Culture of Malta - Knowledge

19: 2283: 952: 1750:, from 1800 to 1964, radically and permanently transformed the language, culture and politics of Malta. Malta's position in the British Empire was unique in that it did not come about by conquest or by colonization, but at the voluntary request of the Maltese people. Britain found in Malta an ancient, Christian culture, strongly influenced by neighbouring Italy and Sicily, and loyal to the Roman Catholic Church. Malta's primary utility to Great Britain lay in its excellent natural harbours and strategic location, and for many decades, Malta was essentially a "fortress colony". 3512: 2899: 2044: 3079: 2542:(1764–1829) hailed the emergence of literary Maltese as "one of the ancient patrimonies ... of the new emerging nation," seeing this nascent trend as: (1) the affirmation of the singular and collective identity, and (2) the cultivation and diffusion of the national speech medium as the most sacred component in the definition of the patria and as the most effective justification both for a dominated community's claiming to be a nation and for the subsequent struggle against foreign rulers. 1321: 2313:– is a rite of passage for Maltese teenagers, young adults and crowds of tourists. Evenings start late and many clubbers continue the festivities into the early hours of the morning. Clubs frequently have large outdoor patios, with local and visiting DJs spinning a mix of Euro-beat, House, chill-out, R&B, hardcore, rock, trance, techno, retro, old school, and classic disco. Pubs, especially Irish pubs, are often the meeting place of choice for the start of a night of clubbing. 3300: 1466: 2723: 35: 1094: 4991: 505: 2713: 416: 1258: 880: 68: 1794: 1767: 2433: 1360:, and numerous others. Under Spanish rule Malta developed into a feudal state. From time to time during this period, the Islands were nominally ruled by various Counts of Malta, who were typically illegitimate sons of the reigning Aragonese monarch; however, the day-to-day administration of the country was essentially in the hands of the local nobility, through their governing council known as the 743: 1450:, as a result of the architectural and artistic embellishment of the Islands by their resident rulers, and as a result of advances in the overall health, education and prosperity of the local population during this period. Music, literature, theatre and the visual arts all flourished in Malta during this period, which also saw the foundation and development of many of the 2358: 2056: 591:. The present-day legacy of this is linguistic rather than cultural. The Latin European element is the major source of Maltese culture because of the virtually continuous cultural impact on Malta over the past eight centuries and the fact that Malta shares the religious beliefs, traditions and ceremonies of its Sicilian and Southern European neighbors. 3647:

flags at the end of the pole by running up the greased pole. Each Flag has a different prize, the blue and white flag is dedicated to St Mary, a yellow and white flag representing the Vatican, and Belgium tricolour flag representative of St Julian. The sport is still practiced today and has recently garnered worldwide media attention.

2113:. Over 10,000 Maltese settled in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States between 1918 and 1920, followed by another 90,000 – or 30 percent of the population of Malta – between 1948 and 1967. By 1996, the net emigration from Malta during the 20th century exceeded 120,000, or 33.5% of the population of Malta. 2703:

spoken language, Italian has the priority of being the almost exclusive written medium, for the socio-cultural affairs, for the longest period. The native tongue had only to wait for the arrival of a new mentality which could integrate an unwritten, popular tradition with a written, academically respectable one.

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Il-Gostra is a traditional sport enjoyed in many seaside towns across Malta with its origins dating back to the middle ages. The sport involves leaning a large wooden pole (normally 10-16 meters in length) over the ocean and covering it in animal fat. The objective of the game is to grab one of three

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Although Malta remained heavily dependent on British military spending, successive British governors brought advances in medicine, education, industry and agriculture to Malta. The British legacy in Malta is evident in the widespread use of the English language in Malta today. English was adopted as

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The slaves were engaged in various activities, including construction, shipbuilding and the transportation of Knights and nobles by sedan-chair. They were occasionally permitted to engage in their own trades for their own account, including hairdressing, shoe-making and woodcarving, which would have

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made some inroads among local Maltese artists in the late 18th century, but this trend was reversed in the early 19th century, as the local Church authorities – perhaps in an effort to strengthen Catholic resolve against the perceived threat of Protestantism during the early days of British rule in

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expanded under Knights, while at the same time, a significant number of Western European nobles, clerics and civil servants relocated to Malta during this period. The wealth and influence of Malta's noble families – many of whom trace their ancestry back to the Norman and Spanish monarchs who ruled

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and under the rule of the Knights, Malta became the devout Catholic nation it is today. It is worth noting that the Maltese Inquisition (more properly called the Roman Inquisition) had a very long tenure in Malta following its establishment by the Pope in 1530; the last Inquisitor departed from the

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argued that more than 50% of Y-chromosomes from Maltese men may have Phoenician origins. However, it is noted that this study is not peer reviewed and is contradicted by major peer reviewed studies, which prove that the Maltese share common ancestry with Southern Italians, having negligible genetic

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The Neolithic temple builders (3800–2500 BCE) endowed the numerous temples of Malta and Gozo with intricate bas relief designs, including spirals evocative of the tree of life and animal portraits, designs painted in red ochre, ceramics, and a vast collection of human form sculptures, particularly

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was considered "the language of the kitchen and the workshop", while Italian was the language of literature, law and commerce. Until the early 20th century, the vast majority of literary works by the Maltese were written in Italian, although examples of written Maltese from as far back as the 16th

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The theatres currently in use for live performances in Malta and Gozo range from historic purpose-built structures to modern constructions, to retrofit structures behind historic façades. They host local and foreign artistes, with a calendar of events that includes modern and period drama in both

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Malta has always been a maritime nation, and for centuries, there has been extensive interaction between Maltese sailors and fishermen and their counterparts around the Mediterranean and into the Atlantic Ocean. More significantly, by the mid-19th century the Maltese already had a long history of

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in AD 70, following his shipwreck on these Islands. The earliest Christian place of worship in Malta is said to be the cavern in Rabat Malta, now known as St. Paul's Grotto, where the apostle was imprisoned during his stay on Malta. There is evidence of Christian burials and rituals having taken

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Maltese writers developed an uninterrupted local "Italian" literary movement which went on up to about four decades ago, whereas Maltese as a literary idiom started to coexist on a wide scale in the last decades of the 19th century. Whilst Maltese has the historical priority on the level of the

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In 1492, in response to the Alhambra Decree the Royal Council had argued – unsuccessfully – that the expulsion of the Jews would radically reduce the total population of the Maltese Islands, and that Malta should therefore be treated as a special case within the Spanish Empire. Nonetheless, the

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and de Lascaris-Castellar. The Knights took these races very seriously: Bonelli records a proclamation issued by the Grand Masters of the era, which threatened anyone caught interfering with or obstructing a racing horse with forced labour on board the galleys of the Knights. The tradition was

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Under the rule of General Vaubois civil marriages were introduced to Malta, and all non-Maltese clergymen and women were ordered to leave the Islands. A wholesale plundering of the gold, silver and precious art of Maltese churches followed, and several monasteries were forcibly taken from the

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has provided Malta with a virtually continuous exchange of knowledge, ideas, customs and beliefs throughout history. Many modern Maltese families trace their origins to various parts of Sicily and Southern Italy. The geographic proximity has facilitated a considerable amount of intermarriage,

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A much smaller Jewish community developed under the rule of the Knights of Malta, but this consisted primarily of slaves and emancipated slaves. Under the rule of certain Grandmasters of the Order, the Jews were made to reside in Valletta's prisons at night, while by day they remained free to

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The culture of modern Malta has been described as a "rich pattern of traditions, beliefs and practices," which is the result of "a long process of adaptation, assimilation and cross fertilization of beliefs and usages drawn from various conflicting sources." It has been subjected to the same

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further enhanced Malta's importance as a supply station and as a naval base. Prosperity brought with it a dramatic rise in the population, from 114,000 in 1842, to 124,000 in 1851, 140,000 in 1870, and double that amount by 1914. Malta became increasingly urbanized, with the majority of the

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A National School of Art was established by Parliament in the 1920s, and during the reconstruction period that followed the Second World War, the local art scene was greatly enhanced by the emergence of the "Modern Art Group", whose members included Josef Kalleya (1898–1998), George Preca

739:("The Scented Garden of Information about Places"). Al-Himyari describes Malta as generally uninhabited and visited by Arabs solely for the purpose of gathering honey and timber and catching fish. No other chronicles make similar descriptions and this claim is not universally accepted. 966:

over Malta, due in part to trade between the Knights and North Africa, but primarily due to the large numbers of slaves present in Malta during the 17th and 18th centuries: upwards of 2,000 at any given time (or about 5 per cent of the population of Malta), of whom 40–45 per cent were

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in 1060 CE. Accordingly, it is difficult to determine whether some of the Semitic influences on Maltese culture were originally imported to Malta from North Africa, or from Sicily. The Sicilian influence on Maltese culture is extensive, and is especially evident in the

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There was heavy migration from Malta in the early 20th century, and again after World War II until the early 1980s; however the destinations of choice during this period tended to be more distant, English-speaking countries rather than the traditional, Mediterranean

1435:, from 25,000 in 1535 to over 40,000 in 1621, to over 54,463 in 1632. This was primarily due to immigration from Western Europe, but also due to generally improved health and welfare conditions, and the reduced incidence of raids from North African and Turkish 3884:

C. Capelli, N. Redhead, N. Novelletto, L. Terrenato, P. Malaspina, Z. Poulli, G. Lefranc, A. Megarbane, V. Delague, V. Romano, F. Cali, V.F. Pascali, M. Fellous, A.E. Felice, and D.B. Goldstein; "Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome

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on Malta. Globalization and increased Internet usage (approx. 78.1% of the population of Malta as of September 2005) is having a significant effect on Maltese culture; as of 22 December 2006, Malta had the fourth highest rate of Internet usage in the world.

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Due to Malta forming a part of the British Empire in the 19th and 20th centuries, and a considerable amount of intermarriage having taken place during that time period, the existence of British or Irish surnames is increasingly common. Examples include:

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Despite rapidly increasing tolerance and acceptance of alternative lifestyles, Malta offers its gay and lesbian locals and visitors less nightlife options than other Southern European destinations. With the exception of several staple bars (including

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held in London in 1851. Lacemaking is currently taught in Government trade schools for girls, and in special classes organized by the Society of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. Lacemaking is essentially a cottage industry throughout Malta and Gozo.

2105:. Intermarriage with other nationals (especially Italians and Sicilians) was not uncommon. Migrants would periodically return to Malta, bringing with them new customs and traditions that over time have been absorbed into mainstream Maltese culture. 3578:). In Malta, the game is played on a smooth surface covered with coarse-grained sand, with teams of three players. Boċċi clubs are common throughout Malta, but also among the Maltese emigrant communities in Australia, Canada and the United States. 3370:"the females of the island make also excellent lace; the lace mitts and gloves wrought by the Malta girls are bought by all ladies coming to the island; orders from England are often sent for them on account of their beauty and cheapness." 3590:

runs high in Malta and Gozo throughout the summer months. Prowess in this particular sport was the impetus for the foundation, in 1925, of a local Amateur Swimming Association, and Malta's first participation in the Olympic Games, at the

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in Malta have a tendency to pop up, relocate, and disappear from one summer season to the next. However, the local gay population is usually very much in evidence – and welcome – at the mainstream clubs of Paceville and elsewhere.

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in the Mediterranean, and Spanish governance over Malta from 1282 to 1530, are still evident in Maltese culture today. These include culinary, religious, and musical influences. Two examples are the enduring importance of the

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The Roman period introduced highly decorative mosaic floors, marble colonnades and classical statuary, remnants of which are beautifully preserved and presented in the Roman Domus, a country villa just outside the walls of

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It is difficult to trace a continuous line of cultural development during this time. A proposed theory that the islands were sparsely populated during Fatimid rule is based on a citation in the French translation of the

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The period of Spanish rule over Malta lasted roughly as long as the period of Arab rule; however, this appears to have had little impact on the language spoken in rural Malta, which remained heavily influenced by

3341:, although historically it was also worked on black or white silk. It is typically used to make tablecloths, placemats and serviettes, and is periodically featured in couture, and in traditional Maltese costume. 1619:

on Malta strengthened considerably throughout the 19th century. This was due in part to increasing levels of literacy among the Maltese, the increased availability of Italian newspapers, and an influx of Italian

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Throughout the 19th century, Malta benefited from increased defence spending by Britain, particularly from the development of the dockyards and the harbour facilities. The Crimean War and the opening of the

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religious orders. The Maltese were scandalized by the desecration of their churches. A popular uprising culminated with the "defenestration" of Citizen Masson, commandant of the French garrison, and the

1124:) is the architectural and geographic focal point of every Maltese town and village, and its main source of civic pride. This civic pride manifests itself in spectacular fashion during the local village 1759:

population inhabiting the Valletta and the Three Cities. Malta's fortunes waned during times of peace in the early 20th century, and again after World War II, leading to massive waves of emigration.

1055: ... at least during the first few centuries of Roman rule, tradition, customs and language were still Punic despite romanization of the place. This is in agreement with what can be read in the 3268:(1909–1984), Anton Inglott (1915–1945), Emvin Cremona (1919–1986), Frank Portelli (b. 1922), Antoine Camilleri (b. 1922) and Esprit Barthet (b. 1919). Malta has a thriving contemporary arts scene. 2498:(1718). A collection of religious sermons by a certain Dun Ignazio Saverio Mifsud, published between 1739 and 1746, is now regarded as the earliest known Maltese prose. An anonymous poem entitled 1036:. From a cultural perspective, the Roman period is notable for the arrival in Malta of several highly placed Roman families, whose progeny form part of the Maltese nation today. These include the 833:

accompanied the ancient Phoenicians in their voyages across the Mediterranean. The earliest evidence of a Jewish presence on Malta is an inscription in the inner apse of the southern temple of

1277:, which became the primary literary language and the medium of legal and commercial transactions in Malta. A large number of Sicilian and Italian words were adopted into the local vernacular. 1210:

to demonstrate that Malta had been ordained by God as a "bulwark of Christian, European civilization against the spread of Mediterranean Islam." The native Christian community that welcomed

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The long, warm summer nights of Malta lend themselves to a vibrant nightlife, which is at odds with Malta's traditional conservatism and the staunch Catholicism of older generations.

872:, frequently becoming landowners. The Jewish population of Malta had flourished throughout the period of Norman rule, such that one third of the population of Malta's ancient capital, 1677:

for "good evening", still in use today), Napoleon's garrison had a much deeper impact on Maltese culture. Within six days following the capitulation by Grand Master Hompesch on board

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A significant number of slaves converted to Christianity, were emancipated, or even adopted by their Maltese patrons which may have further exposed Maltese culture to their customs.

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and Jews. There were so many Jewish slaves in Malta during this time that Malta was frequently mentioned for its large enslaved Jewish population in Jewish literature of the period.

1808:. Sliema itself, which developed from a sleepy fishing village into a bustling, cosmopolitan town during the British period, once boasted an elegant seafront that was famed for its 1143:

Making allowances for a possible break in the appointment of bishops to Malta during the period of the Fatimid conquest, the Maltese Church is referred to today as the only extant

3638:, which was founded in 1868, boasted one of the longest tracks in Europe, at one and three quarter miles (2.8 km). The first Marsa races were held on 12 and 13 April 1869. 567:

to Malta, probably imported by Sicilian population because of the similarity of Maltese dolmens with similar constructions found in the largest island of the Mediterranean sea.

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and neighbouring Sicily. A busy cruise liner terminal has been developed on the Valletta side of Grand Harbour; however, Malta's primary connection to the outside world is its

793:, it concludes saying, "You who read this, see that dust covers my eyelids, in my place and in my house, nothing but sadness and weeping; what will my resurrection be like?" 3406:). Filigree items that are ubiquitous in Maltese jewellery stores and crafts centres include brooches, pendants, earrings, flowers, fans, butterflies, jewelboxes, miniature 2265:

Radio shows, television programs and the easy availability of foreign newspapers and magazines throughout the 20th century further extended and enhanced the impact of both

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who arrived on the island sometime before 5000 BC. They grew cereals and raised domestic livestock and, in keeping with many other ancient Mediterranean cultures, formed a

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under the pretext of selling merchandise, spreading among the women and simple-minded persons any kind of superstition, charms, love-remedies and other similar vanities.

857:. Members of the Malta's Jewish community are known to have risen to the highest ranks of the civil service during the period of Arab occupation, including the rank of 4210:(Dan il-ktieb jiġbor fih numru kbir ta qwiel u ta' idjomi. L-awtur jagħti wkoll tifsiriet kif bdew il-laqmijiet kollettivi tan-nies ta l-ibliet u l-irħula tagħhna etċ) 1804:

architecture was also introduced to Malta during this period, such as in the Chapel of Santa Maria Addolorata at Malta's main cemetery, and in the Carmelite Church in

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in 2017 and 1999. There are numerous contemporary arts spaces, such as Blitz and Malta Contemporary Art, which support and nurture Maltese and international artists.

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one of Malta's two official languages in 1936, and it has now firmly replaced Italian as the primary language of tertiary education, business, and commerce in Malta.

1499:. As a result, the University of Malta is one of the oldest extant universities in Europe, and the oldest Commonwealth university outside of the United Kingdom. The 2251:. The official languages are Maltese and English. Italian, French and German are also widely spoken and taught in secondary schools, though the latter two less so. 1233:, and contributed to, from the 15th century to the early 20th century, the dominance of Italian as Malta's primary language of culture and learning. Since 1808 all 651:, and settled in Malta. There is also some evidence that at least one North African tribe, the Oulad Said, claim that they share common ancestry with the Maltese. 3163:, and Filippo Paladini, who was active in Malta from 1590 to 1595. For many years, Mannerism continued to inform the tastes and ideals of local Maltese artists. 4124: 1697:

to Malta. Slavery was abolished, and the scions of Maltese nobility were ordered to burn their patents and other written evidence of their pedigrees before the

3545:, and a victory by either of these two teams inevitably leads to spontaneous, and very boisterous street parties and carcades all over the Maltese Islands the 2116:

Emigration dropped dramatically after the mid-1970s and has since ceased to be a social phenomenon of significance. However, since Malta joined the EU in 2004

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Unlike the Jewish experience in the rest of Europe, throughout the Middle Ages the Jews of Malta generally resided among the general population rather than in

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report that 98 percent of the Maltese profess Roman Catholicism as their religion, making Malta one of the most Catholic countries in the world. However, the

3337:, but not necessarily. Genoese-style leafwork is an essential component of the traditional designs. Nowadays, Malta lace is usually worked on ivory-coloured 3132:

movements. Towards the end of the 15th century, Maltese artists, like their counterparts in neighbouring Sicily, came under the influence of the School of

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to Catholicism, or exile, followed. Evidence of these conversions can be found in many Maltese family names that still survive today, such as the families

18: 2483:), circa 1672. The earliest known Maltese dictionary was written by Francois de Vion Thezan Court (circa 1640). In 1700, an anonymous Gozitan poet wrote 1547:, with its emphasis on olive oil, pasta, seafood, fresh fruits and vegetables (especially the tomato), traditional appetizers such as caponata (Maltese: 3170:, who painted at least seven works during his 15-month stay on these islands, further revolutionized local art. Two of Caravaggio's most notable works, 2389:, formerly ex-British Armed forces vehicles, were Malta's main domestic mode of transportation until 2011. From then onwards bus services were run by 5094: 1225:

who caused Maltese bishops to be appointed, as did – on rare occasions – the Spanish and later, the Knights. This continued Malta's connections with

3851: 3623: 1662: 584: 2923:: Built as a raised gun platform at the entrance to the walled city c. 1566, retrofitted and inaugurated as a cultural centre on 22 September 2000 1116:

It is said that in Malta, Gozo, and Comino there are more than 365 churches, or one church for every 1,000 residents. The parish church (Maltese:

2758: 2567:. was published in 1822 (trans. Ġużeppi Marija Cannolo), on the initiative of the Bible Society in Malta. The first Maltese language newspaper, 1721:. With the French blockaded behind the walls of Valletta, a National Assembly of Maltese was formed. Petitions were sent out to the King of the 1079:

families to the Maltese collective, bringing with them various superstitions, proverbs, and traditions that exist within Maltese culture today.

5099: 4745: 3206:. Preti spent the last 40 years of his life in Malta, where he created many of his finest works, now on display in the Museum of Fine Arts, in 1426: 1037: 616:

colony. Phoenician origins have been suggested for the Maltese people and their customs since 1565. A genetic study carried out by geneticists

1032:. Few archeological relics survive in Malta today from the Roman period, the sole exception being the Roman Domus, just outside the walls of 5148: 3826: 2185:

commissioned by the Church of Malta reports that, as of 2005, only 52.6% of the population attended religious services on a regular basis.

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are considered the oldest standing stone structures in the world. The temples date from 4000 to 2500 BC and typically consist of a complex

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Lace making has been prevalent in Malta since the 16th century, and was probably introduced to the Islands at roughly the same time as in

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had been French, and though some French customs and expressions had crept into common usage in Malta as a result (such as the expressions

1644:– who believed that Malta was, at heart, part of the emerging Italian nation – resonated among many of Malta's upper- and middle-classes. 608:

inhabited the Maltese Islands from around 700 BCE, and made extensive use of their sheltered harbours. By 480 BCE, with the ascendancy of

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represented in Malta by statuettes of unusually large proportions. Pottery from the earliest period of Maltese civilization (known as the

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over Malta brought massive waves of immigration to the Islands from Sicily and from the Italian mainland, including clergy and notaries.

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movement that followed was destined to have the most enduring impact on Maltese art and architecture. The severe, Mannerist interior of

4299: 4027:, tom. I, pp. 713 et seq. (1880) Innsbruck; cited by J. Cassar Pullicino, in "Determining the Semitic Element in Maltese Folklore", in 3614:

on 29 June date back to the 15th century. These races form part of the traditional celebrations of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul (

2332:. They typically offer a mix of local and foreign wines, traditional Maltese appetizer platters, and occasionally, live entertainment. 762:

conquered the island, differences in the customs and usages of the inhabitants of Malta were distinct from those in other parts of the

446: 3997: 4320: 4449: 1882:, Chief Justice of Malta, who were suspected by the Colonial authorities of being sympathetic to the fascist cause. Their exile in 1866:

The "culture clash" between pro-British and pro-Italian elements in Malta reached its apex in February 1942, when British Governor

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became the sole written language of Malta, as evidenced by notarial deeds from this period, but this was eventually supplanted by

639:, with some choosing to settle in Malta and others in North Africa, which would suggest that the prototypical Maltese culture had 5832: 2282: 1592:. Centuries of dependence on the Diocese of Palermo brought many Sicilian religious traditions to Malta, including the Christmas 1024:, with the power to control domestic affairs, mint their own money, and send ambassadors to Rome. It was during this period that 635:

legend claims that the ancestors of the present Maltese, together with the first Algerians, fled from their original homeland of

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national languages, musicals, opera, operetta, dance, concerts and poetry recitals. The more notable theatrical venues include:

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A. Bonnici, "Superstitions in Malta towards the middle of the Seventeenth Century in the Light of the Inquisition Trials," in

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There was a resurgence of lace-making in Malta around 1833, which has been attributed to a certain Lady Hamilton-Chichester.

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According to local legend, the earliest Jewish residents arrived in Malta some 3,500 years ago, when the seafaring tribes of

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cross-migration, and trade between the two groups of islands. It is likely that this was just as true during the period of

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Maltese education, in particular, took a significant leap forward under the Knights, with the foundation, in 1592, of the

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when he was ordered into exile; however, this never came to pass. The political writings of Garibaldi and his colleague,

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Whether the origins of Maltese culture can be found in the Eastern Mediterranean or North Africa, the impact on Malta of

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Little is known about the temple builders of Malta and Gozo; however there is some evidence that their rituals included

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The Spanish period also saw the establishment of local nobility, with the creation of Malta's oldest extant title, the

729:. Genetic studies indicate that the Arabs who colonised Malta in this period were in fact Arabic-speaking Sicilians., 238: 4561: 1778:

style of architecture to Malta, evident in several buildings built during this period, including the parish church of

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in 1697, aimed at repressing the wearing of gold, silver, jewellery, gold cloth, silks and other materials of value.

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Car ownership in Malta is the fourth highest in Europe, given the small size of the islands. Like in the UK, traffic

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Further evidence of Christian practices and beliefs during the period of Roman persecution can be found in the many

5141: 2691:, French, Spanish and Italian, and from 1800 onwards, English. The Maltese language today is heavily overlaid with 2620:

in 1861 and 1863, respectively. The same author published the first history book in the Maltese language, entitled

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are increasingly popular among young professionals and the more discriminating tourists, and are popping up in the

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Education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years. While the state provides education free of charge, the

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family, settled in Malta from Spain and Sicily during this time. Other Maltese families of Spanish origin include:

862: 1128:, which mark the feast day of the patron saint of each parish with marching bands, religious processions, special 5391: 5106: 4875: 4807: 2942: 2183: 2147: 1848: 1513: 1477:

Contact between the Maltese and the many Sicilian and Italian mariners and traders who called at Valletta's busy

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was transformed into a Baroque masterpiece by the glorious vault paintings of the celebrated Calabrese artist,

439: 201: 27: 2552:, by Citizen La Coretterie, Secretary to the French Government Commissioner, was published on the occasion of 796:

The population of Malta at that time amounted to no more than 1,119 households, of whom 836 were described as

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with the recent British legacy also in evidence. In the early part of its history, Malta was also exposed to

5703: 5516: 4968: 4694: 2650: 2266: 1856: 1175:. The latter, in particular, were beautifully frescoed between 1200 and 1480; they were defaced by marauding 625: 233: 1345:) that grace traditional Maltese homes today. It is also possible that the traditional Maltese costume, the 865:, there were 47 Christian and 25 Jewish families on Malta, and 200 Christian and 8 Jewish families on Gozo. 5791: 5541: 3542: 3534: 3515: 2505:, was written circa 1749, regarding the uprising of the slaves of that year. A few years later, in 1752, a 2379: 809: 2146:. Most of the teachers' salary in Church schools is paid by the state. Education in Malta is based on the 5713: 5199: 5036: 4828: 4823: 4389: 4153:

G. Wettinger, cited by J. Cassar Pullicino, in "Determining the Semitic Element in Maltese Folklore", in

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on 18 June 1492, giving the Jewish population of Malta and Sicily three months to leave. Numerous forced

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A number of Jewish families resided in Malta almost consistently from approximately 1500 BCE to the 1492

541: 494: 93: 88: 3859: 3537:; however, every four years the World Cup typically sees Maltese loyalties divided between the teams of 3438:, an Athletic Stadium and Tartan Track for athletics, archery, rugby, baseball, softball and netball at 893: 5806: 5758: 5628: 5623: 5089: 4926: 4787: 3626: 3199: 3183: 3160: 3088: 2915: 2671:

century exist. In early Maltese history, diglossia manifested itself in the co-existence of an ancient

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complex, historic processes that gave rise to the linguistic and ethnic admixture that defines who the

555:. This culture disappeared from the Maltese Islands around 2500 BC and was replaced by a new influx of 191: 3264:, informed the "salon" artists of the early 20th century, including Edward and Robert Caruana Dingli. 1705:. A secondary school system was established, the university system was revised extensively, and a new 1539: 5858: 5853: 5345: 5223: 5031: 4958: 4848: 3352: 3152: 2545:

Between 1798 and 1800, while Malta was under the rule of Napoleonic France, a Maltese translation of

1875: 1775: 432: 223: 113: 3963: 1661:, although brief, left a deep and lasting impression on Maltese culture and society. Several of the 1071:

With the division of the Roman Empire, in 395 CE, Malta was given to the eastern portion ruled from

5763: 5588: 5355: 4931: 4887: 3784: 3729:"The OTS Foundation – educational program provider, organizing, exhibiting, operating, researching" 3682: 1535: 400: 290: 196: 152: 4181: 845:. There is evidence of a Jewish community on Malta during the Roman period, in the form of carved 5768: 5730: 5136: 5116: 5021: 5011: 4909: 4650:, Dispensa VIII, 1907, p. 16. Cited by J. Cassar Pullicino, in "Animals in Maltese Folklore," in 3530: 3485:. The race consists of a 607-mile (977 km) route that starts and finishes in Malta, via the 3066:. He is the 1st and 2nd most popular person on social media in Malta, along with his 2nd channel 2260: 1458:

towns and villages, palaces and gardens of Malta, the most notable of which is the capital city,

1164: 763: 693:, was at this time refortified, surrounded with a wide moat and separated from its nearest town, 643:

origins. Another tradition suggests that the Maltese are descended from shepherd tribes who fled

174: 3054:

covers. As of 18 July 2019, he has 2.3 million subscribers on YouTube, 2.6 million followers on

2051:, commemorating the 310 Maltese child migrants who travelled to Australia between 1950 and 1965. 1833: 1824:

Perhaps as an indirect result of the brutal devastation suffered by the Maltese at the hands of

1612: 476: 5688: 4865: 3482: 1016:

From 218 BCE to 395 CE, Malta was under Roman political control, initially as a praetorship of

735: 636: 130: 3905: 3903: 951: 768:

moribus d'aliis de vivunt d'ipsarum d'insularum de homines et constitutionibus, nostri Sicilie

5658: 5618: 5598: 5578: 5481: 5431: 5303: 5288: 5245: 5235: 5174: 5079: 5067: 4953: 4919: 4897: 4870: 4780: 4625: 4427: 3657: 3606:

has a long tradition in Malta. The popular, bareback horse races that take place annually on

3558: 3430:

experienced a renaissance through the creation of a number of athletic facilities, including

2838: 2539: 2139: 2071: 1895: 1747: 1742: 962:

Exposure to Semitic influences continued to a limited extent during the 268-year rule of the

395: 218: 184: 162: 135: 3662: 2881: 822:

through to the present. This is yet another source of Semitic influence in Maltese culture.

39: 5796: 5593: 5255: 5189: 5111: 4941: 4914: 4001: 3900: 3672: 3592: 3546: 3522: 3511: 3349: 3133: 2075: 1809: 1148: 1056: 800:, inhabiting the island following the Norman invasion and before their ultimate expulsion. 206: 179: 1214:

was further bolstered by immigration to Malta from Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries.

8: 5816: 5801: 5748: 5718: 5673: 5668: 5643: 5501: 5350: 5250: 5121: 4313: 3619: 3549:, played between England and Italy, having led to some of the largest in recent memory. 3443: 3395: 3234: 3144: 3063: 2938: 2887: 2672: 2165: 2048: 1666: 1504: 1492: 1487: 1294: 1207: 963: 819: 666: 336: 311: 5786: 4457: 1608:), and the graphic, grim realism of traditional Maltese religious images and sculpture. 709:. It is presently evident in the names of various Maltese towns and villages and in the 529: 5708: 5698: 5648: 5608: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5546: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5506: 5491: 5486: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5335: 5260: 5240: 5209: 5131: 5084: 4999: 4948: 4180:

Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L.; Sollberger, E. (18 September 1975).

3980:

Ibn 'Abd al-Mun'im al-Himyarī, ed. Iḥsan 'Abbās (Beirut, 1975), cited in J.M. Brincat,

3486: 3431: 3362:

is said to be particularly fond of wearing Malta lace. In 1839, Thomas McGill noted in

3230: 3190:. His legacy is evident in the works of local artists Giulio Cassarino (1582–1637) and 2813: 2646: 2564: 2448: 2409: 2369: 2133: 2055: 1899: 1682: 1637: 1440: 1246: 1218: 272: 265: 213: 3245:(1706–1798), who assumed the position of court painter to Grand Master Pinto in 1744. 3211: 2793: 1508: 5811: 5753: 5693: 5683: 5663: 5653: 5638: 5633: 5613: 5583: 5551: 5536: 5511: 5447: 5270: 5194: 5055: 4904: 4882: 4293: 4277: 4253: 4187: 3707: 3692: 3677: 3506: 3253: 3242: 3179: 3096:

the Venus of Malta. These can be viewed at the temples themselves (most notably, the

2692: 2688: 2662:

The development of native, Maltese literary works has historically been disrupted by

2204: 2159: 1923: 1714: 1270: 1211: 1088: 1047:

culture is believed to have persisted long after the Island's incorporation into the

759: 726: 588: 297: 276: 169: 147: 4102: 3241:(1710–1773). The Rococo movement was greatly enhanced by the relocation to Malta of 3151:

painters to decorate their palaces and the churches of these islands, most notably,

1859:

it underwent in the early parts of World War II. The George Cross is woven into the

1261:

Under Roger II, King of Sicily, Christianity was restored as Malta's principal faith

5723: 5678: 5573: 5461: 5424: 5384: 5330: 5293: 5162: 5026: 5016: 4838: 4815: 3883: 3687: 3667: 3378: 3289: 2855: 2788: 2716: 2667: 2517: 2491: 2212: 2200: 2194: 1825: 1779: 1718: 1641: 1633: 1616: 1436: 1414: 1334: 1274: 1222: 1040:

family (originally, "Capo di Ferro"), today one of Malta's premier noble families.

984: 976: 846: 710: 552: 488: 382: 103: 78: 4507: 3261: 2404:

A regular ferry system connects the two main Maltese islands, via the harbours of

2120:

communities emerged in a number of European countries particularly in Belgium and

1886:, which lasted until 8 March 1945, was a source of controversy among the Maltese. 304: 5313: 5298: 5184: 4892: 4860: 4324: 4128: 4109: 3969: 3891: 3759: 3447: 3277: 3238: 3129: 2860: 2818: 2808: 2748: 2738: 2733: 2726: 2684: 2473: 2306: 2270: 2230: 1879: 1812:

style architecture, that was strongly reminiscent of the British seaside town of

1729:, soliciting their aid and support. The French garrison capitulated to Nelson in 1544: 1400: 1329: 1217:

For centuries, leadership over the Church in Malta was generally provided by the

1059:, which call the Maltese "barbarians", that is using a language that was neither 956: 815: 464: 341: 283: 157: 125: 4168:

Missione archeologica italiana a Malta: Rapporto preliminare della campagna 1966

3630:

revived and strengthened after the First World War under British Governor, Lord

2843: 2743: 2043: 1851:

in a letter dated 15 April 1942 to the island's Governor Lieutenant-General Sir

1202:

recount the conversion to Christianity of the Maltese population at the hand of

1179:

in the 1550s. There are also a number of cave churches, including the grotto at

1156:

place in the general vicinity of the Grotto, dating back to the 3rd century AD.

5400: 5360: 5340: 5265: 4980: 4843: 4532: 3812:

J. Cassar Pullicino, "Determining the Semitic Element in Maltese Folklore", in

3702: 3697: 3455: 3427: 3359: 3248: 3191: 3125: 3022: 3008: 2963: 2902: 2898: 2877: 2798: 2778: 2680: 2412:

in Malta, and Mġarr in Gozo. There are also regular ferry services between the

2216: 2208: 2178: 2169: 2094: 1915: 1894:

British traditions that live on in Malta include an efficient civil service, a

1867: 1855:, so as to "bear witness to the heroism and devotion of its people" during the 1852: 1621: 1593: 1581: 1308: 1203: 1176: 1152: 1072: 1060: 1048: 1025: 972: 702: 660: 621: 577: 536:, Sicily. These people were either supplanted by, or gave rise to a culture of 525: 352: 328: 318: 258: 245: 108: 53: 3752: 3348:. Lace was included with other articles in a bando or proclamation enacted by 3078: 463:

has been influenced by various societies that have come into contact with the

5847: 5325: 5308: 4720: 4672: 4367: 4054: 3415: 3334: 3226: 3214:(1639–1667) emerged as one of the top Baroque sculptors of the Roman School. 2763: 2753: 2459: 2413: 2173: 1919: 1860: 1730: 1577: 1521:

itself was known as one of the finest and most advanced hospitals in Europe.

1478: 1281: 1144: 747: 714: 670: 617: 468: 390: 1611:

Despite Malta's rapid transformation into a strategic naval base during the

1320: 1183:, which is a Shrine of the Nativity of Our Lady where, according to legend, 5405: 5318: 4963: 4855: 4569: 3635: 3611: 3603: 3439: 3374: 3308: 3203: 2833: 2783: 2773: 2768: 2553: 2464: 2441: 2086: 1871: 1844: 1722: 1625: 1496: 1482:

Malta prior to the Knights – was also greatly enhanced during this period.

1409: 1168: 1029: 854: 694: 420: 228: 120: 3557:

The Marsa sports complex includes a 68 par golf course, maintained by the

3252:

Malta – favoured and avidly promoted the religious themes embraced by the

3067: 3055: 516:

The earliest inhabitants of the Maltese Islands are believed to have been

3490: 3435: 3330: 3322: 3257: 3137: 2828: 2803: 2535: 1910:. Another British legacy in Malta is the widely popular annual Christmas 1903: 1601: 1451: 1188: 1102: 698: 690: 681:, and the cultivation of citrus fruits and mulberries. Then capital city 2405: 1685:

had given Malta a Constitution and introduced the Republican concept of

1417:, which was written prior to 1485, at the height of the Spanish period. 1137: 834: 3451: 3167: 2823: 2645:(1889), was modelled on traditional Italian historical novels, such as 2121: 2117: 2064: 1907: 1755: 1706: 1701:

that had been hastily erected in St. George's Square, at the centre of

1589: 1465: 1098: 1021: 556: 537: 2722: 2324:

of some of the more picturesque, historic cities and towns, including

2310: 1431:

The population of Malta increased considerably during the rule of the

1147:

other than Rome itself. According to tradition and as recorded in the

34: 4833: 4479: 4090:

The Jews of Malta | The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot

3587: 3494: 3467: 3398:. This included gold and silver ornamental flower garlands (Maltese: 3299: 3148: 3117: 3113: 3051: 2663: 2592: 2521: 2506: 2386: 2373: 2362: 2302: 2286: 2220: 2102: 1911: 1829: 1404: 1341:) in Maltese folk music, and the enclosed wooden balconies (Maltese: 1160: 1133: 1129: 1093: 850: 717:. It is noted that, during this period, Malta was administered from 706: 644: 605: 560: 533: 98: 43: 5416: 4397: 4089: 3982:

Malta 870–1054: Al-Himyarī's Account and its Linguistic Implications

924:

transact business, trade and commerce among the general population.

838: 3607: 3269: 3207: 3187: 3121: 3101: 3100:

and Tarxien Temples), and at the National Museum of Archaeology in

3097: 3043: 3040: 2980: 2968: 2952: 2930: 2920: 2712: 2606:, by Giovanni Antonio Vassallo, was published in 1842, followed by 2560: 2394: 2325: 2110: 1843:

as the dominant source of cultural influences on modern Malta. The

1813: 1702: 1636:, and Ruggiero Settimo. Malta was also the proposed destination of 1553: 1470: 1459: 1350: 1346: 1192: 1184: 996: 983:

brought them into close contact with the Maltese urban population.

797: 774: 754:

gravestone of the girl Maymūnah who died on Thursday, 21 March 1174

640: 609: 504: 2641:

author, Giuseppe Folliero de Luna. Anton Manwel Caruana's novel,

1902:

parliamentary structure, a governmental structure premised on the

1257: 1106: 879: 4772: 4746:"St Julian's feast celebrated with gostra and hunting traditions" 4234:

The Making of Christian Malta: From the Early Middle Ages to 1530

3926:Ħrejjef Missierijietna, Book III: Dawk li jagħmlu l-Ġid fid-Dinja 3459: 3326: 3195: 2941:

in 1574, retrofitted and inaugurated as part of the multipurpose

2601: 2090: 1931: 1927: 1793: 1569: 1563: 1455: 889: 826: 782: 718: 632: 564: 545: 509: 3568:

Another common sport in Malta is a local variety of the game of

1766: 1245:

Islands in 1798, after the Knights capitulated to the forces of

742: 67: 4131:

in Hadassah Magazine. December 2005. Accessed 28 December 2006.

3827:"Phoenician and Punic remains in Malta – The Malta Independent" 3394:) in gold and silver flourished in Malta under the rule of the 3222: 3218: 3059: 2994: 2638: 2398: 2390: 2098: 1883: 1840: 1805: 1585: 1530: 1439:. By 1798, when the Knights surrendered Malta to the forces of 1226: 1076: 1017: 869: 858: 722: 678: 521: 517: 3333:

stuffed with straw, and frequently features the eight-pointed

3124:

Maltese artists, but they were increasingly influenced by the

2432: 1790:

in Valletta, which has a spire dominating the city's skyline.

1284:

architecture can still be found in Malta's ancient capital of

1020:. The islands were eventually elevated to the status of Roman 4990: 4803: 4721:"Gostra is a Sport Featuring People Running Up A Greasy Pole" 3569: 3345: 3338: 3109: 2676: 2481:(The month of May has arrived, with roses and orange blossoms 2472:), followed by Gian Francesco Bonamico's sonnet of praise to 2329: 2082: 1926:

as Christmas treats in place of the more traditional Maltese

1837: 1783: 1289: 1285: 1230: 1172: 1064: 1044: 1033: 968: 940: 939:(Moshé's Farm) attest to the endurance of Jewish presence in 873: 830: 790: 751: 682: 674: 648: 613: 563:

its dead and introduced smaller megalithic structures called

472: 23: 4179: 2142:

and the private sector run a number of schools in Malta and

1473:, one of several built and fortified by the Knights of Malta 570: 5179: 3463: 3314: 3120:

tastes. These tastes continued to inform the endeavours of

3047: 3026: 3012: 2516:

was published in both Maltese and Italian. The occasion of

2458:

The oldest extant literary text in the Maltese language is

2421: 2143: 1110: 786: 3910:

A.E. Felice; "The Genetic Origin of Contemporary Maltese,"

2496:

Specimen Lingua Punicæ in hodierna Melitensium superstitis

2247: 2241: 2235: 2225: 1446:

The period of the Knights is often referred to as Malta's

1324:

The wooden balconies and wrought-iron railings of Valletta

3852:"Phoenicians Online Extra @ National Geographic Magazine" 2357: 1870:

ordered the deportation of 47 notable Maltese, including

4648:

Supplementi periodici all'Archivio Glottologico Italiano

2630:

1863 saw the publication of the first novel in Maltese,

1576:

Sicilian influence is also evident in many of the local

955:

Sculpture of a Muslim slave on the funerary monument of

3728: 4555: 4553: 2971:: Malta's National Theatre, inaugurated 9 January 1732 2675:

and the language of a series of rulers, most notably,

2453: 1600:), the ritual visiting of several Altars of Repose on 1028:

was shipwrecked on the Maltese Islands and introduced

1006: 861:. By 1240, according to a report prepared for Emperor 629:

input from the Eastern Mediterranean or North Africa.

3140:

ideals and concepts to the decorative arts in Malta.

3087:, 1608. Oil on canvas, 361 x 520 cm. Oratory of 2849: 1889: 1367:

Some of Malta's premier noble families including the

1206:. It is suggested that Abela's writings were used by 471:

cultures, and the cultures of the nations that ruled

3260:, tempered by the naturalism introduced to Malta by 2393:. There has also been a railway in the past between 1709:

of law was introduced to the legal system of Malta.

1557:), speciality dishes such as rice timbale (Maltese: 1443:, the population of Malta had increased to 114,000. 4550: 3879: 3877: 3143:The artistic heritage of Malta blossomed under the 1529:Located just 96 km (60 mi) to the north, 1163:that lie beneath various parts of Malta, including 499: 3364:A Handbook, or Guide, for Strangers visiting Malta 1524: 669:and included innovations like the introduction of 4502: 4500: 3801:Ancient Stones: The Prehistoric Dolmens in Sicily 3112:. The early Christian frescoes that decorate the 1770:Parish Church of Sta. Marija Assunta (Mosta Dome) 647:in the face of an advancing enemy, set sail from 467:throughout the centuries, including neighbouring 5845: 3874: 3276:for 2018. Malta has produced a pavilion for the 2572:(The Harlequin, or a mix of English and Maltese) 2033: 4249:The Maltese Cross: A Strategic History of Malta 4157:, (1992) Malta University Press, pp. 71 and 72. 3477:. Since 1968, Malta has also hosted the annual 3116:beneath Malta reveal a propensity for eastern, 2520:in 1760 saw the publication of a collection of 594: 4497: 2164:Today, the Constitution of Malta provides for 1836:, the United Kingdom has replaced neighboring 1427:History of Malta under the Order of Saint John 5432: 4788: 4559: 4040:Zarb, T. Folklore of An Island, PEG Ltd, 1998 3897:, 69, 1–20, 2005. Last visited 8 August 2007. 2951:(Mediterranean Institute Theatre Programme), 2514:(Don Francesco Wizzino's Christian Teachings) 2038: 1165:St Paul's Catacombs and St Agatha's Catacombs 927:Local place names around the island, such as 612:in the western Mediterranean, Malta became a 440: 4236:, Aldershot, Hants.: Ashgate Varorium, 2002. 3473:In 1993 and again in 2003, Malta hosted the 1863:and can be seen wherever the flag is flown. 559:immigrants, a culture that is known to have 4695:"Customs & Traditions : Air Malta" 4594:: A Craft Handed over by the Knights", in 4450:"The 1996 CIA World Factbook page on Malta" 4364:"Merlins Over Malta – The Defenders Return" 3937:L. Cutajar, "X'Igħidu l-Għarab fuq Malta", 2494:appeared in Johannes Heinrich Maius's work 1847:was awarded to the people of Malta by King 1198:The writings of classic Maltese historian, 701:followed the conquest of Malta, Sicily and 583:Present-day Maltese culture is essentially 5439: 5425: 4795: 4781: 4239: 4034: 3992: 3990: 2301:– especially in the traffic-free zones of 1420: 1191:. It has been a place of pilgrimage since 841:, which says, in the Phoenician alphabet: 447: 433: 5095:Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs 4221:Della Descrittione di Malta, (1647) Malta 3803:. Abingdon: Brazen Head Publishing, 2013. 2574:appeared in 1839, and featured the poems 2168:but establishes Roman Catholicism as the 1819: 1717:of a handful of Maltese patriots, led by 1624:to Malta. Several leaders of the Italian 571:The development of modern Maltese culture 4480:"ITU: Committed to connecting the world" 4245: 4084: 4082: 4025:Ex Act. Imperii Ined. seculi XIII et XIV 3510: 3442:, the National Swimming Pool Complex on 3298: 3077: 2916:St. James Cavalier Centre for Creativity 2897: 2721: 2711: 2569:l-Arlekkin Jew Kawlata Ingliża u Maltija 2559:The first translation into Maltese of a 2511:Tagħlim Nisrani ta' Dun Franġisk Wizzino 2431: 2356: 2281: 2054: 2042: 1792: 1765: 1464: 1319: 1256: 1092: 950: 878: 741: 503: 33: 17: 4031:, (1992) Malta University Press, p. 71. 3987: 3816:, Malta University Press (1992), p. 68. 3450:, an enclosed swimming pool complex at 3084:The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist 2983:: open-air theatre in the ruins of the 2081:migration to various places, including 5846: 4718: 4646:L. Bonelli, "Il Dialetto Maltese," in 4298:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3998:"Xewkija Local Council - Gozo - Malta" 3618:), and were greatly encouraged by the 1898:that is based on the British model, a 1349:, is a local variation of the Spanish 475:for long periods of time prior to its 5446: 5420: 4776: 4314:Victor Paul Borg, "Architecture," in 4114: 4079: 3283: 3210:. During this period, local sculptor 3172:The Beheading of St. John the Baptist 2698:According to Prof. Oliver Friggieri: 2277: 2254: 1918:. Most Maltese families have adopted 1868:Lieutenant-General Sir William Dobbie 1628:movement were exiled in Malta by the 1407:. This is evident in Pietro Caxaro's 1292:, most notably in the Palaces of the 1151:, the Church in Malta was founded by 1075:and this new colonization introduced 4327:. Viewed online on 10 February 2007. 3753:Aberystwyth, The University of Wales 2695:and English influences as a result. 2622:Storja ta' Malta Miktuba għall-Poplu 2468:(circa 1470 to 1485) (also known as 1413:, the oldest known literary text in 654: 4426:. 28 September 2007. Archived from 3475:Games of the Small States of Europe 3462:, and regional sports complexes on 3225:influences emerged in the works of 2454:The emergence of Maltese literature 1495:, through the intercession of Pope 1011: 1007:Sources of Latin European influence 13: 4802: 3147:, who brought Italian and Flemish 2866: 2850:Notable writers of Maltese descent 2707: 2199:The national language of Malta is 1890:British traditions in modern Malta 1774:The British period introduced the 946: 888:decree of expulsion was signed in 803: 781:), found in a pagan temple in the 532:) is similar to examples found in 14: 5870: 4768: 4562:"An Overview of the Art of Malta" 4144:, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1966, pp. 156–7. 3622:, especially during the reign of 3062:and 100,137 monthly listeners on 3046:rose to popularity posting video 2635:(Elvira, or the Love of a Tyrant) 2352: 1584:, and in the devotion to certain 843:"To the love of our Father Jahwe" 818:, and again from the time of the 736:Rawd al-mi'ṭār fī khabar al-aqṭār 667:the golden age of Moorish culture 540:temple builders, whose surviving 4989: 4246:Castillo, Dennis Angelo (2006). 4166:Università degli Studi di Roma, 4103:"Il y a aussi des juifs à Malte" 3533:matches. Malta also has its own 3426:Throughout the 1990s, organized 2547:L-Għanja tat-Trijonf tal-Libertà 2529:(Marriage, in the Maltese Style) 2047:Child Migrants' Memorial at the 1797:Neo-Gothic architecture in Mdina 1736: 1358:Barony of Djar-il-Bniet e Buqana 1328:Traces of the ascendancy of the 500:The culture of prehistoric Malta 414: 66: 30:, an annual cultural celebration 4738: 4712: 4687: 4671:. 28 March 2007. Archived from 4661: 4640: 4614: 4601: 4584: 4525: 4472: 4442: 4412: 4390:"Help.com – Live Chat Software" 4382: 4356: 4330: 4316:A Rough Guide to Malta and Gozo 4307: 4266: 4226: 4213: 4208:Qwiel, Idjomi, Laqmijiet Maltin 4200: 4173: 4160: 4147: 4134: 4095: 4070: 4043: 4017: 3974: 3957: 3944: 3931: 3918: 3787:The Megalithic Temples of Malta 3598: 3303:Traditional Maltese lace making 3233:(1657–1747), and local artists 3034: 2943:Mediterranean Conference Centre 2625:(The People's History of Malta) 2550:(Ode to the Triumph of Liberty) 2503:(I am talking about you, Malta) 2490:. A Maltese translation of the 1849:George VI of the United Kingdom 1525:Sicily and the Italian mainland 789:dates back to 1173. Written in 4252:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 4186:. Cambridge University Press. 3844: 3819: 3806: 3793: 3785:"Malta Before Common Era", in 3777: 3764: 3746: 3721: 3294: 3073: 2618:(Legends and Jokes in Maltese) 1906:, and a legal system based on 1632:during this period, including 1252: 1082: 876:, is said to have been Jewish. 758:Up to two hundred years after 599: 1: 4183:The Cambridge Ancient History 3714: 3525:. Many Maltese avidly follow 3434:and a basketball pavilion in 3217:Throughout the 18th century, 3161:Conventual Church of St. John 3015:: inaugurated 20 January 1968 2632:Elvira Jew Imħabba ta' Tirann 2427: 2034:Contemporary culture of Malta 1828:'s Regia Aeronautica and the 1501:School of Anatomy and Surgery 995:strolled along the street of 626:American University of Beirut 5100:Minister for Foreign Affairs 4719:Adrian (13 September 2016). 3984:, Malta, 2d. rev. ed. (1995) 3641: 3581: 3521:Malta's "national" sport is 3155:, whose works appear in the 2657: 2188: 2127: 1171:, just outside the walls of 810:History of the Jews in Malta 595:Sources of Semitic influence 589:Semitic-speaking communities 7: 4725:Ripley's Believe It or Not! 4652:Studies in Maltese Folklore 4155:Studies in Maltese Folklore 4092:". Accessed 5 January 2007. 4029:Studies in Maltese Folklore 3814:Studies in Maltese Folklore 3790:. Accessed 28 January 2007. 3650: 3500: 3402:) and embroidery (Maltese: 3385: 3329:variety. It is formed on a 3274:European Capital of Culture 2987:, inaugurated 8 August 2013 2937:, the main hospital of the 2478:Mejju gie' bl'Uard, u Zahar 2474:Grand Master Nicolò Cotoner 2153: 2061:European Capital of Culture 1536:Arab domination over Sicily 773:The marble gravestone of a 665:This period coincided with 542:monuments on Malta and Gozo 495:Timeline of Maltese history 10: 5875: 4560:Verstraete/BBEdit, Anton. 4122:The Jewish Traveler: Malta 3954:, Malta (1856), pp. 108–9. 3856:ngm.nationalgeographic.com 3774:(2004: Miranda Publishers) 3504: 3306: 3287: 3194:(1630–1716). However, the 2893: 2875: 2538:movement, Maltese patriot 2446: 2367: 2258: 2192: 2157: 2131: 2069: 2039:Emigration and immigration 1740: 1654:French occupation of Malta 1651: 1561:), and sweets such as the 1517:in Valletta, in 1676. The 1424: 1242:Norman and Spanish periods 1140:), and other festivities. 1086: 807: 713:, a genetic descendant of 673:and irrigation systems in 658: 492: 486: 482: 5825: 5777: 5739: 5454: 5378: 5279: 5231: 5222: 5170: 5161: 5063: 5054: 5007: 4998: 4987: 4974:Award of the George Cross 4814: 4622:"Ministry of Education -" 3968:15 September 2008 at the 3913:The Sunday Times of Malta 3516:Ta' Qali National Stadium 3353:Ramon Perellos y Roccaful 2524:verses under the heading 2233:, as well as the letters 1647: 1540:Norman conquest of Sicily 1538:as it has been since the 1187:painted a picture of the 239:Award of the George Cross 4590:Ġużé Cassar Pullicino, " 3895:Annals of Human Genetics 3758:12 December 2008 at the 3683:List of museums in Malta 3563: 3421: 3414:(horse-drawn cabs), the 3390:Filigree work (Maltese: 3166:The arrival in Malta of 2871: 2615:Ħrejjef u Ċajt bil-Malti 2531:, by Dun Feliċ Demarco. 2488:(Unfortunately Innocent) 2436:First page of the novel 1315: 1097:The 12th station on the 777:girl named Majmuna (pr. 578:people of Malta and Gozo 26:during the Feast of the 4101:E. Ochs and B. Nantet, 3552: 3200:St. John's Co-Cathedral 3184:St. John's Co-Cathedral 3089:St. John's Co-Cathedral 2261:Communications in Malta 2059:Valletta served as the 1788:St Paul's Pro-Cathedral 1733:, on 5 September 1800. 1580:, in simple children's 1491:, precursor to today's 1421:The Knights of St. John 991:reported in 1653 that: 935:(The Jew's Garden) and 764:Kingdom of Two Sicilies 5497:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4607:Mincoff and Marriage, 4424:Multiculturalcanada.ca 4420:"Multicultural Canada" 4323:6 January 2007 at the 4170:, Rome (1967), p. 133. 4088:Tayar, Aline P'nina: " 3928:, no. 29 (1903), p. 19 3890:28 August 2013 at the 3518: 3483:Royal Malta Yacht Club 3372: 3304: 3178:are on display in the 3153:Matteo Perez d'Aleccio 3092: 3058:, 781.2K followers on 2997:: Originally known as 2905: 2729: 2719: 2705: 2666:. For many centuries, 2485:Jaħasra Mingħajr Ħtija 2444: 2365: 2290: 2067: 2063:in 2018 together with 2052: 1820:Impact of World War II 1798: 1771: 1659:French rule over Malta 1474: 1325: 1262: 1122:"il-knisja parrokjali" 1113: 1069: 1001: 959: 884: 760:Count Roger the Norman 755: 513: 508:The temple complex of 46: 31: 28:Conversion of St. Paul 4920:Rising of the Priests 4014:Xewkija Local Council 3952:La Reggenza di Tunisi 3658:Architecture of Malta 3559:Royal Malta Golf Club 3514: 3479:Rolex Middle Sea Race 3368: 3302: 3081: 3001:, inaugurated in 1908 2901: 2839:Mikiel Anton Vassalli 2725: 2715: 2700: 2576:l-Imħabba u Fantasija 2540:Mikiel Anton Vassalli 2500:Fuqek Nitħaddet Malta 2435: 2360: 2285: 2072:Emigration from Malta 2058: 2046: 1796: 1769: 1743:Crown Colony of Malta 1468: 1323: 1260: 1200:Gian. Francesco Abela 1096: 1053: 993: 954: 882: 745: 507: 185:Rising of the Priests 37: 21: 5366:World Heritage Sites 4949:British Protectorate 4628:on 29 September 2007 4430:on 28 September 2007 4108:29 June 2016 at the 3772:Malta Before History 3770:David Trump et al., 3673:Freemasonry in Malta 3634:. The racecourse at 3616:il-Festa tal-Imnarja 3595:in Amsterdam, 1928. 3572:or boules (Maltese: 3410:(fishing boats) and 3377:was featured in the 3313:Traditional Maltese 3134:Antonello da Messina 2611:(Legends in Maltese) 2203:, the only official 2076:Immigration to Malta 1673:for "good day", and 1149:Acts of the Apostles 1057:Acts of the Apostles 971:, and the remainder 685:, originally called 369:World Heritage Sites 214:British Protectorate 42:musician playing an 5740:States with limited 4839:Carthaginian Empire 4669:"MALTA RACING CLUB" 4566:Hopeandoptimism.com 4127:6 July 2009 at the 3862:on 26 December 2007 3799:Salvatore Piccolo, 3489:and the islands of 3481:, organized by the 3444:University of Malta 3235:Gio Nicola Buhagiar 3145:Knights of St. John 3136:, which introduced 2957:Collegium Melitensæ 2945:on 11 February 1979 2888:Malta Song Festival 2673:Phoenician language 2166:freedom of religion 2049:Valletta Waterfront 1880:Sir Arturo Mercieca 1780:Sta. Marija Assunta 1699:arbre de la liberté 1615:, the influence of 1503:was established by 1493:University of Malta 1488:Collegium Melitense 1339:il-kitarra Spanjola 1265:The later years of 1237:have been Maltese. 964:Knights of St. John 104:Carthaginian Empire 5448:Culture of Europe 5200:Telecommunications 4876:Byzantine invasion 4829:Megalithic Temples 4596:MALTA – This Month 4572:on 6 December 2008 4460:on 23 October 2012 4057:on 3 February 2009 3831:Independent.com.mt 3733:The OTS Foundation 3663:Għana (folk music) 3519: 3487:Straits of Messina 3305: 3284:Traditional crafts 3231:Francesco Solimena 3157:Magisterial Palace 3093: 3029:: inaugurated 1976 3019:Aurora Opera House 2976:Pjazza Teatru Rjal 2906: 2882:Għana (folk music) 2814:Gioacchino Navarro 2730: 2720: 2579:(Love and Fantasy) 2565:Gospel of St. John 2449:Maltese literature 2445: 2380:drives on the left 2370:Transport in Malta 2366: 2291: 2278:Nightlife in Malta 2255:Telecommunications 2134:Education in Malta 2068: 2053: 1799: 1772: 1638:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1551:) and rice balls ( 1475: 1441:Napoleon Bonaparte 1326: 1263: 1247:Napoleon Bonaparte 1219:Diocese of Palermo 1114: 987:Federico Borromeo 960: 885: 837:(3600–2500 BC) in 816:Edict of Expulsion 756: 514: 141:Byzantine invasion 94:Megalithic Temples 47: 32: 5841: 5840: 5414: 5413: 5374: 5373: 5218: 5217: 5157: 5156: 5127:Political parties 5090:Foreign relations 5050: 5049: 4959:Language Question 4927:French occupation 4883:Kingdom of Sicily 4871:Aghlabid invasion 4598:(September 1997). 4338:"BBC:On This Day" 4280:on 29 August 2008 4076:Godfrey Wettinger 3941:(1932), pp. 97–8. 3708:Politics of Malta 3693:Maltese mythology 3678:Holidays in Malta 3507:Football in Malta 3254:Nazarene movement 3243:Antoine de Favray 2985:Royal Opera House 2608:Ħrejjef bil-Malti 2160:Religion in Malta 1900:Westminster-style 1876:Nationalist Party 1715:summary execution 1212:Roger I of Sicily 1103:Ta' Pinu Basilica 1089:Religion in Malta 727:Emirate of Sicily 725:, as part of the 697:. This period of 655:Aghlabid conquest 457: 456: 224:Language Question 192:French occupation 148:Kingdom of Sicily 136:Aghlabid invasion 5866: 5859:Society of Malta 5854:Culture of Malta 5778:Dependencies and 5714:Northern Ireland 5455:Sovereign states 5441: 5434: 5427: 5418: 5417: 5394: 5387: 5346:National symbols 5229: 5228: 5168: 5167: 5061: 5060: 5005: 5004: 4993: 4942:Independent Gozo 4910:Invasion of Gozo 4905:Hospitaller rule 4797: 4790: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4752:. 30 August 2015 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4675:on 28 March 2007 4665: 4659: 4658:., at pp. 195–6. 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4624:. Archived from 4618: 4612: 4605: 4599: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4568:. Archived from 4557: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4533:"AccountSupport" 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4508:"AccountSupport" 4504: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4456:. Archived from 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4396:. Archived from 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4370:on 16 April 2007 4366:. Archived from 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4334: 4328: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4297: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4276:. Archived from 4270: 4264: 4263: 4243: 4237: 4230: 4224: 4217: 4211: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4177: 4171: 4164: 4158: 4151: 4145: 4142:Melita Historica 4138: 4132: 4118: 4112: 4099: 4093: 4086: 4077: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4053:. Archived from 4051:"Heritage Malta" 4047: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4021: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4004:on 14 April 2010 4000:. Archived from 3994: 3985: 3978: 3972: 3961: 3955: 3948: 3942: 3935: 3929: 3922: 3916: 3915:, 5 August 2007. 3907: 3898: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3858:. Archived from 3848: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3823: 3817: 3810: 3804: 3797: 3791: 3781: 3775: 3768: 3762: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3725: 3688:Maltese language 3668:History of Malta 3620:Knights of Malta 3432:National Stadium 3379:Great Exhibition 3290:Maltese folklore 3237:(1698–1752) and 3229:(1632–1705) and 3039:Popular Maltese 2999:Juventutis Domus 2991:Salesian Theatre 2955:: Housed in the 2939:Knights of Malta 2935:Sacra Infermeria 2856:Trezza Azzopardi 2789:Oliver Friggieri 2717:Oliver Friggieri 2651:I promessi sposi 2526:Żwieġ la Maltija 2229:, also found in 2223:altered letters 2215:is based on the 2213:Maltese alphabet 2205:Semitic language 2195:Maltese language 1874:, leader of the 1826:Benito Mussolini 1719:Dun Mikiel Xerri 1667:Knights of Malta 1642:Giuseppe Mazzini 1634:Francesco Crispi 1630:Bourbon monarchs 1519:Sacra Infermeria 1514:Sacra Infermeria 1235:bishops of Malta 1223:Charles of Anjou 1208:Knights of Malta 1012:Roman municipium 931:(Meyer's Well), 820:Knights of Malta 711:Maltese language 699:Arabic influence 553:animal sacrifice 530:Għar Dalam phase 512:(4th mi-3200 BC) 489:History of Malta 461:culture of Malta 449: 442: 435: 421:Malta portal 419: 418: 417: 207:Independent Gozo 175:Invasion of Gozo 170:Hospitaller rule 70: 61:Culture of Malta 49: 48: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5821: 5779: 5773: 5759:Northern Cyprus 5741: 5735: 5629:North Macedonia 5450: 5445: 5415: 5410: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5370: 5356:Public holidays 5275: 5214: 5153: 5046: 4994: 4985: 4898:Hafsid invasion 4893:Battle of Malta 4888:Norman invasion 4810: 4801: 4771: 4766: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4717: 4713: 4703: 4701: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4606: 4602: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4558: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4506: 4505: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4344:. 15 April 1942 4336: 4335: 4331: 4325:Wayback Machine 4312: 4308: 4291: 4290: 4283: 4281: 4274:"Archived copy" 4272: 4271: 4267: 4260: 4244: 4240: 4231: 4227: 4218: 4214: 4206:Agius, Albert, 4205: 4201: 4194: 4178: 4174: 4165: 4161: 4152: 4148: 4139: 4135: 4129:Wayback Machine 4120:Hecht, Esther: 4119: 4115: 4110:Wayback Machine 4100: 4096: 4087: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4060: 4058: 4049: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4023:E. Winklemann, 4022: 4018: 4007: 4005: 3996: 3995: 3988: 3979: 3975: 3970:Wayback Machine 3962: 3958: 3949: 3945: 3936: 3932: 3923: 3919: 3908: 3901: 3892:Wayback Machine 3882: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3835: 3833: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3794: 3782: 3778: 3769: 3765: 3760:Wayback Machine 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3653: 3644: 3601: 3584: 3566: 3555: 3547:Euro 2020 final 3509: 3503: 3454:, a mechanized 3428:sports in Malta 3424: 3388: 3311: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3278:Venice Biennale 3239:Francesco Zahra 3212:Melchiorre Gafà 3130:Southern Gothic 3076: 3037: 3032: 2933:: Built as the 2896: 2884: 2876:Main articles: 2874: 2869: 2867:Performing arts 2861:Saviour Pirotta 2852: 2819:Dun Karm Psaila 2809:Doreen Micallef 2749:Anton Buttigieg 2739:Lina Brockdorff 2734:Clare Azzopardi 2727:Anton Buttigieg 2710: 2708:Maltese writers 2660: 2534:A child of the 2456: 2451: 2430: 2401:army barracks. 2376: 2368:Main articles: 2355: 2340:, Valletta and 2280: 2271:Italian culture 2263: 2257: 2219:, but uses the 2197: 2191: 2162: 2156: 2136: 2130: 2078: 2070:Main articles: 2041: 2036: 1892: 1822: 1745: 1739: 1656: 1650: 1617:Italian culture 1559:"ross fil-forn" 1527: 1509:Nicolás Cotoner 1429: 1423: 1403:, with Semitic 1330:Crown of Aragon 1318: 1255: 1221:, except under 1091: 1085: 1014: 1009: 957:Nicolas Cotoner 949: 947:Slaves in Malta 883:Alhambra Decree 812: 806: 804:Jewish presence 663: 657: 602: 597: 573: 502: 497: 491: 485: 465:Maltese Islands 453: 415: 413: 406: 405: 401:National anthem 386: 385: 374: 373: 364: 363: 347: 346: 332: 331: 253: 252: 251: 250: 163:Hafsid invasion 158:Battle of Malta 153:Norman invasion 82: 81: 12: 11: 5: 5872: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5833:European Union 5829: 5827: 5826:Other entities 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5783: 5781: 5780:other entities 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5745: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5704:United Kingdom 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5517:Czech Republic 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5444: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5421: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5396: 5395: 5388: 5380: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5285: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5190:Stock exchange 5187: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5149:Chief of Staff 5146: 5145: 5144: 5137:Prime Minister 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5117:Local councils 5114: 5109: 5107:Heads of state 5104: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5022:Fortifications 5019: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4981:State of Malta 4978: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4954:British Colony 4951: 4946: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4880: 4879: 4878: 4873: 4863: 4861:Byzantine rule 4858: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4844:Roman Republic 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4820: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4800: 4799: 4792: 4785: 4777: 4770: 4769:External links 4767: 4764: 4763: 4750:Times of Malta 4737: 4711: 4686: 4660: 4639: 4613: 4600: 4583: 4549: 4537:Aboutmalta.com 4524: 4512:Aboutmalta.com 4496: 4471: 4441: 4411: 4400:on 8 July 2012 4381: 4355: 4329: 4306: 4265: 4258: 4238: 4225: 4212: 4199: 4192: 4172: 4159: 4146: 4133: 4113: 4094: 4078: 4069: 4067:Heritage Malta 4042: 4033: 4016: 3986: 3973: 3956: 3943: 3930: 3917: 3899: 3873: 3843: 3818: 3805: 3792: 3783:Daniel Cilia, 3776: 3763: 3745: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3713: 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Luttrell, 4229: 4222: 4216: 4209: 4203: 4195: 4193:9780521086912 4189: 4185: 4184: 4176: 4169: 4163: 4156: 4150: 4143: 4137: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4098: 4091: 4085: 4083: 4073: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4037: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3991: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3947: 3940: 3934: 3927: 3921: 3914: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3885:Perspective," 3880: 3878: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3832: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3789: 3788: 3780: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3757: 3754: 3749: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3720: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3625: 3624:Grand Masters 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3608:Saqqajja Hill 3605: 3596: 3594: 3593:IXth Olympiad 3589: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3561: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3535:national team 3532: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3470:and Karwija. 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3416:Maltese Cross 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3335:Maltese cross 3332: 3328: 3327:filet-guipure 3324: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3301: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3262:Giuseppe Calì 3259: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3227:Luca Giordano 3224: 3220: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005:Astra Theatre 3003: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2927:Republic Hall 2925: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2904: 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Empire 4754:. 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Retrieved 3732: 3723: 3645: 3615: 3604:Horse racing 3602: 3599:Horse racing 3586:Passion for 3585: 3574: 3573: 3567: 3556: 3520: 3478: 3472: 3425: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3389: 3375:Maltese lace 3373: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3350:Grand Master 3343: 3318: 3312: 3309:Maltese lace 3266: 3256:of artists. 3247: 3216: 3204:Mattia Preti 3175: 3171: 3165: 3142: 3106: 3094: 3082: 3038: 3035:Online Video 3018: 3004: 2998: 2990: 2974: 2962: 2956: 2948: 2934: 2926: 2914: 2907: 2844:Trevor Żahra 2834:Frans Sammut 2784:Henry Frendo 2774:Lou Drofenik 2769:Ninu Cremona 2744:Rużar Briffa 2701: 2697: 2661: 2649: 2642: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2599: 2596: 2595:in Maltese, 2590: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2558: 2554:Bastille Day 2549: 2546: 2544: 2533: 2528: 2525: 2513: 2510: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2469: 2465:Il-Kantilena 2463: 2457: 2442:Frans Sammut 2437: 2403: 2384: 2377: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2307:St. Julian's 2299:pub-crawling 2298: 2294: 2292: 2264: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2224: 2198: 2177: 2163: 2137: 2115: 2107: 2087:Tripolitania 2079: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1936: 1924:plum pudding 1893: 1872:Enrico Mizzi 1865: 1845:George Cross 1834:World War II 1823: 1800: 1776:Neoclassical 1773: 1761: 1752: 1748:British rule 1746: 1723:Two Sicilies 1711: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1657: 1626:risorgimento 1610: 1605: 1597: 1575: 1568: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1548: 1528: 1518: 1512: 1505:Grand Master 1500: 1497:Clement VIII 1486: 1484: 1476: 1469:The city of 1447: 1445: 1430: 1410:Il-Kantilena 1408: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1361: 1355: 1342: 1338: 1327: 1307: 1303: 1300:Gatto Murina 1299: 1293: 1279: 1264: 1239: 1216: 1199: 1197: 1158: 1142: 1136:(especially 1125: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1070: 1054: 1051:in 218 BCE: 1042: 1038:Testaferrata 1030:Christianity 1015: 1002: 994: 988: 981: 961: 936: 932: 928: 926: 922: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 886: 867: 863:Frederick II 842: 824: 813: 795: 778: 772: 767: 757: 734: 731: 686: 664: 631: 603: 582: 574: 550: 520:from nearby 515: 477:independence 460: 458: 396:Coat of arms 234:World War II 121:Roman Empire 15: 5807:Isle of Man 5742:recognition 5689:Switzerland 5624:Netherlands 5256:Immigration 5112:LGBT rights 4915:Great Siege 4866:Arab Period 4834:Phoenicians 4609:Pillow Lace 4284:20 February 4061:20 February 4008:20 February 3627:de Verdalle 3491:Pantelleria 3446:grounds at 3331:lace pillow 3323:bobbin lace 3295:Lace making 3258:Romanticism 3159:and in the 3138:Renaissance 3074:Visual arts 2829:Alfred Sant 2804:Mary Meilak 2643:Ineż Farruġ 2627:, in 1862. 2586:(A Sonnett) 2536:Romanticism 2289:main square 2207:within the 2089:, Tunisia, 1904:rule of law 1857:great siege 1727:Lord Nelson 1602:Good Friday 1452:Renaissance 1295:Santa Sofia 1267:Norman rule 1253:The Normans 1240:During the 1083:Catholicism 894:conversions 691:Phoenicians 606:Phoenicians 600:Phoenicians 580:are today. 180:Great Siege 131:Arab Period 99:Phoenicians 5848:Categories 5659:San Marino 5619:Montenegro 5599:Luxembourg 5579:Kazakhstan 5482:Azerbaijan 5351:Philosophy 5336:Literature 5251:Healthcare 5246:Emigration 5122:Parliament 5037:Localities 3924:E. Magri, 3715:References 3452:Marsascala 3412:karrozzini 3317:(Maltese: 3219:Neapolitan 3176:St. Jerome 3168:Caravaggio 3126:Romanesque 3068:grande1899 3052:note block 2824:Frans Said 2794:Ġużè Galea 2639:Neapolitan 2591:The first 2563:text, the 2428:Literature 2410:Marsamxett 2330:Vittoriosa 2316:Laid back 2122:Luxembourg 2118:expatriate 2097:, Greece, 2065:Leeuwarden 2020:Warrington 2004:Strickland 1968:Harmsworth 1908:common law 1802:Neo-Gothic 1756:Suez Canal 1707:Civil Code 1695:Fraternité 1604:(Maltese: 1596:(Maltese: 1590:St. Agatha 1549:"kapunata" 1448:Golden Age 1362:Università 1337:(Maltese: 1312:families. 1290:Vittoriosa 1280:Traces of 1099:Via Crucis 1022:municipium 985:Inquisitor 557:Bronze Age 538:megalithic 493:See also: 337:Television 312:Literature 5797:Gibraltar 5594:Lithuania 5261:Languages 5241:Education 5210:Transport 5132:President 5085:Elections 5073:Commander 5000:Geography 4679:20 August 4632:6 January 4576:20 August 4542:20 August 4517:20 August 4489:20 August 4464:20 August 4434:20 August 4404:20 August 3866:20 August 3836:20 August 3738:20 August 3642:Il-Gostra 3588:waterpolo 3582:Waterpolo 3495:Lampedusa 3468:Cottonera 3466:, and in 3448:Tal-Qroqq 3400:ganutilja 3392:filugranu 3149:Mannerist 3118:Byzantine 3114:catacombs 3056:Instagram 2959:, c. 1592 2664:diglossia 2658:Diglossia 2647:Manzoni's 2637:, by the 2593:epic poem 2522:burlesque 2509:entitled 2507:catechism 2462:'s poem, 2374:Malta bus 2363:Malta bus 2318:wine bars 2303:Paceville 2287:Paceville 2189:Languages 2128:Education 2103:Lampedusa 2024:Kingswell 1948:Crockford 1912:pantomime 1830:Luftwaffe 1725:, and to 1683:Bonaparte 1405:morphemes 1343:gallerija 1161:catacombs 1134:fireworks 989:(iuniore) 929:Bir Meyru 918:Azzopardi 851:catacombs 707:Aghlabids 645:Bethlehem 534:Agrigento 479:in 1964. 362:Monuments 291:Festivals 273:Mythology 266:Languages 44:accordion 5817:Svalbard 5802:Guernsey 5749:Abkhazia 5719:Scotland 5674:Slovenia 5669:Slovakia 5644:Portugal 5502:Bulgaria 5401:Category 5331:Folklore 5294:Carnival 5271:Religion 5195:Taxation 5180:Currency 5056:Politics 4937:Blockade 4932:Invasion 4849:Invasion 4824:Timeline 4808:articles 4756:28 April 4730:28 April 4704:28 April 4592:Bizzilla 4454:Umsl.edu 4394:Help.com 4342:BBC News 4321:Archived 4294:cite web 4125:Archived 4106:Archived 3966:Archived 3939:Il-Malti 3888:Archived 3756:Archived 3651:See also 3523:football 3501:Football 3436:Ta' Qali 3408:dgħajjes 3386:Filigree 3366:, that: 3319:bizzilla 3270:Valletta 3208:Valletta 3188:Valletta 3122:medieval 3102:Valletta 3098:Hypogeum 3044:Grandayy 3041:YouTuber 3023:Victoria 3009:Victoria 2981:Valletta 2969:Valletta 2953:Valletta 2931:Valletta 2921:Valletta 2689:Sicilian 2561:biblical 2518:Carnival 2406:Ċirkewwa 2397:and the 2395:Valletta 2385:The old 2346:gay bars 2326:Valletta 2322:kantinas 2295:Clubbing 2176:and the 2154:Religion 2111:littoral 2016:Wallbank 2008:St. John 1996:Sixsmith 1980:Mattocks 1964:Hamilton 1896:military 1814:Brighton 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