29:
744:
915:
56:
42:
184:
870:
699:
945:
930:
900:
795:
960:
663:
635:
714:
885:
642:
840:
825:
684:
810:
855:
780:
759:
729:
191:
563:
212:
305:
The laboratory itself is located in a 4,000 meter long horizontal tunnel mined specifically for this purpose; this is in contrast to most underground physics laboratories which are placed in abandoned or still in-use mines. The entrance of the tunnel is at a valley at 1,700 meters high from sea level
355:
In addition to the big experiments BUST and SAGE, a number of smaller experiments that benefit from the low-background location have taken place at BNO; for example, the isotopic composition of the lunar samples brought by
351:
The next experiment at BNO was the
Gallium-Germanium Neutrino Telescope (GGNT) as part of the SAGE experiment. It is located 3,500 meters from the tunnel entrance. It started in 1986 and was still in operation as of 2017.
1702:
829:
1631:
1728:
1344:
1153:
668:
390:). This detector would consist of huge (10 kilotonnes) amounts of liquid scintillator. It would be located at the end of the laboratory tunnel. It would mainly detect neutrinos.
1697:
1828:
1707:
859:
1672:
310:. A small town named Neutrino was built in the valley, in conjunction with the construction of the laboratory, to house the scientists and their families.
95:
1354:
1250:
605:
1581:
1224:
1833:
1501:
375:, located on the surface above BUST in the mountain slope. The array and BUST work in concert. BNO hosts also a small gravitational-wave detector,
307:
1321:
904:
444:
1551:
1425:
1193:
295:
1000:
567:
215:
1229:
536:
28:
1466:
1571:
1450:
1440:
1158:
435:"The Neutrino Trappers - Deep in a mountain in southern Russia, scientists are tracking one of the universe's most elusive particles"
402:
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183:
1329:
647:
1823:
1813:
1546:
919:
598:
287:
1576:
934:
340:
The first underground experiment, the BUST, started in 1977. It is located 550 meters from the tunnel entrance. It detected
1601:
1430:
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1143:
814:
1738:
1657:
478:
1838:
1733:
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591:
510:
1667:
1596:
1311:
1050:
993:
764:
1818:
733:
583:
1611:
1506:
1203:
506:
325:) air-shower cosmic ray experiment in 1973. Carpet relied on liquid scintillator detectors to study cosmic ray
247:
67:
1677:
844:
1652:
294:
deep (2,100 meters) as well as a number of ground facilities. The Baksan
Experiment on Sterile Transitions (
1789:
1621:
1531:
1481:
1178:
1009:
407:
88:
1173:
986:
964:
949:
71:
1521:
578:
473:
434:
329:. Carpet also made discoveries of astrophysical importance, such as detecting a giant flare in the
55:
978:
333:
in 1989. The Carpet cosmic ray experiment continues as of 2017, and it is being upgraded to use a
379:. OGRAN would be capable of registering a galactic supernova, should one occur in the Milky Way.
703:
1027:
617:
468:Подземная охота за нейтрино: Уеные ловят призраков, которые запросто проходят сквозь земной шар
291:
532:
1183:
1536:
1410:
1104:
799:
326:
8:
1774:
1561:
1541:
1148:
784:
341:
334:
1687:
1476:
1415:
1135:
1054:
439:
262:. Cleared for building in 1967, it started operations in 1977, becoming the first such
1647:
1109:
1255:
1234:
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889:
299:
167:
1682:
1606:
1435:
1390:
1334:
1306:
1198:
318:
41:
613:
1471:
1275:
1748:
1743:
1723:
1556:
1290:
698:
430:
1807:
944:
929:
899:
794:
110:
97:
1496:
466:
298:) is currently (2019) being conducted at Baksan with aims of understanding
251:
81:
502:
959:
662:
330:
224:
1516:
1420:
1260:
382:
The BNO-observatory is planning (as of 2021) a new major detector, the
313:
The first experiment undertaken at BNO was not underground; it was the
1265:
306:
and the tunnel itself is located under the 4,000 meters tall mountain
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914:
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634:
283:
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1616:
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1008:
573:
263:
255:
1591:
884:
713:
365:
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345:
279:
393:
As of 2017, the director of the observatory is Valery
Kuzminov.
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1486:
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1188:
1077:
854:
809:
779:
758:
743:
728:
641:
139:
1285:
1280:
574:
Photographs of the Baksan
Observatory via englishrussia.com
278:), located 300 m (980 ft) below the surface, the
267:
579:
1829:
Astronomical observatories built in the Soviet Union
533:"Baksan scales new neutrino heights – CERN Courier"
190:
348:supernova. It continues to operate (as of 2017).
1805:
384:Baksan Large Underground Scintillation Telescope
1010:Neutrino detectors, experiments, and facilities
477:(in Russian), no. 211, 23 November 2002,
425:
423:
994:
599:
420:
1770:BNO (Baksan or Baxan Neutrino Observatory)
1001:
987:
606:
592:
272:Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope
54:
40:
27:
403:Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope
1834:Research institutes in the Soviet Union
429:
199:Location of Baksan Neutrino Observatory
1806:
513:from the original on 25 September 2006
481:from the original on 16 September 2018
982:
587:
539:from the original on 16 December 2018
497:
495:
337:. Further upgrades are also planned.
13:
492:
288:Soviet–American Gallium Experiment
14:
1850:
1734:Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment
614:Underground physics laboratories
555:
447:from the original on 17 July 2018
958:
943:
928:
913:
898:
883:
868:
853:
838:
823:
808:
793:
778:
757:
742:
727:
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697:
682:
661:
640:
633:
561:
368:spacecraft was measured in BNO.
246:) is a scientific laboratory of
210:
189:
182:
525:
507:Institute for Nuclear Research
459:
242:; Baksan is sometimes spelled
68:Institute for Nuclear Research
1:
1824:Research institutes in Russia
1814:1977 establishments in Russia
1051:Lederman–Schwartz–Steinberger
503:"Baksan Neutrino Observatory"
413:
1790:List of neutrino experiments
408:IceCube Neutrino Observatory
7:
568:Baksan Neutrino Observatory
396:
236:Baksan Neutrino Observatory
72:Russian Academy of Sciences
22:Baksan Neutrino Observatory
10:
1855:
1762:
1716:
1640:
1459:
1403:
1378:
1320:
1299:
1243:
1212:
1134:
1119:
1016:
626:
373:Andyrchi air-shower array
322:
221:
208:
177:
163:
159:
154:
134:
126:
87:
77:
63:
48:
35:
26:
1839:Underground laboratories
467:
371:BNO is also home to the
216:Related media on Commons
1819:Neutrino observatories
290:, SAGE) located 4,700
36:Alternative names
270:. It consists of the
111:43.27556°N 42.69028°E
1105:Neutrino oscillation
570:at Wikimedia Commons
286:neutrino telescope (
52:Verkhny Baksan
1775:Kamioka Observatory
800:Kimballton aka KURF
335:gamma-ray telescope
266:observatory in the
107: /
23:
440:The New York Times
116:43.27556; 42.69028
21:
1798:
1797:
1532:Heidelberg-Moscow
1399:
1398:
1256:ICARUS (Fermilab)
976:
975:
618:m of water equiv.
566:Media related to
300:sterile neutrinos
232:
231:
173:
172:
1846:
1683:Neutrino Factory
1436:Hyper-Kamiokande
1199:Super-Kamiokande
1132:
1131:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1003:
996:
989:
980:
979:
968:
965:Yangyang aka Y2L
963:
962:
953:
948:
947:
938:
933:
932:
923:
920:Stawell aka SUPL
918:
917:
908:
903:
902:
893:
888:
887:
878:
873:
872:
863:
858:
857:
848:
843:
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833:
828:
827:
818:
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812:
803:
798:
797:
788:
783:
782:
773:
762:
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752:
747:
746:
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731:
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707:
702:
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687:
686:
677:
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656:
645:
644:
638:
637:
621:
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433:(16 July 2018).
427:
324:
225:edit on Wikidata
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59:
58:
44:
31:
24:
20:
1854:
1853:
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1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1758:
1712:
1636:
1455:
1395:
1374:
1316:
1295:
1239:
1208:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1012:
1007:
977:
972:
957:
956:
942:
941:
927:
926:
912:
911:
897:
896:
882:
881:
867:
866:
852:
851:
837:
836:
822:
821:
807:
806:
792:
791:
777:
776:
756:
755:
741:
740:
726:
725:
721:(↕⤡ 4000)
711:
710:
696:
695:
681:
680:
660:
659:
639:
632:
631:
622:
615:
612:
558:
553:
552:
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540:
535:. 19 May 2017.
531:
530:
526:
516:
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484:
482:
469:
465:
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431:Overbye, Dennis
428:
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399:
250:located in the
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19:
12:
11:
5:
1852:
1842:
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1821:
1816:
1796:
1795:
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1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1744:NESTOR Project
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:DUMAND Project
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
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1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
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1579:
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1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
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1504:
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1479:
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1463:
1461:
1457:
1456:
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1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1112:neutrino burst
1107:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1075:
1067:
1059:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1005:
998:
991:
983:
974:
973:
971:
970:
969:
967:(↔ 2100)
954:
952:(↕ 1600)
939:
937:(↕ 4300)
924:
922:(⤡ 2900)
909:
907:(↕ 2100)
894:
879:
877:(↕ 6000)
864:
862:(↔ 1400)
849:
847:(↔ 4800)
834:
832:(↔ 1500)
819:
817:(↔ 3400)
804:
802:(↔ 1450)
789:
787:(↔ 2700)
774:
753:
751:(↔ 6720)
738:
736:(↔ 2500)
723:
708:
706:(↕ 2800)
693:
691:(↔ 4800)
678:
657:
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611:
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588:
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556:External links
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308:Mount Andyrchi
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1187:
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1175:
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1167:
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1160:
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1111:
1108:
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1079:
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951:
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931:
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916:
910:
906:
901:
895:
892:(↕ 570)
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831:
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331:Crab Nebula
327:air showers
127:Established
114: /
89:Coordinates
49:Named after
18:Observatory
1808:Categories
1562:Kamiokande
1517:Gargamelle
1421:Baikal-GVD
1276:NA61/SHINE
1261:MicroBooNE
845:LSM/Fréjus
672:(↕⤡
620:shielding)
543:31 January
414:References
155:Telescopes
102:42°41′25″E
99:43°16′32″N
1717:Cancelled
1537:Homestake
1487:Cuoricino
1451:SuperNEMO
1271:MiniBooNE
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264:neutrino
256:Caucasus
168:Neutrino
78:Location
1688:Nucifer
1507:EXO-200
1460:Retired
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1307:FASER
1251:ANNIE
1204:SNEWS
1189:NEVOD
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1144:ANITA
1078:DONUT
648:ANDES
388:BLUST
377:OGRAN
323:Ковёр
244:Baxan
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148:.html
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1653:nEXO
1632:Utah
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