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38:
1102:. Arnold stated: "The only other religious art that could have produced these pictures was the Manichaean, the Eastern Character of the types of face and figure, and the similarity in technical details to the Manichaean paintings that have survived in Central Asia, suggest that this is the source to which these strange pictures must be traced back."
1110:
historian
Albdulkarim Khondamir, who wrote; " Mani-like brushwork overwhelmed all other painters." From her studies of the fragments, Zsuzsanna Gulácsi concluded that a set of the artwork come from an authentically Manichaean book of pictures, harboring elements (such as the iconography, brush
1029:
notes that the "paintings were created first in mid-third century
Mesopotamia with direct involvement from Mani ... and were later preserved by being copied and adapted to a wide variety of artistic and cultural norms, as the religion spread across the Asian continent." Gulácsi points to the
1120:(during which Mani lived), with such identifiable elements as the quality of the lines, the simplicity of the faces, and the exuberant amount of detail in the folds of the garments. These similarities link the Turfan fragments to what is known of art in the
1115:
and were turned into the traditional painting style of future generations of
Manichaeans. Additionally, the Turfan fragments possess a primarily Persian appearance, specifically similar to the art that has survived from the
1006:. The Manichaean mission employed multifaceted means of communication (including oral, textual, and pictorial) so the beliefs may adapt to the variety of cultures it entered. These picture books covered the
986:, didactic books of paintings were used to illustrate the religion's teachings and beliefs. From the beginning, the prophet Mani envisioned his religion (which included the teachings of
1278:, which he said he had brought down from heaven. After the death of Shapur, he and a large procession of followers returned to Persia. According to this account, the new king
872:
illustrated by Mani has been lost and its exact content is unknown. However, it is known that its illustrations were of appreciable quality, and copies were preserved in the
1274:
are attributed to Mani). Mani then spent a year in the solitude of a cave after telling his followers that he was going to heaven. After the year, Mani returned with the
1074:, scholars began turning to the newly uncovered remains of Manichaean book art in order to assess through the fragments what could resemble the original style of the
2299:
2287:
2311:
1297:'s account of Mani's life) Mani is referred to as "Mani the Painter", almost always replacing the topos of "Founder of a Religion". In addition,
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Mani's
Pictures: The Didactic Images of the Manichaeans from Sasanian Mesopotamia to Uygur Central Asia and Tang-Ming China
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as early as 931 AD. Etoki performances typically filled halls with vertical scrolls that illustrated the story of the
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received and favored Mani, but he was later flayed alive for his heresies. In a 16th-century painting by
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account of Mani's life described the prophet as a painter who founded a sectarian movement against the
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1471:. "Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies" series. Vol. 90. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 440.
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is correct) that the character of
Arzhang first would've been illustrated in the style of the
1290:, Mani is shown at the throne Bahram as the king inspects one of the prophet's illustrations.
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861:. It was unique as a sacred text in that it contained numerous pictures designed to portray
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as a method of teaching, specifically providing insight into the cosmology of the era's
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suggested that the
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is likely the reason for the shared names, although it is coincidental (if
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The
Development of the Arts of the Book in Early Islamic Art of Persia
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1616:§ 14. The Problem of Manichæus, online at http://www.sacred-texts.com
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and various
Buddhist principles. Like Buddhism itself, this practice
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1426:"Searching for Mani's Picture Book in Textual and Pictorial Sources"
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held a copy. Since the discovery of
Manichaean artwork during the
2518:: † mainly a Tengrist text but recorded in a Manichaean monastery
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style, and use of colors) that originated in Mani's original
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Survivals of
Sasanian and Manichaean Art in Persian painting
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as late as 1092 AD, when it is recorded that the library of
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and reassessed the influence of Manichaean art in general.
298:
1217:
with the formal attributes of the hanging scrolls used in
974:), believing that the creation of art was comparable to
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818:
812:
1376:
1374:
1086:Following the discovery of Manichaean paintings in
884:, scholars began piecing together the style of the
1455:
1178:. The scrolls also often illustrated the life of
849:. It was written and illustrated by its prophet,
2527:
1371:
16:Disappeared holy book of the Manichaean religion
1628:Al-Fehrest, iii. Representation of Manicheism."
1058:. After the discovery of fragmentary pieces of
865:, which were regarded as integral to the text.
50:version of a book of pictures; an iteration of
1157:
1695:
1025:On the subject of Mani's original paintings,
772:
2411:Manichaean stone reliefs of Shangwan village
1597:Worldwide Conference for Historical Research
946:One of Mani's primary beliefs was that the
1702:
1688:
1595:". academia.edu. Lecture presented at the
1385:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 23–24.
1050:variations of Mani's tradition of using a
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765:
36:
1419:
1417:
2392:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 8259
2387:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 6368
2382:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4979
2377:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4974
2372:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4959
1516:
1491:
1395:
1227:
1130:
2497:Story of the Twin Dragons of Great Tang
1566:
1541:
1464:
1423:
1081:
839:, meaning "Worthy"), also known as the
2528:
2439:Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation
1675:The Book of Giants at sacred-texts.com
1414:
1380:
1166:as a method of teaching, beginning in
1043:Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation
891:
857:, with later reproductions written in
2421:Manichaean wall painting MIK III 6918
2416:Manichaean temple banner MIK III 6286
1683:
1329:defeats in his sixth trial. The word
2359:Episodes from Mani's Missionary Work
1424:Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna (June 29, 2011).
1266:. Prompted by threats, Mani fled to
1182:, who is credited as the founder of
1014:, maps of a religious universe, the
2083:Huichang Persecution of Manichaeism
1894:Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism
1341:theory on the Manichaean origin of
1232:Mani presenting an illustration to
802:
13:
1912:Sogdian-language Manichaean letter
1137:Manichaean Diagram of the Universe
1037:Manichaean Diagram of the Universe
14:
2567:
1668:
1521:. New York: Rizzoli. p. 95.
1225:Buddhist and Manichaean beliefs.
1198:banned Manichaeism in 1370), the
962:) were of the same esteem as the
1971:Two Principles and Three Moments
1759:
1496:. New York: Brill. p. 231.
1293:In Islamic tradition (excluding
998:) as a universal and therefore "
984:1400-year history of Manichaeism
911:
900:
575:Gnosticism and the New Testament
134:
1709:
1620:
1602:
1593:Monijiao (Manichaeism) in China
1492:Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim (1982).
1400:. New York: Brill. p. 60.
1396:Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim (1982).
1150:The Buddhist practice known as
1020:Manichaean prophets and deities
1004:vast spread from Europe to Asia
929:version of a book of pictures,
845:, was one of the holy books of
2446:Veneration of the Tree of Life
1778:Seven treatises of Manichaeism
1585:
1560:
1546:. Boston: Brill. p. 219.
1535:
1510:
1494:Manichaean Art And Calligraphy
1485:
1398:Manichaean Art And Calligraphy
1389:
976:god's creation of living forms
1:
1569:Mediaeval Manichaean Book Art
1544:Mediaeval Manichaean Book Art
1364:
1241:
1140:
1098:style during the time of the
1012:dualism of light and darkness
1008:primary themes of Manichaeism
934:
2427:Painting of the Buddha Jesus
2398:Mani's Community Established
1919:Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts
1571:. Boston: Brill. p. 7.
1176:spread into Japan from China
54:pictorial teaching with the
7:
1567:Gulacsi, Zsuzsanna (2005).
1542:Gulacsi, Zsuzsanna (2005).
1465:Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna (2015).
1352:
1124:area before the arrival of
819:
813:
721:Neoplatonism and Gnosticism
10:
2572:
2468:Manichaean (Unicode block)
1956:Zarathustra in Manichaeism
1757:
1517:Soudavar, Abolala (1992).
1343:Persian miniature painting
1096:Persian miniature painting
1016:process of human salvation
716:Gnosticism in modern times
18:
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2006:
1961:The Buddha in Manichaeism
1936:
1879:Dunhuang Manichaean texts
1829:
1768:
1717:
1519:Art of the Persian Courts
1158:
1002:" entity, leading to its
882:German Turfan expeditions
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87:
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67:
62:
35:
30:
681:Wisdom (personification)
2352:Diagram of the Universe
2077:Three Persian religions
1907:Turpan Manichaean texts
1442:10.11588/ts.2011.1.6173
1381:Arnold, Thomas (1924).
836:
828:
736:Theosophy (Blavatskian)
1986:Xroshtag and Padvaxtag
1247:
1236:in a painting by
1147:
637:Apocalyptic literature
1889:Manichaean Compendium
1849:Manichaean Psalm Book
1794:The Book of Mysteries
1640:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1430:Transcultural Studies
1231:
1134:
1018:, as well as various
704:Esoteric Christianity
570:Clementine literature
547:List of Gnostic texts
267:List of Gnostic sects
2541:Lost religious texts
2504:The Secret of Heaven
2490:The Gardens of Light
2108:Abū Hilāl al-Dayhūri
1966:Jesus in Manichaeism
1874:Medinet Madi library
1657:Encyclopædia Iranica
1333:meaning "worthy" in
1206:became close to the
1082:Influence and legacy
1066:art in the ruins of
1034:-era silk paintings
863:Manichaean cosmogony
726:Perennial philosophy
352:Christian Gnosticism
2174:Chinese Manichaeism
1946:Father of Greatness
1844:Fundamental Epistle
1608:John M. Robertson,
1303:is the name of the
1245: 16th century
1164:Pure Land Buddhists
1104:Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād
1056:Chinese Manichaeism
892:Content and purpose
741:Western esotericism
709:Christian theosophy
657:Paul and Gnosticism
580:Mandaean scriptures
560:Nag Hammadi library
498:Chinese Manichaeism
19:For the Daeva, see
2300:Flying Road Pagoda
2288:Puxi Fushou Palace
1981:Messenger of Light
1951:Prince of Darkness
1869:Cologne Mani-Codex
1806:Psalms and Prayers
1802:The Book of Giants
1633:2012-05-17 at the
1339:Thomas W. Arnold's
1258:state religion of
1248:
1211:Mahayana Buddhists
1194:(during which the
1148:
664:Merkabah mysticism
642:Early Christianity
599:Cologne Mani-Codex
504:Islamic Gnosticism
492:Chinese Gnosticism
473:Persian Gnosticism
320:Samaritan Baptist
293:Judean / Israelite
102:Early Christianity
2551:Illustrated books
2536:3rd-century books
2523:
2522:
2463:Manichaean script
2433:Sealstone of Mani
1184:Japanese Buddhism
1027:Zsuzsanna Gulácsi
982:. Throughout the
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241:World of Darkness
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2546:Manichaean texts
2345:Book of Pictures
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2133:Uyghur Khaganate
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2093:Sergius-Tychicus
1854:Psalms of Thomas
1813:Book of Pictures
1786:Treasure of Life
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1204:southern China
1196:Hongwu Emperor
1180:Prince Shōtoku
1135:Detail of the
1100:Safavid Empire
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2338:Birth of Mani
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2312:Leshan Temple
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2138:Cangnan Stele
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2019:
2017:
2014:
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2011:
2009:
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1839:New Testament
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1611:Pagan Christs
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1234:King Bahram I
1230:
1226:
1224:
1221:, while also
1220:
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1209:
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1193:
1189:
1186:. During the
1185:
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1177:
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1146:-14th century
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1000:transcultural
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964:divine spirit
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631:Influenced by
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594:Codex Tchacos
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565:Pseudo-Abdias
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259:Gnostic sects
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29:
26:
22:
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2366:Icon of Mani
2364:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2224:Commandments
2189:Organisation
2075:
2041:Shad Ohrmazd
1991:
1925:Moni Guangfo
1923:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1790:The Epistles
1655:
1638:
1622:
1609:
1604:
1596:
1587:
1568:
1562:
1543:
1537:
1518:
1512:
1493:
1487:
1467:
1445:. Retrieved
1433:
1429:
1397:
1391:
1382:
1346:
1330:
1312:
1298:
1295:Ibn al-Nadim
1292:
1275:
1249:
1223:syncretizing
1218:
1214:
1192:Ming dynasty
1188:Yuan dynasty
1151:
1149:
1122:Greater Iran
1118:Sassanid era
1112:
1085:
1075:
1051:
1041:
1035:
1024:
971:
945:
940:-9th century
921:Leaf from a
885:
869:
867:
841:
840:
837:dw bwngʾhyg
793:
792:
790:
693:Influence on
614:Berlin Codex
261:and founders
55:
42:Leaf from a
25:
2315: [
2303: [
2291: [
2231:Three Seals
2128:Persecution
2103:Amr ibn Adi
2088:Bögü Qaghan
1864:Xuastvanift
1820:Shabuhragan
1741:Zarathustra
1711:Manichaeism
1591:Char Yar. "
1447:December 9,
1325:, and whom
1307:(demon) in
1256:Zoroastrian
1144: 13th
988:Zarathustra
956:calligraphy
874:Middle East
847:Manichaeism
746:Rene Guenon
647:Christology
609:Bruce Codex
604:Askew Codex
484:Manichaeism
429:Basilideans
418:Alexandrian
329:Simon Magus
166:Anima mundi
156:Adam pagria
72:Manichaeism
63:Information
21:Arzhang Div
2530:Categories
2477:In fiction
2329:Visual art
2262:Repentance
2257:Evangelism
2236:Pañcavidyā
2179:Miqlāsiyya
2113:Lü Shinang
2066:Hegemonius
2061:Aphthonius
1832:literature
1798:Pragmateia
1578:900413994X
1553:900413994X
1528:0847816605
1503:9004064788
1407:9004064788
1365:References
1323:Mazanderan
1317:who takes
1288:Uzbekistan
938: 8th
927:Manichaean
540:Scriptures
460:Marcosians
443:Valentinus
412:Sethianism
395:Saturninus
378:Marcionism
314:Elkasaites
287:Thomasines
246:Yaldabaoth
186:Five Seals
151:Adam kasia
126:Gnosticism
48:Manichaean
2484:Ming Cult
2276:Buildings
2252:Eucharist
2210:Presbyter
2201:Patriarch
2026:Mar Sisin
1899:Irk Bitig
1859:Kephalaia
1770:Scripture
1736:Sakyamuni
1727:(Founder)
1652:"Arzhang"
1331:"arzhang"
1319:Kay Kāvus
1314:Shahnameh
1268:Turkestan
1208:Pure Land
1064:Manichean
1048:sinicized
808:romanized
699:Carl Jung
515:Nusayrism
424:Basilides
385:Nicolaism
363:Cerinthus
333:Simonians
324:Dositheos
304:Mandaeism
282:Maghāriya
2197:Archegos
2164:Denawars
2123:Lin Deng
2036:Mar Adda
2031:Mar Zaku
2021:Mar Ammo
2016:Apostles
1998:Asrestar
1938:Theology
1884:Xiabuzan
1746:Narayana
1718:Prophets
1631:Archived
1353:See also
1309:Ferdowsi
1280:Bahram I
1264:Shapur I
1200:Monijiao
1190:and the
972:Mihryazd
952:painting
950:(namely
833:Parthian
652:Docetism
467:Florinus
339:Menander
201:Luminary
181:Demiurge
119:a series
117:Part of
88:Language
68:Religion
2267:Fasting
2245:Rituals
2216:Hearers
2204:Apostle
2056:Agapius
2051:Faustus
2008:History
1643:, 1999.
1599:, 2012.
1347:Arzhang
1300:Arzhang
1276:Arzhang
1252:Islamic
1215:Arzhang
1156: (
1113:Arzhang
1076:Arzhang
886:Arzhang
870:Arzhang
859:Sogdian
820:Arzhang
810::
799:Persian
794:Arzhang
731:Thelema
587:Codices
407:Ophites
390:Perates
373:Marcion
358:Apelles
344:Quqites
310:Elksai
221:Pleroma
176:Barbelo
56:Arzhang
31:Arzhang
2283:Cao'an
2207:Bishop
2169:Astati
2143:Qianku
2071:Marcus
1992:Archon
1976:Gnosis
1575:
1550:
1525:
1500:
1475:
1404:
1327:Rostam
1272:Bamyan
1262:under
1219:e-toki
1172:Buddha
1153:e-toki
1108:Afghan
1088:Turfan
1068:Turfan
1060:Uyghur
996:Christ
994:, and
992:Buddha
958:, and
931:Turfan
923:Uyghur
878:Ghazni
855:Syriac
825:Coptic
814:Aržang
521:Modern
455:Marcus
368:Justin
226:Sophia
216:Ogdoad
196:Kenoma
191:Gnosis
171:Archon
113:
98:Period
92:Syriac
78:Author
52:Mani's
44:Uyghur
2516:Notes
2319:]
2307:]
2295:]
2213:Elect
2152:Sects
1731:Jesus
1436:(1).
1305:daeva
1168:China
1126:Islam
960:music
853:, in
829:Eikōn
803:ارژنگ
674:Philo
554:Texts
510:Druze
437:Roman
231:Uthra
211:Monad
206:Manda
2046:Mihr
1751:Seth
1725:Mani
1573:ISBN
1548:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1449:2019
1402:ISBN
1040:and
1032:Yuan
948:arts
851:Mani
791:The
479:Mani
299:Adam
161:Aeon
82:Mani
1654:at
1438:doi
1321:to
1311:'s
1250:An
2532::
2317:zh
2305:zh
2293:zh
1804:,
1800:,
1796:,
1792:,
1788:,
1784:,
1637:,
1457:^
1432:.
1428:.
1416:^
1373:^
1349:.
1242:c.
1240:,
1159:絵解
1141:c.
1139:,
1128:.
1078:.
1070:,
990:,
970::
954:,
935:c.
933:,
835::
831:;
827::
823:;
805:,
801::
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121:on
1901:†
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1780:(
1703:e
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1556:.
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1451:.
1440::
1434:2
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1062:-
966:(
925:-
817:/
780:e
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766:v
335:)
331:(
46:-
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
