Knowledge

BSF (time service)

Source 📝

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Because the 400-year Gregorian calendar cycle is a multiple of 7 days long, weekdays repeat every 400 years. The date XX00-02-28 must fall on a Monday, Sunday, Friday, or Wednesday. Only the first case is a leap year, followed by Tuesday the 29th. In the other three cases, the next day is March
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Until July 2004, the shortwave transmitter on 5 MHz operated continuously, while that on 15 MHz had an interruption from 35 to 40 minutes after the hour. Except for this, the broadcast repeated every 10 minutes.
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Each minute is divided into two blocks. The first 40 seconds are used to broadcast 76 bits of non-time information (weather, disaster warnings, etc.), and the last 20 seconds are used to broadcast the time, as follows:
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on the second, and encoding information via the time when it is restored. Uniquely, however, BSF uses five possible times to communicate two data bits per second, or a special synchronization mark:
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was transmitted by doubling some ticks: seconds :01 through :08 for DUT1 of +0.1 through +0.8 seconds, and seconds :09 through :16 for DUT1 from −0.1 through −0.8 seconds.
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so that confusion between 0.4 and 0.6 seconds of full power will only corrupt one data bit, and thus be detectable by the parity bits.
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This schedule repeated every ten minutes, on the hour, except for the previously mentioned 5-minute interruption on 15 MHz.
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Each tick was preceded and followed by 40 ms of silence. The remaining "background" was filled on a 10-minute schedule:
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The time code only includes two digits of year, but it is possible to handle the 400-year leap year cycle in the
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For the next 4 minutes (:x5:00 through :x8:59), no background tone was transmitted, only the ticks.
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For the first 5 minutes (:x0:00 through :x4:59), a background 1000 Hz tone was transmitted.
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During minute 9 (:x9:00 through :x9:59), voice call sign and time announcements were made in
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information, they are currently always broadcast as zero, as Taiwan does not observe DST.
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It is not currently clear if the time is transmitted during the minute it encodes (like
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similar to other low frequency time signal stations, reducing the carrier amplitude by
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and 15 MHz, but this was discontinued due to "low demand" as of July 1, 2004.
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transmitter owned by the National Time and Frequency Standards Laboratory of the
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https://www.meinbergglobal.com/english/glossary/time-signal-transmitter.htm
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No reduced power and 1.0 s of full power means SYNC, a synchronization mark
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of 460 W. Each second, two bits of information are transmitted using
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Each second was marked with a 5 ms tick of 1000 Hz tone,
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0.8 seconds of reduced power and 0.2 s of full power means 10
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0.6 seconds of reduced power and 0.4 s of full power means 11
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0.4 seconds of reduced power and 0.6 s of full power means 01
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0.2 seconds of reduced power and 0.8 s of full power means 00
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The minute-of-day and day-of-century blocks each contain an
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range. It was launched on May 1, 1969 and is broadcast from
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International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
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The pulses are themselves transmitted once per second via
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The longwave transmitter of the station uses 1 
717:"A Time Signal Station Project in Taiwan: Overview" 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2086: 2827: 2072: 1100: 804: 779:Two of the four towers holding up the antenna 614: 611: 608: 602: 599: 596: 593: 578: 572: 566: 551: 545: 538: 532: 510: 504: 488: 482: 466: 461: 455: 440: 434: 428: 412: 406: 391: 385: 380: 374: 342: 336: 333: 327: 324: 318: 2079: 2065: 1107: 1093: 811: 797: 710: 708: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 2610:International Commission on Stratigraphy 818: 737:"Standard Time and Frequency Broadcast" 221: 2828: 705: 367: 2060: 1088: 792: 633:bit. Although bits are reserved for 207:The station used to also transmit on 2041: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 644:using the day of week information. 16:Time signal radio station in Taiwan 13: 715:Wu, Sz-Hsien (11 September 2014). 714: 14: 2847: 2330:Discrete time and continuous time 785: (archived 24 September 2015) 767: 659:Shortwave transmitter (continued) 2255: 2249: 2040: 2031: 2030: 23: 622: 619: 605: 588: 585: 575: 569: 561: 558: 548: 535: 527: 524: 521: 518: 513: 507: 499: 496: 491: 485: 477: 474: 469: 458: 450: 447: 437: 431: 423: 420: 415: 409: 401: 398: 388: 377: 355: 352: 349: 339: 330: 321: 34:needs additional citations for 2403:History of timekeeping devices 754: 729: 238:, making 120 bits per minute. 1: 1023:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System 699: 739:(in Chinese). Archived from 134:Ministry of Economic Affairs 7: 2350:Gravitational time dilation 2186:Barycentric Coordinate Time 1845:Geological history of Earth 195:BSF Time Signal Transmitter 10: 2852: 2836:Time signal radio stations 2206:Geocentric Coordinate Time 2191:Barycentric Dynamical Time 2129:Coordinated Universal Time 1197:Orders of magnitude (time) 360: 305: 294: 2760: 2651: 2618: 2592: 2473: 2373: 2360:Time-translation symmetry 2290: 2264: 2247: 2171:International Atomic Time 2121: 2098: 2026: 1968: 1921: 1908:Time translation symmetry 1853: 1793: 1783: 1705: 1632: 1552: 1493: 1377: 1295: 1205: 1167: 1153: 1122: 1031: 1013:Global Positioning System 983: 957: 894: 826: 144:information on 77.5  1114: 232:effective radiated power 2620:Astronomical chronology 2593:Archaeology and geology 2300:Absolute space and time 2216:IERS Reference Meridian 2211:International Date Line 2122:International standards 1863:Absolute space and time 1514:Astronomical chronology 651:) or just before (like 230:of power, achieving an 58:"BSF" time service 1913:Time reversal symmetry 1217:Italian six-hour clock 269:Note that the data is 243:amplitude-shift keying 236:pulse-width modulation 184:25.00556°N 121.36500°E 2579:Weekday determination 2465:Sundial markup schema 1678:Time and fate deities 1623:The Unreality of Time 1562:A series and B series 2600:Chronological dating 2340:Theory of relativity 2201:Daylight saving time 1929:Chronological dating 1898:Theory of relativity 1242:Daylight saving time 820:Time signal stations 635:daylight saving time 222:Longwave transmitter 43:improve this article 2810:Time value of money 2605:Geologic time scale 2460:History of sundials 2325:Cosmological decade 2277:Greenwich Mean Time 2108:Orders of magnitude 1222:Thai six-hour clock 669:amplitude modulated 282: 189:25.00556; 121.36500 179: /  140:), which transmits 2785:Mental chronometry 2413:Marine chronometer 2265:Obsolete standards 1752:Rosy retrospection 1730:Mental chronometry 1554:Philosophy of time 690:Taiwanese Mandarin 642:Gregorian calendar 280: 2823: 2822: 2633:Nuclear timescale 2315:Continuous signal 2054: 2053: 1964: 1963: 1939:Circadian rhythms 1757:Tense–aspect–mood 1612:Temporal finitism 1489: 1488: 1465:Grandfather clock 1082: 1081: 975:Radio Data System 627: 626: 119: 118: 111: 93: 2843: 2524:Dominical letter 2455:Equation of time 2418:Marine sandglass 2259: 2253: 2231:Terrestrial Time 2088:Time measurement 2081: 2074: 2067: 2058: 2057: 2044: 2043: 2034: 2033: 1951:Glottochronology 1791: 1790: 1707:Human experience 1567:B-theory of time 1165: 1164: 1109: 1102: 1095: 1086: 1085: 813: 806: 799: 790: 789: 762: 758: 752: 751: 749: 748: 733: 727: 726: 724: 723: 712: 283: 279: 248: 217: 203: 202: 200: 199: 198: 196: 191: 190: 185: 180: 177: 176: 175: 172: 154:Zhongli District 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2756: 2647: 2614: 2588: 2469: 2369: 2320:Coordinate time 2292:Time in physics 2286: 2260: 2254: 2245: 2117: 2094: 2085: 2055: 2050: 2022: 2013:Time immemorial 1960: 1917: 1878:Coordinate time 1849: 1803:Geological time 1779: 1762:Time management 1725:Generation time 1709: 1701: 1646: 1628: 1548: 1507: 1485: 1373: 1291: 1208: 1201: 1157: 1149: 1118: 1113: 1083: 1078: 1027: 979: 953: 890: 876:TDF time signal 822: 817: 783:Wayback Machine 770: 765: 759: 755: 746: 744: 735: 734: 730: 721: 719: 713: 706: 702: 661: 580: 553: 542: 540: 463: 442: 393: 382: 371: 369: 364: 362: 344: 246: 224: 212: 211:frequencies of 194: 192: 188: 186: 182: 181: 178: 173: 170: 168: 166: 165: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2849: 2839: 2838: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2805:Time metrology 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2770: 2764: 2762: 2761:Related topics 2758: 2757: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2658: 2656: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2624: 2622: 2616: 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1958: 1956:Time geography 1953: 1948: 1946:Clock reaction 1943: 1942: 1941: 1931: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1859: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1799: 1797: 1788: 1781: 1780: 1778: 1777: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1745:time signature 1742: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1716: 1714: 1703: 1702: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1626: 1619: 1617:Temporal parts 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1587:Eternal return 1584: 1579: 1574: 1572:Chronocentrism 1569: 1564: 1558: 1556: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1383: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1364: 1359: 1357:Hindu Panchang 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1301: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1211: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1162: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1097: 1089: 1080: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 989: 987: 981: 980: 978: 977: 971: 969: 955: 954: 952: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 900: 898: 892: 891: 889: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 832: 830: 824: 823: 816: 815: 808: 801: 793: 787: 786: 776: 769: 768:External links 766: 764: 763: 753: 728: 703: 701: 698: 694: 693: 686: 683: 660: 657: 625: 624: 621: 617: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 591: 590: 587: 583: 582: 577: 574: 571: 568: 564: 563: 560: 556: 555: 550: 547: 544: 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2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2628:Galactic year 2626: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2584:Weekday names 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2574:Tropical year 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2539:Intercalation 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505:(lunar Hijri) 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2345:Time dilation 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2252: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2181:24-hour clock 2179: 2177: 2176:12-hour clock 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2070: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2047: 2039: 2037: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1934:Chronobiology 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1868:Arrow of time 1866: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1840:Geochronology 1838: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1690:Wheel of time 1688: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1534:Periodization 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1460:Digital clock 1458: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1394: 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2008:Time capsule 2002:Tempus fugit 2000: 1922:Other fields 1621: 1602:Perdurantism 1524:Calendar era 1476: 1469: 1455:Cuckoo clock 1392:astronomical 1366: 1192:Unit of time 1123:Key concepts 1038: 845: 756: 745:. Retrieved 741:the original 731: 720:. Retrieved 695: 677: 666: 662: 646: 639: 628: 623:Day of week 528:Date parity 522:Time parity 275: 268: 240: 225: 206: 121: 120: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 2800:System time 2795:Metric time 2514:Solar Hijri 2440:Water clock 2423:Radio clock 2355:Time domain 2335:Proper time 2221:Leap second 2103:Chronometry 2018:Time travel 1996:System time 1903:Time domain 1888:Proper time 1712:use of time 1683:Father Time 1663:Immortality 1653:Ages of Man 1582:Endurantism 1539:Regnal year 1519:Big History 1448:water-based 1347:Solar Hijri 1257:Hexadecimal 1207:Measurement 1169:Chronometry 1155:Measurement 631:even parity 552:Leap second 370:information 343:Day of week 187: / 174:121°21′54″E 164:located at 130:time signal 2815:Timekeeper 2768:Chronology 2752:Millennium 2638:Precession 2544:Julian day 2365:T-symmetry 2226:Solar time 2196:Civil time 1720:Chronemics 1695:Kalachakra 1607:Presentism 1592:Eternalism 1498:Chronology 1436:mechanical 1387:Main types 1305:Main types 747:2018-07-16 722:2017-04-21 700:References 372:(76 bits) 334:Always 01 325:Always 00 271:Gray coded 247:10 dB 193: ( 99:March 2015 69:newspapers 2712:Fortnight 2559:Lunisolar 2549:Leap year 2483:Gregorian 2433:stopwatch 2408:Hourglass 2388:Astrarium 2305:Spacetime 2236:Time zone 2113:Metrology 2092:standards 1976:Leap year 1893:Spacetime 1767:Yesterday 1668:Dreamtime 1642:Mythology 1529:Deep time 1441:stopwatch 1416:hourglass 1397:astrarium 1327:Gregorian 1320:Lunisolar 1297:Calendars 1287:Time zone 1160:standards 1064:Radio VNG 985:Satellite 896:Shortwave 581:(unused) 209:shortwave 171:25°0′20″N 162:T-antenna 2830:Category 2773:Duration 2747:Saeculum 2727:Olympiad 2569:Solstice 2498:Holocene 2475:Calendar 2375:Horology 2166:ISO 8601 2161:ISO 31-1 2036:Category 1784:Time in 1775:Tomorrow 1637:Religion 1577:Duration 1544:Timeline 1478:Timeline 1277:Sidereal 1145:Eternity 929:ROA Time 828:Longwave 554:warning 314:Meaning 303:Meaning 292:Meaning 160:using a 158:Taichung 150:longwave 126:callsign 2742:Century 2732:Lustrum 2662:Instant 2534:Equinox 2503:Islamic 2445:Sundial 2310:Chronon 2046:Commons 1969:Related 1883:Instant 1873:Chronon 1855:Physics 1795:Geology 1786:science 1658:Destiny 1503:History 1471:History 1426:sundial 1409:quantum 1352:Chinese 1342:Islamic 1252:Decimal 1247:Chinese 1209:systems 1135:Present 1032:Defunct 1008:Galileo 1003:GLONASS 781:at the 615:Marker 600:Marker 381:Minutes 213:5  148:in the 128:of the 124:is the 83:scholar 2737:Decade 2692:Moment 2687:Minute 2682:Second 2652:Other 2509:Julian 2488:Hebrew 2134:offset 1986:Moment 1981:Memory 1833:period 1421:marine 1404:atomic 1379:Clocks 1337:Hebrew 1332:Julian 1267:Metric 1140:Future 993:BeiDou 924:JN53DV 914:HD2IOA 539:Day of 464:00–23 443:00–99 383:00–59 311:Weight 308:Second 300:Weight 297:Second 289:Weight 286:Second 138:Taiwan 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  2778:music 2717:Month 2677:Jiffy 2672:Shake 2667:Flick 2564:Solar 2554:Lunar 2529:Epact 2493:Hindu 2428:Watch 2383:Clock 1991:Space 1823:epoch 1813:chron 1771:Today 1740:tempo 1735:Music 1597:Event 1431:watch 1315:Lunar 1310:Solar 1282:Solar 1272:Roman 1262:Hindu 1018:IRNSS 998:DORIS 856:DCF77 653:DCF77 543:1–31 541:month 462:Hours 394:1–12 392:Month 368:Other 90:JSTOR 76:books 2722:Year 2707:Week 2697:Hour 2151:DUT1 2090:and 1710:and 1673:Kāla 1368:List 1362:Maya 1158:and 1130:Past 1116:Time 1069:WWVL 1054:OLB5 949:YVTO 944:WWVH 886:WWVB 851:Beta 673:DUT1 649:WWVB 612:SYNC 597:SYNC 441:Year 345:0–6 142:time 62:news 2702:Day 1828:era 1818:eon 1808:age 1187:TAI 1177:UTC 1074:Y3S 1059:OMA 1049:NAA 1044:HBG 1039:BSF 967:UHF 959:VHF 939:WWV 934:RWM 919:HLA 909:CHU 904:BPM 871:RTZ 866:RBU 861:JJY 846:BSF 841:BPL 836:BPC 655:). 609::59 603::49 594::39 579:DST 573::58 567::48 546::57 533::47 511::56 505::46 489::55 483::45 470:16 467::54 456::44 451:32 435::53 429::43 413::52 407::42 399:16 386::51 375::41 365::38 361::01 337::50 328::40 319::00 215:MHz 156:in 146:kHz 122:BSF 45:by 2832:: 2146:ΔT 2141:UT 1773:– 1769:– 1182:UT 963:FM 761:1. 707:^ 606:1 589:0 586:2 570:4 562:? 559:8 536:16 525:P2 519:P1 514:1 508:1 500:2 497:2 492:4 486:4 478:8 475:8 459:16 448:1 438:64 432:2 424:1 421:4 416:2 410:8 402:4 378:32 356:1 353:1 350:0 228:kW 204:. 2080:e 2073:t 2066:v 1108:e 1101:t 1094:v 965:/ 961:/ 812:e 805:t 798:v 750:. 725:. 692:. 620:4 576:0 549:? 389:8 363:︙ 340:2 331:0 322:0 197:) 136:( 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

Index


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"BSF" time service
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callsign
time signal
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Taiwan
time
kHz
longwave
Zhongli District
Taichung
T-antenna
25°0′20″N 121°21′54″E / 25.00556°N 121.36500°E / 25.00556; 121.36500 (BSF Time Signal Transmitter)
shortwave
MHz
kW
effective radiated power
pulse-width modulation
amplitude-shift keying
Gray coded
even parity

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