326:
175:
equipment, veterinary care and humane slaughter. If an animal is infected or suspected to have an illness, it is the responsibility of the owners to report it immediately to a practicing veterinarian for either treatment or euthanasia. Depending on a multitude of factors (season, type of production system, stocking density, etc.), illness and disease can spread quickly through the herd from animal to animal. Owners are expected to monitor their cattle's condition regularly for early detection and treatment, as some cattle illnesses can threaten both cattle and human health (known as
1791:
1777:
388:
20:
32:
166:, depending on the cow and the size of the herd. Cattle are normally bred during the summer so that calving may occur the following spring. However, cattle breeding can occur at other times of year. Depending on the operation, calving may occur all year round. Owners can select the breeding time based on a number of factors, including reproductive performance, seasonal cattle pricing and handling facilities.
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249:
are all viable feed options. Despite this, 3/4th of the 32 pounds (14.52 kg) of feed cattle consume each day will be corn. Cattle weighing 1000 lbs. will drink an average of 41 L a day, and approximately 82 L in hot weather. They need a constant supply of good quality feed and potable water
174:
Cattle handlers are expected to maintain a low-stress environment for their herds, involving constant safety, health, comfort, nourishment and humane handling. According to the
Canadian National Farm Animal Care Council, beef cattle must have access to shelter from extreme weather, safe handling and
161:
Most beef cattle are mated naturally, whereby a bull is released into a herd of cows approximately 55 days after the calving period, depending on the cows' body condition score (BCS). If it was a cow's first time calving, she will take longer to re-breed by at least 10 days. However, beef cattle can
285:
Slaughtering of livestock has three distinct stages: preslaughter handling, stunning, and slaughtering. The biggest concern is preslaughter handling: how the animal is treated before it is stunned and slaughtered. Stress at this time can cause adverse effects on the meat, but water access and lower
302:
use captive bolts instead of guns. Stunning ensures the animal feels no pain during slaughtering and reduces the animals stress, therefore increasing the quality of meat. The final step is slaughtering. Typically the animal will be hung by its back leg and its throat will be slit to allow
1525:
A breed of cattle native to the autonomous community of
Galicia in north-western Spain. It is raised mainly for meat. It is distributed throughout Galicia, with about 75% of the population concentrated in the province of Lugo. The coat may be red-blond, wheaten, or cinnamon-coloured.
228:
Some animals live on pasture their entire lives and therefore only experience fresh grass; these are typically cow-calf operations in more tropical climates. Backgrounded calves and feedlot animals tend to have different diets that contain more grain than the pasture type.
1422:
Indigenous to the Pinz Valley. Dairy cattle in Europe, but well-adapted to drier landscapes of the US, Australia and South Africa, where they are kept for beef production. Solid red with very distinctive white blaze from wither, down to tail tip and underside.
153:
from
Switzerland is a prime example. Not only are they a dual-purpose breed for beef and dairy, but in the past they were also used for draught. However, throughout the generations, the breed has diverged into two groups through
1348:
Extremely hardy breed developed by the Nguni tribes for harsh
African conditions. Originally derived from the African Sanga cattle, although quite distinct. Three subgroups are recognized: Makhatini, Swazi and Pedi.
2305:
1701:
Various colours, with very long, tapering, upswept horns – extending as much as 80 inches (2.0 m) tip to tip. Very hardy in dry climates. Light-muscled, so bulls often used for first-calf heifers.
269:
that weighs 1,000 lb (450 kg) when alive makes a carcass weighing approximately 615 lb (280 kg) once the blood, head, feet, skin, offal and guts are removed. The carcass is then hung in a
77:
operations. The production cycle of the animals starts at cow-calf operations; this operation is designed specifically to breed cows for their offspring. From here the calves are backgrounded for a
1572:
The breed typically has a white or grey coloured body and is black around the neck and has a black tail switch. The head is medium-sized with a short strong neck, small ears, short horns, small
895:
Hardy, small, athletic, criollo-type, descended from
Iberian cattle. Used in rodeo sports, noted for lean meat. Short horns, various colors, often spotted. Also called Criollo or Chinampo.
980:
Red or brindle, with white back and belly. Very long cylindrical horns usually spreading sideways or downwards, often curving and even eventually making a circle. Medium size, hardy.
2085:
Weichenthal, B. A; Russell, H. G (1970): "Beef cattle feeding suggestions : nutrient requirements, balancing rations, protein supplements, suggested rations" Urbana, IL :
1008:
Small, criollo-type descended from cattle brought to the
Southern U.S. by the Spanish conquistadors. Adapted to subtropical climate, parasite-resistant. An endangered breed.
190:
On average, cattle will consume 1.4 to 4% of their body weight daily. There is a range of types of feed available for these animals. The standard text in the United States,
253:
Most Beef cattle are finished in feedlots. The first feedlots were constructed in the early 1950s. Some of these feedlots grew so large they warranted a new designation, "
211:
278:
or packing house, with the finished carcass resulting in approximately 430 lb (200 kg) of beef. Depending on what cuts of meat are desired, there is a scale of
1857:
738:
cows; used to obtain beef offspring from dairy cows. Not maintained as a separate breed, although females may be used for further breeding with other beef bulls.
196:
1638:
Bred for efficiency, moderate-sized cow, red or black, polled, composite of native and continental breeds - originally Angus, Hereford, Simmental and
Gelbvieh.
282:
used to determine the quality. Marbling is the fat that is within the muscle, not around it. The more marbled a cut is, the higher it will grade and be worth.
995:
Red pied or solid red, polled or horned. Sturdy dual-purpose for beef and dairy. Formerly triple-purpose (beef, dairy and draught). Fast-growing if well-fed.
340:
Cattle farming is one of the most emissive forms of food generation, and least effective uses of land and water as resources. Cattle emit large amounts of
122:
1304:
Grey or silver polled cattle developed from a roan
Shorthorn cow and an Angus bull. Easy-care versatile cattle that have been exported to many countries.
1982:
1630:
1409:
Landrace heritage endangered breed, lean, small, adapted to climate of the Deep South, disease-resistant. Short horns, various colors, often spotted.
1952:
1034:
Grey, hardy, maternal breed. Good growth and conformation of calves. Suitable for all farming systems, bred pure or crossed with a terminal sire.
1496:
Bred primarily for beef production; often used as draught beasts in the past. White or grey with black pigmented skin and upward curving horns.
2069:
286:
stocking densities have been allowed to minimize this. However, access to feed is restricted for 12–24 hours prior to slaughtering for ease of
352:, have cited beef production as a primary driver of climate change, and advise that a global reduction in meat consumption should be pursued.
2099:
121:
to attain specific traits in their beef cattle. An example of a desired trait could be leaner meat or resistance to illness. Breeds known as
2059:
National
Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition: "Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, sixth revised edition 1984"
1118:
Robust, easy-calving and long-lived. Horns long, curved and directed upward. Slender and tall. Well-adapted to extensive pasture systems.
2280:
1103:
Small, stocky; black, red, dun or white. Very long coat and very long pale horns, upswept in cows and steers. Very hardy and thrifty.
2086:
471:
Afrikaners are usually deep red or black with long spreading horns. They have the small cervico-thoracic hump typical of Sanga cattle.
274:
for between one and four weeks, during which time it loses some weight as water dries from the meat. It is then deboned and cut by a
3270:
85:, the goal of these animals is fattening. Animals not grown for a feedlot are typically female and are commonly known as replacement
1651:
Rich chestnut red with white tail switch and white horns. Also used for draught until the early 20th century. Hardy and thrifty.
1136:
2338:
2164:
2028:
320:
2042:
254:
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395:
325:
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307:. The hide will be removed for further processing at this point and the animal will be broken down with evisceration and
1049:
Red, strong skin pigmentation, polled. Superior fertility, calving ease, mothering ability, and growth rate of calves.
2234:
344:
resulting from their digestive process, and the process of preparing and transporting beef results in a high output of
3243:
2256:
946:
Very small, black or dun, dark horns. Sometimes has a dwarfing gene, leading to very short legs. Hardy and thrifty.
3213:
194:, has been through eight editions over at least seventy years. The 1996 seventh edition substituted the concept of
125:
are also used for beef production. These breeds have been selected for two purposes at once, such as both beef and
1879:
1782:
2389:
1983:"Code of practice for the care and handling of beef cattle: Review of scientific research on priority issues"
233:
is more expensive than pasture but the animals grow faster with the higher protein levels. Since cattle are
207:
1743:
White, with black (or sometimes red) ears, nose and feet; white horns with dark tips. Hardy and thrifty.
720:
1228:
Rough coat, red-brown, polled. Bred by crossing Beef
Shorthorn with Highland. Very hardy and thrifty.
677:
Grey roan, or white with grey on head. Extremely muscular (double muscled). Fast-growing if well-fed.
2677:
2070:
www.carc-crac.ca: "Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of farm animals: Beef Cattle"
294:
so movement is limited. Once restrained the animal can be stunned in one of three methods: penetrating
2954:
2281:"The UN says we need to reduce our meat consumption to fight climate change and improve food security"
1960:
2849:
2007:
3218:
3096:
1804:
1592:
Yellowish-brown, white head. Fast-growing if well-fed. Triple-purpose (beef, dairy and draught).
1131:
Red with white back and belly, or white with red ears, nose and feet. Polled. Hardy and thrifty.
2929:
3121:
2139:
1926:
1693:
163:
3299:
2735:
2667:
2426:
1544:
1000:
915:
715:
Black with white band around middle, stocky, fairly long hair, polled. Very hardy and thrifty.
222:
2082:
206:. In the 20th century, Canadian practice followed the American guidance. Already in 1970, the
145:. There are multiple continental breeds that were bred for this purpose as well. The original
3086:
1809:
1108:
743:
24:
2212:
3111:
2859:
2762:
2486:
1378:
61:, used for milk production). The meat of mature or almost mature cattle is mostly known as
2058:
1576:, straight back, wide chest and a moderate sized hump. Dual-purpose (beef & draught).
1150:
Colors varied from light brown to dark brown with a black stripe spans from back to tail.
910:
400-year-old longhorn breed with around 700 individuals that live close to the plateau of
8:
3049:
2869:
2749:
1398:
1177:
553:
368:
295:
138:
2874:
2774:
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1720:
1501:
1389:
Bred both for beef and dairy production; double-muscled. White-coloured and possessing
1354:
1252:
1155:
540:
519:
155:
118:
66:
2330:
2168:
311:. The carcass will be placed in a cooler for 24–48 hours prior to the meat being cut.
2621:
1927:"Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of farm animals: Beef cattle"
1835:
1735:
1461:
1299:
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Wholly white or cream, lyre-shaped pale horns, or polled. Fast-growing if well-fed.
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532:
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40:
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257:" (CAFO). Most American beef cattle spend the last half of their lives in a CAFO.
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180:
1904:. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources
89:. While the principal use of beef cattle is meat production, other uses include
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2416:
1858:"Beef Research School: What's the Latest Research on Antimicrobial Resistance?"
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130:
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uaex.edu: "Beef cattle nutrition series - Part 3: Nutrient Requirement Tables"
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nap.edu: "Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle Eighth Revised Edition (2016)"
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753:
Pale brown, paler round eyes and nose. Muscular. Fast-growing if well-fed.
725:
601:
356:
202:
142:
82:
70:
1901:
1715:
Black, horned, and noted for heavy marbling (intramuscular fat deposition).
355:
Cattle farming has also been blamed as one of the primary reasons for rapid
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2999:
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58:
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1748:
1587:
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1314:
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1188:
990:
766:
Developed from 10/16 Afrikaner, 3/16 Hereford and 3/16 Shorthorn cattle.
682:
582:
334:
291:
117:
Besides breeding to meet the demand for beef production, owners also use
3233:
3156:
3131:
3071:
3056:
3044:
3029:
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2889:
2705:
2647:
2601:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2521:
2511:
2257:"Fact check: How bad is eating meat for the climate? – DW – 10/30/2022"
691:
646:
570:
491:
486:
Pure black, sometimes with white at udder. Polled. Hardy and thrifty.
444:
3223:
3024:
3009:
2959:
2829:
2757:
2546:
2436:
2362:
1681:
1597:
1488:
1428:
1390:
1309:
1268:
1242:
1238:
1145:
985:
880:
Dual-purpose, originally large draft breed, later selected for beef.
787:
Usually white, with the bulls being darker (sometimes almost black).
587:
527:
Developed for resistance to ticks and for heat tolerance by crossing
453:
437:
364:
299:
271:
234:
150:
146:
102:
2914:
3141:
2994:
2984:
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1506:
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1383:
1367:
1363:
1039:
870:
801:
777:
758:
566:
496:
481:
432:
215:
176:
2710:
2049:, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture publication MP391
1707:
1021:
Black, stocky, fairly long hair, polled. Very hardy and thrifty.
3187:
3039:
3019:
2974:
2884:
2834:
2616:
2526:
2481:
1183:
Mid-brown, paler round eyes and nose. Fast-growing if well-fed.
1113:
1044:
941:
815:
672:
616:
605:
596:
574:
341:
275:
246:
106:
98:
90:
78:
74:
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611:
Developed in the high desert, inter-mountain region of Arizona.
2989:
2839:
2819:
2725:
2657:
2626:
2496:
1902:"Pregnant cows, timing of pregnancy, open cows, pregnancy rate"
1753:
1573:
1436:
Colour variety of Angus in some countries: solid red. Polled.
1332:
1323:
1054:
890:
845:
836:
White body, with black (or sometimes red) ears, nose and feet;
748:
510:
372:
360:
330:
238:
86:
50:
3034:
2964:
2949:
2904:
2879:
2854:
2730:
2697:
2642:
2100:"Feeding Beef Cattle: Tips for a Healthy, Pasture-Based Diet"
1725:
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1520:
1466:
1359:
1218:
911:
875:
797:
781:
652:
230:
126:
94:
36:
31:
810:
Large, pendulous ears and dewlaps, hump over the shoulders.
19:
2402:
2398:
2083:
https://archive.org/details/beefcattlefeedin1025weic/page/8
1953:"Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Beef Cattle"
1566:
1476:
134:
62:
54:
371:
when deforested land is used either as pasture or to grow
348:. Multiple global agencies and governments, including the
81:. Animals grown specifically for the feedlot are known as
3004:
2167:. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies. Archived from
242:
2089:, College of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service
1625:
Small, grey or silver, polled; similar to Murray Grey.
730:
A crossbreed produced by crossing a Hereford bull with
1483:, they are kept for beef production or dairy farming.
1263:
Red-and-white pied, polled, fast-growing if well-fed.
1208:
Developed by selectively breeding small Angus cattle.
290:. Stunning is done when the animal is restrained in a
548:
Polled breed developed by crossing Angus and Brahman
2363:
Oklahoma State University pages about cattle breeds.
1772:
1730:
Black, white upswept horns with black tips. Hardy.
298:, non-penetrating captive bolt, and gunshot. Most
2235:"Meat processing - Livestock slaughter procedures"
658:Developed by breeding the Brahman, Shorthorn, and
65:. In beef production there are three main stages:
1556:Developed by crossing red Shorthorn and Brahman.
565:and Brahman and selected for resistance to heat,
3291:
1680:bred for internationally renowned beef such as
250:according to the 5 Freedoms of Animal Welfare.
3254:
2119:
2117:
1880:"The History of Fleckvieh Dual Purpose Cattle"
1850:
1609:Red, red with white back and belly, or white.
1475:Red Sindhi cattle are the most popular of all
2383:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1247:Small body, short legs, reddish yellow hair.
2114:
2390:
2376:
2132:
2087:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
1821:
1373:Ruby-red, white tail switch, white horns.
133:. Dual-purpose breeds include many of the
823:Developed by crossing Angus and Brahman.
1921:
1919:
1335:, where it has become a dominant breed.
324:
30:
18:
1838:. University of Guelph, Animal Sciences
314:
112:
3292:
2123:
2000:
448:breed, developed from crosses between
321:Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest
2371:
2341:from the original on November 4, 2008
1975:
1950:
1916:
1860:. RealAgricultureOnline. 4 April 2013
255:Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
169:
2140:"Beef Cattle: The codes of practice"
963:with taurine breeds, especially the
382:
260:
192:Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle
3275:2008 US beef protest in South Korea
2183:
1882:. Better Dairy Cow. 10 October 2014
13:
931:Suitable for both dairy and beef.
641:Suitable for both dairy and beef.
57:production (as distinguished from
14:
3311:
2397:
2356:
2191:"1000 lb. steer to 610 lbs. beef"
2010:. Ministry of Agriculture Alberta
237:and need roughage in their diet,
3214:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
1789:
1775:
840:(hornless). Hardy and thrifty.
386:
2323:
2298:
2273:
2249:
2227:
2205:
2193:. Oklahoma Food Safety Division
2157:
2092:
2075:
2063:
2052:
2033:
2008:"How much feed will my cow eat"
1783:Agriculture and Agronomy portal
93:, and beef by-products used in
2165:"5 Freedoms of Animal Welfare"
2022:
1944:
1894:
1872:
1163:A breed of small beef cattle.
967:. Tolerant of heat and ticks.
1:
1815:
129:production, or both beef and
624:Hybrid between a cow and an
214:in beef cattle feed such as
208:Food and Drug Administration
7:
2213:"What is Marbling in Meat?"
1951:Eadie, Jim (May 16, 2017).
1768:
1758:Hybrid between a cow and a
1090:on neck, and white switch.
10:
3316:
1539:Red. Hardy, easy calving.
1456:(hornless), dual-purpose.
318:
212:pharmaceutical supplements
3206:
3175:
2748:
2696:
2635:
2462:
2455:
2409:
2310:earthobservatory.nasa.gov
2237:. Encyclopedia Britannica
2072:, p.2 of the 1991 edition
1433:Australia, United States
378:
3219:Beef hormone controversy
3097:Steak and kidney pudding
2306:"Tropical Deforestation"
2124:Pollan, Michael (2006).
1805:Conjugated linoleic acid
690:A composite breed using
200:for the sixth edition's
137:breeds of India such as
39:bull on a farm north of
1740:Great Britain, Ireland
1452:Red with white switch,
1086:Red, white head, white
164:artificial insemination
2850:Calf's liver and bacon
2668:Frankfurter Rindswurst
1001:Florida Cracker cattle
959:Developed by crossing
561:Developed by crossing
337:
197:metabolizeable protein
43:
28:
2930:Hortobágyi palacsinta
2331:"Breeds of Livestock"
2126:The Omnivores Dilemma
1963:on September 24, 2020
1810:List of cattle breeds
638:England and Scotland
442:A tropically adapted
359:in countries such as
328:
162:also be bred through
34:
22:
3112:Steak and oyster pie
2860:Chateaubriand (dish)
2763:List of steak dishes
2285:World Economic Forum
2145:. Agriculture Canada
1988:. Agriculture Canada
1932:. Agriculture Canada
400:adding missing items
315:Environmental impact
179:) as witnessed with
113:Calving and breeding
23:A young bull of the
3050:Roast beef sandwich
2870:Chicken-fried steak
2487:Chateaubriand steak
2171:on February 2, 2018
2102:. Mother Earth News
1648:South-east England
554:Australian Charbray
67:cow-calf operations
3244:Ractopamine - Beef
3087:Shooter's sandwich
2955:Karađorđeva šnicla
2775:Blanquette de veau
2592:Standing rib roast
2537:Restructured steak
2427:Cow–calf operation
2045:2020-03-02 at the
1180:regions of France
1156:Japanese Shorthorn
744:Blonde d'Aquitaine
541:Australian Brangus
520:Australian Braford
398:; you can help by
338:
170:Cattle maintenance
156:selective breeding
119:selective breeding
44:
29:
25:Blonde d'Aquitaine
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
2744:
2743:
1836:"Beef Production"
1766:
1765:
1606:Northern England
1479:dairy breeds. In
1300:Eastern Australia
1260:region in France
906:Iberian Peninsula
416:
415:
261:Cattle processing
3307:
3252:
3251:
3239:Meat on the bone
3092:Soup Number Five
3015:Pozharsky cutlet
2805:Beef noodle soup
2790:Beef bourguignon
2460:
2459:
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2222:
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2144:
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2130:
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2112:
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2073:
2067:
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2037:
2031:
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2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
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1970:
1968:
1959:. Archived from
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1891:
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1869:
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1847:
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1843:
1832:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1221:and surrounding
973:English Longhorn
462:Afrikaner cattle
418:
417:
411:
408:
390:
389:
383:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3279:
3255:US beef imports
3250:
3202:
3171:
3162:Vitello tonnato
3117:Steak au poivre
3062:Salisbury steak
2815:Beef Stroganoff
2785:Beef Wellington
2740:
2692:
2678:Montreal smoked
2631:
2572:Shoulder tender
2451:
2405:
2396:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2313:
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2299:
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2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2233:
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2228:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2122:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2053:
2047:Wayback Machine
2038:
2034:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
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1935:
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1929:
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1833:
1822:
1818:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1620:New South Wales
1545:Santa Gertrudis
928:United Kingdom
924:Dairy Shorthorn
901:Crioulo Lageano
708:Belted Galloway
651:United States (
412:
406:
403:
387:
381:
323:
317:
263:
210:was regulating
181:Mad cow disease
172:
115:
17:
16:Breed of cattle
12:
11:
5:
3313:
3303:
3302:
3285:
3284:
3281:
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3278:
3268:
3263:
3258:
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3249:
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3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
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3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:American bison
3179:
3177:
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3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
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3119:
3114:
3109:
3107:Steak and eggs
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
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3074:
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3064:
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3054:
3053:
3052:
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3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
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2997:
2992:
2987:
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2980:Mongolian beef
2977:
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2957:
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2800:Beef Manhattan
2797:
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2777:
2772:
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2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
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2474:
2472:Baseball steak
2468:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2417:Argentine beef
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2357:External links
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1893:
1871:
1849:
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1813:
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1807:
1801:
1800:
1797:Animals portal
1786:
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1763:
1760:European bison
1756:
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1728:
1723:
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1698:United States
1696:
1694:Texas Longhorn
1690:
1689:
1674:
1671:
1665:
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1659:
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1640:
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1633:
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1602:Beef Shorthorn
1594:
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1281:Mocho Nacional
1277:
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1264:
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1255:
1249:
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1223:Inner Hebrides
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1084:
1081:
1075:
1074:
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1069:
1063:
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1005:United States
1003:
997:
996:
993:
988:
982:
981:
978:
975:
969:
968:
965:Beef Shorthorn
961:Brahman cattle
957:
954:
948:
947:
944:
939:
933:
932:
929:
926:
920:
919:
916:Santa Catarina
908:
903:
897:
896:
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888:
882:
881:
878:
873:
867:
866:
863:
860:
854:
853:
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848:
842:
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834:
833:Great Britain
831:
825:
824:
821:
820:United States
818:
812:
811:
808:
795:
789:
788:
785:
774:
768:
767:
764:
761:
755:
754:
751:
746:
740:
739:
728:
723:
721:Black Hereford
717:
716:
713:
710:
704:
703:
688:
685:
679:
678:
675:
670:
664:
663:
656:
649:
643:
642:
639:
636:
634:Beef Shorthorn
630:
629:
626:American bison
622:
621:United States
619:
613:
612:
609:
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477:Aberdeen Angus
473:
472:
469:
464:
458:
457:
440:
435:
429:
428:
425:
422:
414:
413:
393:
391:
380:
377:
350:United Nations
346:carbon dioxide
329:Cattle in the
316:
313:
305:exsanguination
262:
259:
171:
168:
114:
111:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3312:
3301:
3300:Cattle breeds
3298:
3297:
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3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
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3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:Carcass grade
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Water buffalo
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:Related meats
3174:
3168:
3167:Wallenbergare
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:Veal Milanese
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:Suea rong hai
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
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3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Nilagang baka
2988:
2986:
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2978:
2976:
2973:
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2963:
2961:
2958:
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2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Hamburg steak
2923:
2921:
2918:
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2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
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2823:
2821:
2818:
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2813:
2811:
2808:
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2801:
2798:
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2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
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2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
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2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
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2679:
2676:
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2669:
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2603:
2600:
2598:
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2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
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2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
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2503:
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2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:Feeder cattle
2430:
2428:
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2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2393:
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2192:
2186:
2170:
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2141:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2118:
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2095:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2009:
2003:
1984:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1957:Beef Producer
1954:
1947:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1903:
1897:
1881:
1875:
1859:
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1615:Square Meater
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
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1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:Sibi bhagnari
1560:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
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1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:Rubia Gallega
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
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1377:
1376:
1372:
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1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1345:South Africa
1344:
1342:
1339:
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1334:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
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1318:
1316:
1313:
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1295:
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1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
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1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
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1138:
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1125:
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1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:Gascon cattle
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
992:
989:
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984:
983:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:
953:
952:Droughtmaster
950:
949:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
917:
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904:
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357:deforestation
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203:crude protein
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143:Ongole Cattle
140:
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96:
92:
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84:
83:feeder cattle
80:
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71:backgrounding
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
42:
38:
33:
26:
21:
3077:Sha cha beef
2970:London broil
2945:Jellied veal
2940:Italian beef
2920:Hayashi rice
2810:Beef on weck
2688:Meat extract
2517:Hanger steak
2502:Filet mignon
2447:Osorno Steer
2442:Organic beef
2421:
2345:November 11,
2343:. Retrieved
2334:
2325:
2314:. Retrieved
2312:. 2007-03-30
2309:
2300:
2289:. Retrieved
2287:. 2019-08-09
2284:
2275:
2264:. Retrieved
2260:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2215:. The Spruce
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:the original
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2104:. Retrieved
2094:
2077:
2065:
2054:
2035:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1956:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1906:. Retrieved
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1622:, Australia
1569:Baluchistan
1331:Exported to
1142:Central Java
1124:Irish Moiled
1071:Switzerland
668:Belgian Blue
467:South Africa
443:
427:Description
404:
369:habitat loss
354:
339:
309:decapitation
296:captive bolt
288:evisceration
284:
280:marbled meat
264:
252:
227:
220:prophylactic
201:
195:
191:
189:
185:Tuberculosis
173:
160:
123:dual-purpose
116:
59:dairy cattle
46:
45:
3271:South Korea
3152:Veal Orloff
3137:Tiyula itum
3102:Steak Diane
3067:Saltimbocca
2910:Gored gored
2900:Ginger beef
2875:Cordon bleu
2865:Cheesesteak
2825:Boiled beef
2780:Beef olives
2663:Corned beef
2587:Skirt steak
2582:Top sirloin
2532:Ranch steak
2507:Flank steak
2492:Chuck steak
2477:Blade steak
2422:Beef cattle
2175:February 1,
2106:February 1,
1992:February 1,
1908:February 1,
1886:February 1,
1721:Welsh Black
1588:Switzerland
1502:Romosinuano
1449:in England
1447:East Anglia
1379:Piedmontese
1355:North Devon
1315:West Africa
1294:Murray Grey
1253:Maine-Anjou
1225:, Scotland
1189:Lincoln Red
991:Switzerland
702:-Shorthorn
683:Belmont Red
407:August 2008
335:Mato Grosso
223:antibiotics
53:raised for
47:Beef cattle
3234:Darkcutter
3157:Veal Oscar
3132:Tafelspitz
3072:Selat solo
3057:Ropa vieja
3045:Roast beef
3030:Ragout fin
2935:Iga penyet
2895:French dip
2612:Tenderloin
2567:Short ribs
2562:Short loin
2512:Flap steak
2410:Production
2316:2023-06-27
2291:2023-06-27
2266:2023-06-27
2128:. Penguin.
1816:References
1736:White Park
1631:Stabiliser
1462:Red Sindhi
1404:Gulf Coast
1399:Pineywoods
1370:, England
1205:Australia
956:Australia
918:, Brazil.
692:Africander
687:Australia
647:Beefmaster
558:Australia
545:Australia
524:Australia
492:Alentejana
454:Shorthorns
445:Bos taurus
396:incomplete
367:, causing
319:See also:
235:herbivores
139:Tharparkar
3224:Beef ring
3010:Pot roast
2960:Kare-kare
2830:Bruscitti
2758:Beefsteak
2736:Testicles
2636:Processed
2547:Rib steak
2437:Kobe beef
2241:March 27,
2219:March 22,
1686:Matsuzaka
1598:Shorthorn
1582:Simmental
1549:Southern
1489:Romagnola
1429:Red Angus
1415:Pinzgauer
1391:myostatin
1273:Portugal
1269:Mirandesa
1243:Indonesia
1239:East Java
1146:Indonesia
1100:Scotland
1018:Scotland
986:Fleckvieh
886:Corriente
858:Charolais
712:Scotland
694:(African
588:Indonesia
571:parasites
563:Charolais
533:Herefords
450:Herefords
438:Australia
373:feed crop
365:Indonesia
333:state of
331:Brazilian
300:abattoirs
272:cold room
151:Fleckvieh
147:Simmental
103:cosmetics
35:Japanese
3294:Category
3142:Tongseng
2995:Ossobuco
2985:Neobiani
2795:Beef bun
2770:Balbacua
2683:Pastrami
2653:Bresaola
2622:Trotters
2456:Products
2339:Archived
2335:Gelbvieh
2197:April 6,
2149:April 6,
2043:Archived
2014:April 6,
1936:April 6,
1864:April 6,
1842:April 6,
1769:See also
1657:Tabapuan
1635:America
1586:Western
1507:Colombia
1481:Pakistan
1471:Pakistan
1442:Red Poll
1419:Austria
1386:, Italy
1384:Piedmont
1368:Somerset
1364:Cornwall
1193:England
1174:Limousin
1169:Limousin
1128:Ireland
1096:Highland
1088:finching
1083:England
1079:Hereford
1040:Gelbvieh
1014:Galloway
977:England
871:Chianina
802:Pakistan
778:Ethiopia
759:Bonsmara
736:Friesian
732:Holstein
700:Hereford
660:Hereford
575:diseases
567:humidity
529:Brahmans
497:Portugal
482:Scotland
433:Adaptaur
216:hormones
177:zoonotic
3188:Beefalo
3127:Tartare
3040:Rendang
3020:Puchero
2975:Mechado
2885:Dendeng
2845:Cachopo
2835:Bulgogi
2617:Tri-tip
2577:Sirloin
2542:Rib eye
2527:Picanha
2482:Brisket
1967:May 30,
1661:Brazil
1536:France
1393:genes.
1288:Polled
1285:Brazil
1201:Lowline
1114:Hungary
1045:Germany
1031:France
942:Ireland
862:France
850:Brazil
816:Brangus
793:Brahman
673:Belgium
617:Beefalo
606:Arizona
597:Barzona
424:Origin
342:methane
276:butcher
247:haylage
245:and/or
131:draught
107:insulin
99:shampoo
91:leather
87:heifers
79:feedlot
75:feedlot
3266:Taiwan
3198:Żubroń
3025:P'tcha
2915:Gyūdon
2840:Bulalo
2820:Bistek
2750:Dishes
2726:Tripas
2721:Tendon
2716:Tongue
2673:Ground
2658:Cabeza
2607:T-bone
2497:Fajita
2261:dw.com
1754:Poland
1749:Żubroń
1712:Japan
1676:Black
1673:Japan
1669:Tajima
1644:Sussex
1574:dewlap
1532:Salers
1493:Italy
1454:polled
1333:Brazil
1328:India
1324:Nelore
1310:N'dama
1298:South
1234:Madura
1178:Marche
1160:Japan
1137:Jabres
1067:Hérens
1059:Korea
1055:Hanwoo
937:Dexter
891:Mexico
846:Caracu
838:polled
749:France
698:) and
511:Uganda
506:Ankole
421:Breed
379:Breeds
361:Brazil
239:silage
105:, and
73:, and
51:cattle
27:breed.
3261:Japan
3207:Other
3035:Rawon
3000:Pares
2965:Kitfo
2950:Kalio
2905:Galbi
2880:Daube
2855:Cansi
2731:Tripe
2711:Heart
2706:Brain
2698:Offal
2643:Jerky
2602:Shank
2597:Strip
2552:Round
2522:Plate
2143:(PDF)
1986:(PDF)
1930:(PDF)
1726:Wales
1708:Wagyū
1678:Wagyu
1553:, US
1551:Texas
1521:Spain
1467:Sindh
1406:, US
1360:Devon
1341:Nguni
1258:Anjou
1219:Luing
1214:Luing
912:Lages
876:Italy
798:India
782:Kenya
772:Boran
696:Sanga
653:Texas
292:chute
267:steer
231:Grain
127:dairy
95:candy
37:wagyu
3122:Tapa
2648:Aged
2627:Tail
2557:Rump
2464:Cuts
2403:veal
2401:and
2399:Beef
2347:2008
2243:2018
2221:2018
2199:2013
2177:2018
2151:2013
2108:2018
2016:2013
1994:2018
1969:2020
1938:2013
1910:2018
1888:2018
1866:2013
1844:2013
1684:and
1682:Kobe
1567:Sibi
1477:zebu
1366:and
1176:and
804:and
583:Bali
573:and
531:and
452:and
363:and
218:and
183:and
141:and
135:Zebu
63:beef
55:meat
49:are
41:Kobe
3005:Pho
2890:Feu
1469:in
734:or
402:.
243:hay
3296::
2337:.
2333:.
2308:.
2283:.
2259:.
2116:^
1955:.
1918:^
1823:^
1762:.
1688:.
1362:,
1241:,
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655:)
628:.
608:)
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569:,
535:.
456:.
375:.
265:A
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187:.
158:.
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101:,
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2319:.
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2269:.
2245:.
2223:.
2201:.
2179:.
2153:.
2110:.
2081:[
2018:.
1996:.
1971:.
1940:.
1912:.
1890:.
1868:.
1846:.
1600:/
780:-
604:(
409:)
405:(
149:/
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