388:
44:
62:
729:
2276:
798:. The prolific growth of the plants after timber harvest or wildfire events clearly inhibits reforestation efforts, the sprouts competing with native plant seedlings and trees. It is estimated that broom is responsible for US$ 47 million in lost timber production each year in Oregon state. In New Zealand, broom is estimated to cost the forestry industry NZ$ 90 million, and to cost farmers an additional NZ$ 10 million in losses.
2264:
854:
The method used to remove broom is dependent on its prolific seed cycle. Care should be taken to avoid disturbing (aerating, loosening, etc.) the adjacent ground, the sprouting and seedling plants between late spring and mid-fall; late fall through winter (possibly to mid-spring) are preferred times
859:
are young and still green. In cooler, wetter areas pulling is the preferred method, and hand-operated broom pullers are available. Low temperature fires, such as a grass fire, will increase seed germination and new sprouts may form on the burned stumps of mature broom. A spring fire followed by
965:
warns: "Sweep the house with blossomed broom in May/sweep the head of the household away." Broom was also used in a decorated bundle of broom at weddings in place of rosemary when that was scarce, and its strong smell was said to be able to tame wild horses and dogs.
908:. Oxysparteine, produced from the action of acid on the sparteine, is useful as a cardiac stimulant and has the advantage over digoxin that it does not accumulate in the body. A medicinal beer was brewed from this herb, called broom ale, as a remedy for dropsy.
794:. These shrubs are sometimes utilized for civic and public landscaping projects in the American west due to their hardiness, and will seasonally reseed themselves, growing in disturbed areas, and along utility and transportation
423:–10 feet) tall, rarely to 4 m (13 ft), with main stems up to 5 centimetres (2 inches) thick, rarely 10 cm (4 in). Stems are ridged and green. The shrubs have green shoots with small deciduous trifoliate
879:
selected for variation in flower colour, including "Moonlight" with deep yellow flowers, "Andreanus" and "Firefly" with dark orange-red flowers, and growth habit, including "Pendula" with pendulous branchlets.
1074:
1772:
1259:
855:
to eradicate mature plants. There are several methods, cutting, pulling, burning, herbicide or introducing chickens and goats. Drought areas respond well to cutting while the
379:
as well. It is slightly toxic and unpalatable to livestock. It also has seeds that are viable for up to ten years, making them able to grow even after years of extermination.
824:
605:
804:
for broom has been investigated since the mid-1980s, with a number of insect species being tested. Some of the tested invertebrates include the broom twig miner (
529:. The seeds, seedlings, and young shoots are sensitive to frost; adult plants are hardier, and branches affected by freezing temperatures regenerate quickly.
521: in) broad and 2–3 mm thick; they burst open, often with an audible crack, forcibly throwing seed from the parent plant. This species is adapted to
1861:
818:
1962:
3033:
2614:
1450:"Interrelationship between quinolizidine alkaloid producing legumes and infesting insects: exploitation of the alkaloid-containing phloem sap of
1926:
2842:
2702:
1583:
2466:
1832:
1783:
2311:
1551:
1543:
2720:
1267:
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1449:
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2994:
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2565:
1179:
860:
drought conditions will reduce seedling survival. Often new plants will grow from roots or seed, requiring repeated treatments.
2738:
1927:"Best Practices for Invasive Species Management in Garry Oak and Associated Ecosystems : Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)"
2244:
739:
has been introduced into several other countries and continents, outside of its native range, and is commonly classified as a
2668:
2645:
2294:
1998:
3122:
1234:
1627:
1528:
2500:
2461:
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708:
1896:
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2146:
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2058:
1508:
1376:
1209:
1115:
346:
is sometimes used for clarification. In other
English-speaking countries, the most common name is "Scotch broom" (or
1465:
693:. It is found in sunny sites, usually on dry, sandy soils at low altitudes, tolerating very acidic soil conditions.
665:
maritime cliffs and associated environments; differs with prostrate growth; not over 0.4 m tall; downy young shoots.
2904:
2883:
2552:
387:
1733:
K. J. B. Potter; D. J. Kriticos; M. S. Wait; A. Leriche (2009). "The current and future potential distribution of
3020:
2707:
2601:
1407:
Isamu
Murakoshi; Yoshiaki Yamashita; Shigeru Ohmiya; Hirotaka Otomasu (1986). "(−)-3β-13α-dihydroxylupanine from
779:
2023:
1872:
397:
2878:
2743:
209:
2821:
361:
is now common in certain areas of North
America and South America. This is because people started introducing
2689:
1131:
949:
795:
17:
2317:
2531:
2430:
2955:
2829:
2627:
2405:
2376:
2280:
1973:
981:, rulers of England in the Middle Ages, may have been derived from common broom, which was then known as
900:, which is credited to the presence of sparteine. A decoction or infusion of broom can be used to treat
372:
was frequently planted in gardens. Later, it was used for erosion control along highway cuts and fills.
3107:
2999:
2816:
2570:
1662:
3112:
3048:
2909:
2730:
2663:
2268:
1937:
1024:
806:
612:, lupanine, scoparin and hydroxy-derivatives), which defend the plant against insect infestation and
2440:
525:
and coastal climates, and its range is limited by cold winter temperatures. It also adapts to windy
61:
3102:
1602:
1413:
2681:
1807:
1577:
Ashfaq Ahmed Zarri; Asad R. Rahmani; Mark J. Behan (2006). "Habitat modifications by Scotch broom
961:
Broom was considered a sign of plenty when it bore many flowers. However a traditional rhyme from
2808:
996:
842:
801:
3038:
2782:
2619:
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2338:
1840:
1406:
697:
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2123:
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335:
188:
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1746:
1671:
1555:
1422:
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8:
2777:
992:
925:
836:
830:
812:
690:
2518:
1750:
1675:
1426:
1394:
Plants of the
Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska
3069:
2891:
1689:
1482:
767:
476:
357:
Though this plant is native to Europe, it has spread to many other parts of the world.
290:
217:
56:
1434:
1187:
43:
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755:
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2410:
475: in) from top to bottom and 15–20 mm wide. Flowering occurs after 50–80
2936:
2751:
2655:
2397:
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2291:
2117:
2002:
1732:
917:
526:
99:
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2387:
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1238:
988:
682:
678:
662:
319:
315:
86:
1576:
904:
due to its diuretic action. An ointment can be made from the flowers to treat
447: in) long, and in spring and summer are covered in profuse golden yellow
3091:
2505:
2361:
1478:
775:
771:
747:
686:
522:
205:
479:. The seed pods have long hairs only along their seams. In late summer, its
3061:
2860:
2632:
2228:
2166:
2104:
1904:
1737:: a weed of pastoral systems, natural ecosystems and plantation forestry".
1707:
740:
602:
1782:. Oregon State University, College of Forestry. p. 10. Archived from
1213:
3007:
2676:
2578:
2420:
2370:
1448:
Michael Wink; Thomas
Hartmann; Ludger Witte; Joachim Rheinheimer (1982).
787:
728:
586:
323:
2756:
2986:
2544:
1180:"Wild Flowers of the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park, Scotland"
921:
759:
633:
590:
308:
3012:
2249:
Ingrid Parker's Lab • Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology • UC Santa Cruz
1693:
1139:
2583:
2513:
2487:
2323:
1385:
893:
856:
783:
704:
613:
609:
594:
582:
550:
545:
331:
305:
155:
2332:
1652:
Andrew W. Sheppard; Peter Hodge; Quentin
Paynter; Mark Rees (2002).
1391:
533:
contains toxic alkaloids that depress the heart and nervous system.
3056:
2930:
2855:
2715:
2355:
2275:
1004:
969:
In Italy, the shrub was burnt with the intent of stopping witches.
889:
876:
598:
578:
571:
567:
563:
484:
339:
145:
112:
3025:
2606:
2492:
941:
712:
165:
135:
2479:
2263:
2199:
The
Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England
1008:
962:
901:
763:
696:
Outside of its native range, it is an ecologically destructive
537:
480:
448:
125:
791:
617:
574:
311:
73:
1341:"Exotic Species: Scotch Broom (U.S. National Park Service)"
1314:"Exotic Species: Scotch Broom (U.S. National Park Service)"
1290:"Exotic Species: Scotch Broom (U.S. National Park Service)"
905:
424:
933:
1581:
invasion of grasslands of the Upper
Nilgiris in India".
2135:
2133:
2046:
2044:
1105:
924:
is the name of a woman made from the flowers of broom,
1654:"Factors affecting invasion and persistence of broom
1132:"Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (zip file)"
1045:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
2130:
2041:
1773:"Invasive Plant Species Management Plan: Appendix 7"
1963:"Scotch Broom : Cytisus scoparius : Tips"
1499:Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968.
2179:
330:; this name is also used for other members of the
1392:Jim Pojar; A. MacKinnon; Paul B. Alaback (1994).
3089:
2310:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
2115:
1550:. National Invasive Species Information Center,
1163:
732:Broom is an invasive species in North America.
1830:
1584:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1227:
1862:"What's New In Biological Control of Weeds?"
2312:United States National Agricultural Library
2122:. London: Printed for Hugh Newman. p.
1552:United States National Agricultural Library
1369:Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles
995:and five Plantagenet kings of England as a
778:range, fragmented areas of North America's
669:
1366:
368:After it was introduced in North America,
42:
1683:
723:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1812:ODA Plant Division, Noxious Weed Control
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
727:
386:
2177:
2171:
1538:
1536:
1362:
1360:
1159:
1157:
1069:
1067:
1065:
834:) and recently, the broom leaf beetle (
14:
3090:
2292:Garry Oak ecosystems: Invasive species
2190:
570:. The characteristic constituents are
2337:
2336:
2196:
2084:
1335:
1333:
1092:
616:(with the exception of the resistant
3049:a5fb9f99-e103-4cc0-b6cf-33018a44818c
2884:11d1bfa8-ddf9-4676-9f46-9a70ff5979d2
2731:21d804eb-4ece-4737-b7f6-9326233faf7d
1708:"Broom – outside Howard – St Arnaud"
1595:
1533:
1501:Excursion Flora of the British Isles
1357:
1154:
1108:Flora of Britain and Northern Europe
1062:
888:Broom contains scoparin, which is a
322:. In Great Britain and Ireland, the
24:
2328:University of California, Berkeley
2237:
1330:
1106:M. Blamey; C. Grey-Wilson (1989).
987:in Latin. The plant was used as a
828:), the Scotch broom seed weevil (
365:to different areas of the world.
25:
3134:
2256:
1833:"New bio-controls for pest plant"
1544:"Species Profile – Scotch Broom (
1519:Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012.
627:
557:
2822:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:489963-1
2274:
2262:
2024:"Cytisus scoparius, C. striatus"
1759:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00697.x
1685:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00750.x
1603:"Cytisus scoparius, C. striatus"
972:
651:- throughout the species' range.
60:
2304:Species Profile - Scotch Broom(
2215:
2153:
2109:
2064:
2016:
1991:
1955:
1919:
1889:
1871:. November 2006. Archived from
1854:
1824:
1800:
1765:
1726:
1700:
1645:
1620:
1570:
1513:
1493:
1441:
1400:
1306:
1282:
1075:"Flora Europaea Search Results"
822:), sap-sucking broom psyllids (
786:(where it is a declared weed),
1466:Zeitschrift für Naturforschung
1252:
1202:
1172:
1124:
1037:
892:. The plant also is used as a
863:
849:
409:typically grow to 1–3 metres (
382:
375:There are other problems with
13:
1:
2162:The Mafia: A Cultural History
1435:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85514-4
1030:
950:Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi
487:) mature black, 2–3 cm (
2186:. New York: Popular Library.
1831:Press release (2008-02-12).
7:
3123:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2287:Bioimages – numerous photos
2251:. Joint Base Lewis-McChord.
1897:"CSIRO: Biological control"
1164:H. Vedel; J. Lange (1960).
1018:
948:. Her story is part of the
871:is widely cultivated as an
511: in) long, 8 mm (
350:); however, it is known as
10:
3139:
2178:Costain, Thomas B (1962).
1663:Journal of Applied Ecology
1110:. Hodder & Stoughton.
911:
718:
2920:
2345:
2116:Lightbody, James (1695).
1780:McDonald-Dunn Forest Plan
1523:. Cork University Press.
1396:. Redmond, WA: Lone Pine.
1025:Broom of the Cowdenknowes
840:) and broom shoot moths (
807:Leucoptera spartifoliella
398:Köhler's Medicinal Plants
223:
216:
194:
187:
57:Scientific classification
55:
50:
41:
34:
3118:Plants described in 1753
2119:Every Man His Own Gauger
2100:Dictionary of Plant Lore
1479:10.1515/znc-1982-11-1206
825:Arytainilla spartiophila
670:Distribution and habitat
1371:. London: John Murray.
1235:"What is Scotch Broom?"
883:
843:Agonopterix assimilella
810:), broom seed beetles (
606:quinolizidine alkaloids
1901:Landcareresearch.co.nz
1264:Agriculture.vic.gov.au
733:
724:As an invasive species
581:in the young shoots),
544:in the soil through a
402:
244:Sarothamnus oxyphyllus
27:Ornamental broom shrub
2224:The Heraldic Register
2182:The Conquering Family
1714:. Nelson City Council
1521:Webb's An Irish Flora
816:), broom gall mites (
731:
390:
294:Sarothamnus scoparius
252:Sarothamnus scoparius
2271:at Wikimedia Commons
1473:(11–12): 1081–1086.
1184:Lenymede.demon.co.uk
1079:Rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk
1013:Charles VI of France
979:House of Plantagenet
955:Math son of Mathonwy
260:Sarothamnus vulgaris
236:Sarothamnus bourgaei
2197:Jones, Dan (2013).
1907:on 29 February 2008
1751:2009WeedR..49..271P
1676:2002JApEc..39..721S
1503:. Cambridge Press.
1454:by the broom aphid
1427:1986PChem..25..521M
1367:W. J. Bean (1970).
1007:, was the personal
993:Geoffrey V of Anjou
930:Filipendula ulmaria
837:Gonioctena olivacea
831:Exapion fuscirostre
813:Bruchidius villosus
691:Republic of Ireland
477:growing degree-days
2922:Spartium scoparium
2297:2019-08-21 at the
1190:on 14 October 2006
1168:. London: Metheun.
1142:on 3 February 2007
944:to be the wife of
802:Biological control
734:
709:shrub and woodland
685:, being common in
589:and scoparoside),
548:relationship with
427:5–15 millimetres (
403:
268:Spartium scoparium
3108:Flora of Scotland
3085:
3084:
2783:Cytisus scoparius
2765:Open Tree of Life
2721:Cytisus~scoparius
2467:Cytisus_scoparius
2441:cytisus-scoparius
2377:Cytisus scoparius
2347:Cytisus scoparius
2339:Taxon identifiers
2319:Cytisus scoparius
2306:Cytisus scoparius
2281:Cytisus scoparius
2269:Cytisus scoparius
2267:Media related to
2221:J. Bernard Burke
2159:Roberto Dainotto
2141:, Grieve, Maude,
2073:, Grieve, Maude,
2053:, Grieve, Maude,
1869:Landcare Research
1837:Landcare Research
1735:Cytisus scoparius
1656:Cytisus scoparius
1632:Dpipwe.tas.gov.au
1579:Cytisus scoparius
1546:Cytisus scoparius
1452:Cytisus scoparius
1409:Cytisus scoparius
1270:on 16 August 2018
938:Math fab Mathonwy
898:cardiac stimulant
869:Cytisus scoparius
737:Cytisus scoparius
675:Cytisus scoparius
661:(Rouy) Heywood -
655:Cytisus scoparius
645:Cytisus scoparius
638:Cytisus scoparius
566:of this plant is
540:, this shrub can
531:C. scoparius
286:Cytisus scoparius
282:
281:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
198:Cytisus scoparius
180:C. scoparius
36:Cytisus scoparius
16:(Redirected from
3130:
3113:Flora of Ireland
3078:
3077:
3065:
3064:
3052:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3029:
3028:
3016:
3015:
3003:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2899:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2798:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2746:
2734:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2697:
2695:NBNSYS0000003214
2685:
2684:
2672:
2671:
2659:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2636:
2635:
2623:
2622:
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2609:
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2560:
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2535:
2534:
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2521:
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2508:
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2483:
2482:
2470:
2469:
2457:
2456:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2334:
2333:
2326:photo database,
2279:Data related to
2278:
2266:
2252:
2231:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2175:
2169:
2157:
2151:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2113:
2107:
2095:
2082:
2068:
2062:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2001:. Archived from
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1972:. Archived from
1967:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1936:. Archived from
1931:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1903:. Archived from
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1866:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1839:. Archived from
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1777:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1607:www.feis-crs.org
1599:
1593:
1592:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:on July 26, 2013
1554:. Archived from
1540:
1531:
1517:
1511:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1462:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1266:. Archived from
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1237:. Archived from
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1212:. Archived from
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1186:. Archived from
1176:
1170:
1169:
1166:Trees and Bushes
1161:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1138:. Archived from
1128:
1122:
1121:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1071:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1049:Theplantlist.org
1041:
977:The name of the
946:Lleu Llaw Gyffes
873:ornamental plant
780:eastern seaboard
756:Vancouver Island
752:British Columbia
744:invasive species
701:invasive species
663:Western European
562:One of the main
527:oceanic climates
520:
519:
515:
510:
509:
505:
502:
496:
495:
491:
474:
473:
469:
466:
460:
459:
455:
446:
445:
441:
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391:Illustration of
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200:
65:
64:
46:
32:
31:
21:
3138:
3137:
3133:
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3127:
3103:Flora of Europe
3088:
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2752:Observation.org
2750:
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2653:MichiganFlora:
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2396:
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2299:Wayback Machine
2259:
2243:
2240:
2238:Further reading
2235:
2234:
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2209:
2195:
2191:
2176:
2172:
2158:
2154:
2139:A Modern Herbal
2138:
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2114:
2110:
2096:
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2071:A Modern Herbal
2069:
2065:
2051:A Modern Herbal
2049:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
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1961:
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1943:on 22 July 2018
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1717:
1715:
1712:Pest Management
1706:
1705:
1701:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1591:(2–3): 356–365.
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1529:978-185918-4783
1518:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1460:
1456:Aphis cytisorum
1446:
1442:
1405:
1401:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1365:
1358:
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1320:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1260:"English broom"
1258:
1257:
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1244:
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1038:
1033:
1021:
975:
918:Welsh mythology
914:
886:
875:, with several
866:
852:
819:Aceria genistae
726:
721:
672:
630:
622:Aphis cytisorum
560:
517:
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507:
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471:
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451:20–30 mm (
443:
439:
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429:
428:
419:
415:
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385:
342:; and the term
334:tribe, such as
278:
275:
255:(L.) W.D.J.Koch
229:
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212:
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196:
183:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
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3126:
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3083:
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3079:
3075:wfo-0000192893
3066:
3053:
3043:
3030:
3017:
3004:
2991:
2978:
2965:
2952:
2942:
2926:
2924:
2918:
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2897:wfo-0000213711
2888:
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2852:
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2787:
2774:
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2315:
2301:
2289:
2284:
2283:at Wikispecies
2272:
2258:
2257:External links
2255:
2254:
2253:
2245:"Scotch Broom"
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2214:
2207:
2189:
2170:
2152:
2129:
2108:
2083:
2063:
2040:
2015:
1999:"Broombusters"
1990:
1979:on 27 May 2015
1970:Bcinvasives.ca
1954:
1918:
1888:
1853:
1823:
1808:"Scotch broom"
1799:
1764:
1745:(3): 271–282.
1725:
1699:
1670:(5): 721–734.
1644:
1619:
1594:
1569:
1532:
1512:
1492:
1440:
1421:(2): 521–524.
1414:Phytochemistry
1399:
1384:
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989:heraldic badge
984:planta genista
974:
971:
952:, the tale of
913:
910:
885:
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862:
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754:(including on
725:
722:
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683:central Europe
671:
668:
667:
666:
652:
629:
628:Classification
626:
601:), as well as
559:
558:Phytochemicals
556:
384:
381:
354:in Australia.
320:central Europe
280:
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2208:9780670026654
2204:
2200:
2193:
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2168:
2165:, p. 106, at
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2147:9780486227986
2144:
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2134:
2125:
2121:
2120:
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2106:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2092:
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2088:
2081:, pp 126-127
2080:
2079:9780486227986
2076:
2072:
2067:
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2059:9780486227986
2056:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2005:on 2015-05-27
2004:
2000:
1994:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1922:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1878:on 2007-12-11
1874:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1843:on 2008-03-06
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1789:on 2014-05-04
1785:
1781:
1774:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:Weed Research
1736:
1729:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1658:in Australia"
1657:
1648:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1557:
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1510:
1509:0-521-04656-4
1506:
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1496:
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1378:0-7195-1790-7
1374:
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1346:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1295:
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1285:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1241:on 2006-12-05
1240:
1236:
1230:
1216:on 2006-10-06
1215:
1211:
1210:"GardenWorld"
1205:
1189:
1185:
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1133:
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973:Royal symbols
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820:
815:
814:
809:
808:
803:
799:
797:
796:rights-of-way
793:
789:
785:
782:, as well as
781:
777:
776:Sierra Nevada
773:
770:(west of the
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:North America
745:
742:
738:
730:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
699:
694:
692:
688:
687:Great Britain
684:
680:
677:is native to
676:
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523:Mediterranean
486:
482:
478:
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408:
400:
399:
394:
389:
380:
378:
373:
371:
366:
364:
360:
355:
353:
352:English broom
349:
345:
341:
340:Spanish broom
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:standard name
321:
317:
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307:
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295:
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288:
287:
269:
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233:
231:
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222:
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207:
201:
199:
193:
190:
189:Binomial name
186:
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176:
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172:
169:
168:
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161:
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127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
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104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Tracheophytes
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
51:Common broom
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
18:Broom (shrub)
2921:
2346:
2318:
2305:
2248:
2229:Google Books
2227:, p. 65, at
2222:
2217:
2198:
2192:
2181:
2173:
2167:Google Books
2160:
2155:
2140:
2118:
2111:
2105:Google Books
2103:, p. 47, at
2098:
2070:
2066:
2050:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:
2018:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:the original
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1969:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1938:the original
1933:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:the original
1900:
1891:
1880:. Retrieved
1873:the original
1856:
1845:. Retrieved
1841:the original
1826:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1791:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1779:
1767:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:the original
1545:
1520:
1515:
1500:
1495:
1470:
1464:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1393:
1387:
1368:
1348:. Retrieved
1344:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:
1308:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:the original
1263:
1254:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:the original
1229:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1183:
1174:
1165:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1135:
1126:
1107:
1082:. Retrieved
1078:
1052:. Retrieved
1048:
1039:
1000:
997:royal emblem
983:
982:
976:
968:
960:
953:
929:
915:
887:
868:
867:
853:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
800:
750:, mainly in
736:
735:
711:, and other
695:
674:
673:
658:
654:
648:
644:
637:
631:
621:
603:allelopathic
561:
549:
542:fix nitrogen
535:
530:
407:C. scoparius
406:
404:
396:
393:C. scoparius
392:
377:Scotch broom
376:
374:
370:Scotch broom
369:
367:
363:Scotch broom
362:
359:Scotch broom
358:
356:
351:
347:
344:common broom
343:
336:French broom
327:
302:Scotch broom
301:
298:common broom
297:
293:
285:
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283:
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
197:
195:
179:
178:
166:
119:
106:
93:
80:
35:
29:
3008:iNaturalist
2677:NatureServe
2579:iNaturalist
2371:Wikispecies
2097:D.C. Watts
1345:www.nps.gov
1318:www.nps.gov
1294:www.nps.gov
1136:Bsbi.org.uk
926:meadowsweet
864:Cultivation
850:Eradication
788:New Zealand
746:in western
591:isoflavones
587:spiraeoside
383:Description
348:Scots broom
152:Subfamily:
100:Angiosperms
3092:Categories
2791:Plant List
2428:Calflora:
2201:. Viking.
2009:2015-05-27
1882:2008-03-02
1847:2008-03-02
1817:2006-09-03
1793:2006-12-20
1718:8 February
1562:October 9,
1350:2021-04-02
1323:2024-08-13
1299:2024-08-13
1245:2006-11-20
1220:2006-12-17
1031:References
932:) and the
922:Blodeuwedd
768:Washington
760:California
698:colonizing
634:subspecies
614:herbivores
595:glycosides
593:and their
583:flavonoids
554:bacteria.
405:Plants of
314:native to
309:leguminous
2937:Q21877510
2532:242316730
2514:FloraBase
2438:Cal-IPC:
2324:CalPhotos
2033:15 August
2028:Fs.fed.us
1983:15 August
1947:15 August
1911:15 August
1637:15 August
1612:18 August
1274:15 August
1194:15 August
1146:15 August
1084:15 August
1001:broomscod
896:and as a
894:cathartic
877:cultivars
857:seed pods
790:, and in
784:Australia
705:grassland
659:maritimus
649:scoparius
610:sparteine
564:alkaloids
551:Rhizobium
546:symbiotic
485:seed pods
332:Genisteae
306:deciduous
174:Species:
156:Faboideae
70:Kingdom:
3062:13033146
3057:Tropicos
3039:10178171
3026:519098-1
2931:Wikidata
2879:VicFlora
2868:VASCAN:
2861:13029962
2856:Tropicos
2796:ild-8778
2716:NSWFlora
2682:2.138657
2620:10174033
2607:489963-1
2462:eFloraSA
2418:BioLib:
2356:Wikidata
2295:Archived
2149:, p. 126
2061:, p. 127
1934:Goert.ca
1054:April 3,
1019:See also
1005:seed-pod
890:diuretic
772:Cascades
713:habitats
632:The two
620:species
608:(mostly
599:genistin
579:tyramine
577:(mostly
572:biogenic
568:cytisine
218:Synonyms
146:Fabaceae
142:Family:
113:Eudicots
3098:Cytisus
2987:5354657
2664:MoBotPF
2545:5354656
2362:Q145781
2322:in the
1747:Bibcode
1672:Bibcode
1628:"Broom"
1487:6640269
1423:Bibcode
942:Gwydion
912:Culture
774:), the
741:noxious
719:Ecology
679:western
657:subsp.
647:subsp.
516:⁄
506:⁄
492:⁄
481:legumes
470:⁄
456:⁄
449:flowers
442:⁄
432:⁄
418:⁄
316:western
304:, is a
296:), the
167:Cytisus
162:Genus:
136:Fabales
132:Order:
74:Plantae
3046:NZOR:
3013:406104
2961:161060
2948:126238
2945:APDB:
2910:594765
2804:PLANTS
2728:NZOR:
2669:280453
2646:501966
2506:171757
2480:703895
2411:100521
2395:APDB:
2205:
2145:
2077:
2057:
1694:827200
1692:
1548:(L.))"
1527:
1507:
1485:
1375:
1114:
1009:emblem
999:. The
963:Sussex
902:dropsy
764:Oregon
640:are:
575:amines
538:legume
425:leaves
401:(1887)
247:Boiss.
239:Boiss.
126:Rosids
3034:IRMNG
3000:35194
2974:4YF5Z
2905:WoRMS
2848:360-4
2843:SANBI
2809:CYSC4
2770:91393
2739:NZPCN
2633:17610
2615:IRMNG
2591:IPA:
2584:48538
2571:13019
2519:43141
2501:EUNIS
2493:SAOSC
2454:33S3C
2421:39874
2398:65883
2385:APA:
1977:(PDF)
1966:(PDF)
1941:(PDF)
1930:(PDF)
1876:(PDF)
1865:(PDF)
1787:(PDF)
1776:(PDF)
1690:JSTOR
1483:S2CID
1461:(PDF)
1003:, or
792:India
618:aphid
395:from
328:broom
312:shrub
263:Wimm.
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
81:Clade
3021:IPNI
2995:GRIN
2982:GBIF
2956:APNI
2871:5709
2835:5254
2817:POWO
2778:PfaF
2757:6678
2744:3839
2708:3835
2703:NCBI
2656:1284
2641:ITIS
2602:IPNI
2594:4408
2566:GRIN
2553:GISD
2540:GBIF
2488:EPPO
2431:2601
2406:APNI
2388:1916
2203:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2075:ISBN
2055:ISBN
2035:2018
1985:2018
1949:2018
1913:2018
1720:2012
1639:2018
1614:2019
1564:2013
1525:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1276:2018
1196:2018
1148:2018
1112:ISBN
1086:2018
1056:2014
940:and
906:gout
884:Uses
689:and
681:and
318:and
291:syn.
227:List
210:Link
3070:WFO
2969:CoL
2892:WFO
2830:RHS
2690:NBN
2628:ISC
2558:441
2527:FNA
2475:EoL
2449:CoL
2124:100
1755:doi
1680:doi
1589:103
1475:doi
1431:doi
1411:".
1011:of
991:by
936:by
934:oak
916:In
846:).
758:),
703:in
636:of
624:).
338:or
326:is
300:or
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2247:.
2132:^
2086:^
2043:^
2026:.
1968:.
1932:.
1899:.
1867:.
1835:.
1810:.
1778:.
1753:.
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1741:.
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1471:37
1469:.
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1316:.
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1015:.
958:.
920:,
766:,
762:,
715:.
707:,
536:A
271:L.
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206:L.
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109::
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2314:.
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518:8
514:3
508:4
504:1
501:+
499:1
497:–
494:4
490:3
483:(
472:8
468:1
465:+
463:1
461:–
458:4
454:3
444:8
440:5
437:–
434:4
430:1
420:2
416:1
413:+
411:3
289:(
204:(
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