507:
37:
789:, realizing that his path was obstructed, ordered his own cavalry to move forward and charge the enemy. The battle would have lasted only a short time, with the Constantinian cavalry easily defeating their opponents, who, once disbanded, were forced to retreat back to
587:) to the position of Augustus, since according to the prerogatives of the tetrarchic system, in force at the time, and being the western Caesar, he should be the one to succeed the dead Augustus. After some negotiations,
657:, however, his army was not large enough to besiege all the fortifications of Rome, which is why he had to withdraw. In 308, during the celebration of the Conference of Carnunus, convened by
282:
672:) was appointed Augustus of the West and, therefore, was to overthrow the usurper, but he preferred not to participate in the affair. That same year, sometime before the conference,
275:
166:
268:
250:
1585:
1525:
159:
1590:
386:
1336:
1570:
1445:
1168:
152:
1427:
1211:
1595:
1539:
1514:
1478:
1416:
1387:
1322:
1200:
1236:
1362:
369:
1565:
725:
origin, in addition to part of the army stationed in
Britain. The Constantinian army moved inland after the
1314:
830:
749:), where they opened the gates to him. He remained in the city until mid-summer, then continued his march.
327:
214:
1354:
301:
188:
28:
649:
managed to besiege Rome, but was defeated and subsequently executed. In the summer of 307, the
Augustus
1379:
347:
229:
1152:
766:
1160:
357:
352:
239:
234:
1580:
1291:
1278:
1265:
1240:
1215:
1192:
511:
381:
1306:
1178:
814:
491:
408:
322:
209:
1331:
822:
806:
786:
774:
742:
700:
692:
677:
628:
592:
562:
483:
476:
461:
441:
376:
362:
312:
244:
199:
177:
105:
558:
8:
818:
778:
762:
704:
624:
539:
332:
110:
821:. This would be the penultimate victory in his successful campaign in Italy. From here,
1488:
1348:
403:
398:
1535:
1510:
1474:
1441:
1412:
1383:
1358:
1318:
1196:
1164:
1137:
726:
337:
219:
1575:
1531:
718:
703:, who responded by invading northern Italy at the head of forty thousand soldiers.
527:
342:
307:
224:
194:
260:
1492:
1456:
1398:
1373:
1300:
1182:
1146:
785:—the size of which is unknown— to the west, in order to block the invading army.
676:
had tried to depose his son, the plan failed and he had to flee to the court of
1344:
730:
531:
430:
1554:
1502:
1466:
1433:
1274:
1244:
1219:
1156:
782:
438:
1287:
1261:
437:) was a confrontation that took place during the summer of 312, between the
1560:
708:
645:
with the task of crushing the conspiracy. In 307, commanding a large army,
523:
413:
144:
1310:
637:
in
October 306, then summoned his father, now retired, to rule together.
453:
131:
66:
506:
36:
1408:
654:
646:
642:
596:
577:
599:
to assume the position of
Augustus of the western half of the empire.
1506:
1470:
1437:
826:
802:
758:
734:
696:
695:, but was defeated and forced to commit suicide. The following year,
602:
535:
515:
457:
445:
136:
595:
to the position of Caesar, which he eventually accepted and allowed
688:
673:
662:
658:
650:
638:
633:
613:
588:
566:
465:
713:
631:'s position, declared himself emperor of Italy with the title of
554:
449:
62:
464:
on the grounds that he wanted to avenge the death of his father
1498:
1462:
1404:
1188:
810:
790:
770:
699:, seeking revenge for the death of his father, declared war on
495:
833:. The victory of the former led to the end of the tetrarchy.
746:
738:
722:
487:
1184:
Pagan City and
Christian Capital: Rome in the Fourth Century
801:
With this new victory, the way to the base of operations of
707:
claimed that the invading army consisted of ninety thousand
681:
550:
475:), who had committed suicide after being defeated by him.
653:
decided to invade Italy in order to avenge the death of
641:, upon learning of these events, entrusted the Augustus
737:
encamped in the vicinity of
Augusta Taurinorum (modern
526:
was divided into two parts since 293, each ruled by an
745:
defeated them and continued on to
Mediolanum (modern
565:
as his successor. However, the
Augustus of the East,
534:(minor emperor). This form of government was called
1527:
Zosimus, New
History. A Translation with Commentary
290:
1375:The Cambridge companion to the Age of Constantine
1552:
557:), and his soldiers —cantoned in this region of
494:between the two emperors, which was fought near
479:would respond with a massive invasion of Italy.
16:312 AD battle in the Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy
809:took the opportunity to move quickly towards
276:
160:
174:
482:The Battle of Brescia took place after the
1454:
912:
283:
269:
167:
153:
1396:
1302:The Christianity of Constantine the Great
984:
1350:Constantine and the Conversion of Europe
972:Anonymous (3rd-4th centuries). (9) 5.1-3
817:against a large enemy contingent led by
505:
1298:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1234:
1209:
936:
901:
890:
879:
865:
849:
1553:
1523:
1487:
1371:
1262:"Constantius I Chlorus (305-306 A.D.)"
1177:
1144:
1119:
1107:
1056:
1020:
996:
948:
924:
1425:
1343:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1044:
1032:
1008:
980:
978:
960:
733:, in Italy) and confronted troops of
264:
148:
1429:Constantine and the Christian Empire
1288:"Maximianus Herculius (286-305 A.D)"
875:
873:
861:
859:
857:
538:. In 306, the Augustus of the West
13:
1586:Battles involving the Roman Empire
1494:The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180-395
1062:
975:
14:
1607:
870:
854:
1591:Battles of Constantine the Great
549:) died at Eboracum (present-day
35:
1135:Anonymous (3rd-4th centuries).
1129:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
990:
966:
954:
825:would march on to Rome to face
796:
769:and set up his headquarters in
667:
623:), the Augustus predecessor of
618:
607:
582:
571:
544:
470:
292:Fourth-century Roman civil wars
1426:Odahl, Charles Matson (2010).
1372:Lenski, Noel Emmanuel (2006).
1145:Barnes, Timothy David (1981).
942:
930:
918:
906:
895:
884:
843:
514:, left. On the right, bust of
251:German and Sarmatian campaigns
1:
1337:Breviarium historiae romanae.
836:
813:, where he would engage in a
501:
1571:Military history of Lombardy
1315:University of Scranton Press
831:Battle of the Milvian Bridge
484:Battle of Augusta Taurinorum
7:
1355:University of Toronto Press
302:Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
189:Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
29:Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
10:
1612:
1524:Ridley, Ronald T. (2017).
1397:MacMullen, Ramsey (1969).
1380:Cambridge University Press
1212:"Maxentius (306-312 A.D.)"
561:— then proclaimed his son
1455:Pohlsander, Hans (2004).
1345:Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin
1286:DiMaio, Michael (1997b).
1275:"Licinius (308-324 A.D.)"
1273:DiMaio, Michael (1997c).
1260:DiMaio, Michael (1996c).
1237:"Galerius (305-311 A.D.)"
1235:DiMaio, Michael (1996b).
1210:DiMaio, Michael (1997a).
767:prefect of the praetorium
752:
691:also attempted to depose
298:
185:
129:
116:
99:
86:
45:
34:
26:
21:
1596:310s in the Roman Empire
1161:Harvard University Press
1148:Constantine and Eusebius
621: 285–305, 310
473: 285–308, 310
1458:The Emperor Constantine
1299:Elliott, T. G. (1996).
1292:Salve Regina University
1279:Salve Regina University
1266:Salve Regina University
1241:Salve Regina University
1216:Salve Regina University
1193:Oxford University Press
512:Colossus of Constantine
530:(major emperor) and a
519:
434:
135:: Avenge the death of
100:Commanders and leaders
781:sent a contingent of
509:
442:Constantine the Great
106:Constantine the Great
78:Constantinian victory
1566:4th century in Italy
1222:on 29 September 2007
490:), and preceded the
92:Constantinian forces
1489:Potter, David Stone
1086:, pp. 103–104)
1047:, pp. 101–102)
819:Ruricius Pompeianus
763:Ruricius Pompeianus
711:and eight thousand
625:Constantius Chlorus
540:Constantius Chlorus
111:Ruricius Pompeianus
1332:Eutropius, Flavius
520:
492:penultimate battle
65:, in the north of
41:Roman Empire (311)
1447:978-0-415-38655-5
1170:978-0-674-16531-1
1138:Panegyrici Latini
1059:, pp. 41–42)
951:, pp. 65–66)
927:, pp. 34–35)
805:' army was open.
727:Siege of Segusium
427:Battle of Brescia
422:
421:
258:
257:
143:
142:
82:
81:
22:Battle of Brescia
1603:
1545:
1532:Brill Publishers
1520:
1484:
1451:
1432:(2nd ed.).
1422:
1393:
1368:
1328:
1295:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1243:. Archived from
1231:
1229:
1227:
1218:. Archived from
1206:
1174:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
973:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
913:Pohlsander (2004
910:
904:
899:
893:
888:
882:
877:
868:
863:
852:
847:
829:directly at the
671:
669:
622:
620:
611:
609:
586:
584:
575:
573:
548:
546:
474:
472:
460:declared war on
293:
285:
278:
271:
262:
261:
180:
169:
162:
155:
146:
145:
95:Maxentian forces
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1517:
1481:
1448:
1419:
1390:
1365:
1334:(4th century).
1325:
1250:
1248:
1225:
1223:
1203:
1171:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
985:MacMullen (1969
983:
976:
971:
967:
959:
955:
947:
943:
935:
931:
923:
919:
911:
907:
900:
896:
889:
885:
878:
871:
864:
855:
848:
844:
839:
799:
755:
666:
655:Flavius Severus
647:Flavius Severus
643:Flavius Severus
617:
606:
597:Flavius Severus
581:
578:Flavius Severus
570:
543:
504:
469:
448:in the town of
423:
418:
294:
291:
289:
259:
254:
181:
175:
173:
70:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1609:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1581:310s conflicts
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1521:
1515:
1485:
1479:
1452:
1446:
1423:
1417:
1394:
1388:
1369:
1363:
1341:
1329:
1323:
1296:
1283:
1270:
1257:
1247:on 23 May 2012
1232:
1207:
1201:
1175:
1169:
1142:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1074:, p. 103)
1061:
1049:
1037:
1025:
1013:
1011:, p. 101)
1001:
989:
974:
965:
953:
941:
929:
917:
905:
902:DiMaio (1997b)
894:
891:DiMaio (1997c)
883:
880:DiMaio (1997a)
869:
866:DiMaio (1996b)
853:
850:DiMaio (1996c)
841:
840:
838:
835:
798:
795:
777:'s proximity,
761:had appointed
757:At that time,
754:
751:
670: 308–324
661:, the officer
610: 306–312
585: 305–307
574: 293–311
547: 293–306
503:
500:
452:, in northern
439:Roman emperors
420:
419:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
390:
389:
384:
379:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
328:Milvian Bridge
325:
320:
315:
310:
299:
296:
295:
288:
287:
280:
273:
265:
256:
255:
248:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
215:Milvian Bridge
212:
207:
202:
197:
186:
183:
182:
172:
171:
164:
157:
149:
141:
140:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1608:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1541:9780959362602
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1516:0-415-10057-7
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1480:0-415-31937-4
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1418:0-7099-4685-6
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1389:0-521-52157-2
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1324:0-940866-59-5
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1202:0-19-815278-7
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:Massachusetts
1154:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1122:, p. 67)
1121:
1116:
1110:, p. 42)
1109:
1104:
1098:, p. 71)
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1035:, p. 70)
1034:
1029:
1023:, p. 41)
1022:
1017:
1010:
1005:
998:
993:
987:, p. 71)
986:
981:
979:
969:
963:, p. 93)
962:
957:
950:
945:
939:, p. 43)
938:
937:Elliott (1996
933:
926:
921:
915:, p. 17)
914:
909:
903:
898:
892:
887:
881:
876:
874:
867:
862:
860:
858:
851:
846:
842:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
794:
792:
788:
784:
783:heavy cavalry
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:
630:
627:, envious of
626:
615:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
579:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
517:
513:
508:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:
388:
387:Jewish revolt
385:
383:
382:Mons Seleucus
380:
378:
375:
374:
373:
372:
371:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
304:
303:
297:
286:
281:
279:
274:
272:
267:
266:
263:
253:
252:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
191:
190:
184:
179:
178:Constantine I
170:
165:
163:
158:
156:
151:
150:
147:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
121:
120:
115:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
98:
94:
91:
90:
85:
77:
74:
73:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:
53:Summer of 312
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1548:
1526:
1493:
1457:
1428:
1399:
1374:
1349:
1335:
1301:
1249:. Retrieved
1245:the original
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1183:
1179:Curran, John
1147:
1141:. (in Latin)
1136:
1130:Bibliography
1120:Curran (2000
1115:
1108:Barnes (1981
1103:
1091:
1079:
1057:Barnes (1981
1052:
1040:
1028:
1021:Barnes (1981
1016:
1004:
997:Ridley (2017
992:
968:
956:
949:Lenski (2006
944:
932:
925:Barnes (1981
920:
908:
897:
886:
845:
800:
797:Consequences
756:
712:
686:
632:
601:
576:), elevated
524:Roman Empire
521:
510:Head of the
481:
426:
424:
414:Gildonic War
392:
391:
368:
367:
317:
300:
249:
204:
187:
130:
87:Belligerents
1400:Constantine
1311:Pensilvania
1096:Jones (1978
1084:Odahl (2010
1072:Odahl (2010
1045:Odahl (2010
1033:Jones (1978
1009:Odahl (2010
961:Odahl (2010
823:Constantine
807:Constantine
787:Constantine
775:Constantine
773:. Aware of
743:Constantine
709:legionaries
701:Constantine
693:Constantine
678:Constantine
629:Constantine
593:Constantine
563:Constantine
477:Constantine
462:Constantine
393:Late period
377:Mursa Major
363:Chrysopolis
245:Chrysopolis
176:Battles of
132:Casus belli
1555:Categories
1409:Dial Press
1364:0802063691
1340:(in Latin)
999:, II.15.1)
837:References
815:new battle
612:), son of
591:relegated
502:Background
353:Hellespont
348:Adrianople
235:Hellespont
230:Adrianople
1507:Routledge
1471:Routledge
1438:Routledge
1153:Cambridge
827:Maxentius
803:Maxentius
759:Maxentius
735:Maxentius
697:Maxentius
603:Maxentius
536:tetrarchy
516:Maxentius
458:Maxentius
446:Maxentius
358:Byzantium
333:Tzirallum
240:Byzantium
139:' father.
137:Maxentius
1503:New York
1491:(2004).
1467:New York
1434:New York
1347:(1978).
1307:Scranton
1181:(2000).
779:Ruricius
729:(modern
719:Germanic
689:Maximian
687:In 310,
674:Maximian
663:Licinius
659:Galerius
651:Galerius
639:Galerius
634:Princeps
614:Maximian
589:Galerius
567:Galerius
528:Augustus
486:(modern
466:Maximian
409:Frigidus
404:Poetovio
399:Thyatira
117:Strength
58:Location
27:Part of
1576:Brescia
1251:1 April
1226:1 April
714:equites
705:Zosimos
559:Britain
555:England
450:Brescia
370:350–353
338:Cibalae
318:Brescia
308:Segusio
220:Cibalae
205:Brescia
195:Segusio
125:Unknown
122:Unknown
63:Brescia
1538:
1513:
1499:London
1477:
1463:London
1444:
1415:
1405:London
1386:
1361:
1321:
1199:
1189:Oxford
1167:
811:Verona
791:Verona
771:Verona
753:Battle
723:Celtic
532:Caesar
496:Verona
435:Brixia
343:Mardia
323:Verona
225:Mardia
210:Verona
75:Result
747:Milan
739:Turin
488:Turin
454:Italy
431:Latin
313:Turin
200:Turin
67:Italy
1536:ISBN
1511:ISBN
1501:and
1475:ISBN
1465:and
1442:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1253:2017
1228:2017
1197:ISBN
1165:ISBN
731:Susa
721:and
682:Gaul
551:York
522:The
444:and
425:The
50:Date
1561:312
765:as
741:).
717:of
680:in
1557::
1534:.
1530:.
1509:.
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1497:.
1473:.
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1195:.
1191::
1187:.
1163:.
1159::
1155:,
1151:.
1064:^
977:^
872:^
856:^
793:.
684:.
668:r.
619:r.
608:r.
583:r.
572:r.
553:,
545:r.
498:.
471:r.
456:.
433::
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284:e
277:t
270:v
168:e
161:t
154:v
69:.
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