252:
31:
459:
380:
161:
555:
689:
About two weeks before his death, Korzeniowski supervised the burning of all the manuscripts of his own work that he had in his possession. His son recalled: "I happened to go into his room a little earlier than usual that evening, and remaining unnoticed, stayed to watch the nursing-sister feeding
239:
In April 1856, Apollo married Ewa
Bobrowska, sister of Tadeusz Bobrowski and Stefan Bobrowski. Together with his mother-in-law, Apollo leased the village of Derebczynka. On 3 December 1857 the Korzeniowskis welcomed into the world their only child, Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski—who would be
274:
It was Apollo
Korzeniowski's years at Łuczyniec, Derebczynka, and Zhytomyr that saw the greatest flowering of his literary creativity. His first substantial work was a manuscript cycle of religious-patriotic poems,
436:
At the turn of the 1850s and 1860s, Korzeniowski once again engaged in sociopolitical activity. Thus, in April 1861 he took part, at
Zhytomyr, in deliberations by delegates of the nobility from the three
251:
690:
the blaze in the fire-place." However, a few manuscripts and a series of letters written before and during his exile to his most intimate friends survived in the possession of others.
500:." Korzeniowski, however, distanced himself from Majewski due to the latter's contacts with the "Whites" and became close to more radical groups, especially to youth in the
686:
in 1952, nearly a century after its 1854 composition, was attention brought to Apollo
Korzeniowski as an important literary personality and man of action in his own right.
334:, Korzeniowski severely criticized the Polish nobility in Ukraine and opposed it to two positive heroes—Henryk, a revolutionary-conspirator, and the Secretary, a cowed
1015:
1452:
30:
704:
952:
295:
accents. These accents also appeared in a manuscript cycle of poems written in 1855 at the news of the
Tsarist Army's bloody suppression of a peasant revolt in
271:, where Apollo for a time served as secretary of a bookselling and publishing association and became a member of the board of directors of a Polish theatre.
1071:
1472:
148:(21 February 1820 – 23 May 1869) was a Polish poet, playwright, translator, clandestine political activist, and father of Polish-English novelist
477:
447:
Agricultural
Associations, of a common Polish organization for the Rus and Lithuanian provinces; Korzeniowski proposed then sending the
1497:
1482:
1462:
893:
523:
Korzeniowski became a leading organizer of political demonstrations. He helped organize celebrations of the anniversary of the
1477:
1467:
1163:
966:
1447:
1442:
938:
368:. The new play likewise contained criticism of the wealthy Polish nobility in Ukraine, which was passing over to new,
1372:
1292:
338:
who, as the action develops, rebels against his employer. The play's 1855 publication (together with a lyric cycle,
1403:
699:
539:
of municipal elections that were scheduled to begin in Warsaw on 23 September 1861. When this effort failed and
496:). Initially he associated himself with K. Majewski, who would later name him in testimony as his deputy in a "
488:, Korzeniowski traveled from Zhytomyr to Warsaw. There he sought the right to publish a radical socio-literary
236:—a Polish uprising. It came to nought due to British and French reluctance to get involved in the Polish cause.
1228:
569:
On the night of 20–21 October 1861, Korzeniowski was arrested and held in custody in the Tenth
Pavilion of the
501:
859:
728:
1300:
1145:
1457:
1316:
472:, where Apollo Korzeniowski lived in 1861 with his wife and three-year-old son Konrad (the future novelist
214:
1487:
886:
1492:
1117:
1008:
906:
864:
267:
In early 1859, after losing all their fortune on the leasehold, the
Korzeniowskis moved permanently to
635:), was released from exile and allowed to leave Russia. In early 1868 he went with his son Konrad to
1380:
1340:
1050:
931:
458:
1089:
647:, likewise in Austrian Poland, where Apollo could work with the recently founded democratic daily,
547:, Korzeniowski was one of the chief initiators in forming (17 October 1861) a Municipal Committee (
588:
In exile, Korzeniowski resumed his literary work. He produced a memoir on "Poland and
Muscovy" ("
509:
376:
was contrasted only with an old nobleman-conservative who desperately clung to the feudal system.
1036:
287:'s poetry. Apollo overcame this influence only in the final poem of the cycle, "Forethunder" ("
1252:
1138:
1096:
879:
1332:
1268:
1057:
1022:
421:
1437:
1432:
1408:
1364:
1324:
1260:
1236:
1212:
620:
317:
670:
Apollo
Korzeniowski was long remembered merely as the father of English-language novelist
284:
8:
1308:
1244:
1220:
1204:
532:
1348:
980:
924:
659:
631:. In late 1867, Korzeniowski himself, on account of his poor health (tuberculosis and
610:
559:
443:
comprising Rus Province—deliberations whose aim was the creation, with the help of the
373:
188:. He was the son of Teodor Korzeniowski, an 1831 Polish Army captain, an impoverished
531:
A. Fijałkowski, and was the chief initiator of celebrations of the anniversary of the
283:, 1849–54), which came into being under the clear—and none too fortunate—influence of
1179:
1131:
1064:
1043:
973:
945:
1110:
1001:
756:
517:
304:
206:
181:
177:
58:
1171:
1029:
987:
605:
544:
524:
452:
415:
402:
389:
83:
1284:
675:
570:
554:
291:"), into which his earlier preparations for the unrealized uprising introduced
169:
54:
1426:
1356:
1276:
902:
743:
671:
632:
574:
473:
245:
217:, then returned to Ukraine, where in 1852 he became an estate manager in the
149:
137:
463:
628:
326:
662:. Over his grave stands a monument designed by sculptor Walery Gadomski.
1186:
615:
540:
497:
410:
398:
384:
379:
225:
871:
1124:
1103:
528:
369:
292:
683:
160:
658:
On 23 May 1869, Korzeniowski died in Kraków. He was interred in the
582:
439:
193:
189:
644:
563:
527:, was an organizer of a demonstration connected with the funeral of
429:(The Legend of the Ages). He also wrote much correspondence to the
79:
994:
959:
335:
268:
210:
173:
353:, severely treated by the critics, could gain a stage production.
640:
578:
536:
341:
260:
229:
218:
185:
62:
451:
a demand that these two provinces be joined administratively to
485:
469:
430:
296:
256:
233:
101:
198:
592:," published in a periodical in 1864); a fragment of a play,
228:, Apollo took an active part in preparations to organize in
636:
484:
In May 1861, hearing of a patriotic movement developing in
448:
512:, who would become the chief of the National Government (
372:
methods of management; this time, however, the criticized
16:
Polish poet, playwright, translator and political activist
600:); and a "Study of Drama in the Works of Shakespeare" ("
168:
Apollo Korzeniowski was born on 21 February 1820 in the
627:
At Chernihiv, in 1865, Korzeniowski's wife Ewa died of
705:
List of playwrights by nationality and date of birth
843:, London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., pp. xvi
755:Who would be a leading "Red" activist during the
551:)—the supreme authority of the "Red" conspiracy.
263:, where Apollo Korzeniowski married Ewa Bobrowska
213:, Apollo studied law and Oriental studies at the
1453:People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent
1424:
857:Taborski, Roman (1969), "Korzeniowski, Apollo",
232:—in the rears of the Russian armies fighting in
93:Poet, playwright, clandestine political activist
602:Studia nad dramatycznością w utworach Szekspira
356:In 1858 Korzeniowski published a second drama,
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
721:
719:
643:-occupied Poland. A year later they moved to
364:), which was to some extent a continuation of
887:
767:
765:
240:referred to by Polish family and friends as
802:
716:
397:Apart from original work, Korzeniowski did
894:
880:
901:
824:Taborski, Roman, "Korzeniowski, Apollo",
786:Taborski, Roman, "Korzeniowski, Apollo,"
772:Taborski, Roman, "Korzeniowski, Apollo",
762:
726:Taborski, Roman, "Korzeniowski, Apollo",
1473:Saint Petersburg State University alumni
856:
839:Conrad, Joseph (1919), "Author's Note",
553:
457:
425:, and fragments of the poem collection,
378:
250:
159:
244:—the future English-language novelist,
126: 1856; died 1865)
1425:
838:
875:
581:; a year later, this was commuted to
573:. In May 1862 he was sentenced by a
383:Korzeniowski's Polish translation of
316:), its beginning parts modeled after
823:
771:
725:
508:) and to the "Red" representative,
13:
14:
1509:
742:Later the guardian and mentor of
1498:19th-century Polish male writers
535:. He also worked to organize a
29:
1483:19th-century Polish translators
302:In 1854 Korzeniowski wrote his
123:
832:
793:
780:
749:
736:
172:village of Honoratka, then in
1:
1478:Burials at Rakowicki Cemetery
1404:Joseph Conrad's career at sea
939:The Nigger of the "Narcissus"
710:
700:List of Polish-language poets
1448:People from Lipovetsky Uyezd
1443:People from Vinnytsia Oblast
1399:Apollo Korzeniowski (father)
674:. Only with the astonishing
349:) became a social scandal.
255:Church of St. Stanisław, in
215:University of St. Petersburg
7:
860:Polski słownik biograficzny
826:Polski słownik biograficzny
788:Polski słownik biograficzny
774:Polski słownik biograficzny
729:Polski słownik biograficzny
693:
502:Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts
10:
1514:
1463:English–Polish translators
863:, vol. XIV, Wrocław:
850:
192:who made a living running
1468:French–Polish translators
1391:
1196:
1155:
1081:
932:An Outcast of the Islands
914:
665:
133:
107:
97:
89:
69:
40:
28:
21:
1016:Freya of the Seven Isles
604:"). He also translated
506:Akademia Sztuk Pięknych
478:"Chopin's Warsaw" bench
155:
1253:Outcast of the Islands
1139:Because of the Dollars
1097:An Outpost of Progress
566:
558:Korzeniowski's grave,
481:
427:La Légende des siècles
394:
264:
221:village of Łuczyniec.
205:After graduating from
165:
1058:The Nature of a Crime
953:The End of the Tether
757:January 1863 Uprising
557:
518:January 1863 Uprising
461:
409:and several works by
382:
254:
163:
865:Polska Akademia Nauk
799:In English, "Henry."
318:Aleksandr Griboyedov
224:In 1854, during the
1221:The Silver Treasure
164:Apollo Korzeniowski
146:Apollo Korzeniowski
35:Apollo Korzeniowski
23:Apollo Korzeniowski
1488:19th-century poets
1349:Spec Ops: The Line
1229:Dangerous Paradise
1009:Under Western Eyes
660:Rakowicki Cemetery
567:
560:Rakowicki Cemetery
510:Ignacy Chmieleński
482:
476:). In front is a
395:
358:For a Pretty Penny
265:
166:
1493:Polish male poets
1420:
1419:
1352:(2012 video game)
1301:Heart of Darkness
1180:A Personal Record
1132:The Secret Sharer
1044:The Arrow of Gold
946:Heart of Darkness
867:, pp. 167–69
841:A Personal Record
362:Dla miłego grosza
285:Zygmunt Krasiński
277:Purgatorial Songs
143:
142:
1505:
1373:The Secret Agent
1317:The Secret Agent
1293:The Secret Agent
1111:Karain: a Memory
1002:The Secret Agent
896:
889:
882:
873:
872:
868:
845:
844:
836:
830:
829:
821:
800:
797:
791:
784:
778:
777:
769:
760:
753:
747:
740:
734:
733:
723:
621:Comedy of Errors
543:was declared in
533:Union of Horodło
281:Czyśćcowe pieśni
207:secondary school
182:Vinnytsia Oblast
178:Kiev Governorate
170:Imperial Russian
127:
125:
76:
59:Vinnytsia Oblast
51:21 February 1820
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1387:
1341:Almayer's Folly
1192:
1151:
1077:
1037:The Shadow Line
925:Almayer's Folly
916:
910:
900:
853:
848:
837:
833:
822:
803:
798:
794:
785:
781:
770:
763:
754:
750:
741:
737:
724:
717:
713:
696:
668:
606:Charles Dickens
590:Polska i Moskwa
549:Komitet Miejski
545:Congress Poland
525:Union of Lublin
453:Congress Poland
403:Alfred de Vigny
347:Strofy oderwane
158:
129:
121:
117:
114:
84:Austrian Poland
78:
74:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Clan of Nałęcz
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1285:Apocalypse Now
1281:
1273:
1265:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1164:The Inheritors
1159:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
967:The Inheritors
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
920:
918:
912:
911:
899:
898:
891:
884:
876:
870:
869:
852:
849:
847:
846:
831:
801:
792:
779:
761:
748:
735:
714:
712:
709:
708:
707:
702:
695:
692:
676:world premiere
667:
664:
571:Warsaw Citadel
422:Marion Delorme
405:'s 1835 drama
157:
154:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
119:
115:
112:
111:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
77:(aged 49)
71:
67:
66:
55:Russian Empire
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1510:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1411:
1410:Joseph Conrad
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1381:The Young One
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:Secret Sharer
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:The Duellists
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:Short stories
1080:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
996:
992:
990:
989:
985:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
943:
941:
940:
936:
934:
933:
929:
927:
926:
922:
921:
919:
913:
908:
904:
903:Joseph Conrad
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
877:
874:
866:
862:
861:
855:
854:
842:
835:
828:, p. 168
827:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
796:
789:
783:
776:, p. 167
775:
768:
766:
758:
752:
745:
744:Joseph Conrad
739:
732:, p. 167
731:
730:
722:
720:
715:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
691:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:Joseph Conrad
663:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:heart disease
630:
625:
623:
622:
617:
613:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
575:court martial
572:
565:
561:
556:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
516:) during the
515:
514:Rząd Narodowy
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
475:
474:Joseph Conrad
471:
467:
465:
460:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:
434:
432:
428:
424:
423:
418:
417:
413:: the dramas
412:
408:
404:
400:
392:
391:
386:
381:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
343:
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:
305:chef d'oeuvre
300:
298:
297:Skvira County
294:
293:revolutionary
290:
286:
282:
278:
272:
270:
262:
258:
253:
249:
247:
246:Joseph Conrad
243:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
200:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
162:
153:
151:
150:Joseph Conrad
147:
139:
138:Joseph Conrad
136:
132:
113:Ewa Bobrowska
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:(present-day
56:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1409:
1398:
1379:
1371:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1267:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
858:
840:
834:
825:
795:
787:
782:
773:
751:
738:
727:
688:
679:
678:of Apollo's
669:
657:
652:
648:
629:tuberculosis
626:
619:
609:
601:
597:
593:
589:
587:
577:to exile in
568:
548:
522:
513:
505:
493:
489:
483:
462:
444:
438:
435:
433:newspapers.
426:
420:
414:
406:
401:, including
399:translations
396:
388:
365:
361:
357:
355:
350:
346:
339:
331:
327:Woe from Wit
325:
322:Gorie ot uma
321:
313:
309:
308:, the drama
303:
301:
288:
280:
276:
273:
266:
241:
238:
223:
204:
202:Dyakiewicz.
197:
196:, and Julia
167:
145:
144:
75:(1869-05-23)
1438:1869 deaths
1433:1820 births
1197:Adaptations
1187:Last Essays
1156:Other works
616:Shakespeare
598:Bez ratunku
541:martial law
498:triumvirate
494:Dwutygodnik
411:Victor Hugo
385:Victor Hugo
320:'s comedy,
226:Crimean War
98:Nationality
73:23 May 1869
53:Honoratka,
1427:Categories
1125:Amy Foster
1104:The Lagoon
1090:The Idiots
1051:The Rescue
915:Novels and
711:References
611:Hard Times
529:Archbishop
464:Nowy Świat
440:guberniyas
407:Chatterton
370:capitalist
194:leaseholds
90:Occupation
47:1820-02-21
1333:Gabrielle
1328:(1997 TV)
1269:The Rover
1065:The Rover
790:, p. 167.
594:No Rescue
583:Chernihiv
445:guberniya
387:'s drama
289:Przedgrom
1325:Nostromo
1309:Victory
1261:Lord Jim
1237:Sabotage
1213:Lord Jim
1146:The Tale
1072:Suspense
995:Nostromo
960:Lord Jim
917:novellas
694:See also
653:Homeland
641:Austrian
490:Biweekly
342:Strophes
336:plebeian
269:Zhytomyr
211:Zhytomyr
190:nobleman
174:Lypovets
134:Children
1392:Related
1245:Victory
1205:Victory
1172:Romance
1030:Victory
988:Romance
974:Typhoon
851:Sources
684:Wrocław
579:Vologda
537:boycott
416:Hernani
390:Hernani
330:). In
310:Komedia
261:Ukraine
230:Ukraine
186:Ukraine
176:Uyezd,
128:
120:
116:
63:Ukraine
1412:(ship)
1384:(2016)
1376:(2016)
1368:(2014)
1360:(2014)
1357:Hanyut
1344:(2011)
1336:(2005)
1320:(1996)
1312:(1996)
1304:(1993)
1296:(1992)
1288:(1979)
1280:(1977)
1272:(1967)
1264:(1965)
1256:(1951)
1248:(1940)
1240:(1936)
1232:(1930)
1224:(1926)
1216:(1925)
1208:(1919)
1175:(1903)
1167:(1901)
1023:Chance
680:Comedy
666:Legacy
645:Kraków
564:Kraków
486:Warsaw
470:Warsaw
431:Warsaw
393:, 1862
374:milieu
366:Comedy
351:Comedy
340:Stray
332:Comedy
314:Comedy
257:Orativ
242:Konrad
234:Crimea
219:Podole
180:, now
108:Spouse
102:Polish
80:Kraków
1118:Youth
907:works
639:, in
122:(
118:
981:Falk
649:Kraj
637:Lviv
614:and
449:Tsar
419:and
156:Life
70:Died
41:Born
682:in
655:).
618:'s
209:in
199:née
1429::
804:^
764:^
718:^
624:.
608:'
585:.
562:,
520:.
468:,
466:47
455:.
299:.
259:,
248:.
184:,
152:.
124:m.
82:,
61:,
1148:"
1144:"
1141:"
1137:"
1134:"
1130:"
1127:"
1123:"
1120:"
1116:"
1113:"
1109:"
1106:"
1102:"
1099:"
1095:"
1092:"
1088:"
909:)
905:(
895:e
888:t
881:v
759:.
746:.
651:(
596:(
504:(
492:(
480:.
360:(
345:—
324:(
312:(
279:(
65:)
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
