1301:(First and Second) are divided into divisions that have four appellate justices, who are randomly selected to form three-justice panels for each appellate case, and whose workloads are divided semi-randomly to ensure even division of work. Some of the appellate districts (Third, Fifth, and Sixth) are not divided into divisions; for each appellate case, three-justice panels are semi-randomly drawn, again to ensure even division of work. The Fourth District is unique in that it is divided into three geographically-based divisions that are administratively separate, each of which works much like the Third, Fifth, and Sixth Districts. When the presiding justice of a district or division is part of the three-justice panel, they serve as the presiding justice on the case. When the presiding justice is not part of the three-justice panel, the senior justice of the three-justice panel serves as the acting presiding justice on the case.
2731:(2000). The plaintiff in this case unsuccessfully challenged the selective publication policy as unconstitutional. The court retorted: "Appellant either misunderstands or ignores the realities of the intermediate appellate process." The court went on to describe the variety of frivolous appeals regularly encountered by the Courts of Appeal, and concluded: "Our typical opinions in such cases add nothing to the body of stare decisis, and if published would merely clutter overcrowded library shelves and databases with information utterly useless to anyone other than the actual litigants therein and complicate the search for meaningful precedent."
1102:
This explains why the First and Second
Districts were traditionally expanded by adding more divisions, and then much of the Second District's territory was broken off to form the Fourth and Fifth Districts. The 1966 constitutional amendment authorized the Legislature to create divisions consisting of "a presiding justice and 2 or more associate justices." Relying on the words "or more", the Legislature expanded the existing divisions of the First and Second Districts from three to four justices each, but chose to expand the other appellate districts by adding more justices one by one, rather than more divisions.
871:
2267:
1146:
1330:
989:
slate. However, another Court of Appeal division or district may rule differently on that point of law after a litigant seeks relief from an adverse trial court ruling that faithfully applied existing precedent. In that instance, all superior courts are free to pick and choose which precedent they wish to follow until the state supreme court settles the issue for the entire state, although a superior court confronted with such a conflict will normally follow the view of its own Court of Appeal (if it has already taken a side on the issue).
1118:, which prepares and returns a thorough confidential evaluation of the candidate. Next, the Governor officially nominates the candidate, who must then be evaluated by the Commission on Judicial Appointments, which consists of the Chief Justice of California, the Attorney General of California, and a senior presiding justice of the Court of Appeal. The Commission holds a public hearing and if satisfied with the nominee's qualifications, confirms the nomination, which enables the nominee to be sworn in and begin serving immediately.
1811:
2070:
2152:
954:
39:
1973:
1537:
2401:
3192:
1545:
1227:
1195:
1153:
1211:
1075:
issued summary dispositions in minor cases, meaning that it was merely saying "affirmed" or "reversed" without saying why. The state's second
Constitution, enacted in 1879, halted that practice by expressly requiring the Court to issue every dispositive decision in writing "with reasons stated." In 1889, the Legislature authorized the Supreme Court to appoint five commissioners to help with its work.
1243:
1181:
1167:
1271:
1257:
1130:
elections every 12 years at the same time as the general gubernatorial election, in which the sole question is whether to retain the justice for another 12 years. If a majority votes "no," the seat becomes vacant and may be filled by the
Governor. While Supreme Court justices are voted on by the entire state, Court of Appeal justices are voted on only by the residents of their districts.
1304:
The First, Second, and Third
Districts each have one big courtroom at their main courthouses which they share with the Supreme Court of California. Therefore, on a typical weekday, the courtrooms of those districts will have three Court of Appeal justices seated at an extra-wide bench large enough to
1074:
the only appellate court for the whole state. As the state's population skyrocketed during the 19th century, the
Supreme Court was expanded from three to seven justices, and then the Court began hearing the majority of appeals in three-justice panels. The Court became so overloaded that it frequently
2257:
The Fourth
District was the first Court of Appeal to get a custom-built courthouse of its own in January 1999, when Division Two moved from San Bernardino to a newly-built courthouse in Riverside. The First, Second, and Third Districts have always shared courthouses with the Supreme Court, while the
1316:
by all justices of a district (or a division in the case of the Fourth
District). If a conflict becomes evident between published opinions of different panels or divisions of the same district, and the newer opinion creating the conflict is not immediately appealed to the Supreme Court of California
1125:
for at least 10 years preceding their nomination. Typical nominees include experienced attorneys in private practice, current superior court judges, and current federal district judges. Some nominees have taught as adjunct professors or lecturers in law schools, but tenured professors are extremely
1110:
Originally, after appointment by the
Governor incumbents ran in potentially contested head-to-head elections. However, after a particularly bitter contest in 1932, the California Constitution was amended to provide for the present retention election system, where the voters are given the choice to
992:
It is customary in federal courts and other state courts to indicate in case citations the particular circuit or district of an intermediate appellate court that issued the decision cited. But because the decisions of all six
California appellate districts are equally binding upon all trial courts,
2253:
by area); in 1965, the Fourth
District split itself into Division One, sitting permanently in San Diego, and Division Two, sitting permanently in San Bernardino (now Riverside), meaning it would no longer be a circuit-riding court. The two divisions shared jurisdiction over Orange County until the
2236:
Originally, appeals from all of Southern California (including the San Joaquin Valley) were heard by the state supreme court sitting in Los Angeles, and then the Second District took over most of that caseload when it was created in 1904. Lawyers from the rest of Southern California outside of Los
1320:
Each court of appeal is led by an administrative presiding justice (APJ). In courts of appeal with divisions, the Chief Justice of California may designate the presiding justice of one division as the APJ, while in courts of appeal without divisions, the presiding justice is also the APJ. As the
1293:
When there is a vacancy on the Supreme Court of California, or if a Supreme Court justice recuses themself from a case, a Court of Appeal justice is temporarily assigned to hear each Supreme Court case requiring such assignment. When there are vacancies on the Court of Appeal, the Chief Justice of
1133:
Like all other California judges, Court of Appeal justices are bound by the California Code of Judicial Conduct and can be removed prior to the expiration of their terms by the Commission on Judicial Performance. In order to protect judicial independence (and because the losing party to a lawsuit
1129:
Terms of both Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices are 12 years. However, if a nominee is confirmed to an existing seat partway through a term, the nominee can only serve the remaining period of the term before standing for election. All California appellate justices must undergo retention
988:
Thus, all superior courts (and hence all litigants) are bound by the decision of a Court of Appeal if it is the only published California precedent that articulates a point of law relevant to a particular set of facts, even if the superior court would have decided differently if writing on a fresh
1101:
A serious flaw in the 1904 constitutional amendment is that it authorized the Legislature to create new appellate districts and to add divisions of three justices to existing appellate districts, but it did not authorize the Legislature to add one or two justices at a time to existing divisions.
1085:
The District Courts of Appeal originally consisted of three appellate districts, headquartered in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Sacramento, with three justices each. These first nine justices were appointed by the Governor. Each district was assigned an ordinal number (i.e., first, second, and
1005:
summarize the facts and law of the case and review possible issues independently before concluding that the appeal is without merit). Such procedure is not mandated for civil cases, but for certain types of civil cases where a liberty interest is implicated, the Courts of Appeal may, but are not
1963:
The California Court of Appeal for the Fourth District is unique in that it is divided into three geographical divisions that are administratively separate, which even have different case number systems, and yet remain referred to as a single district.
2237:
Angeles County grew tired of having to travel hundreds of miles to and from Los Angeles just to argue appeals. They lobbied for the creation of a Fourth District that would sit at locations closer to them. Three state senators from San Diego,
1045:
to one of the Courts of Appeal after the state supreme court had denied review. Many Court of Appeal opinions have become nationally prominent in their own right, such as the 1959 opinion that carved out the first judge-made exception to the
1034:
Due to their huge caseloads and volume of output, the Courts of Appeal in turn see the largest number of decisions appealed to the state supreme court and the Supreme Court of the United States. A few famous U.S. Supreme Court cases, such as
2248:
In 1961, the Fifth District, with headquarters in Fresno, was created to hear appeals from San Joaquin Valley counties. The Fourth District's remaining territory was still enormous (San Bernardino County is the single largest county in the
2387:
The Fifth District was formed by a division of the Fourth District pursuant to legislation enacted in 1961 (Stats.1961, c. 845, p. 2128, § 7). The first decision made by the Fifth District was on November 21, 1961, in the case of
2487:
The Sixth District was formed by a division of the First District pursuant to legislation enacted in 1981 (Stats.1981, c. 959, p. 3645, § 5). The first decision made by the Sixth District was on December 13, 1984, in the case of
2228:
The Fourth District was formed by a division of the Second District pursuant to legislation that went into effect on June 5, 1929. The first decision made by the Fourth District was on October 16, 1929, in the case of
276:
1089:
In 1966, the word "District" was dropped from the official names of the Courts of Appeal by another constitutional amendment which extensively revised the sections governing the state judiciary. This left
1000:
to decide criminal cases in writing with reasons stated (meaning that even in criminal appeals where the defendant's own lawyer has tacitly conceded that the appeal has no merit, the appellate decision
1078:
Despite implementing all these measures, the Supreme Court was no longer able to keep up with the state's rapidly growing appellate caseload by the end of the 19th century. Accordingly, in 1903, the
1134:
will almost always regard the judge who ruled against them to be incompetent or biased), the CJP generally only initiates removal proceedings in cases of severe or extensive judicial misconduct.
1006:
required to, follow a similar procedure. Most Court of Appeal opinions are not published and have no precedential value; the opinions that are published are included in the official reporter,
2562:
2929:
2445:
1086:
third). The first nine justices included the five members of the Supreme Court Commission, which had been simultaneously abolished by the same constitutional amendment.
2469:
433:
1098:." Since then, each of the Courts of Appeal has been named officially as "the Court of Appeal of the State of California" for a particular numbered appellate district.
2003:
1751:
1469:
1408:
1792:
1615:
281:
2345:
2210:
2174:
1722:
1734:
2648:
2339:
2015:
1126:
rare. Another path to the Courts of Appeal is to work for the Governor, especially as appointments secretary, cabinet secretary, or legal affairs secretary.
2351:
1082:
proposed a constitutional amendment to create what were then called the District Courts of Appeal. On November 8, 1904, the electorate adopted the amendment.
973:
and in other state court systems in which trial courts are bound only by the appellate decisions from the particular circuit in which it sits, as well as the
2656:
2118:
1763:
1595:
945:
into six appellate districts. The Courts of Appeal form the largest state-level intermediate appellate court system in the United States, with 106 justices.
64:
3264:
2831:
2451:
2192:
2130:
2039:
2009:
1627:
1621:
1583:
1422:
2457:
2439:
2327:
2216:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2100:
1798:
1780:
1492:
1457:
1440:
1402:
602:
301:
2245:" court that would sit each year in all three of those cities: Fresno (January-April), San Diego (May-August), and San Bernardino (September-December).
2375:
2369:
2106:
2051:
1769:
1728:
1656:
1451:
1428:
1294:
the Supreme Court temporarily assigns a judge from the superior court or a retired justice of the Court of Appeal to sit as a Court of Appeal justice.
366:
3274:
2922:
2475:
2363:
2198:
2186:
2045:
1667:
1650:
1589:
1518:
1506:
1486:
1480:
1434:
1552:
The California Court of Appeal for the Second District is one of the first three appellate districts created in 1904 and has its main courthouse in
2463:
2357:
2204:
2057:
1711:
1699:
1512:
835:
1757:
1679:
1644:
1638:
1524:
70:
3176:
2321:
2027:
1740:
1705:
1463:
985:
in the California Court of Appeal"; Court of Appeal decisions are not binding between divisions or even between panels of the same division.
3086:
1685:
2915:
2033:
2021:
1609:
1145:
540:
2758:"California's First Judicial Staff Attorneys: The Surprising Role That Commissioners Played, 1885–1905, in Creating the Courts of Appeal"
3269:
3096:
469:
286:
1818:
The California Court of Appeal for the Third District is one of the first three appellate districts created in 1904 and is located in
1337:
The California Court of Appeal for the First District is one of the first three appellate districts created in 1904 and is located in
1114:
To fill a vacant position, the Governor must first submit a candidate's name to the Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation of the
555:
2757:
969:. Notably, all published California appellate decisions are binding on all trial courts. This is distinct from the practice in the
1037:
720:
695:
226:
570:
411:
993:
district numbers are traditionally omitted in California citation style unless an actual interdistrict conflict is at issue.
497:
309:
2241:, and San Bernardino orchestrated the creation of the Fourth District in 1929. As a compromise, the court was created as a "
3006:
1284:
801:
795:
607:
545:
422:
3149:
850:
807:
491:
416:
386:
1321:
title implies, the APJ is responsible for managing the court's personnel, operations, caseload, budget, and facilities.
1317:
or depublished by that court, the conflict will simply persist until the high court reaches the issue in a future case.
3124:
3041:
1561:
974:
817:
772:
700:
241:
93:
2996:
2959:
2873:
2090:
1095:
840:
730:
596:
560:
464:
361:
356:
103:
3259:
1565:
635:
619:
340:
183:
3136:
3111:
3106:
3101:
2848:
1346:
1309:
757:
725:
443:
351:
334:
3129:
2954:
2425:
1879:
1573:
942:
630:
590:
2258:
Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Districts at their founding all initially leased space in existing office buildings.
2521:
2429:
2421:
2303:
1875:
655:
613:
376:
60:
1540:
The Second District's main courthouse in Los Angeles, which it shares with the Supreme Court's branch office
3166:
3066:
2907:
2086:
1993:
1843:
1835:
1378:
1366:
1350:
1079:
970:
346:
251:
3171:
3091:
3051:
3046:
2991:
2506:
2417:
2311:
1989:
1891:
1354:
1226:
1071:
966:
927:
142:
3181:
3144:
3061:
1903:
1569:
1342:
962:
751:
314:
152:
51:
3076:
3071:
3056:
3036:
2986:
2976:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2279:
2164:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1827:
1823:
1814:
The Third District's courthouse in Sacramento, which it shares with the Supreme Court's branch office
1386:
1382:
1374:
845:
812:
193:
173:
108:
17:
3021:
3016:
3001:
2971:
2287:
2250:
1855:
1847:
1831:
1362:
715:
246:
98:
43:
3156:
3116:
3081:
3031:
2966:
2516:
2501:
2283:
2082:
1911:
1907:
1859:
1370:
1358:
1298:
1122:
1115:
1067:
997:
678:
236:
178:
123:
3011:
1819:
1194:
710:
704:
483:
391:
291:
208:
203:
198:
188:
168:
2631:
3161:
3026:
2660:
2160:
2078:
777:
550:
381:
118:
113:
88:
2266:
1152:
2413:
2295:
2180:
870:
762:
296:
133:
965:, and both the Courts of Appeal and the superior courts are bound by the decisions of the
8:
1786:
1557:
1329:
1210:
978:
665:
459:
2663:
2275:
2238:
1242:
1180:
1047:
855:
660:
438:
2869:
2780:
2772:
2612:
1673:
1023:. In 1959, West began publishing both Supreme Court and Court of Appeal opinions in
533:
30:
2813:
3207:
2728:
2511:
2333:
1270:
1166:
1019:
1014:
624:
327:
231:
79:
1810:
2939:
2688:
2578:
1977:
1933:
1572:
Counties, while Divisions One through Five, Seven, and Eight handle appeals from
1333:
The Supreme Court of California's headquarters is also home to the First District
930:
689:
428:
219:
1111:
retain or reject a candidate. To date no incumbent has been denied retention.
1017:
traditionally included Court of Appeal opinions in its unofficial reporter, the
2069:
1256:
682:
565:
448:
371:
1389:. It is divided into five non-geographical divisions with four justices each:
3253:
3219:
2784:
2776:
2242:
2151:
1338:
1055:
1051:
953:
744:
453:
271:
2937:
1972:
1536:
3231:
3227:
3223:
1312:, the state Courts of Appeal have no provision allowing rehearing of cases
404:
38:
2902:
1553:
767:
2408:
The California Court of Appeal for the Sixth District is located in the
2400:
1042:
938:
934:
648:
513:
507:
2897:
3191:
2821:. San Francisco: Administrative Office of the Courts. pp. 11–12.
2404:
The Comerica Bank Tower, which houses the Sixth District's courthouse
1985:
1544:
1396:
982:
583:
519:
502:
2274:
The California Court of Appeal for the Fifth District is located in
3203:
2409:
264:
3239:
3235:
3215:
1091:
1050:
doctrine, the 1980 opinion that authorized a cause of action for
957:
The California Appellate Reports, the court's official reporter
3211:
2892:
2715:, 13 Cal.4th 952, 920 P.2d 716, 55 Cal.Rptr. 2d 771 (1996).
2703:, 40 Cal.4th 529, 150 P.3d 738, 53 Cal.Rptr. 3d 856 (2007).
1027:, and no longer included Court of Appeal opinions in the
961:
The decisions of the Courts of Appeal are binding on the
874:
Map of the districts of the California Courts of Appeal.
1914:. It has 11 justices and is not divided into divisions.
1556:
and the secondary courthouse, hosting Division Six, in
2647:
appellate procedure was upheld as compatible with the
1105:
1305:
accommodate the seven justices of the Supreme Court.
2859:
2857:
1548:
The secondary courthouse in Ventura for Division Six
996:
All California appellate courts are required by the
813:
Presidential Tax Transparency and Accountability Act
1822:. Its jurisdiction is over the following counties:
1341:. Its jurisdiction is over the following counties:
2278:. Its jurisdiction covers the following counties:
948:
2866:Courthouses of California: An Illustrated History
2854:
1054:, and the 1984 opinion that created the right to
3251:
1921:Laurie M. Earl, Administrative Presiding Justice
836:Act for the Government and Protection of Indians
434:Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act
2579:57 Cal. 2d 450, 369 P.2d 937, 20 Cal. Rptr. 321
2563:California Government Code Sections 69100-69107
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2568:
1976:Fourth District, Division One's courthouse at
2923:
1094:as the sole state in the United States with "
2539:
2159:The Division Three courthouse is located in
941:. The state is geographically divided along
3265:State appellate courts of the United States
2837:
2093:Counties. It currently has seven justices.
1121:All nominees must have been members of the
867:Intermediate appellate courts of California
3242:do not have intermediate appellate courts.
2930:
2916:
2815:Report of the Appellate Process Task Force
2623:
2621:
2575:Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court,
2155:The Division Three courthouse in Santa Ana
2077:The Division Two courthouse is located in
1984:The Division One courthouse is located in
1945:Stacy E. Boulware Eurie, Associate Justice
470:Uniform Determinate Sentencing Act of 1976
287:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
1288:Locations of Courts of Appeal courthouses
3275:Courts and tribunals established in 1904
2863:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2399:
2265:
2150:
2068:
1971:
1809:
1543:
1535:
1328:
981:. In contrast, "there is no horizontal
952:
869:
2868:. Berkeley: Heyday Books. p. 326.
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2618:
2604:
2602:
2600:
1038:Burnham v. Superior Court of California
696:Alquist Priolo Special Studies Zone Act
627:(seven year maximum on labor contracts)
387:Free speech on privately owned property
14:
3252:
2270:The Fifth District's Fresno courthouse
1948:Shama Haki Mesiwala, Associate Justice
804:(naloxone prescription by pharmacists)
758:California Student Free Expression Law
571:Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
412:.50 Caliber BMG Regulation Act of 2004
2911:
2811:
2798:
1939:Jonathan K. Renner, Associate Justice
2755:
2734:
2669:
2597:
2254:creation of Division Three in 1982.
1560:. Division Six handles appeals from
1041:, came to the high court on writ of
546:California Environmental Quality Act
128:Note: There are 29 California codes.
2592:Reiser v. Residential Funding Corp.
2073:Division Two's Riverside courthouse
1576:. Each division has four justices.
1106:Appointment, retention, and removal
252:Ordinary and administrative mandate
24:
3190:
2442:, Administrative Presiding Justice
2324:, Administrative Presiding Justice
2006:, Administrative Presiding Justice
1958:
1942:Peter A. Krause, Associate Justice
1927:Ronald B. Robie, Associate Justice
1612:, Administrative Presiding Justice
1531:
1399:, Administrative Presiding Justice
975:Supreme Court of the United States
818:Road Repair and Accountability Act
773:School Success and Opportunity Act
593:(rideshare drivers as contractors)
242:Civil Harassment Restraining Order
25:
3286:
3270:1904 establishments in California
2903:Appellate Case Information System
2886:
2849:Cal. Rules of Court, rule 10.1004
2432:Counties. It has seven justices.
2395:
2314:. It currently has 10 justices.
2261:
2146:
1951:Aimee Feinberg, Associate Justice
1930:Louis R. Mauro, Associate Justice
1805:
1324:
541:2008 Statewide Truck and Bus Rule
522:(historic structure preservation)
2594:, 380 F.3d 1027 (7th Cir. 2004).
1269:
1255:
1241:
1225:
1209:
1193:
1179:
1165:
1151:
1144:
610:(equal overtime for farmworkers)
603:Agricultural Labor Relations Act
37:
2825:
2718:
2064:
1967:
1137:
949:Jurisdiction and responsibility
367:Fair Employment and Housing Act
337:(public affirmative action ban)
2706:
2694:
2637:
2584:
1996:Counties. It has 10 justices.
556:Electronic Waste Recycling Act
13:
1:
2532:
2522:California appellate projects
1924:Harry Hull, Associate Justice
931:intermediate appellate courts
754:(removing vaccine exemptions)
2492:(1984) 163 Cal.App.3d 377 .
2482:
2382:
2223:
1159:←San Francisco (1)
1008:California Appellate Reports
721:Consumers Legal Remedies Act
227:Administrative Procedure Act
7:
2898:California Appellate Courts
2632:190 Cal.App.3d 308, 315 n.4
2507:Supreme Court of California
2495:
2446:Patricia Bamattre-Manoukian
2142:(Vacant), Associate Justice
1954:(Vacant), Associate Justice
1696:(Vacant), Presiding Justice
1601:(Vacant), Associate Justice
1498:(vacant), Associate Justice
1414:(Vacant), Associate Justice
967:Supreme Court of California
924:California Courts of Appeal
297:Pure comparative negligence
10:
3291:
2893:California Judicial System
2613:167 Cal.App.4th 1187, 1193
2416:. Its jurisdiction covers
2392:(1961) 17 Cal.Rptr. 226 .
2233:(1929) 101 Cal.App. 248 .
2163:. It handles appeals from
2081:. It handles appeals from
1988:. It handles appeals from
1235:Santa Ana (4.3)↗
1203:Los Angeles (2)↗
1061:
1025:West's California Reporter
963:California superior courts
510:(joint powers authorities)
498:Housing Accountability Act
494:(energy efficiency zoning)
419:(handgun ammunition sales)
3201:
3188:
2947:
2832:Cal. Const., Art. VI, § 3
2701:Conservatorship of Ben C.
2167:. It has eight justices.
1310:federal courts of appeals
1096:District Courts of Appeal
846:Consenting Adult Sex Bill
599:(independent contractors)
2812:Kelso, J. Clark (2000).
2765:California Legal History
2725:Schmier v. Supreme Court
2609:Sarti v. Salt Creek Ltd.
2527:
2251:contiguous United States
1409:Monique Langhorne Wilson
851:Criminal Syndicalism Act
808:Corporate Disclosure Act
716:California foie gras law
310:Strict product liability
277:Duty to protect students
247:Special motion to strike
44:Great Seal of California
3260:California state courts
2517:Districts in California
2502:Judiciary of California
1793:John Shepard Wiley, Jr.
1616:Judith M. Ashmann-Gerst
1123:State Bar of California
1116:State Bar of California
1068:California Constitution
998:California Constitution
701:Building Standards Code
679:Consumer protection law
456:(selective prosecution)
425:(firearm microstamping)
237:California Style Manual
3195:
2864:McDevitt, Ray (2001).
2405:
2346:Donald R. Franson, Jr.
2271:
2156:
2074:
1981:
1815:
1549:
1541:
1334:
1297:Some of the appellate
958:
919:
841:Alien Land Law of 1913
731:Technical Bulletin 117
561:Endangered Species Act
484:political subdivisions
392:Unruh Civil Rights Act
362:End of Life Option Act
357:Celebrities Rights Act
292:Peculiar risk doctrine
3194:
2403:
2334:Charles S. Poochigian
2269:
2154:
2072:
1975:
1813:
1735:Hernaldo J. Baltodano
1547:
1539:
1332:
956:
873:
778:Vergara v. California
551:California Water Plan
516:(local tax districts)
3208:District of Columbia
2942:in the United States
2649:Fourteenth Amendment
2628:McCallum v. McCallum
2340:Jennifer R.S. Detjen
2181:William W. Bedsworth
1285:class=notpageimage|
1070:originally made the
798:(automobile titling)
733:(fire extinguishers)
726:Consumer Privacy Act
429:Adequate provocation
352:Art Preservation Act
220:Civil procedural law
2938:State intermediate
2756:Dear, Jake (2020).
2478:, Associate Justice
2472:, Associate Justice
2466:, Associate Justice
2460:, Associate Justice
2454:, Associate Justice
2448:, Associate Justice
2378:, Associate Justice
2372:, Associate Justice
2366:, Associate Justice
2360:, Associate Justice
2354:, Associate Justice
2348:, Associate Justice
2342:, Associate Justice
2336:, Associate Justice
2330:, Associate Justice
2219:, Associate Justice
2213:, Associate Justice
2207:, Associate Justice
2201:, Associate Justice
2195:, Associate Justice
2189:, Associate Justice
2183:, Associate Justice
2177:, Presiding Justice
2175:Kathleen E. O'Leary
2139:, Associate Justice
2133:, Associate Justice
2127:, Associate Justice
2121:, Associate Justice
2119:Carol D. Codrington
2115:, Associate Justice
2109:, Associate Justice
2103:, Presiding Justice
2060:, Associate Justice
2054:, Associate Justice
2048:, Associate Justice
2042:, Associate Justice
2036:, Associate Justice
2030:, Associate Justice
2024:, Associate Justice
2018:, Associate Justice
2012:, Associate Justice
1936:, Associate Justice
1801:, Associate Justice
1795:, Associate Justice
1789:, Associate Justice
1787:Elizabeth A. Grimes
1783:, Presiding Justice
1772:, Associate Justice
1766:, Associate Justice
1764:Gail Ruderman Feuer
1760:, Associate Justice
1754:, Presiding Justice
1743:, Associate Justice
1737:, Associate Justice
1731:, Associate Justice
1725:, Presiding Justice
1714:, Associate Justice
1708:, Associate Justice
1702:, Associate Justice
1688:, Associate Justice
1682:, Associate Justice
1676:, Associate Justice
1670:, Presiding Justice
1659:, Associate Justice
1653:, Associate Justice
1647:, Associate Justice
1641:, Presiding Justice
1630:, Associate Justice
1624:, Associate Justice
1618:, Associate Justice
1598:, Associate Justice
1596:Gregory J. Weingart
1592:, Associate Justice
1586:, Presiding Justice
1527:, Associate Justice
1521:, Associate Justice
1515:, Associate Justice
1509:, Presiding Justice
1495:, Associate Justice
1489:, Associate Justice
1483:, Presiding Justice
1472:, Associate Justice
1466:, Associate Justice
1460:, Associate Justice
1454:, Presiding Justice
1443:, Associate Justice
1437:, Associate Justice
1431:, Associate Justice
1425:, Presiding Justice
1411:, Associate Justice
1405:, Associate Justice
979:state supreme court
666:Van Camp accounting
636:Talent Agencies Act
3196:
2729:78 Cal.App.4th 703
2452:Adrienne M. Grover
2406:
2272:
2193:Thomas M. Goethals
2157:
2131:Michael J. Raphael
2075:
2040:Martin N. Buchanan
2010:Richard D. Huffman
1982:
1816:
1628:Brian M. Hoffstadt
1622:Victoria M. Chavez
1584:Frances Rothschild
1574:Los Angeles County
1550:
1542:
1423:Theresa M. Stewart
1335:
1048:at-will employment
959:
920:
856:Sanitary Ordinance
661:Pereira accounting
620:Child Actor's Bill
439:Felony petty theft
377:Public Records Act
184:Capital punishment
3247:
3246:
2490:People v. Dickens
2470:Charles E. Wilson
2458:Allison M. Danner
2440:Mary J. Greenwood
2352:Rosendo Peña, Jr.
2217:Martha K. Gooding
2137:Frank J. Menetrez
2125:Richard T. Fields
2113:Douglas P. Miller
2101:Manuel A. Ramirez
2016:Terry B. O'Rourke
1799:Victor Viramontes
1781:Maria E. Stratton
1674:Audrey B. Collins
1493:Jeremy M. Goldman
1458:Carin T. Fujisaki
1441:Tara M. Desautels
1403:Kathleen M. Banke
918:
917:
865:
864:
692:(insurance rates)
631:Paid Family Leave
534:Environmental law
347:Act to Save Lives
104:Health and Safety
16:(Redirected from
3282:
2940:appellate courts
2932:
2925:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2880:
2879:
2861:
2852:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2809:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2762:
2753:
2732:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2682:
2667:
2653:Smith v. Robbins
2641:
2635:
2625:
2616:
2606:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2512:Court of Appeals
2376:Thomas De Santos
2370:Mark W. Snauffer
2107:Art W. McKinster
2052:Jose S. Castillo
2004:Judith McConnell
1776:Division Eight:
1770:Natalie P. Stone
1752:Gonzalo Martinez
1747:Division Seven:
1729:Kenneth R. Yegan
1657:Rashida A. Adams
1634:Division Three:
1470:Victor Rodriguez
1452:Alison M. Tucher
1447:Division Three:
1429:James A. Richman
1273:
1259:
1245:
1229:
1213:
1197:
1183:
1169:
1155:
1148:
1029:Pacific Reporter
1020:Pacific Reporter
913:
907:
901:
893:
887:
881:
876:
875:
625:De Havilland Law
482:Laws concerning
328:Civil rights law
282:Informed consent
232:Bagley-Keene Act
148:Courts of Appeal
134:Courts of record
41:
27:
26:
21:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3197:
3186:
2943:
2936:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2760:
2754:
2735:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2689:40 Cal. 4th 106
2685:People v. Kelly
2683:
2670:
2642:
2638:
2626:
2619:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2585:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2498:
2485:
2476:Daniel Bromberg
2398:
2385:
2364:Kathleen Meehan
2264:
2226:
2199:Maurice Sanchez
2187:Eileen C. Moore
2149:
2067:
2046:Julia C. Kelety
1978:Symphony Towers
1970:
1961:
1959:Fourth District
1934:Elena J. Duarte
1808:
1692:Division Five:
1668:Brian S. Currey
1663:Division Four:
1651:Anne H. Egerton
1590:Helen I. Bendix
1562:San Luis Obispo
1534:
1532:Second District
1519:Gordon B. Burns
1507:Teri L. Jackson
1502:Division Five:
1487:Jon B. Streeter
1481:Tracie L. Brown
1476:Division Four:
1435:Marla J. Miller
1327:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:San Diego (4.1)
1246:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:Riverside (4.2)
1184:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1140:
1108:
1064:
1015:West Publishing
951:
914:Sixth District
911:
905:
902:Fourth District
899:
894:Third District
891:
888:Second District
885:
879:
868:
861:
860:
831:
830:Historical laws
823:
822:
791:
783:
782:
747:
737:
736:
685:
671:
670:
651:
641:
640:
614:California Rule
586:
576:
575:
536:
526:
525:
487:
475:
474:
407:
397:
396:
343:(sanctuary law)
330:
320:
319:
315:Tort Claims Act
267:
257:
256:
222:
153:Superior courts
94:Civil Procedure
46:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3245:
3244:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3139:
3137:South Carolina
3134:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:North Carolina
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2888:
2887:External links
2885:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2853:
2836:
2824:
2797:
2733:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2668:
2643:The so-called
2636:
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2536:
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2529:
2526:
2525:
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2514:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2464:Cynthia C. Lie
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2397:
2396:Sixth District
2394:
2390:Wheat v. Morse
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2358:M. Bruce Smith
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2263:
2262:Fifth District
2260:
2243:circuit-riding
2231:Mills v. Mills
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2211:Thomas Delaney
2208:
2205:Joanne Motoike
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2148:
2147:Division Three
2145:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2091:San Bernardino
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:David M. Rubin
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1807:
1806:Third District
1804:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1723:Arthur Gilbert
1718:Division Six:
1716:
1715:
1712:Dorothy C. Kim
1709:
1703:
1700:Lamar W. Baker
1697:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1605:Division Two:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1579:Division One:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1513:Mark B. Simons
1510:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1418:Division Two:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1392:Division One:
1326:
1325:First District
1323:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1217:Sacramento (3)
1216:
1215:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1107:
1104:
1063:
1060:
971:federal courts
950:
947:
916:
915:
909:
908:Fifth District
903:
896:
895:
889:
883:
882:First District
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
748:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:(contains the
698:
693:
686:
683:building codes
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:
663:
658:
652:
647:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
633:
628:
622:
617:
611:
605:
600:
594:
587:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
568:
566:Hodge decision
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
537:
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
517:
511:
505:
500:
495:
488:
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
467:
462:
457:
451:
449:Marsden motion
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
420:
414:
408:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
372:Fair procedure
369:
364:
359:
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349:
344:
338:
331:
326:
325:
322:
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318:
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307:
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284:
279:
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268:
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196:
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158:
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145:
137:
136:
130:
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127:
126:
121:
116:
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106:
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96:
91:
83:
82:
76:
75:
74:
73:
68:
55:
54:
48:
47:
42:
34:
33:
31:California law
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3287:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3220:New Hampshire
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:West Virginia
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:Pennsylvania
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
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3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Massachusetts
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
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3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
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2904:
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2899:
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2891:
2890:
2877:
2875:9781890771492
2871:
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2713:In re Sade C.
2709:
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2165:Orange County
2162:
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2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
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2094:
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2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1965:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
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1920:
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1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
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1791:
1788:
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1779:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1758:John L. Segal
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
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1727:
1724:
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1710:
1707:
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1701:
1698:
1695:
1694:
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1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:Audra M. Mori
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:Luis A. Lavin
1643:
1640:
1639:Lee Ann Edmon
1637:
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1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:Santa Barbara
1563:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1538:
1526:
1525:Danny Y. Chou
1523:
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1398:
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1375:San Francisco
1372:
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1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:San Francisco
1331:
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1302:
1300:
1295:
1286:
1272:
1258:
1244:
1228:
1212:
1196:
1182:
1173:Ventura (2.6)
1168:
1154:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1072:Supreme Court
1069:
1059:
1057:
1056:Cumis counsel
1053:
1052:wrongful life
1049:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1013:In addition,
1011:
1009:
1004:
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994:
990:
986:
984:
983:stare decisis
980:
976:
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797:
794:
793:
790:Miscellaneous
787:
786:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
753:
750:
749:
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745:Education law
741:
740:
732:
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724:
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719:
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489:
485:
479:
478:
471:
468:
466:
465:Romero motion
463:
461:
458:
455:
454:Murgia motion
452:
450:
447:
445:
444:Felony murder
442:
440:
437:
435:
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430:
427:
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421:
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272:Cumis counsel
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149:
146:
144:
143:Supreme Court
141:
140:
139:
138:
135:
132:
131:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
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100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
86:
85:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
40:
36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
19:
3232:South Dakota
3228:Rhode Island
3224:North Dakota
3125:Commonwealth
2981:
2865:
2827:
2814:
2790:17 September
2788:. Retrieved
2768:
2764:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2684:
2666: (2000).
2652:
2644:
2639:
2627:
2608:
2591:
2586:
2574:
2570:
2489:
2486:
2434:
2412:building in
2407:
2389:
2386:
2322:Brad R. Hill
2316:
2273:
2256:
2247:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2169:
2158:
2095:
2076:
2065:Division Two
2028:William Dato
1998:
1983:
1980:in San Diego
1968:Division One
1962:
1916:
1817:
1775:
1746:
1741:Tari L. Cody
1717:
1706:Carl H. Moor
1691:
1662:
1633:
1604:
1578:
1551:
1501:
1475:
1464:Ioana Petrou
1446:
1417:
1391:
1347:Contra Costa
1336:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1277:San Jose (6)
1138:Organization
1132:
1128:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1065:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1002:
995:
991:
987:
960:
943:county lines
923:
921:
486:of the state
405:Criminal law
302:
179:Criminal law
147:
61:Propositions
52:Constitution
3067:Mississippi
2992:Connecticut
2771:: 125–161.
2590:See, e.g.,
2426:Santa Clara
1880:San Joaquin
1686:Helen Zukin
1554:Los Angeles
1308:Unlike the
1080:Legislature
768:Leonard Law
711:Balloon Law
705:Energy Code
3254:Categories
3172:Washington
3141:Tennessee
3092:New Mexico
3087:New Jersey
2982:California
2533:References
2435:Justices:
2430:Santa Cruz
2422:San Benito
2317:Justices:
2304:Stanislaus
2170:Justices:
2096:Justices:
2034:Truc T. Do
2022:Joan Irion
1999:Justices:
1917:Justices:
1876:Sacramento
1820:Sacramento
1610:Elwood Lui
1263:Fresno (5)
1043:certiorari
939:California
935:U.S. state
649:Family law
616:(pensions)
514:Mello-Roos
508:Marks-Roos
382:Shield Law
3182:Wisconsin
3062:Minnesota
3042:Louisiana
2785:825171095
2777:1930-4943
2328:Bert Levy
2161:Santa Ana
2087:Riverside
2079:Riverside
1994:San Diego
1986:San Diego
1844:El Dorado
1836:Calaveras
1397:Jim Humes
1379:San Mateo
1367:Mendocino
1351:Del Norte
1299:districts
763:DREAM Act
584:Labor law
520:Mills Act
503:Brown Act
305:liability
109:Insurance
18:Cal. App.
3204:Delaware
3167:Virginia
3150:Criminal
3130:Superior
3112:Oklahoma
3097:New York
3077:Nebraska
3072:Missouri
3057:Michigan
3047:Maryland
3037:Kentucky
3017:Illinois
2987:Colorado
2977:Arkansas
2960:Criminal
2951:Alabama
2496:See also
2418:Monterey
2414:San Jose
2312:Tuolumne
2296:Mariposa
1990:Imperial
1892:Siskiyou
1355:Humboldt
926:are the
690:Prop 103
656:Palimony
335:Prop 209
303:Tarasoff
265:Tort law
204:Gambling
199:Taxation
189:Cannabis
174:Bicycles
169:Adoption
99:Evidence
3240:Wyoming
3236:Vermont
3216:Montana
3022:Indiana
3002:Georgia
2997:Florida
2972:Arizona
2691:(2006).
2634:(1987).
2615:(2008).
2581:(1962).
2483:History
2383:History
2224:History
1904:Trinity
1570:Ventura
1558:Ventura
1343:Alameda
1314:en banc
1092:Florida
1062:History
977:or the
933:in the
802:AB 1535
796:AB 1215
608:AB 1066
591:Prop 22
423:AB 1471
209:Gun law
124:Vehicle
71:Offices
3238:, and
3206:, the
3117:Oregon
3082:Nevada
3032:Kansas
3007:Hawaii
2967:Alaska
2872:
2783:
2775:
2428:, and
2310:, and
2308:Tulare
2300:Merced
2292:Madera
2280:Fresno
2276:Fresno
2239:Fresno
2089:, and
1910:, and
1900:Tehama
1896:Sutter
1888:Sierra
1884:Shasta
1872:Plumas
1868:Placer
1864:Nevada
1852:Lassen
1840:Colusa
1828:Amador
1824:Alpine
1568:, and
1387:Sonoma
1385:, and
1383:Solano
1233:
1201:
912:
906:
900:
892:
886:
880:
752:SB 277
492:AB 811
460:Murder
417:AB 962
3212:Maine
3157:Texas
3145:Civil
3012:Idaho
2955:Civil
2819:(PDF)
2761:(PDF)
2659:
2645:Wende
2528:Notes
2288:Kings
1856:Modoc
1848:Glenn
1832:Butte
1363:Marin
1010:.
928:state
341:SB 54
194:Drugs
161:Areas
119:Penal
114:Labor
89:Civil
80:Codes
3162:Utah
3107:Ohio
3027:Iowa
2870:ISBN
2792:2022
2781:OCLC
2773:ISSN
2661:U.S.
2284:Kern
2083:Inyo
1992:and
1912:Yuba
1908:Yolo
1860:Mono
1371:Napa
1359:Lake
1066:The
1003:must
922:The
681:and
597:AB 5
65:list
2664:259
2657:528
2651:in
937:of
3256::
3234:,
3230:,
3226:,
3222:,
3218:,
3214:,
3210:,
2856:^
2839:^
2800:^
2779:.
2769:15
2767:.
2763:.
2736:^
2727:,
2687:,
2671:^
2655:,
2630:,
2620:^
2611:,
2599:^
2577:,
2541:^
2424:,
2420:,
2306:,
2302:,
2298:,
2294:,
2290:,
2286:,
2282:,
2085:,
1906:,
1902:,
1898:,
1894:,
1890:,
1886:,
1882:,
1878:,
1874:,
1870:,
1866:,
1862:,
1858:,
1854:,
1850:,
1846:,
1842:,
1838:,
1834:,
1830:,
1826:,
1564:,
1381:,
1377:,
1373:,
1369:,
1365:,
1361:,
1357:,
1353:,
1349:,
1345:,
1058:.
1031:.
2931:e
2924:t
2917:v
2878:.
2851:.
2834:.
2794:.
2565:.
1219:↓
707:)
67:)
63:(
20:)
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