602:
in eucalypts until they are at least 150–200 years old. Similarly, hollows are an important resource for many prey species of the barking owl, e.g. gliders and possums. Such trees are not being regrown rapidly enough to exceed expected losses in the next century. The removal of dead, standing trees and stags for firewood is also likely to remove nesting sites for the species. Native prey species such as arboreal mammals and hollow-nesting birds have declined in some areas through clearing of native vegetation, loss of hollows and the impact of introduced predators. These declines may also have contributed to the decline of the barking owl, although in some areas
European rabbits have become a substitute prey, and local populations of the barking owl have become heavily dependent upon them. It is not known how the owls will fare through periods of rabbit decline due to climate fluctuations, control programs or disease such as calicivirus. Where poisons are used to control rabbits, secondary poisoning of owls may be an issue.
622:. The bunyip was said to be a fearsome creature that inhabited swamps, rivers and billabongs. Bunyips had many different descriptions but most were of an animal of some sort whose favorite food was human women. The cries and noises coming from swamps and creeks at night were not said to be the victims but actually the noise the bunyip made. It is believed by many that the sound is of the nocturnal barking owl and that proves the location, the noises and the rarity of the bunyip cries. It is still not proven though that the barking owl actually started the bunyip story and it could be due to other sources. But it seems that the barking owl will stay as the most likely explanation. Myths surround the events that caused the owl to originally "mimic" the screaming sounds.
515:
call, with the lowest level being a low pitched and soft growl. This is usually a warning note to the nesting partner. This climbs into a louder and higher pitched series of howls, often made while the owl dives at the intruder. At its most extreme, this might be described as a scream. The screaming of the barking owl is said to sound like a woman or child screaming in pain. Hearings of 'screaming lady,' as it is so nicknamed, are rare and many only hear the sound once in their life even if they live next to a barking owl nest. While screams are usually related to nest defence, some barking owls will make this call in non-nest related situations. Myths surround the events that caused the owl to originally "mimic" the sounds.
511:. It sounds like a double dog bark, so closely resembling a small dog that it is difficult to tell the difference. The barking owl name is derived from these calls. Males 'bark' at a lower pitch than females, particularly when a pair perform the barking calls together. Barking calls can be varied in pitch and intensity depending on the purpose of the call. Loud barks are given as territorial calls and can be used in confrontations between pairs in adjacent territories. Lower pitched softer barks are often used around the nest or roost areas by the male to call the female for a meal.
582:
suggests that this estimate may have been conservative in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Existing records of
Barking Owls on the Atlas of Victorian Wildlife database (NRE 2001) are unlikely to give an accurate representation of the current distribution and abundance of the species. Many of these records are dated, occurring in areas where once-suitable habitat has been lost or degraded. Extensive surveys in Victorian forests have shown the species to be rare, localised and mainly found in north-eastern Victoria (Loyn et al. 2001)."
92:
441:
detailed studies of barking owl home-ranges have been conducted in southern
Australia where the species is declining. In northern Victoria, barking owl pairs were found to average a home-range of 1,424 ha (3,520 acres) with little overlap between pairs. Foraging was concentrated within forested areas of each home range. These results are mirrored in the Pilliga forests of northern NSW although there the home ranges were larger, often up to 2,500 ha (6,200 acres).
31:
50:
523:
485:, a nocturnal bird of Australian forests and woodlands. Insect prey items can dominate the prey item count. Beetles and moths are commonly taken on the wing. A range of other insects are also consumed. Occasionally frogs, reptiles, fish or crustaceans are eaten. In summary, if an animal can be detected by a barking owl and it is of its size or smaller, it can be considered as potential prey.
412:, a discrete facial mask and yellow skin on the feet. Their underparts are brownish-grey and coarsely spotted white with their tail and flight feathers being strongly banded brown and white. They are a robust, medium-sized owl 39–44 cm (15–17 in) long and their wingspan is between 85 and 120 cm (33 and 47 in). They weigh between 380 and 960 g (13 and 34 oz).
601:
According to the Action
Statement No. 116 made under the state of Victoria, the primary threat to the barking owl is loss of habitat, particularly the deterioration or loss of the large, hollow-bearing trees on which the species depends for nesting. Hollows suitable for nesting for owls do not form
514:
Barking owls also have a range of other vocalisations. These might be described as growls, howls or screams and bleating and twittering. Growls and howls are part of a continuum of calls relating to threats, particularly during nesting. The level of the threat, typically determines the level of the
493:
The breeding season of the barking owl is from July to
September in the north of Australia and from August to October in the south. The nest is formed of decayed debris, usually in the large hollow of an old eucalypt near a river. A clutch of 2 or 3 roundish, dull-white eggs, each measuring 48 by
440:
They choose to live in forests or woodland areas that have large trees for nesting and foliage cover for roosting. They often reside near river, swamp or creek beds as these features often have large trees with hollows required for nesting and the productivity to support sufficient prey. The only
581:
In the State of
Victoria, according to Action Statement 116 issued under the FFG Act: "The Barking Owl is the most threatened owl in Victoria. The population has been estimated to be fewer than 50 breeding pairs (Silveira et al. 1997), though work in north-eastern Victoria (Taylor et al. 1999; )
457:
The barking owl has one of the broadest diets of any
Australian owl. Barking owls hunt in timbered and open habitats but usually rely on trees as hunting perches. Their diet includes prey taken from the ground, the trees, the surface of waterbodies, and directly from the air. In some locations
518:
Juvenile barking owls have a twittering, insect-like call when begging for food. It is similar to that of other juvenile hawk owls. Female barking owls will often make a gentle bleating sound when receiving food from the male owl. An excited variation of this sound is made during copulation.
416:
with the male barking owl being 8-10 % heavier. They are one of only a handful of owl species exhibiting normal sexual dimorphism. In a banding study conducted in the
Pilliga forests of northern New South Wales, males averaged 824 g (29.1 oz) with females averaging 745 g
1385:
821:
1124:
585:
A similar pattern of decline is evident in NSW with surveys in 1998, 2004 and 2008 showing barking owls to be rare in areas that had been assumed to be strongholds. Larger population areas have been demonstrated to be isolated from one another.
1125:
https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/Topics/Animals-and-plants/Threatened-species/NSW-Threatened-Species-Scientific-Committee/Determinations/Final-determinations/1996-1999/Barking-Owl-Ninox-connivens-vulnerable-species-listing
592:
In contrast (as of 2012), barking owl calls are still a common sound in many wooded parts of
Queensland and the Northern Territory, although there have been few recent published population studies/surveys in those areas.
802:
263:
referred to this species as the "barking boobook". However, this is not used as a common name in
Australia or other English speaking areas in this species' range and has now been corrected to barking owl. The
506:
Most people hear the barking owl rather than see it as it has a loud and explosive voice. The main territorial vocalisation is in the form of a double 'hoot', similar in pattern to the other Australian
291:. Latham commented that the species "Inhabits New Holland, but no history annexed, further than that it has a wonderful faculty of contracting and dilating the iris: and that the native name is
858:
1073:
1046:
444:
Although barking owls are uncommon and sometimes even rare in many suburban areas, they occasionally do get accustomed to humans and even start to nest in streets or near farm-houses.
536:
916:
1814:
1077:
1050:
1153:
1580:
1216:
McGregor, H. (2011). "Large forest owls in the river red gum State Forests of south-western New South Wales – an account of their 2008 status".
942:
Stanton, M. A. (2011) Barking owl diet in the Pilliga Forests of northern New South Wales. Master of Science Thesis, University of New England
1619:
1779:
610:
In the early settlement of Australia a screaming noise matching the barking owl's description was credited and told to the settlers by the
408:
The barking owl is coloured brown with white spots on its wings and a vertically streaked chest. They have large eyes that have a yellow
425:
The barking owl lives in mainland Australia along the eastern and northern coast of the continent and the southwest areas surrounding
337:. Stresemann described it in 1930 from a specimen collected in 1909. Poorly known, it has been recorded twice more in 1998 and 2010.
1738:
1554:
566:
562:
1751:
1593:
417:(26.3 oz). In Australia, the smallest barking owls are found on Cape York Peninsula and the largest in southern Australia.
397:
1756:
1108:
1033:
1598:
1789:
761:
544:
260:
993:
437:(Halmahera, Morotai, Bacan and Obi). Once widespread, barking owls are now less common in southern mainland Australia.
1676:
957:
Schedvin (2007) Distributional ecology of the barking owl in Victoria, Australia. PhD thesis, Charles Sturt University
926:
1809:
429:. Inland they occupy areas near lakes and waterways or other wooded environments. They also live in drier parts of
1624:
1269:
Liddelow, G.L., Wheeler, I.B., and Kavanagh, R.P. (2002) "Owls in the southwest forests of Western Australia." In
1013:
481:(~800 grams) and ducks are taken, but many smaller birds are more commonly taken. One frequent prey item is the
1375:
611:
1794:
1273:(Eds. I. Newton, R. Kavanagh, J. Olsen and I. R. Taylor) pp. 233-241. (CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood, Vic.)
572:
The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 lists the barking owl southern sub-species as 'near threatened'.
251:
and have a characteristic voice with calls ranging from a barking dog noise to an intense human-like howl.
1461:
1284:
498:
by the female for about 36 days. The young at first are covered in white down and fledge by 5 to 6 weeks.
1799:
1456:
723:
281:
203:
1168:
1357:
662:
1474:
1434:
1342:
1369:
1804:
589:
In south-western Australia a survey (in the late 1990s) of 100 forest sites found no barking owls.
554:
On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, the barking owl is listed as
478:
426:
259:
The owl takes its name from its characteristic barking voice. For a short period before 2016, the
91:
1347:
477:
In some areas, bird prey items make a sizeable contribution to the diet. Birds up to the size of
1243:
Soderquist, T. (2009). "How extensive is southern Australia's largest barking owl population?".
1186:
539:. However, their conservation status varies from state to state within Australia. For example:
1585:
1492:
1396:
1314:
615:
1611:
186:
1650:
966:
Kavanagh, R., & Stanton, M. A. (2009) "Conserving barking owls in the Pilliga Forests."
1671:
1497:
1443:
8:
1363:
347:
39:
1448:
710:
Yanyuwa Wuka: language from Yanyuwa Country - a Yanyuwa dictionary and cultural resource
639:
1505:
1336:
1154:"Surveys of the barking owl and masked owl on the north-west slopes of New South Wales"
1074:"Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act: Action Statement Index by Category and Scientific Name"
897:
385:
318:
86:
1103:. East Melbourne, Victoria: Department of Sustainability and Environment. p. 15.
1098:
1725:
1645:
1528:
1296:
1252:
1104:
1029:
1009:
989:
922:
901:
846:
413:
368:
343:
1380:
744:
727:
1730:
1533:
1225:
1198:
887:
657:
463:
330:
296:
265:
1520:
1510:
943:
1716:
1689:
1632:
1187:"A survey of large forest owls in State Forests of south-western New South Wales"
482:
1663:
1784:
1419:
781:
495:
409:
322:
1773:
1606:
1300:
1256:
648:
355:
285:
59:
54:
1140:
684:
467:
458:
mammals make up the majority of prey biomass with prey sizes from mice and
1637:
1567:
1484:
1428:
892:
551:
for the recovery and future management of this species has been prepared.
334:
1229:
1202:
1743:
1684:
1559:
879:
555:
430:
307:
240:
30:
1123:
NSW Scientific Committee (1998) "Final Determination of Barking Owl."
1572:
1353:
565:. This listing was transferred to the equivalent schedules under the
236:
232:
103:
1546:
1390:
847:"The birds of the Kai and Tayandu islands, Maluku region, Indonesia"
1710:
1413:
1386:
Barking Owl Diet in the Pilliga Forests of Northern New South Wales
459:
434:
244:
153:
123:
1469:
280:
The barking owl was first described by the English ornithologist
729:
Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae
1185:
Parker, D.G.; Webster, R.; Belcher, C.A.; Leslie, D.J. (2007).
1101:
Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria - 2007
1099:
Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (2007).
619:
113:
1071:
Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria (2006)
1044:
Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria (2005)
522:
1658:
1541:
537:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
508:
351:
163:
76:
70:
1376:
NSW Scientific Committee Final Determination for Barking Owl
535:
Barking owls are not listed as threatened on the Australian
631:
543:
The barking owl is listed as 'Threatened' on the Victorian
414:
Size varies only slightly between the male and female birds
359:
133:
1184:
1381:
The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 species listing
561:
The barking owl was listed as 'Vulnerable' under the NSW
471:
248:
143:
377:(Latham, 1801) - southwest, east and southeast Australia
917:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds
637:
732:(in Latin). London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. xii.
1337:
Audio of a barking owl resembling a screaming woman
844:
663:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22689394A93229752.en
1771:
944:https://rune.une.edu.au/web/handle/1959.11/8652
746:Supplement II to the General synopsis of birds
494:38 mm (1.9 by 1.5 in), is laid and
814:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
384:was formerly considered a subspecies of the
1135:Garnett S., Szabo J., and Dutson G. (2010)
1026:Owls, Frogmouths and Nightjars of Australia
988:Pascal Press, Glebe, NSW. Revised edition.
980:
978:
976:
953:
951:
420:
1348:Queensland Environmental Protection Agency
1242:
800:
762:"Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird-names"
749:. London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. 53.
48:
29:
1815:Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)
1137:The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010
891:
661:
1215:
1141:http://www.publish.csiro.au/pid/6781.htm
1006:A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia.
973:
948:
845:Johnstone, R. E.; van Balen, S. (2013).
596:
567:Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW)
563:Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995
521:
1282:
1276:
938:
936:
934:
759:
707:
1772:
1354:Photos, audio and video of barking owl
1092:
1004:Pizzey, Graham and Doyle, Roy. (1980)
998:
908:
742:
722:
530:
474:of all sizes are also commonly taken.
1395:
1394:
1151:
576:
466:around a kilogram or more in weight.
398:International Ornithological Congress
1139:, CSIRO Publishing/Birds Australia.
931:
921:Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
545:Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988)
1780:IUCN Red List least concern species
919:. Volume 4: Parrots to Dollarbird.
851:Western Australian Naturalists Club
649:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
872:
838:
14:
1826:
1350:(includes audio of a barking owl)
1330:
1271:Ecology and Conservation of Owls.
986:Field Guide to Australian Birds.
805:Ninox novaeseelandiae remigialis
247:. They are a medium-sized brown
235:bird species native to mainland
90:
1370:Audio and photos of barking owl
1307:
1263:
1236:
1209:
1178:
1145:
1129:
1117:
1065:
1038:
1018:
960:
861:from the original on 2021-12-21
827:from the original on 2017-09-22
638:BirdLife International (2016).
1462:Ninox_(Hieracoglaux)_connivens
794:
774:
753:
736:
716:
701:
677:
403:
261:Red List of Threatened Species
1:
1372:from Graeme Chapman's archive
1366:from Xeno-canto sound archive
625:
1295:(1). Australian Museum: 80.
1008:Collins Publishers, Sydney.
970:19(2): 28-30. ISSN 1036-7810
884:IOC World Bird List Datasets
782:"Owls – IOC World Bird List"
605:
460:small carnivorous marsupials
447:
254:
7:
1790:Birds of the Maluku Islands
488:
275:
10:
1831:
1358:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1283:Parnaby, Harry E. (1995).
914:Higgins, P.J.,ed. (1999).
880:"IOC World Bird List 12.1"
801:Stresemann, Erwin (1930).
760:Jobling, James A. (2010).
470:are a frequent prey item.
350:, 1875 - east New Guinea,
1700:
1403:
1167:(1): 5–11. Archived from
984:Morcombe, Michael (2012)
479:sulphur-crested cockatoos
392:) but was transferred to
192:
185:
87:Scientific classification
85:
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
656:: e.T22689394A93229752.
501:
427:Perth, Western Australia
421:Distribution and Habitat
371:, 1876 - north Australia
1810:Birds described in 1801
452:
1152:Debus, S.J.S. (2001).
708:Bradley, John (1992).
547:. Under this Act, an
527:
1343:Owl Pages information
1339:recorded by Ed McNabb
1315:"Bunyip:Explanations"
1080:on September 11, 2006
743:Latham, John (1801).
597:Threatening processes
525:
227:), also known as the
1364:Audio of barking owl
1218:Australian Zoologist
1191:Australian Zoologist
893:10.14344/ioc.ml.12.1
685:"Appendices | CITES"
268:name for the owl is
1795:Birds of New Guinea
1360:'s Macaulay Library
1230:10.7882/AZ.2011.039
1203:10.7882/AZ.2007.004
1028:, Bloomings Books,
614:Australians or the
531:Conservation status
40:Conservation status
1800:Birds of Australia
1506:BirdLife-Australia
1285:"Hollow arguments"
577:Decline and extent
528:
462:up to rabbits and
386:Australian boobook
366:N. c. peninsularis
315:N. c. rufostrigata
1767:
1766:
1646:Open Tree of Life
1397:Taxon identifiers
1110:978-1-74208-039-0
1034:978-1-876473-64-8
1024:Hollands (2008),
569:from August 2017.
464:brushtail possums
284:in 1801 with the
211:
210:
178:N. connivens
80:
63:
1822:
1760:
1759:
1747:
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1734:
1733:
1721:
1720:
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1289:Nature Australia
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1143:
1133:
1127:
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1115:
1114:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1076:. Archived from
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1053:on July 18, 2005
1049:. Archived from
1042:
1036:
1022:
1016:
1002:
996:
982:
971:
964:
958:
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672:
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665:
635:
549:Action Statement
382:N. b. remigialis
328:N. b. remigialis
321:, 1861) - north
297:specific epithet
198:
95:
94:
74:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
20:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
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1805:Owls of Oceania
1770:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1702:Falco connivens
1696:
1690:Ninox-connivens
1688:
1683:
1675:
1670:
1662:
1657:
1649:
1644:
1636:
1633:Observation.org
1631:
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1449:Ninox_connivens
1447:
1442:
1435:Ninox connivens
1433:
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1418:
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1405:Ninox connivens
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741:
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721:
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693:
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683:
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678:
668:
666:
642:Ninox connivens
636:
632:
628:
608:
599:
579:
533:
504:
491:
483:tawny frogmouth
455:
450:
423:
406:
375:N. c. connivens
341:N. c. assimilis
306:There are five
289:Falco connivens
278:
257:
224:Ninox connivens
219:barking boobook
207:
200:
196:Ninox connivens
194:
181:
89:
81:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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55:Least Concern
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1251:(2): 31–33.
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857:(1): 11–56.
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724:Latham, John
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394:N. connivens
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303:'winking'.
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177:
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144:Strigiformes
24:Barking owl
18:
1568:iNaturalist
1511:barking-owl
1429:Wikispecies
1084:October 16,
1057:October 16,
1014:073222436-5
669:12 November
616:Aboriginals
526:Barking owl
404:Description
335:Kai Islands
282:John Latham
229:winking owl
215:barking owl
73:Appendix II
1774:Categories
1685:Xeno-canto
1320:2020-05-31
865:2019-01-27
831:2017-09-22
787:2022-05-09
767:2020-05-31
694:2022-01-14
626:References
612:Indigenous
556:endangered
431:New Guinea
390:N. boobook
348:D'Albertis
331:Stresemann
308:subspecies
241:New Guinea
1717:Q40995359
1301:1324-2598
1257:1036-7810
902:246050277
820:: 61–62.
689:cites.org
606:Mythology
509:hawk owls
496:incubated
448:Behaviour
400:in 2022.
369:Salvadori
344:Salvadori
333:, 1930 -
301:connivens
255:Etymology
237:Australia
233:nocturnal
172:Species:
154:Strigidae
110:Kingdom:
104:Eukaryota
1711:Wikidata
1659:Species+
1612:22689394
1586:10591385
1498:22689394
1493:BirdLife
1482:BioLib:
1420:Q1059545
1414:Wikidata
1245:Wingspan
968:Wingspan
859:Archived
822:Archived
726:(1801).
489:Breeding
435:Moluccas
433:and the
319:Gray, GR
276:Taxonomy
270:mulurrku
245:Moluccas
243:and the
231:, is a
150:Family:
124:Chordata
120:Phylum:
114:Animalia
100:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1757:1063522
1744:8731256
1560:2497798
1547:barowl1
1521:barowl1
1470:Avibase
1161:Corella
618:as the
396:by the
362:Islands
295:." The
266:Yanyuwa
206:, 1801)
160:Genus:
140:Order:
130:Class:
75: (
58: (
1651:404895
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620:bunyip
356:Karkar
346:&
204:Latham
1785:Ninox
1731:3DTFY
1677:11903
1638:72246
1625:79238
1581:IRMNG
1573:20166
1542:eBird
1534:47FJV
1518:BOW:
1485:22565
1356:from
1172:(PDF)
1157:(PDF)
898:S2CID
825:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
502:Voice
352:Manam
165:Ninox
77:CITES
71:CITES
1752:ITIS
1739:GBIF
1664:8582
1620:NCBI
1607:IUCN
1594:ITIS
1555:GBIF
1297:ISSN
1253:ISSN
1105:ISBN
1086:2007
1059:2007
1030:ISBN
1010:ISBN
990:ISBN
923:ISBN
671:2021
654:2016
472:Bats
453:Diet
410:iris
360:Daru
358:and
213:The
134:Aves
1726:CoL
1672:TSA
1529:CoL
1457:AFD
1444:ADW
1226:doi
1199:doi
888:doi
658:doi
249:owl
217:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
