roman Catholic cathedral in the center of Phnom Penh had been razed ... The former regime was scrupulously methodical in its destruction of hospitals ... Cambodia's fall harvest expected to yield almost nothing.

2424: 1949:

internal struggles of his own, due to the rise of the Khmer Rouge, did not want Cambodia to be involved in the conflict. Sihanouk wanted the United States and its allies (South Vietnam) to keep the war away from the Cambodian border. Sihanouk did not allow the United States to use Cambodian air space and airports for military purposes. This upset the United States greatly and contributed to their view of Prince Sihanouk as a North Vietnamese sympathiser and a thorn on the United States. However, declassified documents indicate that, as late as March 1970, the Nixon administration was hoping to garner "friendly relations" with Sihanouk.

2345: 1321: 2551:

rise to a guerrilla movement of three major resistance groups – the FUNCINPEC (Front Uni National pour un Cambodge Indépendant, Neutre, Pacifique, et Coopératif), the KPLNF (Khmer People's National Liberation Front) and the PDK (Party of Democratic Kampuchea, the Khmer Rouge under the nominal presidency of Khieu Samphan). "All held dissenting perceptions concerning the purposes and modalities of Cambodia's future". Civil war displaced 600,000 Cambodians, who fled to refugee camps along the border to Thailand and tens of thousands of people were murdered throughout the country.

2131: 1619: 1392: 1826:

existed outside the palace. Norodom died in 1904, and his two successors, Sisowath and Monivong, were content to allow the French to control the country, but in 1940 France was defeated in a brief border war with Thailand and forced to surrender the provinces of Battambang and Angkor (the ancient site of Angkor itself was retained). King Monivong died in April 1941, and the French placed the obscure Prince Sihanouk on the throne as king, believing that the inexperienced 18-year old would be more pliable than Monivong's middle-aged son, Prince Monireth.

55: 1052: 962: 1630: 2334: 1530: 1297: 1799: 2454: 6651:

mortality caused by famine, disease, working conditions, or other indirect causes. He does so by grouping deaths within different age and sex brackets and analyzing treatment of these age and sex groups by the Khmer Rouge and violent regimes in general. His conclusion is that an average of 2.52 million people (range of 1.17-3.42 million) died as a result of regime actions between 1970 and 1979, with an average estimate of 1.4 million (range of 1.09-2.16 million) directly violent deaths.

2390:

the People's Republic of China, and the Cambodian-Vietnamese conflict became part of the Sino-Soviet rivalry, with Moscow backing Vietnam. Border clashes worsened when the Democratic Kampuchea military attacked villages in Vietnam. The regime broke off relations with Hanoi in December 1977, protesting Vietnam's alleged attempt to create an Indochina Federation. In mid-1978, Vietnamese forces invaded Cambodia, advancing about 30 miles (48 km) before the arrival of the rainy season.

2202: 7963: 2645: 1214:

royal succession of kings Rudravarman, Bhavavarman I, Mahendravarman , Īśānavarman, and Jayavarman I or in the status of the family of officials who produced the inscription. Another inscription of a few years later, K44, 674 CE, commemorating a foundation in Kampot province under the patronage of Jayavarman I, refers to an earlier foundation in the time of King Raudravarma, presumably Rudravarman of Funan, and again there is no suggestion of political discontinuity.

1468: 1887: 8892: 1179: 1164: 1286: 2790: 459: 8902: 2583: 1210:

more domestic epigraphic sources become available. Claude Jacques summarises: "Very basic historical mistakes have been made" because "the history of pre-Angkorean Cambodia was reconstructed much more on the basis of Chinese records than on that of inscriptions" and as new inscriptions were discovered, researchers "preferred to adjust the newly discovered facts to the initial outline rather than to call the Chinese reports into question".

2153: 2275: 2100: 2005: 2671: 2656:

elections. Prince Sihanouk, President of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia (SNC), and other members of the SNC returned to Phnom Penh in November 1991, to begin the resettlement process in Cambodia. The UN Advance Mission for Cambodia (UNAMIC) was deployed at the same time to maintain liaison among the factions and begin demining operations to expedite the repatriation of approximately 370,000 Cambodians from Thailand.

2409:, a former DK division commander. It was composed of Khmer Communists who had remained in Vietnam after 1975 and officials from the eastern sector—like Heng Samrin and Hun Sen—who had fled to Vietnam from Cambodia in 1978. In late December 1978, Vietnamese forces launched a full invasion of Cambodia, capturing Phnom Penh on 7 January 1979 and driving the remnants of Democratic Kampuchea's army westward toward Thailand. 2058: 1883:. This measure taken by the short-lived governmental authority would be popular and long-lasting, for since then no government in Cambodia has tried to romanise the Khmer language again. After Allied military units entered Cambodia, the Japanese military forces present in the country were disarmed and repatriated. The French were able to reimpose the colonial administration in Phnom Penh in October the same year. 1785: 2524: 1452: 2175:. Simultaneous attacks around the perimeter of Phnom Penh pinned down Republican forces, while other CPK units overran fire bases controlling the vital lower Mekong resupply route. A US-funded airlift of ammunition and rice ended when Congress refused additional aid for Cambodia. The Lon Nol government in Phnom Penh surrendered on 17 April 1975, just five days after the US mission evacuated Cambodia. 874: 1431:'s spectacular abundance in fish and aquatic fauna, as protein source guaranteed a regular food surplus. Recent Geo-surveys have confirmed that Angkor maintained the largest pre-industrial settlement complex worldwide during the 12th and 13th centuries – some three quarters of a million people lived there. Sizeable contingents of the public workforce were to be redirected to monument building and 1726:, China, and Cambodia by 1618, but the Cambodia commerce was not authorized by the directors in London and was short-lived until it was revived in 1651, again without authorization. The Vietnamese on their "Southward March" reach Prei Nokor/Saigon at the Mekong Delta in the 17th century. This event initiates the slow process of Cambodia losing access to the seas and independent marine trade. 7620: 4034: 954: 2127:. Lon Nol remained in power in part because none of the others were prepared to take his place. In 1972, a constitution was adopted, a parliament elected, and Lon Nol became president. But disunity, the problems of transforming a 30,000-man army into a national combat force of more than 200,000 men, and spreading corruption weakened the civilian administration and army. 2379:—were in control. A new constitution in January 1976 established Democratic Kampuchea as a Communist People's Republic, and a 250-member Assembly of the Representatives of the People of Kampuchea (PRA) was selected in March to choose the collective leadership of a State Presidium, the chairman of which became the head of state. 4631:"Funan Reviewed : Deconstructing the Ancients In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 90–91, 2003. pp. 101–143. – there is no evidence that the initial foreign conqueror came from India, neither is it clear that he was a Brahman, and almost certainly his name, as given to the Chinese, was not Kaundinya..." 2229:, the Khmer Rouge "would not have won power without U.S. economic and military destabilization of Cambodia. ... It used the bombing's devastation and massacre of civilians as recruitment propaganda and as an excuse for its brutal, radical policies and its purge of moderate communists and Sihanoukists." Pol Pot biographer 1128:...the fall of Funan was not the result of the shifting of maritime trade route from the Malay Peninsula route to the Strait of Malacca starting from the 5th century CE; rather, it suggests that the conquest of Funan by Zhenla was the exact reason for the shifting of maritime trade route in the 7th century CE.... 3961:"Trade and Exchange Networks in Iron Age Cambodia: Preliminary Results from a Compositional Analysis of Glass Beads - Beads made of glass and stone found at Iron Age period sites (500 BCE – 500 CE) in Southeast Asia are amongst the first signs for sustained trade and sociopolitical contact with South Asia..." 1935:

population had been evicted by the NVA. Prince Sihanouk, fearing that the conflict between communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam might spill over to Cambodia, publicly opposed the idea of a bombing campaign by the United States along the Vietnam–Cambodia border and inside Cambodian territory. However,

4656:"Thinking Through Srivijaya: Polycentric Networks in Traditional Southeast Asia By Rosita Dellios and R. James Ferguson – Yet Funan, like Srivijaya, was not a straightforward country/state or "guo" in the Western or Chinese sense. Funan has been shown to be "a conglomerate of chiefdoms but not a state"" 2762:

Cambodia's longtime Prime Minister Hun Sen, one of the world's longest-serving leaders, has a very firm grip on power. He has been accused of the crackdown on opponents and critics. His Cambodian People's Party (CPP) has been in power since 1979. In December 2021, Prime Minister Hun Sen announced his

2080:

Cambodia with the United States. Son Ngoc Thanh, an opponent of Pol Pot, announced his support for the new government. On 9 October, the Cambodian monarchy was abolished, and the country was renamed the Khmer Republic. The new regime immediately demanded that the Vietnamese communists leave Cambodia.

1729:

Siamese and Vietnamese dominance intensified during the 17th and 18th century, resulting in frequent displacements of the seat of power as the Khmer royal authority decreased to the state of a vassal. In the early 19th century with dynasties in Vietnam and Siam firmly established, Cambodia was placed

1116:

calls it simply Funan: "notion of Fu Nan as an early "state"...has been built largely by historians using documentary and historical evidence" and Michael Vickery remarks: "Nevertheless, it is...unlikely that the several ports constituted a unified state, much less an 'empire'". Other sources though,

6991:

U.N. and Red Cross officials said here and in Ho Chi Minh city this week that 2.25 million Cambodians were facing imminent starvation ... "I have seen quite a few ravaged countries in my career, but nothing like this," one official said ... Cambodia's social welfare apparatus has been

2487:

estimates that 1.671 million to 1.871 million Cambodians died as a result of Khmer Rouge policy, or between 21% and 24% of Cambodia's 1975 population. A study by French demographer Marek Sliwinski calculated slightly fewer than 2 million unnatural deaths under the Khmer Rouge out of a 1975 Cambodian

2469:

ordered his armies to exterminate 1.5 million eastern Cambodians which he branded as "Cambodians with Vietnamese minds" in the area. The purge was done speedily and efficiently as Pol Pot's soldiers quickly killed at least more than 100,000 to 250,000 eastern Cambodians right after deporting them to

2359:

The new government sought to completely restructure Cambodian society. Remnants of the old society were abolished and religion was suppressed. Agriculture was collectivised, and the surviving part of the industrial base was abandoned or placed under state control. Cambodia had neither a currency nor

2083:

Hanoi rejected the new republic's request for the withdrawal of NVA troops. In response, the United States moved to provide material assistance to the new government's armed forces, which were engaged against both CPK insurgents and NVA forces. The North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces, desperate to

1934:

became concerned, and in 1969, the United States began a 14-month-long series of bombing raids targeted at NVA/VC elements, contributing to destabilisation. The bombing campaign took place no further than ten, and later twenty miles (32 km) inside the Cambodian border, areas where the Cambodian

1666:

there only exist external sources for Cambodia's 15th century, the Chinese Ming Shilu annals and the earliest Royal Chronicle of Ayutthaya. Wang Shi-zhen (王世貞), a Chinese scholar of the 16th century, remarked: "The official historians are unrestrained and are skilful at concealing the truth; but the

6916:

As best as can now be estimated, over two million Cambodians died during the 1970s because of the political events of the decade, the vast majority of them during the mere four years of the 'Khmer Rouge' regime. This number of deaths is even more staggering when related to the size of the Cambodian

2681:

Over 4 million Cambodians (about 90% of eligible voters) participated in the May 1993 elections. Pre-election violence and intimidation was widespread, caused by SOC (State of Cambodia – made up largely of former PDK cadre) security forces, mostly against the FUNCINPEC and BLDP parties according to

2550:

as head of state. Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge forces retreated rapidly to the jungles near the Thai border. The Khmer Rouge and the PRK began a costly struggle that played into the hands of the larger powers China, the United States and the Soviet Union. The Khmer People's Revolutionary Party's rule gave

1209:

Most of the Chinese recordings on Chenla, including that of Chenla conquering Funan, have been contested since the 1970s as they are generally based on single remarks in the Chinese annals, as author Claude Jacques emphasised the very vague character of the Chinese terms 'Funan' and 'Chenla', while

859:

religious cosmology, that required advanced spoken languages very much related to those of the present day. The most advanced groups lived along the coast and in the lower Mekong River valley and the delta regions in houses on stilts where they cultivated rice, fished and kept domesticated animals.

2729:

On 4 October 2004, the Cambodian National Assembly ratified an agreement with the United Nations on the establishment of a tribunal to try senior leaders responsible for the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge. International donor countries have pledged a US$ 43 Million share of the three-year

2389:

Democratic Kampuchea's relations with Vietnam and Thailand worsened rapidly as a result of border clashes and ideological differences. While communist, the CPK was fiercely nationalistic, and most of its members who had lived in Vietnam were purged. Democratic Kampuchea established close ties with

1646:

has not yet been produced. However, most modern historians contest that several distinct and gradual changes of religious, dynastic, administrative and military nature, environmental problems and ecological imbalance coincided with shifts of power in Indochina and must all be taken into account to

1108:

in commercial monopolies was established. Exports ranged from forest products to precious metals and commodities such as gold, elephants, ivory, rhinoceros horn, kingfisher feathers, wild spices like cardamom, lacquer, hides and aromatic wood. Under Fan Shih-man Funan maintained a formidable fleet

2438:

and its aftermath. Many of those forced to evacuate the cities were resettled in newly created villages, which lacked food, agricultural implements, and medical care. Many who lived in cities had lost the skills necessary for survival in an agrarian environment. Thousands starved before the first

1948:

in January 1968. So the US had no real motivation to overthrow Sihanouk. However, Prince Sihanouk wanted Cambodia to stay out of the North Vietnam–South Vietnam conflict and was very critical of the United States government and its allies (the South Vietnamese government). Prince Sihanouk, facing

838:

date from 1500 BCE. Heng Sophady (2007) has drawn comparisons between Samrong Sen and the circular earthwork sites of eastern Cambodia. These people may have migrated from South-eastern China to the Indochinese Peninsula. Scholars trace the first cultivation of rice and the first bronze making in

2393:

The reasons for Chinese support of the CPK was to prevent a pan-Indochina movement, and maintain Chinese military superiority in the region. The Soviet Union supported a strong Vietnam to maintain a second front against China in case of hostilities and to prevent further Chinese expansion. Since

1641:

The term "Post-Angkor Period of Cambodia", also the "Middle Period" refers to the historical era from the early 15th century to 1863, the beginning of the French Protectorate of Cambodia. Reliable sources – particularly for the 15th and 16th century – are very rare. A conclusive explanation that

1213:

The notion of Chenla's centre being in modern Laos has also been contested. "All that is required is that it be inland from Funan." The most important political record of pre-Angkor Cambodia, the inscription K53 from Ba Phnom, dated 667 CE does not indicate any political discontinuity, either in

1143:

The archaeological approach to and interpretation of the entire early historic period is considered to be a decisive supplement for future research. The "Lower Mekong Archaeological Project" focuses on the development of political complexity in this region during the early historic period. LOMAP

858:

begins around 500 BCE and lasts until the end of the Funan era - around 500 A.D. as it provides the first concrete evidence for sustained maritime trade and socio-political interaction with India and South Asia. By the 1st century settlers have developed complex, organised societies and a varied

1825:

signed an agreement with the French placing the kingdom under the protection of France. The original treaty left Cambodian sovereignty intact, but French control gradually increased, with important landmarks in 1877, 1884, and 1897, until by the end of the century the king's authority no longer

6650:

Demographer Patrick Heuveline has produced evidence suggesting a range of 150,000 to 300,000 violent deaths from 1970 to 1975. ... One of the more thorough demographic studies, conducted by Patrick Heuveline, also attempts to separate out violent civilian deaths from a general increase in

3751:

Forestier, Hubert; Sophady, Heng; Puaud, Simon; Celiberti, Vincenzo; Frère, Stéphane; Zeitoun, Valéry; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Mourer, Roland; Than, Heng; Billault, Laurence (2015). "The Hoabinhian from Laang Spean Cave in its stratigraphic, chronological, typo-technological and environmental

2079:

in the early hours of 18 March 1970. However, as early as 12 March 1970, the CIA Station Chief told Washington that based on communications from Sirik Matak, Lon Nol's cousin, that "the (Cambodian) army was ready for a coup". Lon Nol assumed power after the military coup and immediately allied

5195:"The water management network of Angkor, Cambodia Roland Fletcher Dan Penny, Damián Evans, Christophe Pottier, Mike Barbetti, Matti Kummu, Terry Lustig & Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap (APSARA) Department of Monuments and Archaeology Team" 1316:

The six centuries of the Khmer Empire are characterised by unparalleled technical and artistic progress and achievements, political integrity and administrative stability. The empire represents the cultural and technical apogee of the Cambodian and Southeast Asian pre-industrial civilisation.

2713:

The parties represented in the 120-member assembly proceeded to draft and approve a new constitution, which was promulgated 24 September 1993. It established a multiparty liberal democracy in the framework of a constitutional monarchy, with the former Prince Sihanouk elevated to King. Prince

2148:

asserted their dominance over the Vietnamese-trained communists, many of whom were purged. At the same time, the Khmer Rouge (CPK) forces became stronger and more independent of their Vietnamese patrons. By 1973, the CPK were fighting battles against government forces with little or no North

1603:

The empire was an agrarian state that consisted essentially of three social classes, the elite, workers and slaves. The elite included advisers, military leaders, courtiers, priests, religious ascetics and officials. Workers included agricultural labourers and also a variety of craftsman for

2655:

On 23 October 1991, the Paris Conference reconvened to sign a comprehensive settlement giving the UN full authority to supervise a cease-fire, repatriate the displaced Khmer along the border with Thailand, disarm and demobilise the factional armies, and prepare the country for free and fair

2167:

The government made three unsuccessful attempts to enter into negotiations with the insurgents, but by 1974, the CPK was operating openly as divisions, and some of the NVA combat forces had moved into South Vietnam. Lon Nol's control was reduced to small enclaves around the cities and main

2981:

The Mekong delta played a central role in the development of Cambodia's earliest complex polities from approximately 500 BCE to 600 CE... envoys Kang Dai and Zhu Ying visited the delta in the mid-3rd century CE to explore the nature of the sea passage via Southeast Asia to India 🇮🇳.. a

2492:(PRK), is generally considered to be an exaggeration; among other methodological errors, the PRK authorities added the estimated number of victims that had been found in the partially-exhumed mass graves to the raw survey results, meaning that some victims would have been double-counted. 1382:

ordered the construction of huge water reservoirs (barays) north of the capital. The water management network depended on elaborate configurations of channels, ponds, and embankments built from huge quantities of clayey sand, the available bulk material on the Angkor plain. Dikes of the

916:

Early Funan was composed of loose communities, each with its own ruler, linked by a common culture and a shared economy of rice farming people in the hinterland and traders in the coastal towns, who were economically interdependent, as surplus rice production found its way to the ports.

695:. Attacks on and conquests of Khmer royal residences left sovereigns without a ceremonial and legitimate power base. Interference in succession and marriage policies added to the decay of royal prestige. Oudong was established in 1601 as the last royal residence of the Middle Period. 3596:"COMMUNISM AND CAMBODIA – Cambodia first declared independence from the French while occupied by the Japanese. Sihanouk, then King, made the declaration on 12 March 1945, three days after Hirohito's Imperial Army seized and disarmed wavering French garrisons throughout Indo-China" 3788:"Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Asia – The case of Phnom Teak Treang and Laang Spean cave, Cambodia: The potential for World Heritage site nomination; the significance of the site for human evolution in Asia, and the need for international cooperation" 4409:"The "Indianization" of Funan: An Economic History of Southeast Asia's First State by Kenneth R. Hall – providing suitable stopping places for sailors and traders; available to them were food, water, and shelter as well as storage facilities and market places for exchange..." 4485:"Funan Reviewed : Deconstructing the Ancients In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 90–91, 2003. pp. 101–143. – In that case the place from which the stranger started his voyage to Funan would have been on the east coast of the Malay peninsula" 1976:

formed a new government, which lasted until 1967. During 1968 and 1969, the insurgency worsened. However, members of the government and army, who resented Sihanouk's ruling style as well as his tilt away from the United States, did have a motivation to overthrow him.

1387:

still exist today, which are more than 7 km (4 mi) long and 1.8 km (1 mi) wide. The largest component is the West Baray, a reservoir about 8 km (5 mi) long and 2 km (1 mi) across, containing approximately 50 million m of water.

1906:

Sihanouk's "royal crusade for independence" resulted in grudging French acquiescence to his demands for a transfer of sovereignty. A partial agreement was struck in October 1953. Sihanouk then declared that independence had been achieved and returned in triumph to

1144:

survey results of 2003 to 2005, for example, have helped to determine that "...the region's importance continued unabated throughout the pre-Angkorian period...and that at least three bear Angkorian-period dates and suggest the continued importance of the delta."

2116:). The US had already been bombing Vietnamese positions in Cambodia for well over a year by that point. Although a considerable quantity of equipment was seized or destroyed by US and South Vietnamese forces, containment of North Vietnamese forces proved elusive. 2242:

claimed that the United States intervention saved the Lon Nol regime from collapse in 1970 and 1973. Craig Etcheson acknowledged that U.S. intervention increased recruitment for the Khmer Rouge but disputed that it was a primary cause of the Khmer Rouge victory.

987:, around the 2nd century BCE Effectively Funan "controlled strategic land routes in addition to coastal areas" and occupied a prominent position as an "economic and administrative hub" between The Indian Ocean trade network and China, collectively known as the 4320:"Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations by Charles F. W. Higham – the inscriptions, written in Sanskrit and employing the Indian Brahmi script, record the presence of kings and queens who took Indian names and founded temples dedicated to Indian gods" 1604:

construction projects. Slaves were often captives from military campaigns or distant villages. Coinage did not exist and the barter economy was based on agricultural produce, principally rice, with regional trade as an insignificant part of the economy.

2355:

Immediately after its victory, the CPK ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns, sending the entire urban population into the countryside to work as farmers, as the CPK was trying to reshape society into a model that Pol Pot had conceived.

1399:

Royal administration was based on the religious idea of the Shivaite Hindu state and the central cult of the sovereign as warlord and protector – the "Varman". This centralised system of governance appointed royal functionaries to provinces. The

1254:

Ancient Chinese records mention two kings, Shrutavarman and Shreshthavarman who ruled at the capital Shreshthapura located in modern-day southern Laos. The immense influence on the identity of Cambodia to come was wrought by the Khmer Kingdom of

1657:

discontinues with King Jayavarman IX Parameshwara (or Jayavarma-Paramesvara) – there exists not a single contemporary record of even a king's name for over 200 years. Construction of monumental temple architecture had come to a standstill after

3536: 846:

in north-west Cambodia revealed an exceptionally high number of injuries, especially to the head, likely to have been caused by interpersonal violence. The graves also contain a quantity of swords and other offensive weapons used in conflict.

3043:

the development of maritime commerce and Hindu influence stimulated early state formation in polities along the coasts of mainland Southeast Asia, where passive indigenous populations embraced notions of statecraft and ideology introduced by

4713:"A Short History of South East Asia Chapter 1. Early Movements of PeopIes, Indian Influence – The First States on the Mainland Cambodia (Funan) – Vassal kingdoms spread to southern Vietnam in the east and to the Malay peninsula in the west" 4542:"Funan Reviewed : Deconstructing the Ancients In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 90–91, 2003. pp. 101–143. – Altogether there are 4 versions differing among themselves in interesting ways. – The first version..." 1109:

and was administered by an advanced bureaucracy, based on a "tribute-based economy, that produced a surplus which was used to support foreign traders along its coasts and ostensibly to launch expansionist missions to the west and south".

1246:

By the late 8th century Water Chenla had become a vassal of the Sailendra dynasty of Java – the last of its kings were killed and the polity incorporated into the Javanese monarchy around 790 CE. Land Chenla acquired independence under

822:

people with highly developed hunting strategies and stone tool making techniques, as well as highly artistic pottery making and design, and with elaborate social, cultural, symbolic and exequial practices. Cambodia participated in the

2084:

retain their sanctuaries and supply lines from North Vietnam, immediately launched armed attacks on the new government. The North Vietnamese quickly overran large parts of eastern Cambodia, reaching to within 15 miles (24 km) of

6843:

We may safely conclude, from known pre- and post-genocide population figures and from professional demographic calculations, that the 1975-79 death toll was between 1.671 and 1.871 million people, 21 to 24 percent of Cambodia's 1975

2702:, respectively. Funcinpec then entered into a coalition with the other parties that had participated in the election. A coalition government resulted between the Cambodian People's Party and FUNCINPEC, with two co-prime ministers – 1943:

journalist Stanley Karnow was told by Sihanouk that if the US wanted to bomb the Vietnamese communist sanctuaries, he would not object, unless Cambodians were killed. The same message was conveyed to US President Johnson's emissary

1331:

The Khmer Empire was preceded by Chenla, a polity with shifting centres of power, which was split into Land Chenla and Water Chenla in the early 8th century. By the late 8th century Water Chenla was absorbed by the Malays of the

885:, on Cambodian and Vietnamese territory characterised by "high population and urban centers, the production of surplus food...socio-political stratification legitimized by Indian religious ideologies". Centered around the lower 1011: 3827:

Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan

1738:

states: "...the King of that ancient Kingdom is ready to throw himself under the protection of any European nation..." To save Cambodia from being incorporated into Vietnam and Siam, the Cambodians entreated the aid of the

3082:"Considerations on the Chronology and History of 9th Century Cambodia by Dr. Karl-Heinz Golzio, Epigraphist - ...the realm called Zhenla by the Chinese. Their contents are not uniform but they do not contradict each other" 4146:"Southeast Asian Riverine and Island Empires by Candice Goucher, Charles LeGuin, and Linda Walton - Funan rulers of the early first century legitimized their rule on the basis of claimed descent from heroic ancestors" 2667:, the Special Representative of the U.N. Secretary General. UNTAC grew into a 22,000-strong civilian and military peacekeeping force tasked to ensure the conduct of free and fair elections for a constituent assembly. 1871:, following a formal request by the Japanese. Shortly thereafter the Japanese government nominally ratified the independence of Cambodia and established a consulate in Phnom Penh. The new government did away with the 652:– increasingly disturbed and influenced government affairs. Ambiguous fortunes, a robust economy on the one hand and a disturbed culture and compromised royalty on the other were constant features of the Longvek era. 1694:"As Siam became Cambodia’s primary nemesis after the demise of Angkor, it put an end to the pattern of ambivalent sovereignty that Cambodia’s imperial experiment on its western frontier had so effectively prolonged." 7005:"Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia and the PRK's rule constituted a challenge on both the national and international political level. On the national level, the Khmer People's Revolutionary Party's rule gave rise..." 1593:, on life in Angkor. His portrayal is one of the most important sources of understanding historical Angkor as the text offers valuable information on the everyday life and the habits of the inhabitants of Angkor. 1134:"By the end of the fifth century, international trade through southeast Asia was almost entirely directed through the Strait of Malacca. Funan, from the point of view of this trade, had outlived its usefulness." 3890:"Bioarchaeological evidence for conflict in Iron Age north-west Cambodia - Examination of skeletal material from graves at Phum Snay in north-west Cambodia revealed an exceptionally high number of injuries..." 7109:"Historical background, International Conference on Kampuchea, Paris Conference, Intense diplomatic activity, P-5 proposal, Ceasefire UNAMIC DEPLOYED Establishment, Expansion of mandate, Ceasefire violations" 5373:"The emergence and ultimate decline of the Khmer Empire was paralleled with development and subsequent change in religious ideology, together with infrastructure that supported agriculture by Kay McCullough" 5876:"Giovanni Filippo de MARINI, Delle Missioni… CHAPTER VII – MISSION OF THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA by Cesare Polenghi – It is considered one of the most renowned for trading opportunities: there is abundance..." 2225:, have cited the United States intervention and bombing campaign (spanning 1965–1973) as a significant factor which lead to increased support for the Khmer Rouge among the Cambodian peasantry. According to 5458:"What the collapse of ancient capitals can teach us about the cities of today by Srinath Perur – There had long been a debate about what led to the decline of Angkor and the southward move of the Khmer..." 2714:

Ranariddh and Hun Sen became First and Second Prime Ministers, respectively, in the Royal Cambodian Government (RGC). The constitution provides for a wide range of internationally recognised human rights.

2111:

In April 1970, US President Richard Nixon announced to the American public that US and South Vietnamese ground forces had entered Cambodia in a campaign aimed at destroying NVA base areas in Cambodia (see

2233:

writes that the bombing "had the effect the Americans wanted – it broke the Communist encirclement of Phnom Penh", but it also accelerated the collapse of rural society and increased social polarization.

1076:

or prince named Preah Thaong in Khmer, Kaundinya in Sanskrit and Hun-t’ien in Chinese records marries the local ruler, a princess named Nagi Soma (Lieu-Ye in Chinese records), thus establishing the first

2717:

Hun Sen and his government have seen much controversy. Hun Sen was a former Khmer Rouge commander who was originally installed by the Vietnamese and, after the Vietnamese left the country, maintains his

1084:

Scholars debate as to how deep the narrative is rooted in actual events and on Kaundinya's origin and status. A Chinese document, that underwent 4 alterations and a 3rd-century epigraphic inscription of

1137:"Nothing in the epigraphical record authorizes such interpretations; and the inscriptions which retrospectively bridge the so- called Funan-Chenla transition do not indicate a political break at all." 3543: 615:

at the old capital remained an important spiritual centre. Yet since the mid 15th century the core population steadily moved to the east and – with brief exceptions – settled at the confluence of the

1922:

Neutrality was the central element of Cambodian foreign policy during the 1950s and 1960s. By the mid-1960s, parts of Cambodia's eastern provinces were serving as bases for North Vietnamese Army and

1759:, in order to restore the then Christianised King, Satha II, as monarch of Cambodia, this, after a Thai/Siamese invasion was repelled. However that was only temporary. Nevertheless, the future King, 5201: 4688:"Funan Reviewed : Deconstructing the Ancients In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 90–91, 2003. pp. 101–143. – What was Funan? Nevertheless, it is a priori unlikely that..." 2439:

harvest. Hunger and malnutrition—bordering on starvation—were constant during those years. Most military and civilian leaders of the former regime who failed to disguise their pasts were executed.

5850: 4567:"Kalinga and Funan: A Study in Ancient Relations – This Chinese version of the dynastic origin of Funan has been corroborated by a Sanskrit inscription of Champa belonging to the third century CE" 1117:

imply imperial status: "Vassal kingdoms spread to southern Vietnam in the east and to the Malay peninsula in the west" and "Here we will look at two empires of this period...Funan and Srivijaya".

7624: 4599:"Southeast Asian Riverine and Island Empires by Candice Goucher, Charles LeGuin, and Linda Walton – The mythical account of the founding of Funan reflects in symbolic terms the conditions..." 1837:, were determined to recover Indochina, though they offered Cambodia and the other Indochinese protectorates a carefully circumscribed measure of self-government. Convinced that they had a " 5583:"The emergence and ultimate decline of the Khmer Empire was paralleled with development and subsequent change in religious ideology, together with infrastructure that supported agriculture" 4431:"Funan Kingdom – 100–545 CE The remains of what is believed to have been the kingdom's main port, Oc Eo (now part of Vietnam), contain Roman as well as Persian, Indian, and Greek artefacts" 7248: 4662: 1751:) that previously participated in the Burmese-Siamese wars as mercenaries. When the embassy arrived in Luzon, the rulers were now Spaniards, so they asked them for aid too, together with 818:

period in the cave. Finds since 2012 lead to the common interpretation, that the cave contains the archaeological remains of a first occupation by hunter and gatherer groups, followed by

5286: 4987:""What and Where was Chenla?" - there is really no need to look for Khmer Empire beyond the borders of what is present-day Cambodia. All that is required is that it be inland from Funan" 3628:"Simulation on The Cambodia Peace Settlement – The Sihanouk Era – The government of the new kingdom initially took a neutral stance in order to protect itself from neighboring countries" 3220: 5882: 2261:

spokeswoman Jiang Yu said that "the government of Democratic Kampuchea had a legal seat at the United Nations, and had established broad foreign relations with more than 70 countries".

2213:

of Cambodia by the United States and the growth of the Khmer Rouge, in terms of recruitment and popular support, has been a matter of interest to historians. Some historians, including

5812:"The Ming Shi-lu as a source for Southeast Asian History by Geoff Wade, Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore 2.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MSL AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE" 5011: 4894:

Stark, Miriam T. (1998). "The Transition to History in the Mekong by Miriam T. Stark - There is another untapped role for archaeological approaches to the early historic period...".

5614: 2726:, using the army to purge Ranariddh and his supporters. Ranariddh was ousted and fled to Paris while other opponents of Hun Sen were arrested, tortured and some summarily executed. 5662: 5582: 5372: 5226: 3156: 3081: 3818:

Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2000), "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan", Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 20: 153–158, doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751

1952:

Throughout the 1960s, domestic Cambodian politics became polarised. Opposition to the government grew within the middle class and leftists including Paris-educated leaders like

6071: 5325: 2386:

would chair the State Presidium for a 5-year term. It also picked a 15-member cabinet headed by Pol Pot as prime minister. Prince Sihanouk was put under virtual house arrest.

7084:

The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (Untac: Debriefing and Lessons : Report and Recommendations of the International Conference, Singapore, August 1994

4929: 4319: 4719: 3654:"Conflict in Cambodia, 1945–2002 by Ben Kiernan – American aircraft dropped over half a million tons of bombs on Cambodia's countryside, killing over 100.000 peasants..." 2394:

Stalin's death, relations between Mao-controlled China and the Soviet Union had been lukewarm at best. In February to March 1979, China and Vietnam would fight the brief

7738: 1647:

make an interpretation. In recent years, focus has notably shifted towards studies on climate changes, human–environment interactions and the ecological consequences.

1238: 6917:

population, then less than eight million. ... Subsequent reevaluations of the demographic data situated the death toll for the in the order of 300,000 or less.

4376: 4177: 2250:

By 1973, Vietnamese support of the Khmer Rouge had largely disappeared. China "armed and trained" the Khmer Rouge both during the civil war and the years afterward.

539:

or Zhenla in Chinese annals, firmly replaced Funan, as it controlled larger, more undulating areas of Indochina and maintained more than a singular centre of power.

7222: 2188: 4133:

Archaeolgic, epigraphic and art historical research illustrate, that the delta was the center of the region's first cultural system with trappings of statehood...

4831:"Southeast Asian Riverine and Island Empires by Candice Goucher, Charles LeGuin, and Linda Walton - By the end of the fifth century, international trade through" 2722:

position by violence and oppression when deemed necessary. In 1997, fearing the growing power of his co-Prime Minister, Prince Norodom Ranariddh, Hun launched a

2470:

execution site locations in Central, North and North-Western Zones within a month's time, making it the bloodiest episode of mass murder under Pol Pot's regime.

4452: 1767:). The Cambodian king agreed to colonial France's offers of protection in order to restore the existence of the Cambodian monarchy, which took effect with King 1435:

maintenance. A growing number of researchers relates the progressive over-exploitation of the delicate local eco-system and its resources alongside large scale

7784:

Crossroads in Cambodia: The United Nation's responsibility to withdrawn involvement from the establishment of a Cambodian Tribunal to prosecute the Khmer Rouge

4106: 3928: 3012: 1568:

and Sra Srang. The construction of an impressive number of utilitarian and secular projects and edifices, such as maintenance of the extensive road network of

5457: 7748: 7328: 4004: 2994: 1227: 7794: 5194: 3602: 2932: 6370: 4210:"Southeast Asian Riverine and Island Empires by Candice Goucher, Charles LeGuin, and Linda Walton - Early Funan was composed of a number of communities..." 3427:"Reconceptualizing Southern Vietnamese History from the 15th to 18th Centuries Competition along the Coasts from Guangdong to Cambodia by Brian A. Zottoli" 5843: 3449: 1698: 341: 7508: 3157:"The emergence and ultimate decline of the Khmer Empire - Many scholars attribute the halt of the development of Angkor to the rise of Theravada...p.14" 2774:, the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) easily won by landslide in flawed election, after disqualification of Cambodia's most important opposition, 1096:

Chinese annals report that Funan reached its territorial climax in the early 3rd century under the rule of king Fan Shih-man, extending as far south as

1939:

claimed, "Prince Sihanouk complained bitterly to us about these North Vietnamese bases in his country and invited us to attack them". In December 1967

7947: 5663:"The emergence and ultimate decline of the Khmer Empire – ...the Empire experienced two lengthy droughts, during c.1340–1370 and also c.1400–1425..." 5504: 2660: 2566: 770: 325: 5319:"Historie routes to Angkor: development of the Khmer road system (ninth to thirteenth centuries CE) in mainland Southeast Asia by Mitch Hendrickson" 5227:"The emergence and ultimate decline of the Khmer Empire – Many scholars attribute the halt of the development of Angkor to the rise of Theravada..." 4566: 4509: 3846:

Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.

1093:

for the diffusion of Indic Hindu and Buddhist beliefs into ancient local cosmology and culture whereas some historians dismiss it chronologically.

607:

The decline continued through a transitional period of approximately 100 years followed by the Middle Period of Cambodian history, also called the

7050:

Daniel Bultmann (2015) 'Inside Cambodian Insurgency. A Sociological Perspective on Civil Wars and Conflict', Ashgate: Burlington, VT/Farnham, UK,

5694:

Buckley, B. M.; Anchukaitis, K. J.; Penny, D.; Fletcher, R.; Cook, E. R.; Sano, M.; Nam, L. C.; Wichienkeeo, A.; Minh, T. T.; Hong, T. M. (2010).

5156: 4830: 4744: 4655: 4598: 4209: 4145: 7255: 7131:"OPINION: The 1991 Paris Peace Agreement Had Been the Starting Point in the Quest for Peace, Independence, Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity" 5534: 3685: 3213: 5875: 5432:"Murder and Mayhem in Seventeenth Century Cambodia – The so-called middle period of Cambodian history, stretching from... – Reviews in History" 5293: 2528: 2402: 1233: 7597: 3863: 2733:

Cambodia is still infested with countless land mines, indiscriminately planted by all warring parties during the decades of war and upheaval.

8857: 7578: 7200: 1222: 1131:"As Funan was indeed in decline caused by shifts in Southeast Asian maritime trade routes, rulers had to seek new sources of wealth inland." 487: 7559: 5018: 3627: 1548:

in a successful campaign. During his nearly forty years in power he becomes the most prolific monument builder, who establishes the city of

1423:

The area that comprises the various capitals was spread out over around 1,000 km (386 sq mi), it is nowadays commonly called

8383: 7768: 7482: 7280: 4962:""What and Where was Chenla?" - In the 1970s Claude Jacques began cautiously to move away from the established historiographical framework" 4352:"Khmer Ceramics by Dawn Rooney – Funan became an important centre because it controlled strategic land routes in addition to coastal areas" 2254: 741:, independent since 1953, struggled to remain neutral in a world shaped by polarisation of the nuclear powers USA and Soviet Union. As the 290: 7764: 5618: 4453:"9 Textualized Places, Pre-Angkorian Khmers and Historicized Archaeology by Miriam T. Stark – Cambodia's Origins and the Khok Thlok Story" 2495:

An estimated 300,000 Cambodians starved to death between 1979 and 1980, largely as a result of the after-effects of Khmer Rouge policies.

6526: 5669: 5589: 5379: 5233: 3163: 1898: 5124:"THE JOURNAL OF THE SIAM SOCIETY - AN HISTORICAL ATLAS OF THAILAND Vol. LII Part 1-2 1964 - The Australian National University Canberra" 5012:"THE JOURNAL OF THE SIAM SOCIETY - AN HISTORICAL ATLAS OF THAILAND Vol. LII Part 1-2 1964 - The Australian National University Canberra" 7456: 4930:"Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations by Charles F. W. Higham - Chenla - Chinese histories record that a state called Chenla..." 3088: 2247:

wrote that the United States bombing and ground incursion plunged Cambodia into the chaos that Sihanouk had worked for years to avoid.

1841:", they envisioned Indochina's participation in a French Union of former colonies that shared the common experience of French culture. 1678:(Angkor Thom) around the year 1431. Historians relate the event to the shift of Cambodia's political centre southward to the region of 1360:- god-king, divinely appointed and uncontested, he simultaneously declares independence from Shailandra and Srivijaya. He established 568:

tradition, reigned over the classical era of Khmer civilization until the 11th century. A new dynasty of provincial origin introduced

8531: 7821: 6060: 5318: 4745:"Southeast Asian Riverine and Island Empires by Candice Goucher, Charles LeGuin, and Linda Walton – Here we will look at two empires" 3794: 3660: 2144:

The Khmer Rouge insurgency inside Cambodia continued to grow, aided by supplies and military support from North Vietnam. Pol Pot and

129: 7534: 6124:"Colonial Era – Cambodia Enters the Wider World: 1863 – 1953 Cambodian History Searching for the Truth, July 2009 By David Chandler" 2730:

tribunal budget as Cambodia contributes US$ 13.3 Million. The tribunal has sentenced several senior Khmer Rouge leaders since 2008.

8045: 1654: 4936: 4326: 8806: 6633: 2171:

On New Year's Day 1975, Communist troops launched an offensive which, in 117 days of the hardest fighting of the war, caused the

7942: 4712: 2558: 2257:(CGDK) held Cambodia's UN seat until 1993, long after the Cold War had ended. China has defended its ties with the Khmer Rouge. 8867: 2663:(UNTAC) arrived in Cambodia to begin implementation of the UN settlement plan and to become operational on 15 March 1992 under 984: 604:

are testimony to a creative and progressive civilisation - in its complexity a cornerstone of Southeast Asian cultural legacy.

7152: 6605: 4178:"Pre-Angkorian and Angkorian Cambodia by Miriam T. Stark - Chinese documentary evidence described walled and moated cities..." 8138: 7735: 7092: 6971: 6744: 6156: 6107: 6044: 6014: 5987: 5918: 5415: 5107: 5080: 4281: 3722: 3579: 3410: 3361: 3284: 1752: 5350: 3323:"Maritime Trade in Southeast Asia during the Early Colonial Period ...transferring the lucrative China trade to Cambodia..." 1706:

Sources for the 16th century are more numerous. The kingdom is centred at the Mekong, prospering as an integral part of the

7993: 7983: 4298:"Funan Kingdom - 100-545 CE - In the mid-3rd century A.D. two chinese traders, Kang Tai and Zhu Ying, visited Vyadharapura" 2292: 2022: 1972:, literally the "Red Khmer". But the 1966 national assembly elections showed a significant swing to the right, and General 5785: 5753: 4383: 4184: 1714:

does occur. Wars with the Siamese result in loss of territory and eventually the conquest of the capital Longvek in 1594.

8781: 8030: 7897: 7226: 4510:"Kalinga and Funan : A Study in Ancient Relations – there is considerable disagreement on the homeland of Kaundinya" 2895:

Mourer, Cécile; Mourer, Roland (July 1970). "The Prehistoric Industry of Laang Spean, Province of Battambang, Cambodia".

2834: 1854: 1653:

in temples, ends in the third decade of the fourteenth, and does not resume until the mid-16th century. Recording of the

205: 5934: 5560: 5431: 3322: 8484: 8217: 8212: 7937: 7834: 7662: 6817:(2003). "The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975–79, and East Timor, 1975–80". 6586: 6415: 6327: 5166: 5123: 2804: 2514: 1763:, also enlisted the aid of the French who were allied to the Spanish (As Spain was ruled by a French royal dynasty the 1120:

The question of how Funan came to an end is in the face of almost universal scholarly conflict impossible to pin down.

511:, can be traced back to Indian civilization. Detailed records of a political structure on the territory of what is now 314: 5811: 2554: 2119:

The Khmer Republic's leadership was plagued by disunity among its three principal figures: Lon Nol, Sihanouk's cousin

8826: 7932: 7635: 7055: 6942: 6909: 6798: 6771: 6464: 4459: 2699: 2625: 2543: 2504: 2489: 2314: 2044: 1243:. The names signify a northern and a southern half, which may conveniently be referred to as Upper and Lower Chenla. 766: 738: 480: 380: 285: 17: 4117: 3935: 3512:"Cambodia became a peripheral area, widely uncared for by France as economic benefits from Cambodia were negligible" 3027: 97: 3595: 2382:

Prince Sihanouk resigned as head of state on 2 April. On 14 April, after its first session, the PRA announced that

675:, respectively. These powers had perceived, understood and increasingly followed the imperative of controlling the 385: 154: 7335: 6405: 6126:. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND DOCUMENTATION CENTER OF CAMBODIA 365: 225: 8335: 7885: 7880: 2965: 2814: 2771: 2741: 2592: 1860: 1850: 1812: 1356:(Mount Mahendra) in 802 CE, intended to proclaim political autonomy and royal legitimacy. As he declared himself 726: 408: 336: 183: 171: 6379: 8222: 8008: 7690: 7434: 3459: 3426: 2873:. Northwestern Primary School of Law Center for International Human Rights and Documentation Center of Cambodia 2737: 2296: 2026: 6856:

Locard, Henri (March 2005). "State Violence in Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) and Retribution (1979–2004)".

4076: 8524: 8300: 8199: 8081: 7850: 7814: 2683: 2518: 2218: 1919:

troops from its territory and to withstand any residual impingement upon its sovereignty by external powers.

1420:

as exclusive state religion. Some historians relate the empires' decline to these religious discontinuities.

810:

stone tools from 6000 to 7000 BCE and pottery from 4200 BCE. Starting in 2009 archaeological research of the

445: 418: 390: 6958:

Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970–1979".

6896:

Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970–1979".

3248: 2149:

Vietnamese troop support, and they controlled nearly 60% of Cambodia's territory and 25% of its population.

8926: 8616: 8246: 8194: 8189: 8118: 7988: 7927: 7778: 5640: 5172: 5046: 4077:"THE VIRTUAL MUSEUM OF KHMER ART - History of Funan - The Liang Shu account from Chinese Empirical Records" 3537:"CAMBODIA'S BORDER WITH ENGAGEMENT FROM POWER COUNTRIES by SORIN SOK, Research Fellow – The treaty of 1863" 2839: 2809: 2508: 2349: 1078: 762: 737:

was the opening act for the irreversible process towards re-emancipation and modern Cambodian history. The

473: 423: 413: 280: 34: 5512: 4430: 4297: 3960: 3113:

Wolters, O. W. (1973). "Jayavarman II's Military Power: The Territorial Foundation of the Angkor Empire".

1427:. The combination of sophisticated wet-rice agriculture, based on an engineered irrigation system and the 8862: 8448: 8325: 8113: 8013: 7890: 4573: 4516: 3378:"1551 – WAR WITH LOVEK – During the Burmese siege of Ayutthaya in 1549 the King of Cambodia, Ang Chan..." 2745: 2695: 2542:(Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation) invaded Cambodia and overthrew the Khmer Rouge, the new 2168:

transportation routes. More than two million refugees from the war lived in Phnom Penh and other cities.

1868: 1663: 1026: 577: 319: 187: 6931:

Counting Civilian Casualties: An Introduction to Recording and Estimating Nonmilitary Deaths in Conflict

3837:

Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.

2933:"Pre-Angkorian Settlement Trends in Cambodia's Mekong Delta and the Lower Mekong Archaeological Project" 2686:(PDK), whose forces were never actually disarmed or demobilized blocked local access to polling places. 2423: 572:, which according to some scholars resulted in royal religious discontinuities and general decline. The 8821: 8726: 8143: 8035: 7998: 7306: 6858: 6512:, in The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia, edited by Norman Owen. University of Hawaii Press, p. 369. 4837: 4751: 4605: 4216: 4152: 3192: 2458: 940:. Funan's language has been determined as to have been an early form of Khmer and its written form was 2752:. The CPP won every seat in the National Assembly without a major opposition, effectively solidifying 1576:

and the many rest houses, bridges and hospitals make Jayavarman VII unique among all imperial rulers.

1494:(1113–1150) the empire reached its greatest geographic extent as it directly or indirectly controlled 8273: 8174: 8018: 8003: 7855: 7174: 7108: 5538: 5505:"Scientists dig and fly over Angkor in search of answers to golden city's fall by Miranda Leitsinger" 4050: 3689: 2829: 1518:. However, territorial expansion ended when Suryavarman II was killed in battle attempting to invade 786: 611:, beginning in the mid 15th century. Although the Hindu cults had by then been all but replaced, the 573: 565: 134: 62: 3997: 3856: 979:

visited the Funan city Vyadharapura. Envoys Kang Tai and Zhu Ying defined Funan as to be a distinct

8831: 8548: 8517: 8330: 8310: 8263: 8179: 8091: 7807: 6963: 6901: 4351: 4241: 2258: 1756: 967: 835: 531:

culture, which suggests prolonged socio-economic interaction with maritime trading partners of the

7759: 7196: 7028:

David P. Chandler, A history of Cambodia, Westview Press; Allen & Unwin, Boulder, Sydney, 1992

1540:

King Jayavarman VII (reigned 1181–1219) is generally considered to be Cambodia's greatest King. A

8776: 8741: 8696: 8392: 8169: 8096: 6934: 3631: 2285: 2015: 1589: 1503: 139: 7284: 4776: 4273: 4267: 2982:

tribute-based economy, that ... It also suggests that the region's importance continued unabated

1061:, Tien Giang province, Vietnam. Style of Phnom Da (Funan). 7th century AD. Guimet Museum, Paris. 8666: 8661: 8556: 8433: 8423: 8133: 8128: 8086: 7962: 6637: 6004: 2749: 2596: 2565:

was given a mandate to enforce a ceasefire and deal with refugees and disarmament known as the

2196: 2092:. The king urged his followers to help in overthrowing this government, hastening the onset of 2068: 1968:

under the clandestine Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK). Sihanouk called these insurgents the

1912: 1879:

that the French colonial administration was beginning to enforce and officially reinstated the

1409: 992: 711: 649: 239: 7307:"Royal Government of Cambodia [RGC] – The election resulted in a coalition government" 6761: 6734: 6522: 6097: 6034: 5405: 5097: 4880: 4816: 4377:"Pre-Angkorian and Angkorian Cambodia by Miriam T. Stark – ...economic and administrative hub" 3400: 3274: 1596:

The last Sanskrit inscription is dated 1327, and records the succession of Indrajayavarman by

1267:

who completely conquered the kingdom of Funan during 612–628. He chose his new capital at the

8786: 8761: 8676: 8656: 8606: 8576: 8566: 8340: 8305: 8268: 8232: 8103: 8076: 7971: 7082: 6788: 6543:

Vietnam: The Necessary War: A Reinterpretation of America's Most Disastrous Military Conflict

6456: 6123: 5977: 5908: 3984: 3569: 3377: 2988: 2866: 2344: 1872: 894: 375: 7460: 7004: 6197: 3934:. Department of Anthropology College of Social Sciences University of Hawaii. Archived from 3712: 3511: 8872: 8751: 8746: 8626: 8418: 8315: 8288: 8278: 8123: 8059: 8040: 7915: 7783: 7754: 5707: 3787: 3761: 3653: 2844: 2719: 2338: 2328: 2134: 2130: 2076: 1994: 1927: 1618: 1003:

coins and artefacts, unearthed at archaeological sites of 2nd and 3rd century settlements.

758: 703: 428: 370: 260: 6701: 6453:

The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–1979

6319:

My War with the CIA: The Memoirs of Prince Norodom Sihanouk as Related to Wilfred Burchett

3011:

Stark, Miriam T.; Griffin, P. Bion; Phoeurn, Chuch; Ledgerwood, Judy; et al. (1999).

2883:

We have evidence of cave dwellers in northwestern Cambodia living as long ago as 5000 BCE.

2607: 2104: 546:

was established by the early 9th century. Sources refer here to a mythical initiation and

8: 8846: 8816: 8766: 8721: 8701: 8691: 8477: 8458: 8355: 8295: 8227: 8157: 8071: 7910: 7364: 6713: 4054: 3490: 2723: 2395: 2160: 2113: 2093: 1986: 1822: 1790: 1768: 1391: 1320: 1260: 799: 750: 360: 246: 92: 6664: 5711: 5434:. School of Advanced Study at the University of London. 28 February 2009. Archived from 3765: 3013:"Results of the 1995–1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia" 1519: 1206:, but under its ruler Citrasena-Mahendravarman conquered Funan and gained independence. 8791: 8706: 8686: 8571: 8561: 8403: 8373: 8363: 8283: 8184: 7920: 7875: 6985: 6875: 6834: 5730: 5695: 4911: 3910: 3138: 3130: 2904: 2561:, culminating two years later in October 1991 in a comprehensive peace settlement. The 2478: 2418: 2184: 2172: 1838: 1719: 1707: 1613: 1515: 1337: 1022: 988: 925: 824: 791: 634: 608: 273: 251: 220: 109: 1112:

Historians maintain contradicting ideas about Funan's political status and integrity.

827:, which was in place in the region for 3,000 years, beginning in 2000 BCE to 1000 CE. 8901: 8836: 8771: 8736: 8671: 8651: 8641: 8601: 8586: 8581: 8493: 8453: 8438: 8398: 8388: 8345: 8320: 8258: 7788: 7658: 7175:"UNTAC was established by Security Council resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992" 7088: 7051: 6967: 6938: 6905: 6879: 6838: 6794: 6767: 6740: 6582: 6479: 6460: 6411: 6323: 6286: 6152: 6103: 6040: 6010: 5983: 5958:

Bassett, D. K. “The Trade of the English East India Company in Cambodia, 1651-1656.”

5914: 5735: 5411: 5162: 5103: 5076: 4867: 4803: 4408: 4277: 4058: 3914: 3718: 3575: 3406: 3357: 3280: 3142: 2775: 2707: 2687: 2447: 2244: 2230: 2214: 1834: 1723: 1671: 1667:

memorials and statutes they record and the documents they copy cannot be discarded."

1541: 906: 684: 672: 433: 265: 4915: 1416:

valley discontinued the old "ritual policy", genealogical traditions and crucially,

702:

powers with concrete policies of global control put an end to regional feuds and as

8877: 8796: 8756: 8731: 8711: 8646: 8621: 8611: 8596: 7641: 7390: 7068: 6867: 6826: 6709: 6602: 6313: 5754:"Mak Phœun : Histoire du Cambodge de la fin du XVIe au début du XVIIIe siècle" 5725: 5715: 4903: 3964: 3900: 3769: 3122: 2955: 2947: 2674: 2649: 1891: 1864: 1816: 1711: 1499: 1218: 1203: 1051: 1034: 882: 868: 734: 715: 645: 516: 176: 6287:""Prince Sihanouk was deposed in a right-wing coup in 1970 led by Lt-Gen Lon Nol"" 5068: 1124:

is the name of Funan's successor in Chinese annals, first appearing in 616/617 CE

961: 924:

and the maritime trade routes. Cultural and religious ideas reached Funan via the

893:

rivers from the first to sixth century CE with "walled and moated cities" such as

8716: 8681: 8636: 8631: 8540: 8498: 8408: 8108: 7952: 7742: 7708: 6609: 6530: 6317: 6146: 4687: 4630: 4541: 4484: 3773: 3351: 2819: 2795: 2778:. On 22 August 2023, Hun Manet was sworn in as the new Cambodian prime minister. 2767:

to succeed him after the next election, which is expected to take place in 2023.

2756: 2639: 1764: 1477: 1268: 1256: 1113: 1038: 1000: 881:

Chinese annals contain detailed records of the first known organised polity, the

774: 463: 350: 54: 6830: 4986: 4961: 3056: 2603: 1529: 637:

was the basis for a very prosperous 16th century. But, as a result foreigners –

558:(Mount Mahendra) in 802 CE. A succession of powerful sovereigns, continuing the 8413: 8378: 8204: 7905: 7197:"UNITED NATIONS TRANSITIONAL AUTHORITY IN CAMBODIA (UNTAC) - Facts and Figures" 6430:

Kiernan, Ben (Winter 1989). "The American Bombardment of Kampuchea 1969–1973".

5760: 2694:

Party was the top vote recipient with 45.5% of the vote, followed by Hun Sen's

2664: 2644: 2562: 2333: 2210: 2192: 1990: 1945: 1876: 1731: 1659: 1534: 1491: 1432: 1296: 1202:

sent an embassy to China in 616 or 617 CE It says, that Chenla was a vassal of

1153: 1089:

are the contemporary sources. Some scholars consider the story to be simply an

948: 898: 855: 746: 597: 508: 234: 215: 210: 149: 6871: 6702:"The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79" 4907: 3905: 3889: 3857:"Circular Earthwork Krek 52/62: Recent Research on the Prehistory of Cambodia" 3300: 3126: 2951: 1930:

was being used to supply them. As NVA/VC activity grew, the United States and

1771:

signing and officially recognising the French protectorate on 11 August 1863.

1629: 8920: 8895: 8428: 8368: 6980: 5435: 4038: 3968: 3188: 2453: 2383: 2138: 1931: 1798: 1735: 1715: 1675: 1597: 1584: 1569: 1436: 1405: 1401: 1379: 1371: 1345: 1264: 1248: 698:

The 19th-century arrival of then technologically more advanced and ambitious

551: 6407:

Kissinger's Shadow: The Long Reach of America's Most Controversial Statesman

5720: 5262: 5130: 4062: 7870: 7773: 6256: 6030: 5818: 5789: 5739: 4102: 3482: 2473:

Religious institutions were not spared by the Khmer Rouge as well, in fact

2239: 2235: 2222: 2201: 1936: 1880: 1643: 1557: 1375: 1361: 1349: 1301: 1280: 1185: 1105: 996: 890: 730: 714:

ambition. Cambodia, although largely neglected, had been colonized by the

676: 656: 641: 585: 547: 543: 82: 8023: 7509:"Cambodia: Hun Sen re-elected in landslide victory after brutal crackdown" 4107:"Chapter III: Angkor Borei and the Archaeology of Cambodia's Mekong Delta" 2465:

When Cambodian socialists began to rebel in the eastern zone of Cambodia,

1428: 8905: 7860: 7629: 7391:"Open letter to Second Prime Minister Hun Sen from Amnesty International" 7249:"CAMBODIA'S ELECTIONS TURN SOUR – Pre-election violence and intimidation" 6814: 6448: 5264:

The Descendants of Kambu: The Political Imagination of Angkorian Cambodia

2824: 2547: 2484: 2443: 2406: 2226: 2120: 2089: 1969: 1830: 1748: 1580: 1549: 1523: 1474: 1353: 1309: 1195: 831: 795: 754: 742: 722: 718:

given a perceived entity and was able to carry and reclaim its identity.

699: 668: 667:

in the east had gradually been pushed aside or replaced by the resilient

664: 581: 555: 7483:"Cambodia's Government Should Stop Silencing Journalists, Media Outlets" 6036:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

5351:"Zhou Daguan-A Record of Cambodia-Siam Society Review by Milton Osborne" 3214:"AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY INSCRIPTION FROM ANGKOR WAT by David P. Chandler" 3134: 2908: 2477:

was so viciously persecuted to such an extent that the vast majority of

1886: 1041:, dated to the mid-5th century AD, and tells of a donation in honour of 814:

has documented a complete cultural sequence from 71.000 years BP to the

7412: 6250: 5963: 4777:"ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: FUNAN, SRIVIJAYA AND THE MON" 3454: 2532: 2435: 2427: 2299: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2253:

Owing to Chinese, U.S., and Western support, the Khmer Rouge-dominated

2156: 2085: 2029: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1965: 1908: 1679: 1511: 1507: 1467: 1457: 1384: 976: 807: 660: 620: 612: 532: 144: 5786:"The Ming Shi-lu as a Source for the Study of Southeast Asian History" 2960: 2461:

contain thousands of photos taken by the Khmer Rouge of their victims.

1285: 5615:"Laser scans flesh out the saga of Cambodias 1200 year old lost city" 5158:

God and King: The Devaraja Cult in South Asian Art & Architecture

4044: 3115:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

2764: 2691: 2434:

20,000 people died of exhaustion or disease during the evacuation of

2372: 2368: 2178: 2145: 1957: 1923: 1916: 1915:

on Indochina, Cambodia was able to bring about the withdrawal of the

1760: 1650: 1565: 1495: 1413: 1341: 1333: 1178: 1163: 921: 843: 819: 815: 680: 593: 589: 520: 505: 119: 7799: 7369:, International Herald Tribune, reprinted by Human Rights Watch.org" 7153:"One Year After the Paris Accords: An Interview with Yasushi Akashi" 5696:"Climate as a contributing factor in the demise of Angkor, Cambodia" 3057:""What and Where was Chenla?", Recherches nouvelles sur le Cambodge" 2274: 2152: 2099: 2088:. The North Vietnamese turned the newly won territories over to the 2004: 7830: 7736:

the United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC) (1991-1992)

7579:"Cambodia PM Hun Sen's party claims 'landslide' in flawed election" 6983:(8 August 1979). "2.25 million Cambodians Facing Starvation". 6499:, Revised Edition, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 96–97. 6486:, Revised Edition, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 96–98. 6198:"Cambodia, Appendix B – Major Political and Military Organizations" 5935:"Maritime Trade in Southeast Asia during the Early Colonial Period" 4080: 2670: 2474: 2264: 2057: 1634: 1561: 1417: 1357: 1097: 1090: 1030: 980: 941: 933: 851: 803: 569: 562: 528: 512: 8509: 7560:"Hun Sen, Cambodian leader for 36 years, backs son to succeed him" 5641:"Possible new explanation found for sudden demise of Khmer Empire" 3162:. Studies Of ASEAN Countries in the Southeast Asia. Archived from 1926:(NVA/NLF) forces operating against South Vietnam, and the port of 1514:

is considered to be the most accomplished expression of classical

1364:, the first capital of the Angkorean area near the modern town of 1069: 902: 7535:"Authoritarian rule shedding its populist skin in rural Cambodia" 7130: 5960:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

5483:"Cambodia and Its Neighbors in the 15th Century, Michael Vickery" 4037:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2706:, since 1985 the prime minister in the Communist government, and 2703: 2466: 2376: 2364: 2072: 2061: 1973: 1961: 1953: 1740: 1683: 1622: 1440: 1289: 1170: 1101: 1073: 910: 707: 692: 688: 624: 295: 124: 5410:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. p. 244. 2481:, 95% of Cambodia's Buddhist temples, was completely destroyed. 7865: 7678:

Chanda, Nayan. "China and Cambodia: In the mirror of history."

5693: 3542:. Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace. Archived from 2523: 2124: 1784: 1687: 1573: 1545: 1424: 1365: 1324: 1305: 1199: 1121: 1086: 1058: 1042: 886: 638: 628: 616: 536: 523:

during the 1st to 6th centuries. Centered at the lower Mekong,

87: 77: 6929:

Seybolt, Taylor B.; Aronson, Jay D.; Fischoff, Baruch (2013).

4798:""What and Where was Chenla?" George Coedes". Michael Vickery. 4242:"Khmer Ceramics by Dawn Rooney – The language of Funan was..." 3750: 2498: 2412: 1730:

under joint suzerainty, having lost its national sovereignty.

1510:, built in a period of 37 years, its five towers representing 873: 8443: 7779:

Selective Mortality During the Khmer Rouge Period in Cambodia

5482: 5095: 3328:. Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology University of Oxford 3010: 2539: 1744: 1670:

The central reference point for the entire 15th century is a

1553: 1481: 1451: 1395:

The mainland of Southeast Asia at the end of the 13th century

1018: 929: 559: 524: 72: 2677:, dedicated to the ending of the Cambodian Civil War in 1998 1829:

Cambodia's situation at the end of the war was chaotic. The

7225:. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 31 January 1994. Archived from 6891: 6889: 1327:, one of the earliest temple mountain in Khmer architecture 937: 6006:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of International Relations: S-Z

5535:"What Caused the End of the Khmer Empire By K. Kris Hirst" 3714:

Ethnic Groups of Cambodia Vol 1: Introduction and Overview

2903:(2). Oceania Publications, University of Sydney: 128–146. 1642:

relates to concrete events manifesting the decline of the

1221:

asserts that shortly after 706 the country was split into

953: 745:

escalated, and Cambodia became increasingly involved, the

683:. A weak Khmer kingdom only encouraged the strategists in 7795:

A History Of Cambodia, 4th Edition Westview Press ( 2009)

7598:"Cambodia's new leader Hun Manet, strongman or reformer?" 7415:. Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) 5287:"GEOHYDROLOGY AND THE DECLINE OF ANGKOR by HENG L. THUNG" 3272: 2401:

In December 1978, Vietnam announced the formation of the

1522:. It was followed by a period of dynastic upheaval and a 601: 519:, a polity that encompassed the southernmost part of the 7715:

An economic history of Cambodia in the twentieth century

6886: 6144: 5075:. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. 3567: 2189:

Allegations of United States support for the Khmer Rouge

1526:

invasion that culminated in the sack of Angkor in 1177.

1072:

legend and the Khmer founding legend in which an Indian

862: 7281:""Massive irregularities": SOC charges of Voting Fraud" 1980: 1844: 1674:

intervention of some undisclosed nature at the capital

535:

in the west. By the 6th century a civilization, called

7080: 6928: 6634:"Cambodia: U.S. bombing, civil war, & Khmer Rouge" 5267:(PhD dissertation). University of California, Berkeley 5099:

Cambodian Architecture: Eighth to Thirteenth Centuries

3026:(1). University of Hawai'i-Manoa: 7–36. Archived from 2538:

On 10 January 1979, after the Vietnamese army and the

6682: 6099:

The Emergence Of Modern Southeast Asia: A New History

1774: 1607: 1147: 842:

2010 Examination of skeletal material from graves at

6497:

Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot

6484:

Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot

5129:. The Australian National University. Archived from 5017:. The Australian National University. Archived from 3741:(Westview Publishers: Boulder Colorado, 2008) p. 13. 3710: 2785: 1583:

arrived at Angkor and remained at the court of king

1556:. Further outstanding works are attributed to him – 920:

By 1986 Funan controlled the strategic coastline of

6665:"China defends its Khmer Rouge ties as trial opens" 5788:. Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu. Archived from 5041: 5039: 4116:. Bangkok: Orchid Press. p. 89. Archived from 3301:"Murder and Mayhem in Seventeenth Century Cambodia" 2940:

Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association

1348:, ruler of Land Chenla, initiates a mythical Hindu 975:In the period 2012-2013 dignitaries of the Chinese 5817:. National University of Singapore. Archived from 3630:. UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE. Archived from 2897:Archaeology & Physical Anthropology in Oceania 2179:Foreign involvement in the rise of the Khmer Rouge 1544:, he initiates his reign by striking back against 1312:in light green, plus additional surrounding states 550:ceremony to claim political legitimacy by founder 7769:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives 6579:Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda: New Perspectives 5910:Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia 5404:Marr, David G.; Milner, Anthony Crothers (1986). 2993:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 2572: 2567:United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia 2442:Some of the ethnicities in Cambodia, such as the 2205:An aerial view of bomb craters in Cambodia (2014) 8918: 5036: 3398: 2265:Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge era) (1975–79) 1902:Norodom Sihanouk and his wife in Indonesia, 1964 1045:by a Prince Gunavarman of the Kaundinya lineage. 957:The territories of Eastern Wu (in green), 262 CE 576:ends in the 14th century. Great achievements in 7717:(National University of Singapore Press, 2010). 6002: 5700:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4896:International Journal of Historical Archaeology 3268: 3266: 2430:Monument contains more than 5,000 human skulls. 1263:. Its legacy was its most important sovereign, 1169:Chenla-era statue of Buddha found at Binh Hoa, 780: 515:first appear in Chinese annals in reference to 6346:(Henry Holt & Co.: New York, 2004) p. 204. 6303:(Henry Holt & Co.: New York, 2004) p. 195. 5256: 5254: 4862:"What and Where was Chenla?". Michael Vickery. 4003:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 3574:. University of California Press. p. 31. 2403:Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation 2363:Within the CPK, the Paris-educated leadership— 1300:Map of South-east Asia c. 900 CE, showing the 1057:Statue of Bodhisattva Lokeshvara excavated in 983:culture. Trade with China had begun after the 753:which by 1975, ended with the takeover by the 733:, that coincided with the investiture of king 8525: 7815: 7435:"Accused Persons – Cambodia Tribunal Monitor" 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6255:(6th ed.). The Houghton Mifflin Company/ 6102:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 117–. 5485:. Michael Vickery’s Publications. 1 June 2004 5378:. National Academy of Science. Archived from 1587:until July 1297. He wrote a detailed report, 1408:(1080 to 1107), which originated west of the 481: 7722:Cambodia: From Pol Pot to Hun Sen and Beyond 7358: 7356: 7254:. International Crisis Group. Archived from 6759: 6576: 6378:. Routledge. pp. 189–90. Archived from 6009:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1653. 5975: 5906: 5148: 3899:(328). Cambridge University Press: 441–458. 3263: 2894: 2867:"Cambodian History: Searching for the Truth" 2255:Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea 2067:While visiting Beijing in 1970 Sihanouk was 1506:. Suryavarman II commissioned the temple of 1068:Funan is associated with myths, such as the 7087:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 68. 6786: 6556:The Rise and Demise of Democratic Kampuchea 6410:. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 179–80. 6138: 5407:Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th Centuries 5251: 3731: 3405:. Cambridge University Press. p. 100. 3349: 3006: 3004: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2499:Vietnamese occupation and the PRK (1979–93) 2413:Destruction and deaths caused by the regime 8532: 8518: 7822: 7808: 7362: 6619: 5403: 4836:. The Annenberg Foundation. Archived from 4750:. The Annenberg Foundation. Archived from 4604:. The Annenberg Foundation. Archived from 4151:. The Annenberg Foundation. Archived from 3754:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 3752:context (Cambodia, Battambang province)". 2606:. Please do not remove this message until 1340:and eventually incorporated into Java and 1274: 488: 474: 7353: 6957: 6895: 6662: 6577:Cook, Susan E.; Mosyakov, Dmitri (2017). 6173:Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia 6089: 5844:"THE ABRIDGED ROYAL CHRONICLE OF AYUDHYA" 5729: 5719: 5607: 3904: 3353:Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500-2000 3279:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 147. 2959: 2626:Learn how and when to remove this message 2315:Learn how and when to remove this message 2045:Learn how and when to remove this message 6312: 6239:(Stanford University Press. 1999). p. 44 5154: 5096:Jacques Dumarçay; Pascal Royère (2001). 4079:. Wintermeier collection. Archived from 3447: 3303:. Institute of Historical Research (IHR) 3121:(1). Cambridge University Press: 21–30. 3001: 2915: 2864: 2669: 2643: 2602:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2522: 2452: 2422: 2343: 2332: 2200: 2151: 2129: 2098: 2056: 1897: 1885: 1697: 1628: 1617: 1528: 1390: 1319: 1295: 1284: 965:Roman trade with India according to the 960: 952: 872: 706:escaped colonisation as a buffer state, 7223:"CAMBODIA HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1993" 7061: 6849: 6813: 6601:Bezlova, Antoaneta (21 February 2009). 6447: 6403: 5353:. The Great Khmer Empire. December 2011 5073:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia 4272:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3688:. Sandbox Networks, Inc. Archived from 3402:The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia 3276:Patriots and Tyrants: Ten Asian Leaders 3112: 1702:1780 map of Cambodia and Southeast Asia 1378:(889–900), who established the capital 749:resulted in 1970. Another result was a 14: 8919: 6855: 6694: 6372:Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction 6306: 5260: 5067: 5061: 4572:. Government of Odisha. Archived from 4515:. Government of Odisha. Archived from 4458:. University of Hawaii. Archived from 4265: 3887: 3480: 2690:'s (son of Norodom Sihanouk) royalist 1259:, in the modern day Cambodian city of 985:southward expansion of the Han Dynasty 877:Map of Funan at around the 3rd century 757:. Cambodia endured its darkest hour – 8513: 7829: 7803: 7652: 7595: 6979: 6790:The Worst World Disasters of All Time 6688: 6368: 6212:Vietnam at War: The History 1946–1975 6148:Cambodia: A Shattered Society - p. 30 5982:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 24. 4935:. Library of Congress. Archived from 4893: 4325:. Library of Congress. Archived from 4101: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3963:Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. 3345: 3343: 3243: 3241: 2930: 2661:UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia 2209:The relationship between the massive 1579:In August 1296, the Chinese diplomat 1198:contains records that a state called 932:had commenced well before 500 BCE as 863:Funan Kingdom (1st century – 550/627) 7631:U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets 6807: 6714:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim240100033 6603:"China haunted by Khmer Rouge links" 6095: 5155:Sengupta, Arputha Rani, ed. (2005). 4042: 3481:LePoer, Barbara Leitch, ed. (1987). 3273:Ross Marlay; Clark D. Neher (1999). 2576: 2297:adding citations to reliable sources 2268: 2027:adding citations to reliable sources 1998: 1981:Khmer Republic and the War (1970–75) 1845:Administration of Sihanouk (1953–70) 1374:(877–889) and his son and successor 812:Franco-Cambodian Prehistoric Mission 8539: 7655:Pol Pot: The History of a Nightmare 7576: 6763:Pol Pot: The History of a Nightmare 6663:Blanchard, Ben (17 February 2009). 6248: 6077:from the original on 9 October 2022 6061:"London Company's Envoys Plot Siam" 6029: 5888:from the original on 9 October 2022 5856:from the original on 9 October 2022 5331:from the original on 9 October 2022 5207:from the original on 9 October 2022 4725:from the original on 9 October 2022 4668:from the original on 9 October 2022 3869:from the original on 9 October 2022 3800:from the original on 9 October 2022 3666:from the original on 9 October 2022 3608:from the original on 9 October 2022 3226:from the original on 9 October 2022 2835:List of prime ministers of Cambodia 2103:Norodom Sihanouk and his wife with 1710:, via which the first contact with 995:, that eventually ended in distant 24: 7672: 7155:. Phnom Penh Post. 6 November 1992 6766:. John Murray Press. p. 435. 6151:. University of California Press. 5979:A Short History of South-East Asia 4011: 3448:Smithies, Michael (8 March 2010). 3340: 3238: 2107:and his wife Elena Ceauşescu, 1974 1775:French colonial period (1863–1953) 1712:European explorers and adventurers 1608:Cambodia Middle Period (1431–1863) 1572:, in particular the royal road to 1443:to the empires' eventual decline. 1148:Chenla Kingdom (6th century – 802) 25: 8938: 7728: 7636:United States Department of State 6739:. ABC-CLIO. 1999. pp. 132–. 6736:Encyclopedia of Genocide: Vol. 1- 6145:Marie Alexandrine Martin (1994). 5759:. Michael Vickery. Archived from 5668:. Studies of Asia. Archived from 5588:. Studies Of Asia. Archived from 5232:. Studies Of Asia. Archived from 4269:A History of Chinese Civilization 4057:. pp. 4, 6, 20, 22, 59, 69. 3568:Marie Alexandrine Martin (1994). 3249:"Kingdom of Cambodia – 1431–1863" 2700:Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party 2557:began in Paris in 1989 under the 1960:, and Saloth Sar (later known as 8900: 8891: 8890: 8384:Courtship, marriage, and divorce 7961: 7774:Cambodia under Sihanouk, 1954–70 7623: This article incorporates 7618: 7596:Petty, Martin (22 August 2023). 7589: 7570: 7552: 7527: 7501: 7475: 7449: 7427: 7405: 7393:. Hartford-hwp.com. 11 July 1997 7383: 7334:. OHCHR Cambodia. Archived from 7321: 7299: 7273: 7241: 7215: 7203:from the original on 28 May 2011 7189: 7167: 7145: 7123: 7101: 7074: 7044: 7031: 7022: 6997: 6951: 6922: 6780: 6753: 6727: 6656: 6595: 6570: 6561: 6548: 6535: 6521:Rodman, Peter (23 August 2007). 6515: 6502: 6489: 6473: 6441: 6424: 6397: 6362: 6349: 6336: 6293: 6279: 6266: 6242: 6229: 6217: 6204: 6190: 6177: 6165: 6116: 6053: 6023: 5996: 5969: 5952: 5927: 5900: 5868: 5836: 5804: 4636:. Michael Vickery’s Publications 4547:. Michael Vickery’s Publications 4490:. Michael Vickery’s Publications 4032: 3888:Domett, K. M. (2 January 2015). 3062:. Michael Vickery’s Publications 2788: 2581: 2479:Cambodia's historic architecture 2273: 2003: 1797: 1783: 1625:, the former capital of Cambodia 1466: 1450: 1177: 1162: 1050: 1010: 839:Southeast Asia to these people. 830:Skulls and human bones found at 527:is noted as the oldest regional 457: 53: 7881:French protectorate of Cambodia 7081:Nassrine De Rham-Azimi (1995). 6787:Kevin Baker (3 November 2014). 6567:Shawcross, pp. 92–100, 106–112. 6357:Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare 6344:Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare 6301:Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare 6274:Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare 5778: 5746: 5687: 5655: 5633: 5575: 5553: 5527: 5497: 5475: 5450: 5424: 5397: 5365: 5343: 5311: 5279: 5219: 5187: 5116: 5089: 5071:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). 5004: 4979: 4954: 4922: 4887: 4855: 4823: 4791: 4769: 4737: 4705: 4680: 4648: 4623: 4591: 4559: 4534: 4502: 4477: 4445: 4423: 4401: 4369: 4344: 4312: 4290: 4259: 4234: 4202: 4170: 4138: 4095: 4069: 3953: 3929:"Art and Archaeology of Fu-Nan" 3921: 3881: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3821: 3812: 3780: 3744: 3704: 3678: 3646: 3620: 3601:. DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE. 3588: 3561: 3529: 3504: 3474: 3441: 3419: 3392: 3370: 3315: 3293: 3206: 3087:. Khmer Studies. Archived from 2815:History of Buddhism in Cambodia 2805:Cambodian monarchs' family tree 2742:2018 Cambodian general election 2284:needs additional citations for 2123:, and National Assembly leader 2014:needs additional citations for 1861:Japanese occupation of Cambodia 1855:Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970) 1851:Japanese occupation of Cambodia 1813:French Protectorate of Cambodia 8858:British Indian Ocean Territory 7938:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998) 7933:People's Republic of Kampuchea 7765:History of Cambodian Civil War 7745:at the United Nations Archives 7646: 6960:Forced Migration and Mortality 6898:Forced Migration and Mortality 6760:Philip Short (25 April 2013). 6558:, Westview Press, 1984, p. 97. 5913:. Silkworm Books. p. 10. 5563:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 5511:. 13 June 2004. Archived from 5261:Lowman, Ian Nathaniel (2011). 4992:. Michael Vickery publications 4357:. Oxford University Press 1984 4247:. Oxford University Press 1984 4112:. In Khoo, James C. M. (ed.). 4043:Ross, Russell R., ed. (1990). 3356:. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. 3181: 3149: 3106: 3074: 3049: 2888: 2858: 2748:also enacted tighter curbs on 2738:Cambodia National Rescue Party 2640:Modern Cambodia (1990–present) 2573:Modern Cambodia (1993–present) 2544:People's Republic of Kampuchea 2515:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998) 2505:People's Republic of Kampuchea 2490:People's Republic of Kampuchea 2173:collapse of the Khmer Republic 2071:led by Prime Minister General 1662:'s reign. According to author 999:are corroborated by Roman and 767:People's Republic of Kampuchea 315:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998) 286:People's Republic of Kampuchea 13: 1: 6616:. Retrieved 21 February 2009. 6252:Encyclopedia of World History 5962:, no. 1/2, 1962, pp. 35–61. 5161:. National Museum Institute. 4661:. Bond University Australia. 4114:Art and Archaeology of Fu Nan 3711:Joachim Schliesinger (2015). 3571:Cambodia: A Shattered Society 2954:(inactive 7 September 2024). 2865:Chandler, David (July 2009). 2851: 2684:Party of Democratic Kampuchea 2531:at the former head office in 2519:Cambodian humanitarian crisis 739:Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–70) 710:was to be the focal point of 381:Cambodian–Thai border dispute 7069:Country Profile of Cambodia. 6237:Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia 5200:. University of Washington. 3774:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.06.008 2840:Military history of Cambodia 2810:Economic history of Cambodia 2350:Communist Party of Kampuchea 1859:On 9 March 1945, during the 1708:Asian maritime trade network 1552:with its central temple the 1502:and large areas of northern 781:Prehistory and early history 659:traditional neighbours, the 7: 7437:. Cambodia Tribunal Monitor 7413:"About ECCC – INTRODUCTION" 6831:10.1080/1467271032000147041 6793:. eBookIt.com. p. 23. 5617:. KHMER GEO. Archived from 5537:. About com. Archived from 5509:The San Diego Union-Tribune 3971:(inactive 7 September 2024) 3450:"The great Lao buffer zone" 2781: 2740:was dissolved ahead of the 2608:conditions to do so are met 2546:(PRK) was established with 1753:their Latin American troops 1194:The History of the Chinese 721:After 80 years of colonial 326:United Nations Transitional 320:1991 Paris Peace Agreements 291:exiled coalition government 10: 8943: 7363:Brad Adams (31 May 2012). 7329:"Constitution of Cambodia" 7041:(Praeger, 2005), pp24, 27. 6859:European Review of History 5643:. Phys org. 3 January 2012 3193:World History Encyclopedia 2682:UNTAC. The Khmer Rouge or 2637: 2512: 2502: 2459:Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum 2416: 2326: 2182: 1984: 1867:proclaimed an independent 1848: 1810: 1611: 1600:Parameshwara (1327–1336). 1278: 1151: 1029:, Vietnam. The text is in 946: 866: 806:confirmed the presence of 784: 761:and the long aftermath of 679:as the key to control all 8886: 8845: 8805: 8547: 8471: 8354: 8254: 8245: 8165: 8156: 8067: 8058: 7979: 7970: 7959: 7841: 7755:Background Note: Cambodia 7705:Short History of Cambodia 7459:. seasite. Archived from 7283:. SEAsite. Archived from 7071:. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 6872:10.1080/13507480500047811 6525:. Brookings Institution. 6249:Stearns, Peter N. (ed.). 6039:. ABC-CLIO. p. 566. 5292:. Khamkoo. Archived from 4382:. Khamkoo. Archived from 4183:. Khamkoo. Archived from 4051:Federal Research Division 4046:Cambodia: a country study 3906:10.1017/S0003598X00067867 3717:. Booksmango. p. 1. 3487:Thailand: A Country Study 3399:Nicholas Tarling (1999). 3127:10.1017/S0035869X00130400 2952:10.7152/bippa.v26i0.11998 2931:Stark, Miriam T. (2006). 2871:Cambodia Tribunal Monitor 2830:List of kings of Cambodia 2069:ousted by a military coup 1924:National Liberation Front 1804:French colonial expansion 787:Early history of Cambodia 655:By the 15th century, the 197:Independence and conflict 155:Nguyễn Kingdom's invasion 8607:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 7984:Administrative divisions 7928:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 7760:Summary of UNTAC mission 7749:Constitution of Cambodia 7067:US Department of State. 7039:After the Killing Fields 6964:National Academies Press 6902:National Academies Press 6529:10 November 2011 at the 6508:Chandler, David (2005). 6495:Chandler, David (2000). 6096:Owen, Norman G. (2005). 6003:Cathal J. Nolan (2002). 5324:. University of Sydney. 4266:Gernet, Jacques (1996). 3969:10.7152/bippa.v30i0.9966 3429:. University of Michigan 2746:Cambodian People's Party 2696:Cambodian People's Party 2509:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 2259:Chinese Foreign Ministry 1743:/Lucoes (Filipinos from 1336:and the Javanese of the 1271:, naming it Ishanapura. 968:Periplus Maris Erythraei 836:Kampong Chhnang Province 619:and Tonle Sap rivers at 281:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 8868:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7741:3 December 2020 at the 7698:The history of Cambodia 7657:. London: John Murray. 7457:"Landmines in Cambodia" 6935:Oxford University Press 6523:"Returning to Cambodia" 5966:Retrieved 23 Oct. 2023. 5721:10.1073/pnas.0910827107 5561:"THE DECLINE OF ANGKOR" 4908:10.1023/A:1027368225043 4718:. Stanford University. 1722:established trade with 1590:The Customs of Cambodia 1504:maritime Southeast Asia 1275:Khmer Empire (802–1431) 1079:Cambodian royal dynasty 725:, the brief episode of 8218:Special Economic Zones 8213:Science and technology 7653:Short, Philip (2004). 7625:public domain material 7367:10,000 Days of Hun Sen 7133:. AKP. 23 October 2014 6819:Critical Asian Studies 6706:The SHAFR Guide Online 6638:World Peace Foundation 6608:18 August 2016 at the 6404:Grandin, Greg (2015). 5940:. University of Oxford 5102:. BRILL. p. 109. 3992:Cite journal requires 2678: 2659:On 16 March 1992, the 2652: 2535: 2462: 2431: 2352: 2341: 2206: 2197:Operation Freedom Deal 2164: 2141: 2108: 2064: 1913:1954 Geneva Conference 1903: 1895: 1703: 1696: 1638: 1626: 1537: 1396: 1328: 1313: 1293: 1141: 972: 958: 878: 7720:Strangio, Sebastian. 7687:A history of Cambodia 7010:. Max-Planck-Institut 6457:Yale University Press 6210:Davidson, Phillip B. 6185:A History of Cambodia 5976:Peter Church (2012). 5907:Anthony Reid (2000). 3739:A History of Cambodia 3517:. Max-Planck-Institut 2673: 2647: 2526: 2456: 2426: 2347: 2336: 2204: 2183:Further information: 2155: 2133: 2102: 2060: 1911:. As a result of the 1901: 1889: 1701: 1692: 1632: 1621: 1532: 1404:– its first king was 1402:Mahidharapura dynasty 1394: 1323: 1299: 1288: 1126: 964: 956: 876: 763:Vietnamese occupation 521:Indochinese peninsula 376:2003 Phnom Penh riots 135:Cambodian–Spanish War 130:Siamese-Cambodian War 8782:United Arab Emirates 8046:World Heritage Sites 7916:Democratic Kampuchea 6904:. pp. 102–105. 6369:Jones, Adam (2006). 5881:. The Siam Society. 5849:. The Siam Society. 4465:on 23 September 2015 4123:on 23 September 2015 4049:. Washington, D.C.: 3941:on 23 September 2015 3686:"Cambodia – History" 3483:"The Crisis of 1893" 3380:History of Ayutthaya 3350:Ben Kiernan (2008). 3219:. The Siam Society. 3033:on 23 September 2015 2971:on 23 September 2015 2845:Politics of Cambodia 2763:support for his son 2339:Democratic Kampuchea 2329:Democratic Kampuchea 2293:improve this article 2135:Sisowath Sirik Matak 2077:Sisowath Sirik Matak 2023:improve this article 1995:Democratic Kampuchea 1869:Kingdom of Kampuchea 1821:In August 1863 King 1769:Norodom Prohmbarirak 1292:mounted on elephants 1219:History of the T'ang 936:hadn't yet replaced 759:Democratic Kampuchea 663:in the west and the 646:European adventurers 644:and Cham, Christian 371:Khmer Rouge Tribunal 261:Democratic Kampuchea 150:Loss of Mekong Delta 8927:History of Cambodia 8809:limited recognition 8336:Social organization 7886:Japanese occupation 7713:Slocomb, Margaret. 7680:Asia Pacific Review 7463:on 28 November 2017 7229:on 9 September 2016 6545:, Free Press, 1999. 6224:The Washington Post 6183:David P. Chandler, 5766:on 14 February 2015 5712:2010PNAS..107.6748B 5515:on 24 December 2013 4779:. Facts and Details 4055:Library of Congress 3766:2015JArSR...3..194F 3692:on 12 February 2017 3659:. Yale University. 3634:on 3 September 2016 3549:on 25 February 2021 3491:Library of Congress 2595:of this section is 2396:Sino-Vietnamese War 2161:Cambodian Civil War 2114:Cambodian Incursion 1987:Cambodian Civil War 1791:Norodom of Cambodia 1533:Portrait statue of 1100:and as far west as 800:Battambang Province 727:Japanese occupation 673:Annamese/Vietnamese 502:history of Cambodia 464:Cambodia portal 419:Humanitarian crisis 342:Khmer Rouge PGNUNSC 247:Cambodian Civil War 184:Japanese occupation 172:French protectorate 140:Cambodian–Dutch War 8223:Telecommunications 7921:Cambodian genocide 7876:Post-Angkor period 7696:Corfield, Justin. 7487:Human Rights Watch 6986:The New York Times 6510:Cambodia 1884–1975 6459:. pp. 16–19. 6432:Vietnam Generation 6322:. Pantheon Books. 6235:Stephen J. Morris 6226:, 29 December 1967 5175:on 9 December 2012 5136:on 9 February 2015 5047:"Chenla – 550–800" 3793:. World Heritage. 3020:Asian Perspectives 2679: 2653: 2536: 2463: 2432: 2419:Cambodian genocide 2360:a banking system. 2353: 2342: 2207: 2185:Cambodian campaign 2165: 2142: 2109: 2065: 1904: 1896: 1839:civilizing mission 1720:East India Company 1704: 1639: 1627: 1614:Post-Angkor Period 1538: 1516:Khmer architecture 1397: 1329: 1314: 1294: 1027:Đồng Tháp Province 989:Maritime Silk Road 973: 959: 928:route. Trade with 926:Indian Ocean trade 879: 825:Maritime Jade Road 792:Radiocarbon dating 677:lower Mekong basin 609:Post-Angkor Period 386:2013–2014 protests 274:Cambodian genocide 252:Fall of Phnom Penh 221:Cambodian campaign 110:Post-Angkor period 98:Đại Việt–Khmer War 8914: 8913: 8851:other territories 8507: 8506: 8467: 8466: 8301:Human trafficking 8241: 8240: 8200:Natural resources 8152: 8151: 8139:Political parties 8082:Foreign relations 8054: 8053: 7943:State of Cambodia 7793:David Chandler - 7753:State Department 7700:(ABC-CLIO, 2009). 7685:Chandler, David. 7682:9.2 (2002): 1–11. 7583:www.aljazeera.com 7564:www.aljazeera.com 7489:. 2 November 2020 7094:978-90-411-0886-9 6981:Hersh, Seymour M. 6973:978-0-309-07334-9 6746:978-0-87436-928-1 6554:Etcheson, Craig, 6314:Sihanouk, Norodom 6158:978-0-520-07052-3 6109:978-0-8248-2890-5 6046:978-1-57607-770-2 6016:978-0-313-32383-6 5989:978-1-118-35044-7 5920:978-1-63041-481-8 5706:(15): 6748–6752. 5541:on 1 January 2017 5463:. 14 January 2015 5417:978-9971-988-39-5 5109:978-90-04-11346-6 5082:978-0-8248-0368-1 5049:. Global Security 4967:. Michael Vickery 4875:Missing or empty 4843:on 9 January 2016 4811:Missing or empty 4757:on 9 January 2016 4693:. Michael Vickery 4611:on 9 January 2016 4433:. Global Security 4300:. Global Security 4283:978-0-521-49781-7 4222:on 9 January 2016 4158:on 9 January 2016 3724:978-1-63323-232-7 3581:978-0-520-07052-3 3412:978-0-521-66370-0 3363:978-0-522-85477-0 3286:978-0-8476-8442-7 2776:Candlelight Party 2708:Norodom Ranariddh 2636: 2635: 2628: 2559:State of Cambodia 2325: 2324: 2317: 2245:William Shawcross 2231:David P. Chandler 2215:Michael Ignatieff 2159:in 1973 amid the 2105:Nicolae Ceauşescu 2055: 2054: 2047: 1835:Charles de Gaulle 1542:Mahayana Buddhist 1410:Dângrêk Mountains 1338:Shailandra Empire 907:An Giang Province 716:Indochinese Union 700:European colonial 498: 497: 391:COVID-19 pandemic 206:Post-independence 18:Cambodian history 16:(Redirected from 8934: 8904: 8894: 8893: 8863:Christmas Island 8549:Sovereign states 8534: 8527: 8520: 8511: 8510: 8487: 8480: 8252: 8251: 8208: 8190:Economic history 8163: 8162: 8065: 8064: 7977: 7976: 7965: 7901: 7824: 7817: 7810: 7801: 7800: 7703:Herz, Martin F. 7668: 7639: 7622: 7621: 7606: 7605: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7453: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7360: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7340: 7333: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7309:. GlobalSecurity 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7260: 7253: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7177:. United Nations 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7111:. United Nations 7105: 7099: 7098: 7078: 7072: 7065: 7059: 7048: 7042: 7037:Craig Etcheson, 7035: 7029: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7009: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6977: 6955: 6949: 6948: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6893: 6884: 6883: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6647: 6645: 6630: 6617: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6574: 6568: 6565: 6559: 6552: 6546: 6539: 6533: 6519: 6513: 6506: 6500: 6493: 6487: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6445: 6439: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6385:on 5 August 2019 6384: 6377: 6366: 6360: 6353: 6347: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6310: 6304: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6283: 6277: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6246: 6240: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6194: 6188: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6076: 6068:Siamese Heritage 6065: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5973: 5967: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5939: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5887: 5880: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5848: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5823: 5816: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5765: 5758: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5733: 5723: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5674: 5667: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5587: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5384: 5377: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5330: 5323: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5298: 5291: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5258: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5238: 5231: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5206: 5199: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5171:. Archived from 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5135: 5128: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5043: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5023: 5016: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4991: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4966: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4942:on 4 August 2020 4941: 4934: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4878: 4873: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4842: 4835: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4814: 4809: 4807: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4692: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4667: 4660: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4635: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4610: 4603: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4578: 4571: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4546: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4521: 4514: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4489: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4464: 4457: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4388: 4381: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4356: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4332:on 4 August 2020 4331: 4324: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4274:126–127, 196–197 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4246: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4221: 4215:. Archived from 4214: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4189: 4182: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4157: 4150: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4122: 4111: 4103:Stark, Miriam T. 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4009: 4008: 4001: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3940: 3933: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3908: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3868: 3862:. Project MUSE. 3861: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3748: 3742: 3737:David Chandler, 3735: 3729: 3728: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3665: 3658: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3607: 3600: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3548: 3541: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3516: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3458:. Archived from 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3327: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3251:. GlobalSecurity 3245: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3225: 3218: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3093: 3086: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3061: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3040: 3038: 3032: 3017: 3008: 2999: 2998: 2992: 2984: 2978: 2976: 2970: 2964:. Archived from 2963: 2937: 2928: 2913: 2912: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2878: 2862: 2798: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2759:in the country. 2688:Prince Ranariddh 2675:Win-Win Memorial 2650:Norodom Sihamoni 2631: 2624: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2585: 2584: 2577: 2398:over the issue. 2320: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2277: 2269: 2050: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2030: 2007: 1999: 1892:Norodom Sihanouk 1865:Norodom Sihanouk 1833:, under General 1817:French Indochina 1801: 1787: 1655:Royal Chronology 1500:Gulf of Thailand 1470: 1454: 1334:Srivijaya Empire 1242: 1231: 1181: 1166: 1054: 1035:Grantha alphabet 1014: 971:, 1st century CE 883:Kingdom of Funan 869:Kingdom of Funan 574:royal chronology 490: 483: 476: 462: 461: 460: 424:Military history 414:Economic history 331: 330:(UNTAC, 1992–93) 188:Cambodia in 1945 177:French Indochina 57: 47: 29: 28: 21: 8942: 8941: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8932: 8931: 8917: 8916: 8915: 8910: 8882: 8850: 8841: 8822:Northern Cyprus 8808: 8801: 8543: 8541:History of Asia 8538: 8508: 8503: 8490: 8483: 8476: 8463: 8449:Public holidays 8350: 8326:Sex trafficking 8237: 8206: 8148: 8114:Law enforcement 8050: 8031:Protected areas 7966: 7957: 7953:Modern Cambodia 7899: 7837: 7828: 7743:Wayback Machine 7731: 7689:(4th ed. 2009) 7675: 7673:Further reading 7665: 7649: 7628: 7619: 7610: 7609: 7594: 7590: 7575: 7571: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7455: 7454: 7450: 7440: 7438: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7411: 7410: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7389: 7388: 7384: 7374: 7372: 7361: 7354: 7344: 7342: 7341:on 4 March 2016 7338: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7287:on 4 March 2016 7279: 7278: 7274: 7264: 7262: 7261:on 4 March 2016 7258: 7251: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7232: 7230: 7221: 7220: 7216: 7206: 7204: 7199:. 28 May 2011. 7195: 7194: 7190: 7180: 7178: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7079: 7075: 7066: 7062: 7049: 7045: 7036: 7032: 7027: 7023: 7013: 7011: 7007: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6974: 6966:. p. 124. 6956: 6952: 6945: 6937:. p. 238. 6927: 6923: 6912: 6894: 6887: 6854: 6850: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6785: 6781: 6774: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6687: 6683: 6673: 6671: 6661: 6657: 6643: 6641: 6640:. 7 August 2015 6632: 6631: 6620: 6610:Wayback Machine 6600: 6596: 6589: 6575: 6571: 6566: 6562: 6553: 6549: 6541:Lind, Michael, 6540: 6536: 6531:Wayback Machine 6520: 6516: 6507: 6503: 6494: 6490: 6480:Chandler, David 6478: 6474: 6467: 6446: 6442: 6429: 6425: 6418: 6402: 6398: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6375: 6367: 6363: 6354: 6350: 6341: 6337: 6330: 6311: 6307: 6298: 6294: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6271: 6267: 6247: 6243: 6234: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6209: 6205: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6187:, Silkworm 1993 6182: 6178: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6094: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6074: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6054: 6047: 6028: 6024: 6017: 6001: 5997: 5990: 5974: 5970: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5905: 5901: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5837: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5795: 5793: 5792:on 22 June 2015 5784: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5763: 5756: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5675:on 20 June 2020 5672: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5621:on 14 June 2015 5613: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5596: 5595:on 20 June 2020 5592: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5566: 5564: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5438:on 15 June 2015 5430: 5429: 5425: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5385:on 20 June 2020 5382: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5299:on 29 June 2016 5296: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5259: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5239:on 20 June 2020 5236: 5229: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5210: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5037: 5027: 5025: 5024:on 14 July 2015 5021: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4923: 4892: 4888: 4876: 4874: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4840: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4812: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4579:on 13 July 2015 4576: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4523: 4522:on 13 July 2015 4519: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4411:Kenneth R. Hall 4407: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4389:on 4 March 2016 4386: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4190:on 4 March 2016 4187: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4109: 4100: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4083:on 13 July 2015 4075: 4074: 4070: 4033: 4031: 4012: 4002: 3993: 3991: 3982: 3981: 3974: 3972: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3886: 3882: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3749: 3745: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3635: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3463: 3462:on 2 April 2015 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3381: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3348: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3271: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3239: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3169:on 20 June 2020 3166: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3015: 3009: 3002: 2986: 2985: 2974: 2972: 2968: 2935: 2929: 2916: 2893: 2889: 2876: 2874: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2820:History of Asia 2796:Cambodia portal 2794: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2744:and the ruling 2642: 2632: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2601: 2586: 2582: 2575: 2529:Salvation Front 2521: 2511: 2503:Main articles: 2501: 2421: 2415: 2331: 2321: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2290: 2278: 2267: 2199: 2181: 2137:with President 2051: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2020: 2008: 1997: 1985:Main articles: 1983: 1941:Washington Post 1857: 1849:Main articles: 1847: 1819: 1811:Main articles: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1777: 1664:Michael Vickery 1616: 1610: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1478:Avalokiteshvara 1471: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1283: 1277: 1269:Sambor Prei Kuk 1236: 1225: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1182: 1174: 1173: 1167: 1156: 1150: 1114:Miriam T. Stark 1066: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1055: 1047: 1046: 1039:Pallava dynasty 1015: 951: 871: 865: 789: 783: 775:Modern Cambodia 743:Indochinese war 712:French colonial 504:, a country in 494: 458: 456: 438: 395: 351:Modern Cambodia 333: 329: 327: 302: 164:Colonial period 159: 104: 93:Khmer–Cham wars 45: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8940: 8930: 8929: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8898: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8854: 8852: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8813: 8811: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8545: 8544: 8537: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8514: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8501: 8496: 8489: 8488: 8481: 8473: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8360: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8235: 8233:Transportation 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8144:Prime Minister 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8027: 8026: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7999:Climate change 7996: 7991: 7986: 7980: 7974: 7968: 7967: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7924: 7923: 7913: 7908: 7906:Khmer Republic 7903: 7895: 7894: 7893: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7847: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7827: 7826: 7819: 7812: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7746: 7730: 7729:External links 7727: 7726: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7701: 7694: 7683: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7664:978-0719565694 7663: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7608: 7607: 7588: 7569: 7551: 7526: 7515:. 29 July 2018 7500: 7474: 7448: 7426: 7404: 7382: 7365:"Adams, Brad, 7352: 7320: 7298: 7272: 7240: 7214: 7188: 7166: 7144: 7122: 7100: 7093: 7073: 7060: 7043: 7030: 7021: 6996: 6972: 6950: 6943: 6921: 6910: 6885: 6866:(1): 121–143. 6848: 6825:(4): 585–597. 6806: 6799: 6779: 6772: 6752: 6745: 6726: 6693: 6691:, p. 326. 6681: 6655: 6618: 6594: 6588:978-1351517775 6587: 6569: 6560: 6547: 6534: 6514: 6501: 6488: 6472: 6465: 6440: 6423: 6417:978-1627794503 6416: 6396: 6361: 6355:Philip Short, 6348: 6342:Philip Short, 6335: 6329:978-0394485430 6328: 6305: 6299:Philip Short, 6292: 6278: 6272:Philip Short, 6265: 6241: 6228: 6216: 6214:. 1988. P. 593 6203: 6189: 6176: 6164: 6157: 6137: 6115: 6108: 6088: 6052: 6045: 6022: 6015: 5995: 5988: 5968: 5951: 5926: 5919: 5899: 5867: 5835: 5824:on 1 July 2015 5803: 5777: 5745: 5686: 5654: 5632: 5606: 5574: 5552: 5526: 5496: 5474: 5449: 5423: 5416: 5396: 5364: 5342: 5310: 5278: 5250: 5218: 5186: 5168:978-8189233266 5167: 5147: 5115: 5108: 5088: 5081: 5069:Coedès, George 5060: 5035: 5003: 4978: 4953: 4921: 4902:(3): 175–203. 4886: 4854: 4822: 4790: 4768: 4736: 4704: 4679: 4647: 4622: 4590: 4558: 4533: 4501: 4476: 4444: 4422: 4400: 4368: 4343: 4311: 4289: 4282: 4258: 4233: 4201: 4169: 4137: 4094: 4068: 4010: 3994:|journal= 3952: 3920: 3880: 3848: 3839: 3830: 3820: 3811: 3779: 3743: 3730: 3723: 3703: 3677: 3645: 3619: 3587: 3580: 3560: 3528: 3503: 3473: 3440: 3418: 3411: 3391: 3369: 3362: 3339: 3314: 3292: 3285: 3262: 3237: 3205: 3189:"Khmer Empire" 3180: 3148: 3105: 3094:on 24 May 2015 3073: 3048: 3000: 2914: 2887: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2783: 2780: 2757:one-party rule 2665:Yasushi Akashi 2638:Main article: 2634: 2633: 2589: 2587: 2580: 2574: 2571: 2563:United Nations 2527:Emblem of the 2500: 2497: 2417:Main article: 2414: 2411: 2405:(KUFNS) under 2327:Main article: 2323: 2322: 2281: 2279: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2211:carpet bombing 2193:Operation Menu 2180: 2177: 2053: 2052: 2011: 2009: 2002: 1991:Khmer Republic 1982: 1979: 1964:), who led an 1946:Chester Bowles 1890:Coronation of 1877:Khmer language 1846: 1843: 1803: 1796: 1795: 1789: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1755:imported from 1660:Jayavarman VII 1612:Main article: 1609: 1606: 1535:Jayavarman VII 1492:Suryavarman II 1472: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1456: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1439:and resulting 1433:infrastructure 1308:in yellow and 1279:Main article: 1276: 1273: 1183: 1176: 1175: 1168: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1154:Chenla Kingdom 1152:Main article: 1149: 1146: 1104:. A system of 1056: 1049: 1048: 1016: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 949:Chenla Kingdom 947:Main article: 899:Takeo Province 867:Main article: 864: 861: 856:Southeast Asia 785:Main article: 782: 779: 747:Khmer Republic 635:Maritime trade 613:monument sites 598:urban planning 578:administration 509:Southeast Asia 496: 495: 493: 492: 485: 478: 470: 467: 466: 453: 452: 451: 450: 440: 439: 437: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 405: 402: 401: 397: 396: 394: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 357: 354: 353: 347: 346: 345: 344: 339: 334: 324: 322: 317: 309: 308: 304: 303: 301: 300: 299: 298: 293: 283: 278: 277: 276: 271: 257: 256: 255: 254: 244: 243: 242: 235:Khmer Republic 231: 230: 229: 228: 223: 218: 216:Sihanouk Trail 213: 202: 199: 198: 194: 193: 192: 191: 181: 180: 179: 166: 165: 161: 160: 158: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 116: 113: 112: 106: 105: 103: 102: 101: 100: 95: 90: 80: 75: 69: 66: 65: 59: 58: 50: 49: 40: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8939: 8928: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8897: 8889: 8888: 8885: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8848: 8844: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8832:South Ossetia 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8535: 8530: 8528: 8523: 8521: 8516: 8515: 8512: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8486: 8482: 8479: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8444:Ornamentation 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8393:royal cuisine 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8353: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8274:Ethnic groups 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8244: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8057: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8025: 8022: 8021: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8004:Deforestation 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7969: 7964: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7898:Sihanouk era 7896: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7856:Early history 7854: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7825: 7820: 7818: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7796: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7733: 7732: 7723: 7719: 7716: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7699: 7695: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7681: 7677: 7676: 7666: 7660: 7656: 7651: 7650: 7642: 7637: 7633: 7632: 7626: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7603: 7599: 7592: 7584: 7580: 7577:Jazeera, Al. 7573: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7540: 7539:openDemocracy 7536: 7530: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7488: 7484: 7478: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7436: 7430: 7414: 7408: 7392: 7386: 7370: 7368: 7359: 7357: 7337: 7330: 7324: 7308: 7302: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7257: 7250: 7244: 7228: 7224: 7218: 7202: 7198: 7192: 7176: 7170: 7154: 7148: 7132: 7126: 7110: 7104: 7096: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7077: 7070: 7064: 7057: 7056:9781472443076 7053: 7047: 7040: 7034: 7025: 7006: 7000: 6993: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6975: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6954: 6946: 6944:9780199977314 6940: 6936: 6932: 6925: 6918: 6913: 6911:9780309073349 6907: 6903: 6899: 6892: 6890: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6860: 6852: 6845: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6810: 6802: 6800:9781456623432 6796: 6792: 6791: 6783: 6775: 6773:9781444780307 6769: 6765: 6764: 6756: 6748: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6730: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6690: 6685: 6670: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6639: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6604: 6598: 6590: 6584: 6581:. Routledge. 6580: 6573: 6564: 6557: 6551: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6511: 6505: 6498: 6492: 6485: 6481: 6476: 6468: 6466:9780300142990 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6419: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6400: 6381: 6374: 6373: 6365: 6358: 6352: 6345: 6339: 6331: 6325: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6309: 6302: 6296: 6288: 6282: 6275: 6269: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6245: 6238: 6232: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6207: 6199: 6193: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6171:Keat Gin Ooi 6168: 6160: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6141: 6125: 6119: 6111: 6105: 6101: 6100: 6092: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6056: 6048: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6031:Ooi, Keat Gin 6026: 6018: 6012: 6008: 6007: 5999: 5991: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5972: 5965: 5964:JSTOR website 5961: 5955: 5936: 5930: 5922: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5903: 5884: 5877: 5871: 5852: 5845: 5839: 5820: 5813: 5807: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5762: 5755: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5690: 5671: 5664: 5658: 5642: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5591: 5584: 5578: 5562: 5556: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5484: 5478: 5462: 5459: 5453: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5400: 5381: 5374: 5368: 5352: 5346: 5327: 5320: 5314: 5295: 5288: 5282: 5266: 5265: 5257: 5255: 5235: 5228: 5222: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5151: 5132: 5125: 5119: 5111: 5105: 5101: 5100: 5092: 5084: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5048: 5042: 5040: 5020: 5013: 5007: 4988: 4982: 4963: 4957: 4938: 4931: 4925: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4882: 4869: 4858: 4839: 4832: 4826: 4818: 4805: 4794: 4778: 4772: 4753: 4746: 4740: 4721: 4714: 4708: 4689: 4683: 4664: 4657: 4651: 4632: 4626: 4607: 4600: 4594: 4575: 4568: 4562: 4543: 4537: 4518: 4511: 4505: 4486: 4480: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4432: 4426: 4410: 4404: 4385: 4378: 4372: 4353: 4347: 4328: 4321: 4315: 4299: 4293: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4262: 4243: 4237: 4218: 4211: 4205: 4186: 4179: 4173: 4154: 4147: 4141: 4134: 4119: 4115: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4040: 4039:public domain 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4006: 3999: 3986: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3956: 3937: 3930: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3891: 3884: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3843: 3834: 3824: 3815: 3796: 3789: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3740: 3734: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3707: 3691: 3687: 3681: 3662: 3655: 3649: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3604: 3597: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3564: 3545: 3538: 3532: 3513: 3507: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3477: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3428: 3422: 3414: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3395: 3379: 3373: 3365: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3346: 3344: 3324: 3318: 3302: 3296: 3288: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3269: 3267: 3250: 3244: 3242: 3222: 3215: 3209: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3090: 3083: 3077: 3058: 3052: 3045: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3014: 3007: 3005: 2996: 2990: 2983: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2884: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2857: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2786: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2770:In July 2023 2768: 2766: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2630: 2627: 2619: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2588: 2579: 2578: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555:Peace efforts 2552: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2468: 2460: 2457:Rooms of the 2455: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2397: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2384:Khieu Samphan 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2346: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2319: 2316: 2308: 2305:November 2008 2298: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2282:This section 2280: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2203: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2169: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2147: 2140: 2139:Richard Nixon 2136: 2132: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2046: 2038: 2028: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2012:This section 2010: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1932:South Vietnam 1929: 1928:Sihanoukville 1925: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1900: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1863:, young king 1862: 1856: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1824: 1818: 1814: 1800: 1792: 1786: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1736:John Crawfurd 1733: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1716:Richard Cocks 1713: 1709: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1676:Yasodharapura 1673: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1636: 1631: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1598:Jayavarman IX 1594: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1585:Srindravarman 1582: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1570:Suryavarman I 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1469: 1459: 1453: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1437:deforestation 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406:Jayavarman VI 1403: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1381: 1380:Yasodharapura 1377: 1373: 1372:Indravarman I 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346:Jayavarman II 1343: 1339: 1335: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1252: 1250: 1249:Jayavarman II 1244: 1240: 1235: 1229: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1187: 1180: 1172: 1165: 1155: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1060: 1053: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1033:, written in 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1013: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 977:Kingdom of Wu 970: 969: 963: 955: 950: 945: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 918: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 875: 870: 860: 857: 853: 848: 845: 840: 837: 833: 828: 826: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 794:of a cave at 793: 788: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 704:Siam/Thailand 701: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 653: 651: 647: 643: 640: 636: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 564: 561: 557: 553: 552:Jayavarman II 549: 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 507: 503: 491: 486: 484: 479: 477: 472: 471: 469: 468: 465: 455: 454: 449: 448: 444: 443: 442: 441: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 406: 404: 403: 399: 398: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 358: 356: 355: 352: 349: 348: 343: 340: 338: 337:1993 election 335: 332: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 312: 311: 310: 307:Peace process 306: 305: 297: 294: 292: 289: 288: 287: 284: 282: 279: 275: 272: 270: 268: 264: 263: 262: 259: 258: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 241: 238: 237: 236: 233: 232: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 208: 207: 204: 203: 201: 200: 196: 195: 189: 185: 182: 178: 175: 174: 173: 170: 169: 168: 167: 163: 162: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 120:Chaktomuk era 118: 117: 115: 114: 111: 108: 107: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 85: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 70: 68: 67: 64: 63:Early history 61: 60: 56: 52: 51: 48: 42: 41: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 8847:Dependencies 8777:Turkmenistan 8742:Saudi Arabia 8591: 8364:Architecture 8331:Social class 8311:Prostitution 8264:Demographics 8180:Child labour 8092:Human rights 7891:Puppet state 7871:Khmer Empire 7842: 7721: 7714: 7704: 7697: 7686: 7679: 7654: 7630: 7613:Attribution: 7612: 7611: 7601: 7591: 7582: 7572: 7563: 7554: 7542:. Retrieved 7538: 7529: 7517:. Retrieved 7513:the Guardian 7512: 7503: 7491:. Retrieved 7486: 7477: 7465:. Retrieved 7461:the original 7451: 7439:. Retrieved 7429: 7417:. Retrieved 7407: 7395:. Retrieved 7385: 7373:. Retrieved 7366: 7343:. Retrieved 7336:the original 7323: 7311:. Retrieved 7301: 7289:. Retrieved 7285:the original 7275: 7263:. Retrieved 7256:the original 7243: 7231:. Retrieved 7227:the original 7217: 7205:. Retrieved 7191: 7179:. Retrieved 7169: 7157:. Retrieved 7147: 7135:. Retrieved 7125: 7113:. Retrieved 7103: 7083: 7076: 7063: 7046: 7038: 7033: 7024: 7012:. Retrieved 6999: 6990: 6984: 6959: 6953: 6930: 6924: 6915: 6897: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6842: 6822: 6818: 6815:Kiernan, Ben 6809: 6789: 6782: 6762: 6755: 6735: 6729: 6717:. Retrieved 6705: 6696: 6684: 6672:. Retrieved 6668: 6658: 6649: 6642:. Retrieved 6613: 6597: 6578: 6572: 6563: 6555: 6550: 6542: 6537: 6517: 6509: 6504: 6496: 6491: 6483: 6475: 6452: 6449:Kiernan, Ben 6443: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6406: 6399: 6387:. Retrieved 6380:the original 6371: 6364: 6356: 6351: 6343: 6338: 6318: 6308: 6300: 6295: 6281: 6273: 6268: 6260: 6257:Bartleby.com 6251: 6244: 6236: 6231: 6223: 6219: 6211: 6206: 6192: 6184: 6179: 6172: 6167: 6147: 6140: 6128:. Retrieved 6118: 6098: 6091: 6079:. Retrieved 6067: 6055: 6035: 6025: 6005: 5998: 5978: 5971: 5959: 5954: 5942:. Retrieved 5929: 5909: 5902: 5890:. Retrieved 5870: 5858:. Retrieved 5838: 5826:. Retrieved 5819:the original 5806: 5794:. Retrieved 5790:the original 5780: 5768:. Retrieved 5761:the original 5748: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5677:. Retrieved 5670:the original 5657: 5645:. Retrieved 5635: 5623:. Retrieved 5619:the original 5609: 5597:. Retrieved 5590:the original 5577: 5565:. Retrieved 5555: 5543:. Retrieved 5539:the original 5529: 5517:. Retrieved 5513:the original 5508: 5499: 5487:. Retrieved 5477: 5465:. Retrieved 5461:The Guardian 5460: 5452: 5440:. Retrieved 5436:the original 5426: 5406: 5399: 5387:. Retrieved 5380:the original 5367: 5355:. Retrieved 5345: 5333:. Retrieved 5313: 5301:. Retrieved 5294:the original 5281: 5269:. Retrieved 5263: 5241:. Retrieved 5234:the original 5221: 5209:. Retrieved 5189: 5179:14 September 5177:. Retrieved 5173:the original 5157: 5150: 5138:. Retrieved 5131:the original 5118: 5098: 5091: 5072: 5063: 5051:. Retrieved 5026:. Retrieved 5019:the original 5006: 4994:. Retrieved 4981: 4969:. Retrieved 4956: 4944:. Retrieved 4937:the original 4924: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4857: 4845:. Retrieved 4838:the original 4825: 4793: 4781:. Retrieved 4771: 4759:. Retrieved 4752:the original 4739: 4727:. Retrieved 4707: 4695:. Retrieved 4682: 4670:. Retrieved 4650: 4638:. Retrieved 4625: 4613:. Retrieved 4606:the original 4593: 4581:. Retrieved 4574:the original 4561: 4549:. Retrieved 4536: 4524:. Retrieved 4517:the original 4504: 4492:. Retrieved 4479: 4467:. Retrieved 4460:the original 4447: 4435:. Retrieved 4425: 4413:. Retrieved 4403: 4391:. Retrieved 4384:the original 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4346: 4334:. Retrieved 4327:the original 4314: 4302:. Retrieved 4292: 4268: 4261: 4249:. Retrieved 4236: 4224:. Retrieved 4217:the original 4204: 4192:. Retrieved 4185:the original 4172: 4160:. Retrieved 4153:the original 4140: 4132: 4125:. Retrieved 4118:the original 4113: 4097: 4085:. Retrieved 4081:the original 4071: 4045: 3985:cite journal 3973:. Retrieved 3955: 3943:. Retrieved 3936:the original 3923: 3896: 3892: 3883: 3871:. Retrieved 3851: 3842: 3833: 3823: 3814: 3802:. Retrieved 3782: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3733: 3713: 3706: 3694:. Retrieved 3690:the original 3680: 3668:. Retrieved 3648: 3636:. Retrieved 3632:the original 3622: 3610:. Retrieved 3590: 3570: 3563: 3551:. Retrieved 3544:the original 3531: 3519:. Retrieved 3506: 3494:. Retrieved 3486: 3476: 3464:. Retrieved 3460:the original 3453: 3443: 3431:. Retrieved 3421: 3401: 3394: 3382:. Retrieved 3372: 3352: 3330:. Retrieved 3317: 3305:. Retrieved 3295: 3275: 3253:. Retrieved 3228:. Retrieved 3208: 3196:. Retrieved 3183: 3171:. Retrieved 3164:the original 3151: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3096:. Retrieved 3089:the original 3076: 3064:. Retrieved 3051: 3044:outsiders... 3042: 3035:. Retrieved 3028:the original 3023: 3019: 2989:cite journal 2980: 2973:. Retrieved 2966:the original 2943: 2939: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2882: 2875:. Retrieved 2870: 2860: 2769: 2761: 2753: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2716: 2712: 2680: 2658: 2654: 2622: 2616:January 2015 2613: 2591: 2553: 2537: 2494: 2483: 2472: 2464: 2441: 2433: 2400: 2392: 2388: 2381: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2348:Flag of the 2311: 2302: 2291:Please help 2286:verification 2283: 2252: 2249: 2240:Michael Lind 2236:Peter Rodman 2223:Greg Grandin 2208: 2170: 2166: 2143: 2118: 2110: 2082: 2066: 2041: 2035:January 2010 2032: 2021:Please help 2016:verification 2013: 1951: 1940: 1937:Peter Rodman 1921: 1905: 1881:Khmer script 1873:romanization 1858: 1828: 1820: 1728: 1705: 1693: 1669: 1649: 1644:Khmer Empire 1640: 1602: 1595: 1588: 1578: 1558:Banteay Kdei 1539: 1489: 1482:Prasat Bayon 1422: 1398: 1376:Yasovarman I 1370: 1362:Hariharalaya 1352:ceremony at 1350:consecration 1330: 1315: 1302:Khmer Empire 1281:Khmer Empire 1265:Ishanavarman 1261:Kampong Thom 1253: 1245: 1234:Water Chenla 1216: 1212: 1208: 1193: 1186:Khmer script 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1119: 1111: 1106:mercantilism 1095: 1083: 1067: 993:Trade routes 974: 966: 919: 915: 895:Angkor Borei 880: 849: 841: 829: 811: 802:, northwest 790: 777:since 1993. 731:World War II 720: 697: 669:Siamese/Thai 654: 650:missionaries 633: 606: 586:architecture 548:consecration 544:Khmer Empire 541: 501: 499: 446: 266: 83:Khmer Empire 43: 26: 8906:Asia portal 8807:States with 8727:Philippines 8667:South Korea 8662:North Korea 8557:Afghanistan 8429:Mat weaving 8424:Manuscripts 8170:Agriculture 7861:Nokor Phnom 7789:BBC article 7734:Records of 7647:Works cited 7467:26 November 7441:26 November 7419:26 November 7345:26 November 7313:26 November 7291:26 November 7265:26 November 7233:26 November 7181:26 November 7159:26 November 7137:26 November 7115:26 November 7014:26 November 6844:population. 6130:25 November 3760:: 194–206. 3521:26 November 2877:25 November 2825:Khmer Rouge 2548:Heng Samrin 2485:Ben Kiernan 2407:Heng Samrin 2227:Ben Kiernan 2121:Sirik Matak 2090:Khmer Rouge 2075:and Prince 1970:Khmer Rouge 1831:Free French 1749:Philippines 1581:Zhou Daguan 1550:Angkor Thom 1490:Under king 1475:Bodhisattva 1354:Mount Kulen 1310:Haripunjaya 1237: [ 1226: [ 1223:Land Chenla 1196:Sui dynasty 832:Samrong Sen 796:Laang Spean 755:Khmer Rouge 723:hibernation 665:Cham people 582:agriculture 556:Mount Kulen 125:Longvek era 44:History of 8787:Uzbekistan 8762:Tajikistan 8677:Kyrgyzstan 8657:Kazakhstan 8577:Bangladesh 8567:Azerbaijan 8419:Literature 8207:(currency) 8134:Parliament 8087:Government 8009:Ecoregions 6689:Short 2004 6614:Asia Times 6438:(1): 4–41. 4877:|url= 4813:|url= 3455:The Nation 2961:10524/1535 2946:: 98–109. 2852:References 2750:mass media 2720:strong man 2593:neutrality 2533:Phnom Penh 2513:See also: 2448:Vietnamese 2436:Phnom Penh 2428:Choeung Ek 2219:Adam Jones 2157:Phnom Penh 2086:Phnom Penh 1966:insurgency 1909:Phnom Penh 1686:and later 1680:Phnom Penh 1512:Mount Meru 1508:Angkor Wat 1458:Angkor Wat 1385:East Baray 1251:in 802 CE 905:in modern 854:period of 808:Hoabinhian 771:UN Mandate 687:(later in 661:Mon people 533:Indosphere 328:Authority 240:US bombing 211:US bombing 145:Oudong era 8873:Hong Kong 8827:Palestine 8752:Sri Lanka 8747:Singapore 8627:Indonesia 8409:Jewellery 8404:Epigraphy 8341:Squatting 8306:Languages 8269:Education 8104:Judiciary 8077:Elections 8024:Tonlé Sap 7972:Geography 7911:Civil War 7900:(1953–70) 7767:from the 7371:. Hrw.org 6880:144712717 6839:143971159 6719:4 October 3915:162907346 3893:Antiquity 3143:161969465 2765:Hun Manet 2692:Funcinpec 2604:talk page 2569:(UNTAC). 2373:Nuon Chea 2369:Ieng Sary 2146:Ieng Sary 2094:civil war 1958:Ieng Sary 1917:Viet Minh 1761:Ang Duong 1718:, of the 1651:Epigraphy 1566:Neak Pean 1496:Indochina 1473:Faces of 1429:Tonlé Sap 1414:Mun river 1342:Srivijaya 1257:Bhavapura 1070:Kattigara 1023:Tháp Mười 1021:found at 922:Indochina 844:Phum Snay 820:Neolithic 816:Neolithic 751:civil war 691:) and in 685:Ayutthaya 681:Indochina 621:Chaktomuk 594:logistics 590:hydrology 366:1997 coup 226:1970 coup 8921:Category 8896:Category 8817:Abkhazia 8767:Thailand 8722:Pakistan 8702:Mongolia 8697:Maldives 8692:Malaysia 8592:Cambodia 8494:Category 8414:Keyboard 8379:Clothing 8316:Religion 8289:HIV/AIDS 8279:Gambling 8124:Monarchy 8119:Military 8060:Politics 8041:Wildlife 7851:Timeline 7835:articles 7831:Cambodia 7739:Archived 7544:16 April 7493:16 April 7397:15 March 7375:15 March 7201:Archived 6644:5 August 6606:Archived 6527:Archived 6482:(2000), 6451:(2008). 6389:9 August 6316:(1973). 6072:Archived 6033:(2004). 5883:Archived 5851:Archived 5740:20351244 5326:Archived 5202:Archived 4916:17588289 4868:cite web 4804:cite web 4720:Archived 4663:Archived 4105:(2003). 4063:44355152 3864:Archived 3795:Archived 3661:Archived 3603:Archived 3221:Archived 3135:25203407 2909:40386114 2782:See also 2772:election 2754:de facto 2698:and the 2597:disputed 2475:religion 2337:Flag of 1765:Bourbons 1637:pre-1864 1635:Cambodia 1633:Flag of 1562:Ta Prohm 1520:Đại Việt 1418:Hinduism 1358:devaraja 1304:in red, 1184:Ancient 1098:Malaysia 1091:allegory 1031:Sanskrit 942:Sanskrit 934:Sanskrit 852:Iron Age 804:Cambodia 773:towards 769:and the 735:Sihanouk 602:the arts 570:Buddhism 563:devaraja 513:Cambodia 506:mainland 447:Timeline 429:Monarchy 409:Buddhism 400:By topic 269:incident 267:Mayaguez 46:Cambodia 35:a series 33:Part of 8792:Vietnam 8707:Myanmar 8687:Lebanon 8617:Georgia 8572:Bahrain 8562:Armenia 8478:Outline 8459:Theatre 8389:Cuisine 8356:Culture 8296:Hunting 8247:Society 8228:Tourism 8175:Banking 8158:Economy 8072:Cabinet 8014:Islands 7989:Borders 7843:History 7707:(1958) 7602:Reuters 7519:17 July 7207:16 June 6674:30 July 6669:Reuters 6276:p. 197. 6261:P. 1012 5944:12 June 5860:12 June 5828:11 June 5796:12 June 5770:11 June 5731:2872380 5708:Bibcode 5679:19 June 5647:11 June 5625:11 June 5599:11 June 5567:11 June 5545:11 June 5519:19 June 5467:27 June 5442:14 June 5389:15 July 5357:13 July 5335:14 July 5303:29 June 5271:6 March 5243:11 June 5211:14 July 5140:15 July 5053:13 July 5028:15 July 4996:14 July 4971:15 July 4946:13 July 4847:13 July 4783:13 July 4761:13 July 4729:13 July 4697:13 July 4672:13 July 4640:13 July 4615:13 July 4583:13 July 4551:13 July 4526:13 July 4494:13 July 4469:13 July 4437:13 July 4415:13 July 4393:13 July 4361:13 July 4336:13 July 4304:13 July 4251:13 July 4226:13 July 4194:13 July 4162:13 July 4087:13 July 3762:Bibcode 3496:3 April 3466:3 April 3433:26 June 3384:26 June 3332:26 June 3307:26 June 3255:12 June 3230:29 June 3173:24 July 2704:Hun Sen 2467:Pol Pot 2377:Son Sen 2365:Pol Pot 2073:Lon Nol 2062:Lon Nol 1974:Lon Nol 1962:Pol Pot 1954:Son Sen 1894:in 1941 1875:of the 1823:Norodom 1741:Luzones 1732:British 1684:Longvek 1672:Siamese 1623:Longvek 1441:erosion 1412:in the 1290:Archers 1171:Long An 1074:Brahman 1037:of the 1001:Persian 911:Vietnam 729:during 708:Vietnam 689:Bangkok 657:Khmers' 625:Longvek 361:Economy 296:K5 Plan 8837:Taiwan 8772:Turkey 8737:Russia 8672:Kuwait 8652:Jordan 8642:Israel 8602:Cyprus 8587:Brunei 8582:Bhutan 8499:Portal 8374:Cinema 8284:Health 8195:Mining 8185:Energy 8036:Rivers 7994:Cities 7866:Chenla 7833: 7724:(2020) 7709:online 7691:online 7661: 7091: 7054: 6970: 6941: 6908: 6878: 6837: 6797: 6770: 6743: 6585: 6463: 6414: 6326: 6155: 6106: 6043: 6013: 5986: 5917: 5892:1 July 5738: 5728: 5489:8 June 5414: 5165: 5106: 5079: 4914: 4280: 4127:7 July 4061: 4041:: 3975:7 July 3945:7 July 3913: 3873:7 July 3828:Times. 3804:8 July 3721: 3696:6 June 3670:7 July 3638:7 July 3612:7 July 3578: 3553:7 July 3409: 3360: 3283: 3198:7 July 3141: 3133: 3098:5 July 3066:5 July 3037:5 July 2975:5 July 2907: 2375:, and 2195:, and 2125:In Tam 1993:, and 1757:Mexico 1734:agent 1724:Cochin 1688:Oudong 1574:Phimai 1546:Champa 1498:, the 1425:Angkor 1366:Roluos 1325:Bakong 1306:Champa 1200:Chenla 1122:Chenla 1087:Champa 1059:My Tho 1043:Vishnu 891:Bassac 887:Mekong 765:, the 642:Malays 639:Muslim 629:Oudong 617:Mekong 537:Chenla 88:Angkor 78:Chenla 37:on the 8878:Macau 8797:Yemen 8757:Syria 8732:Qatar 8712:Nepal 8647:Japan 8622:India 8612:Egypt 8597:China 8485:Index 8454:Sport 8439:Music 8434:Media 8399:Dance 8346:Youth 8321:Women 8259:Crime 8205:Riel 8129:Motto 8019:Lakes 7948:UNTAC 7627:from 7339:(PDF) 7332:(PDF) 7259:(PDF) 7252:(PDF) 7008:(PDF) 6876:S2CID 6835:S2CID 6383:(PDF) 6376:(PDF) 6359:p. 4. 6081:7 May 6075:(PDF) 6064:(PDF) 5938:(PDF) 5886:(PDF) 5879:(PDF) 5854:(PDF) 5847:(PDF) 5822:(PDF) 5815:(PDF) 5764:(PDF) 5757:(PDF) 5673:(PDF) 5666:(PDF) 5593:(PDF) 5586:(PDF) 5383:(PDF) 5376:(PDF) 5329:(PDF) 5322:(PDF) 5297:(PDF) 5290:(PDF) 5237:(PDF) 5230:(PDF) 5205:(PDF) 5198:(PDF) 5134:(PDF) 5127:(PDF) 5022:(PDF) 5015:(PDF) 4990:(PDF) 4965:(PDF) 4940:(PDF) 4933:(PDF) 4912:S2CID 4841:(PDF) 4834:(PDF) 4755:(PDF) 4748:(PDF) 4723:(PDF) 4716:(PDF) 4691:(PDF) 4666:(PDF) 4659:(PDF) 4634:(PDF) 4609:(PDF) 4602:(PDF) 4577:(PDF) 4570:(PDF) 4545:(PDF) 4520:(PDF) 4513:(PDF) 4488:(PDF) 4463:(PDF) 4456:(PDF) 4387:(PDF) 4380:(PDF) 4355:(PDF) 4330:(PDF) 4323:(PDF) 4245:(PDF) 4220:(PDF) 4213:(PDF) 4188:(PDF) 4181:(PDF) 4156:(PDF) 4149:(PDF) 4121:(PDF) 4110:(PDF) 3939:(PDF) 3932:(PDF) 3911:S2CID 3867:(PDF) 3860:(PDF) 3798:(PDF) 3791:(PDF) 3664:(PDF) 3657:(PDF) 3606:(PDF) 3599:(PDF) 3547:(PDF) 3540:(PDF) 3515:(PDF) 3326:(PDF) 3224:(PDF) 3217:(PDF) 3167:(PDF) 3160:(PDF) 3139:S2CID 3131:JSTOR 3092:(PDF) 3085:(PDF) 3060:(PDF) 3031:(PDF) 3016:(PDF) 2969:(PDF) 2936:(PDF) 2905:JSTOR 2648:King 2540:KUFNS 1745:Luzon 1554:Bayon 1241:] 1230:] 1204:Funan 1102:Burma 1019:stele 1017:This 981:Hindu 930:India 903:Óc Eo 560:Hindu 529:Hindu 525:Funan 517:Funan 434:Names 73:Funan 8717:Oman 8682:Laos 8637:Iraq 8632:Iran 8097:LGBT 7659:ISBN 7546:2021 7521:2021 7495:2021 7469:2015 7443:2015 7421:2015 7399:2013 7377:2013 7347:2015 7315:2015 7293:2015 7267:2015 7235:2015 7209:2022 7183:2015 7161:2015 7139:2015 7117:2015 7089:ISBN 7052:ISBN 7016:2015 6978:cf. 6968:ISBN 6939:ISBN 6906:ISBN 6795:ISBN 6768:ISBN 6741:ISBN 6721:2020 6676:2019 6646:2019 6583:ISBN 6461:ISBN 6412:ISBN 6391:2019 6324:ISBN 6153:ISBN 6132:2015 6104:ISBN 6083:2015 6041:ISBN 6011:ISBN 5984:ISBN 5946:2015 5915:ISBN 5894:2015 5862:2015 5830:2015 5798:2015 5772:2015 5736:PMID 5681:2015 5649:2015 5627:2015 5601:2015 5569:2015 5547:2015 5521:2015 5491:2015 5469:2015 5444:2015 5412:ISBN 5391:2015 5359:2015 5337:2015 5305:2015 5273:2023 5245:2015 5213:2015 5181:2012 5163:ISBN 5142:2015 5104:ISBN 5077:ISBN 5055:2015 5030:2015 4998:2015 4973:2015 4948:2015 4881:help 4849:2015 4817:help 4785:2015 4763:2015 4731:2015 4699:2015 4674:2015 4642:2015 4617:2015 4585:2015 4553:2015 4528:2015 4496:2015 4471:2015 4439:2015 4417:2015 4395:2015 4363:2015 4338:2015 4306:2015 4278:ISBN 4253:2015 4228:2015 4196:2015 4164:2015 4129:2015 4089:2015 4059:OCLC 4005:link 3998:help 3977:2015 3947:2015 3875:2015 3806:2015 3719:ISBN 3698:2016 3672:2015 3640:2015 3614:2015 3576:ISBN 3555:2015 3523:2015 3498:2015 3468:2015 3435:2015 3407:ISBN 3386:2015 3358:ISBN 3334:2015 3309:2015 3281:ISBN 3257:2015 3232:2015 3200:2015 3175:2016 3100:2015 3068:2015 3039:2015 2995:link 2977:2015 2879:2015 2736:The 2724:coup 2590:The 2517:and 2507:and 2446:and 2444:Cham 2238:and 2221:and 1853:and 1815:and 1524:Cham 1232:and 1217:The 997:Rome 938:Pali 901:and 889:and 850:The 671:and 648:and 627:and 600:and 566:cult 542:The 500:The 8849:and 8369:Art 8109:Law 6868:doi 6827:doi 6710:doi 5726:PMC 5716:doi 5704:107 4904:doi 3965:doi 3901:doi 3770:doi 3123:doi 3119:105 2956:hdl 2948:doi 2295:by 2025:by 1480:at 1025:in 897:in 834:in 798:in 693:Huế 554:at 8923:: 7640:– 7634:. 7600:. 7581:. 7562:. 7537:. 7511:. 7485:. 7355:^ 6989:. 6962:. 6933:. 6914:. 6900:. 6888:^ 6874:. 6864:12 6862:. 6841:. 6833:. 6823:35 6821:. 6708:. 6704:. 6667:. 6648:. 6636:. 6621:^ 6612:. 6455:. 6434:. 6259:. 6070:. 6066:. 5734:. 5724:. 5714:. 5702:. 5698:. 5507:. 5253:^ 5038:^ 4910:. 4898:. 4872:: 4870:}} 4866:{{ 4808:: 4806:}} 4802:{{ 4276:. 4131:. 4053:, 4013:^ 3989:: 3987:}} 3983:{{ 3909:. 3897:85 3895:. 3768:. 3756:. 3489:. 3485:. 3452:. 3342:^ 3265:^ 3240:^ 3191:. 3137:. 3129:. 3117:. 3041:. 3024:38 3022:. 3018:. 3003:^ 2991:}} 2987:{{ 2979:. 2944:26 2942:. 2938:. 2917:^ 2899:. 2881:. 2869:. 2710:. 2371:, 2367:, 2217:, 2191:, 2187:, 2096:. 1989:, 1956:, 1690:. 1682:, 1564:, 1560:, 1368:. 1344:. 1239:km 1228:km 1081:. 991:. 944:. 913:. 909:, 631:. 623:, 596:, 592:, 588:, 584:, 580:, 8533:e 8526:t 8519:v 8395:) 8391:( 7823:e 7816:t 7809:v 7693:. 7667:. 7638:. 7604:. 7585:. 7566:. 7548:. 7523:. 7497:. 7471:. 7445:. 7423:. 7401:. 7379:. 7349:. 7317:. 7295:. 7269:. 7237:. 7211:. 7185:. 7163:. 7141:. 7119:. 7097:. 7058:. 7018:. 6976:. 6947:. 6882:. 6870:: 6829:: 6803:. 6776:. 6749:. 6723:. 6712:: 6678:. 6591:. 6469:. 6436:1 6420:. 6393:. 6332:. 6289:. 6200:. 6161:. 6134:. 6112:. 6085:. 6049:. 6019:. 5992:. 5948:. 5923:. 5896:. 5864:. 5832:. 5800:. 5774:. 5742:. 5718:: 5710:: 5683:. 5651:. 5629:. 5603:. 5571:. 5549:. 5523:. 5493:. 5471:. 5446:. 5420:. 5393:. 5361:. 5339:. 5307:. 5275:. 5247:. 5215:. 5183:. 5144:. 5112:. 5085:. 5057:. 5032:. 5000:. 4975:. 4950:. 4918:. 4906:: 4900:2 4883:) 4879:( 4851:. 4819:) 4815:( 4787:. 4765:. 4733:. 4701:. 4676:. 4644:. 4619:. 4587:. 4555:. 4530:. 4498:. 4473:. 4441:. 4419:. 4397:. 4365:. 4340:. 4308:. 4286:. 4255:. 4230:. 4198:. 4166:. 4091:. 4065:. 4007:) 4000:) 3996:( 3979:. 3967:: 3949:. 3917:. 3903:: 3877:. 3808:. 3776:. 3772:: 3764:: 3758:3 3727:. 3700:. 3674:. 3642:. 3616:. 3584:. 3557:. 3525:. 3500:. 3470:. 3437:. 3415:. 3388:. 3366:. 3336:. 3311:. 3289:. 3259:. 3234:. 3202:. 3177:. 3145:. 3125:: 3102:. 3070:. 2997:) 2958:: 2950:: 2911:. 2901:5 2629:) 2623:( 2618:) 2614:( 2610:. 2600:. 2318:) 2312:( 2307:) 2303:( 2289:. 2163:. 2048:) 2042:( 2037:) 2033:( 2019:. 1747:- 489:e 482:t 475:v 190:) 186:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.