451:'s connections to the United States to comply with CRTC's Telecom Decision 1979-11. A company in Toronto had requested 10 foreign exchange lines to a Sprint telecom switch in Buffalo, New York. In addition to this request, CNCP wanted exemption from over-regulation having to do with its services. At the same time, CNCP completed Dialcom, a digital microwave link which extended from Toronto, Ontario, to Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta. Dialcom allowed for exchange of e-mail messages, regardless of hardware equipment.
2312:
303:
400:: Galaxie, featuring four hours of children's programs; and Vista, featuring a three-hour weekly series of music, interviews, and science programming. Prior to the announcement of TVO's Galaxie and Vista, CSN had carried the Canadian House of Commons broadcasts since 1979. CSN's wish was that the CBC would take over the responsibilities of the House of Commons broadcasts, which by 1992 was given back to the cable companies. and became present day
369:(CRTC). In their written filings with the commission, released a day before a second phase of hearings into the interconnect issue, they stated that they may have to completely go out of business if they are not allowed to interconnect with Bell Canada and other telcos. In its response to CNCP and the CRTC, Bell said that if CNCP wins approval for connection between the two carriers, Bell would increase its rates and seek government subsidies.
376:, allowing CNCP to interconnect with the Bell Canada network. At this point, CNCP was no longer a telegraph company and emerged as an early telecom company. The CRTC directed Bell Canada that it was prohibited from refusing connections between the two networks. A month later, Bell Canada announced that it intended to appeal the decision, stating that they would lose $ 140 million a year from competition with CNCP. Cabinet upheld the decision.
25:
2322:
2301:
2332:
416:
Intelpost was a national and international fax service begun in early 1981 and managed by CNCP and Canada Post. A person wanting to send a document requiring more than simple text – charts, drawings, and other types of graphics – could send it from a few main post office locations, originally limited
395:
noted "pay tv is inevitable" in the 1970s, the CRTC and the
Department of Communications built a policy framework to accommodate future pay television services. CNCP leased a satellite channel to cable consortium Canadian Satellite Network Inc. (CSN), which was created by 50 Canadian cable television
470:
telecom services (256 kbit/s, 384 kbit/s, 512 kbit/s, 768 kbit/s) and DS-2 6.312 Mbit/s over T2 lines in May 1990 and marketed as Mach III. A T1 cable carries up to 24 DS1 voice/data signals at a speed of 1.544 Mbit/s per 24 channel grouping. A T2 cable carries up to 96
420:
During the Canada Post strike of 1981, telecommunications carriers noted an increase in long-distance voice, data and fax usage. These services somewhat circumvented the need for the strike to resolve. CNCP reported sales increases of 25% for telegrams and 67% for Telex equipment during the month of
435:
Undaunted by the CRTC's unwillingness to allow competition in voice communications in Canada, the company applied to the CRTC for "tariff revisions" relating to providing electronic mail and "office communication services". The company had applied to the CRTC to have
Canadian telecommunications
571:
A year later, the regulator allowed real time FacsRoute, which attracted $ 40 million of revenue and 50,000 subscribers of the 300,000 fax terminals then in Canada, doing so in nine months. Real time FacsRoute was provided over a 64 kbit/s bypass GSTN via "voice busters" which cut the dialed
436:
regulations changed so that businesses and consumers would be able to choose between their regular telephone company and CNCP Telecommunications. The CRTC released their decision in August 1985, denying the company the go-ahead to provide mass-market communications to
Canadians.
412:
Until this time, CNCP had operated financially as two separate entities (CN and CP). The two companies merged their telecommunications divisions in
January 1981. After the CRTC approved, J. G. Sutherland was named president and CEO of the company.
379:
Due to changes in technology towards electronic communications and fewer telegrams being sent, the company closed seven telegraph offices in Canada in
January 1980: Prince Rupert, Vernon, Cornwall, Sherbrooke, Rouyn-Noranda, and the Gaspe region.
572:
connection after a cumulative 70 seconds of speech per call: a remarkably "value subtracted" way of bringing a transcontinental 64 kbit/s service to market, but a 20-fold increase in business over the store and forward FacsRoute Plus.
439:
CNCP announced in April 1986 that it had connected
Toronto and Montreal with 12 strands of fibre optic cable and that implementation of this technology would lead to a 30–40% reduction in long-distance telephone costs to consumers. The
383:
Infotex, a new service introduced in 1980, used dedicated word processors connected to the Bell Canada–CNCP network to enable speedy transmission of documents across the country. Telenews, on a trial basis to 500 customers, featured
339:
TelePost was a joint venture between CNCP and Canada Post that began in 1973. Using the service, an individual or company could compose a message electronically, then have it delivered by a postal carrier the next business day.
343:
The last commercial telegraph operator with the company west of
Thunder Bay (working in Regina) retired from the company in September 1971, with the six operators in Eastern Canada leaving soon after.
417:
to
Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, Halifax, Winnipeg, Calgary, and Edmonton. Documents within Canada were sent via the microwave network. Those sent to the US or Europe were transmitted via satellite.
260:
in the era when telegraph operation was declining and maintaining two separate networks was no longer profitable. The new company also began several expansions into new markets, first with a
336:) published a brief, stating that they could work together in financing a Canadian telecommunications satellite so long as the federal government also had a stake in the project.
2386:
366:
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281:
purchased a major stake in the company in 1984, and CN sold its remaining share in 1988. The network was taken over entirely by Rogers in 1990, and renamed it
1576:
2396:
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2366:
2371:
568:, and presented to the market with all the traditional "value added" arguments; it peaked at $ 2 million revenue and 2,000 subscribers.
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1276:
459:
CN sold its share of the network for $ 235 million as the partnership with CP was dissolved in
December 1988. Rogers renamed the company
960:
2406:
388:
newswire service, with regular updates every hour. Telenews was carried via the Telex network with a flat rate of 55 cents per minute.
285:
in a bid to enter the commercial long distance market. This division changed hands several times from 2002 to 2012 when it was renamed
89:
1202:
61:
329:) were replaced by a single corporate entity. The two networks, former rivals, had been co-operating increasingly since the 1930s.
42:
2401:
447:
In the summer of 1987, CNCP had to request that the CRTC direct Bell Canada to provide interconnections between the company and
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In 1973, CNCP added the
Infodat data service, making it up to 90% cheaper to transfer teletype or computer data by using
75:
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57:
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357:(CTC) approved an 11% wholesale rate increase for telegrams, but rejected 9% on top of the granted increase.
354:
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1983:
1526:
1321:
1293:
498:
CNCP provided a multitude of electronic data services to businesses across Canada. Some of these included:
1130:
2315:
1822:
1262:
1001:
Chevreau, Jonathan (August 11, 1981). "Telecommunications traffic rises over 50% in certain categories".
307:
2174:
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2035:
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in 1984 and CP acquired CN's stake. The company logo was updated in April 1984, removing the word
347:
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82:
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1482:
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1395:
318:
257:
779:
Keddy, Barbara (May 18, 1979). "CNCP wins its bid for the right to use Bell's telephone network".
2144:
2129:
1973:
1924:
1847:
1747:
1425:
1311:
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667:
441:
35:
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8:
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1832:
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1553:
1351:
1336:
1171:
Romain, Ken (December 1, 1988). "Canadian National sells CNCP stake for $ 235 million".
854:
McCallum, Peggy (June 28, 1979). "New telecommunications services will speed messages".
2119:
2076:
2007:
1877:
1807:
1782:
1717:
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1285:
546:
536:
385:
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documents, circa 1988. Initially a store and forward fax service was provided over an
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1995:
1978:
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1687:
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1622:
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1331:
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513:
467:
1220:
1156:
Gibbens, Robert (September 16, 1987). "CNCP Dialcom for messages to be extended".
1111:
1093:
1037:
986:
Chevreau, Jonathan (July 17, 1981). "TCTS ties business increase to mail strike".
692:
Stephens, Robert (October 6, 1978). "Telepost could be best basis for mail move".
1792:
1647:
1415:
1390:
1378:
1238:
Kroeker, Ben (March 24, 1976). "CNCP Telecommunications installs new equipment".
530:
268:
597:
Continentalizing Canadian Telecommunications: The Politics of Regulatory Reform.
471:
DS2 voice/data signals at a speed of 6.312 Mbit/s per 96 channel grouping.
392:
1990:
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companies and headed by Kevin Shea. This carried two programming blocks from
326:
313:
Beginning in 1967, the different networks used by the two railway companies (
134:
824:
Speirs, Rosemary (August 2, 1979). "Cabinet backs Bell line-sharing order".
249:
operator and later a telecom company, which operated between 1967 and 1990.
2017:
1857:
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1682:
1541:
1016:
631:
448:
272:
884:
Westell, Dan (September 16, 1980). "Cable firms plan national network".
560:
CNCP FacsRoute was a Canadian telecommunications network that delivered
2222:
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1627:
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1492:
1462:
1440:
483:
302:
2207:
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200:
551:
Transmitting telegrams (TelePost) across Canada and around the world
506:) in Canada and connections to other Telex networks around the world
444:
was the first to use the network to transmit a high volume of data.
24:
2202:
2192:
2109:
1934:
1757:
616:
332:
The next year, CNCP and TCTS (Trans Canada Telephone System, later
261:
583:
Telecommunications in Canada: Technology, Industry, and Government
2197:
2182:
1400:
626:
271:
network carrying voice and data, and later, its replacement with
204:
2227:
2187:
1509:
245:(Canadian National-Canadian Pacific Telecommunications) was an
2212:
2149:
1457:
1063:"Ruling may be made next week on phone service competition".
914:
Rusk, James (January 15, 1981). "CRTC approves CNCP merger".
503:
226:
2154:
961:"CANADA'S POSTAL STRIKE ENDS; 6 WEEKS' MAIL AWAITS SORTING"
565:
367:
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
561:
222:
709:"Telegraph operator was the latest obsolete job in 1971"
490:
and renamed Telegrams Canada in 2002, based in Toronto.
421:
July, which was usually a slack month for the hardware.
899:
Stevens, Geoffrey (September 19, 1980). "Perplexing".
372:
On May 17, 1979, the CRTC released its breakthrough
2387:
Telecommunications companies disestablished in 1990
839:"Telegraph offices closing in 7 Canadian centres".
454:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1186:"CNCP Telecommunications changes name to Unitel".
1078:"CNCP launches 1st link of fibre-optics network".
2382:Telecommunications companies established in 1967
2348:
753:. Canadian Press. February 28, 1978. p. 12.
252:CNCP was created as a joint venture between the
764:"Bell wants aid if CNCP linkup wins approval".
738:. Canadian Press. November 27, 1974. p. 5.
486:). The telegram division was later acquired by
16:Former telecommunications and telegraph company
2362:Defunct telecommunications companies of Canada
466:Unitel applied for tariffs (fee schedule) for
1270:
509:Financial transactions involving money orders
2285:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1128:
813:. Canadian Press. July 31, 1979. p. 8.
655:. Canadian Press. July 31, 1968. p. 7.
2321:
1277:
1263:
2397:Canadian companies disestablished in 1990
1129:Boeh, Kevin K.; Beamish, Paul W. (2007).
809:"Reverse CRTC ruling, Cabinet is asked".
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1203:"Let the battle for cheaper calls begin"
1132:Mergers and Acquisitions: Text and Cases
1000:
985:
853:
691:
306:Restored CNCP counter on display at the
301:
1237:
1200:
1155:
958:
944:"7 cities to receive electronic mail".
898:
883:
2392:Canadian companies established in 1967
2367:Canadian National Railway subsidiaries
2349:
1284:
1170:
823:
665:
502:Connections with 34,000 teleprinters (
236:TelePost, Facsroute, Mach III, Infodat
2372:Canadian Pacific Railway subsidiaries
1258:
869:"CNCP plans news service via Telex".
778:
2331:
913:
651:"Companies ready to run satellite".
424:A 40% stake of CNCP was acquired by
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
706:
13:
575:
512:Fax and other electronic data for
461:Unitel Communications Incorporated
365:In 1978, CNCP appeared before the
14:
2418:
2407:1990 disestablishments in Ontario
1250:
1082:. Canadian Press. April 13, 1986.
959:Holusha, John (August 12, 1981).
707:Ron, Smith (September 19, 1971).
666:Liptak, Andrew (March 12, 2013).
555:
2330:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2299:
1920:Free-space optical communication
1201:Francis, Diane (June 18, 1990).
768:. Canadian Press. April 6, 1978.
455:Divestment and Unitel rebranding
360:
350:(TDM) and digital transmission.
23:
1231:
1221:"Telecom Public Notice 1990-45"
1213:
1194:
1179:
1164:
1149:
1122:
1104:
1086:
1071:
1056:
1030:
1009:
994:
979:
952:
937:
922:
907:
892:
877:
862:
847:
843:. January 11, 1980. p. 12.
832:
817:
802:
749:"CNCP May Be Forced To Close".
34:needs additional citations for
2402:1967 establishments in Ontario
787:
772:
757:
742:
727:
700:
685:
659:
644:
535:Transmitting wire photos from
319:Postal Telegraph Cable Company
317:interchanged traffic with the
1:
948:. March 17, 1981. p. 10.
933:. March 3, 1981. p. B24.
637:
474:Unitel was later acquired by
355:Canadian Transport Commission
297:
2377:Companies based in Etobicoke
2306:Telecommunication portal
2087:Telecommunications equipment
1190:. May 10, 1990. p. B20.
715:. Event occurs at 2:02. CBC
7:
1823:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1017:"Scanned Newsletter Photos"
929:"CNCP Telecommunications".
873:. May 15, 1980. p. B4.
610:
493:
308:Saskatchewan Railway Museum
154:; 57 years ago
10:
2423:
1527:Telecommunications history
1112:"Telecom Decision 1987-12"
798:. May 19, 1979. p. 6.
734:"Telegrams to cost more".
407:
348:time-division multiplexing
292:
2294:
2236:
2173:
2135:Public Switched Telephone
2095:
2059:
2016:
1957:
1947:telecommunication circuit
1908:Fiber-optic communication
1891:
1653:Francis Blake (telephone)
1600:
1448:Optical telecommunication
1292:
794:"Turning on the future".
585:. University of Toronto.
529:message relay service to
254:Canadian National Railway
232:
214:
196:
184:
166:
148:
140:
126:
58:"CNCP Telecommunications"
2046:Orbital angular-momentum
1483:Satellite communications
1322:Communications satellite
581:Babe, Robert E. (1993).
374:Telecom Decision 1979-11
258:Canadian Pacific Railway
1925:Molecular communication
1748:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1577:Undersea telegraph line
1312:Cable protection system
1094:"Public Notice 1987-40"
1038:"Public Notice 1985-46"
595:Rideout, Vanda (2003).
243:CNCP Telecommunications
122:CNCP Telecommunications
2067:Communication protocol
1853:Charles Sumner Tainter
1668:Walter Houser Brattain
1613:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1421:Information revolution
310:
172:; 34 years ago
2041:Polarization-division
1773:Narinder Singh Kapany
1738:Erna Schneider Hoover
1658:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1638:Alexander Graham Bell
1369:online video platform
1135:. SAGE. p. 190.
1118:. September 22, 1987.
672:Postal History Corner
541:Southam News Services
522:Canadian Armed Forces
426:Rogers Communications
305:
283:Unitel Communications
279:Rogers Communications
190:Rogers Communications
1883:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1843:Almon Brown Strowger
1813:Charles Grafton Page
1468:Prepaid mobile phone
1396:Electrical telegraph
442:Hudson's Bay Company
247:electrical telegraph
43:improve this article
2357:Telegraph companies
1833:Johann Philipp Reis
1592:Wireless revolution
1554:The Telephone Cases
1411:Hydraulic telegraph
545:Voice reports from
123:
2031:Frequency-division
2008:Telephone exchange
1878:Charles Wheatstone
1808:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1783:Innocenzo Manzetti
1718:Reginald Fessenden
1453:Optical telegraphy
1286:Telecommunications
1067:. August 22, 1985.
537:The Canadian Press
430:Telecommunications
386:The Canadian Press
311:
144:Telecommunications
121:
2344:
2343:
2082:Store and forward
2077:Data transmission
1991:Network switching
1942:Transmission line
1788:Guglielmo Marconi
1753:Internet pioneers
1618:Mohamed M. Atalla
1587:Whistled language
1142:978-1-4129-4104-4
751:Medicine Hat News
653:Medicine Hat News
566:X.25 data network
391:After journalist
240:
239:
119:
118:
111:
93:
2414:
2334:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2175:Notable networks
2165:Wireless network
2105:Cellular network
2097:Types of network
2072:Computer network
1959:Network topology
1873:Thomas A. Watson
1728:Oliver Heaviside
1713:Philo Farnsworth
1688:Daniel Davis Jr.
1663:Charles Bourseul
1623:John Logie Baird
1332:Data compression
1327:Computer network
1279:
1272:
1265:
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1119:
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1101:
1100:. July 31, 1987.
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514:Transport Canada
321:in the US while
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107:
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94:
92:
51:
27:
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2300:
2298:
2290:
2232:
2169:
2091:
2055:
2012:
1961:
1953:
1894:
1887:
1793:Robert Metcalfe
1648:Tim Berners-Lee
1596:
1416:Information Age
1288:
1283:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1236:
1232:
1227:. May 11, 1990.
1219:
1218:
1214:
1199:
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1185:
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1092:
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1062:
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1045:
1044:. July 30, 1985
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748:
747:
743:
736:The Brandon Sun
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664:
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599:McGill-Queens.
578:
576:Further reading
558:
531:northern Canada
496:
478:, now known as
476:AT&T Canada
457:
410:
363:
325:networked with
300:
295:
269:microwave relay
210:
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2026:Space-division
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2011:
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1863:Camille Tissot
1860:
1855:
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1838:Claude Shannon
1835:
1830:
1828:Tivadar Puskás
1825:
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1805:
1800:
1798:Antonio Meucci
1795:
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1768:Charles K. Kao
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1743:Harold Hopkins
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1251:External links
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1188:Globe and Mail
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1158:Globe and Mail
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1103:
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1003:Globe and Mail
993:
988:Globe and Mail
978:
965:New York Times
951:
946:Globe and Mail
936:
931:Globe and Mail
921:
916:Globe and Mail
906:
901:Globe and Mail
891:
886:Globe and Mail
876:
871:Globe and Mail
861:
856:Globe and Mail
846:
841:Globe and Mail
831:
826:Globe and Mail
816:
811:Globe and Mail
801:
796:Globe and Mail
786:
781:Globe and Mail
771:
766:Globe and Mail
756:
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556:CNCP Facsroute
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547:Broadcast News
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334:Telecom Canada
323:CPR Telegraphs
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2036:Time-division
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
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2019:
2015:
2009:
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1994:
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1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:and switching
1960:
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1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
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1933:
1932:
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1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
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1913:optical fiber
1911:
1910:
1909:
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1904:
1903:Coaxial cable
1901:
1900:
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1818:Radia Perlman
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1708:Lee de Forest
1706:
1704:
1703:Thomas Edison
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Donald Davies
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
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1679:
1678:Claude Chappe
1676:
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1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:Smoke signals
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:Semiconductor
1498:
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1359:Digital media
1357:
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1257:
1242:. p. 11.
1241:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1182:
1175:. p. B1.
1174:
1167:
1160:. p. B4.
1159:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1074:
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1059:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1018:
1012:
1004:
997:
990:. p. B3.
989:
982:
971:September 10,
967:. p. A20
966:
962:
955:
947:
940:
932:
925:
918:. p. B2.
917:
910:
902:
895:
888:. p. B1.
887:
880:
872:
865:
858:. p. B2.
857:
850:
842:
835:
827:
820:
812:
805:
797:
790:
782:
775:
767:
760:
752:
745:
737:
730:
719:September 25,
714:
710:
703:
696:. p. B1.
695:
688:
673:
669:
662:
654:
647:
643:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
622:Western Union
620:
618:
615:
614:
606:
605:9780773524255
602:
598:
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591:0-8020-6738-7
588:
584:
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482:(now part of
481:
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472:
469:
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463:in May 1990.
462:
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427:
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418:
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361:Early telecom
358:
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328:
327:Western Union
324:
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206:
202:
199:
195:
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187:
183:
169:
165:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
135:CP Telegraphs
132:
129:
125:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2018:Multiplexing
1893:Transmission
1858:Nikola Tesla
1848:Henry Sutton
1803:Samuel Morse
1733:Robert Hooke
1698:Amos Dolbear
1633:John Bardeen
1552:
1532:Telautograph
1436:Mobile phone
1391:Edholm's law
1374:social media
1307:Broadcasting
1239:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1196:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1080:Toronto Star
1079:
1073:
1065:Toronto Star
1064:
1058:
1048:September 2,
1046:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1022:September 3,
1020:. Retrieved
1011:
1002:
996:
987:
981:
969:. Retrieved
964:
954:
945:
939:
930:
924:
915:
909:
903:. p. 6.
900:
894:
885:
879:
870:
864:
855:
849:
840:
834:
828:. p. 4.
825:
819:
810:
804:
795:
789:
783:. p. 1.
780:
774:
765:
759:
750:
744:
735:
729:
717:. Retrieved
712:
702:
693:
687:
677:September 3,
675:. Retrieved
671:
661:
652:
646:
596:
582:
570:
559:
497:
473:
465:
458:
446:
438:
434:
429:
423:
419:
415:
411:
393:Jeanne Sauvé
390:
382:
378:
373:
371:
364:
353:In 1974 the
352:
345:
342:
338:
331:
315:CN Telegraph
312:
277:
251:
242:
241:
197:Headquarters
188:Merged with
131:CN Telegraph
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2218:NPL network
1930:Radio waves
1868:Alfred Vail
1778:Hedy Lamarr
1763:Dawon Kahng
1723:Elisha Gray
1683:Yogen Dalal
1608:Nasir Ahmed
1542:Teleprinter
1406:Heliographs
1240:Brandon Sun
632:Bell Canada
449:Bell Canada
273:fibre optic
2351:Categories
2264:Antarctica
2223:Toasternet
2145:Television
1628:Paul Baran
1560:Television
1544:(teletype)
1537:Telegraphy
1515:transistor
1493:Phryctoria
1463:Photophone
1441:Smartphone
1431:Mass media
668:"Telepost"
638:References
520:, and the
484:Zayo Group
298:Beginnings
69:newspapers
2248:Americas
2237:Locations
2208:Internet2
1969:Bandwidth
1673:Vint Cerf
1570:streaming
1548:Telephone
1488:Semaphore
1379:streaming
1207:Maclean's
488:iTelegram
480:Allstream
398:TVOntario
287:Allstream
266:Vancouver
219:Telegrams
201:Etobicoke
2316:Category
2203:Internet
2193:CYCLADES
2110:Ethernet
2060:Concepts
1984:terminal
1935:wireless
1758:Bob Kahn
1601:Pioneers
1426:Internet
1317:Cable TV
713:CBC News
627:AT&T
611:See also
494:Services
262:Montreal
256:and the
215:Products
177:May 1990
170:May 1990
141:Industry
127:Formerly
2336:Commons
2326:Outline
2279:Oceania
2198:FidoNet
2183:ARPANET
1996:circuit
1565:digital
1294:History
408:Mergers
293:History
275:links.
205:Ontario
175: (
167:Defunct
157: (
149:Founded
83:scholar
2274:Europe
2244:Africa
2228:Usenet
2188:BITNET
2125:Mobile
2001:packet
1510:MOSFET
1505:device
1302:Beacon
1139:
603:
589:
516:, the
233:Brands
209:Canada
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2257:South
2252:North
2213:JANET
2150:Telex
2140:Radio
1979:Nodes
1974:Links
1895:media
1473:Radio
1458:Pager
1386:Drums
1352:video
1347:image
1337:audio
1209:: 15.
504:Telex
227:Telex
90:JSTOR
76:books
2269:Asia
2155:UUCP
2115:ISDN
1225:CRTC
1137:ISBN
1116:CRTC
1098:CRTC
1050:2019
1042:CRTC
1024:2019
973:2019
721:2019
679:2019
601:ISBN
587:ISBN
539:and
527:RTTY
518:RCMP
468:DS-1
402:CPAC
185:Fate
159:1967
152:1967
62:news
2160:WAN
2130:NGN
2120:LAN
1401:Fax
1342:DCT
617:MCI
562:fax
264:to
223:Fax
45:by
2353::
1223:.
1205:.
1114:.
1096:.
1040:.
963:.
711:.
670:.
432:.
404:.
289:.
225:,
221:,
207:,
203:,
133:,
2287:)
2283:(
1278:e
1271:t
1264:v
1145:.
1052:.
1026:.
1005:.
975:.
723:.
681:.
192:.
179:)
161:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
