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629:. His principal defect is monotony: his own self is his solitary theme, and he seldom attempts any other form of composition than the sonnet. On the other hand, few poets who have chiefly devoted themselves to this form have produced so large a proportion of really exquisite work. The comparatively few pieces in which he either forgets his doubts and inward conflicts or succeeds in giving them an objective form, are among the most beautiful in any literature. The purely introspective sonnets are less attractive, but equally finely wrought, interesting as psychological studies, and impressive from their sincerity. His mental attitude is well described by himself as the effect of Germanism on the unprepared mind of a Southerner. He had learned much and half-learned more, which he was unable to assimilate, and his mind became a chaos of conflicting ideas, settling down into a condition of gloomy negation, save for the one conviction of the vanity of existence, which ultimately destroyed him. Healthy participation in public affairs might have saved him, but he seemed incapable of entering upon any course that did not lead to delusion and disappointment. As a prose writer de Quental displayed high talents, though he wrote little. His most important prose is the
392:
towards the middle of the irrespective intellectual agitation of an urban center, where the newly found currents of the modern spirit would come more or less to recuperate. As all my
Catholic and traditional upbringing swept away instantly, I fell into a state of doubt and uncertainty, as ever the more pungent as I, a naturally religious spirit, had been born to believe placidly and obey without effort to an unknown rule. I found myself without direction, a terrible state of mind, shared more or less by all those of my generation, the first one in Portugal to ever leave the old road of tradition with decision and awareness. If to this I add a burning imagination, with which Nature had blessed me in excess, the awakening of the loving passions known to early manhood, turbulence and petulance, the enthusiasms and discouragements of a meridional temperament, a lot of good faith and goodwill but a severe lack of patience and method, and the portrait of my qualities and defects with which I, at 18 years old, penetrated in the vast world of thought and poetry, shall be drawn.
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358:. Despite their relationship, Quental would later criticize Castilho and other Romantic poets, sparking a divisive conflict. Quental was seven when he was enrolled at Liçeu Açoriano, a private school where he received English lessons from Mr. Rendall, a renowned prospector on the island. In August 1852, Quental moved with his mother to
537:), which marked the beginning of the spread of Socialist and Anarchist ideas in Portugal; in this Quental distinguished himself as a crusader for republican ideals. He presented himself on two occasions (1879 and 1881) as a candidate for the Partido Socialista Português (Portuguese Socialist Party).
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The important fact in my life during those years, and probably the most decisive one, was the sort of intellectual and moral revolution that took place within myself, as I left a poor child, pulled away from an almost patriarchal living of a remote province immersed in its placid historical slumber,
464:
in which he defended their independence. Quental pointed to the mission of poets in an era of great transformation (the necessity to be messengers of the day's great ideological questions) and also criticized
Castilho's style of poetry, labeling it ridiculous and trivial. This gave rise to the 1865
492:
Following this controversy, Quental traveled, engaged in political and socialist agitation, and found his way through a series of disappointments, eventually embracing a mild form of pessimism. Paradoxically, this new attitude animated his poetry and gave him new, albeit darker philosophical
396:
He soon distinguished himself for his oral and written talents, as well as for his turbulent and eccentric nature. While in
Coimbra, he founded the Sociedade do Raio, which aimed at promoting literature to the masses, and made blasphemous challenges to religion.
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material. In 1866, he went to live in Lisbon, where he experimented with proletarianism and worked as a typographer at the
National Press, a job that he also continued in Paris (where he went to support the French workers), between January and February 1867.
564:). He regarded his time in Vila do Conde as the best of his life. To Carolina Michaelis de Vasconcelos, a friend, he wrote of his need to end his poetry and begin a philosophical phase in his writing, to develop and synthesize his philosophy.
551:
In 1880, he adopted the two daughters of his friend, Germano
Meireles, who had died in 1877. During a trip to Paris, Quental became seriously ill, and in September 1881, under counsel from his doctor, Quental began residing in
603:
Properly speaking there has been no
Portuguese literature before Antero de Quental; before that there has been either a preparation for a future literature, or foreign literature written in the Portuguese
366:
Your excellency once put up with me at your Colégio do Pórtico when I was still ten years old, and I confess that I owe you much for your great patience, for the little French that I have known until this
362:, where he studied at Colégio do Pórtico, whose headmaster was his old tutor Castilho. When the institution closed, Quental returned to Ponta Delgada in 1853. On writing to his old headmaster, he said:
540:
In 1873, Quental inherited a sizable amount of money, which allowed him to live in reasonable comfort. Owing to tuberculosis the following year, he rested but returned to re-edit his
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edited the
Sonnets (Oporto, 1886), supplying an introductory essay. An interesting collection of studies on the poet by the leading Portuguese writers appeared in a volume entitled
371:
Throughout the latter part of his life, Quental dedicated his studies to poetry, politics, and philosophy. By 1855, at the age of 16, he had returned to Lisbon, then went to
452:, among others. Castilho accused this student group of poetic exhibitionism, obscurity, and generally a lack of good sense and taste. In response, Quental published
657:(Anthero de Quental, Sixty-four Sonnets, London, 1894), together with a striking autobiographical letter addressed by Quental to his German translator, Dr. Storck.
586:, at the time of his last trip to Lisbon, he was in a state of steady depression, compounded by spinal disease. After a month in Lisbon, he returned once again to
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while seated on a bench in a local garden park. He died approximately an hour later. "Of all things, the worst is having been born," he wrote in a poem.
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278:, philosopher, and writer. Quental is regarded as one of the greatest poets of his generation and is recognized as one of the most influential
473:). Quental's group became known as the 70s Generation, but the ultra-romantic group of António Feliciano de Castilho did not receive a label.
579:), although his involvement was short-lived. When he eventually returned to Lisbon, he stayed at the home of his sister, Ana de Quental.
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from the family's manor house. Fernando himself was the son of André da Ponte de
Quental da Câmara e Sousa, a veteran of the
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Despite being an aristocrat, Fernando de
Quental supported the liberal movement, going so far as to chip away the family
331:. Antero's mother was Ana Guilhermina da Maia (16 July 1811 – 28 November 1876), a devout relative of Fr.
916:
901:
512:, an intellectual group of anarchists against many of the political, social, and intellectual conventions of the day.
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system. His father was
Fernando de Quental (10 May 1814 – 7 March 1873), a veteran of the Portuguese
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Throughout his life, Quental oscillated between pessimism and depression; afflicted with what might have been
804:
694:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: TAP Portugal/Lisgráfica - Impressão e Artes Gráficas, SA, pp. 146–147
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412:, which championed intellectual revolution. During that year, a conflict (which would later be known as
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416:) developed between the traditionalist poets and the younger students. The old guard was championed by
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420:(at that time the chief living poet of the elder generation). The group of students included Quental,
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Quental began to write poetry at an early age, chiefly, though not entirely, devoting himself to the
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and also a liberal enthusiast who befriended and found himself locked up with the great poet
544:. He moved to Oporto, Portugal in 1879, and in 1886 published arguably his best poetic work,
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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He briefly went to the United States but returned to Lisbon in 1868. In Lisbon, along with
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around June 1891. On September 11 that year, at about 8:00 PM, he committed suicide by
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653:(Oporto, 1896). The sonnets have been translated into many languages; into English by
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Direção Regional da Cultura. Governo dos Açores, 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
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759:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 741–742.
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In 1861, Quental published his first sonnets. Four years later, he published
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823:, ed. Manuela Parreira da Silva, Lisboa, Assírio & Alvim, 1999, p. 197.
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548:, which included many passages considered autobiographical and symbolic .
774:(in Portuguese). Coimbra, Portugal: Universidade de Coimbra. p. 15.
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274:; 18 April 1842 – 11 September 1891) was a Portuguese
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Considerações sobre a philosophia da historia literaria Portugueza
531:, Quental organized the famous "Conferências do Casino" (English:
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Roteiros culturais dos Açores: Personalidades: Antero de Quental
556:, where he remained until May 1891 (with a few intervals in the
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Considerações sobre a Filosofia da História Literária Portuguesa
633:, but he earned fame by his pamphlets on the Coimbra question,
571:, on 11 January 1890, Quental agreed to preside over the minor
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Tendências Gerais da filosofia na Segunda Metade do Século XIX
319:. His family was among the oldest families of the provincial
772:"Bom Senso e Bom Gosto carta ao ex.mo sr. A.F. de Castilho"
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artists of all time. His name is often mentioned alongside
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where he graduated from the Colégio de São Bento in 1857.
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Unedited letters of Antero de Quental to Wilhelm Storck
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Questão Coimbrã, Romanticism, Socialist Experimentalism
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Antero at the head of modern Portuguese poetry after
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Cartas Inéditas de Antero de Quental a Wilhelm Storck
387:, where he studied law and adopted socialist ideas.
27:
Portuguese poet, philosopher, and writer (1842–1891)
609:Fernando Pessoa, letter to William Bentley, 1915.
201:Defesa da Carta Encíclica de Sua Santidade Pio IX
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639:A dignidade das lettras e litteraturas officiaes
197:A Dignidade das Letras e as Literaturas Oficiais
519:with Oliveira Martins, and in 1872, along with
517:A República - Jornal da Democracia Portuguesa
346:. As a child, he took French lessons under
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480:A late portrait of Antero de Quental by
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383:In the fall of 1856, he enrolled at the
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803:Facundes Duarte, Luiz (in Portuguese).
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515:In 1869, Quental founded the newspaper
205:Portugal perante a Revolução de Espanha
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225:A Filosofia da Natureza dos Naturistas
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690:Simões, Manuel, "Antero de Quental",
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651:Anthero de Quental. In Memoriam
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714:Manuel Maria Barbosa de Bocage
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307:Antero de Quental was born in
288:Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage
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907:19th-century Portuguese poets
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523:, began to edit the magazine
418:António Feliciano de Castilho
348:António Feliciano de Castilho
942:University of Coimbra alumni
637:, a letter to Castilho, and
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70:Anthero Tarquínio de Quental
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868:(public domain audiobooks)
785:Quental, Antero de (1931).
770:Quental, Antero de (1865).
592:two gunshots to the stomach
527:. In 1871, the year of the
337:Congregation of the Oratory
259:Antero Tarquínio de Quental
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862:Works by Antero de Quental
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482:Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro
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917:People from Ponta Delgada
902:19th-century male writers
821:Correspondência 1905-1922
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617:Encyclopædia Britannica
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217:A Poesia na Actualidade
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139:University of Coimbra
462:Literaturas Oficiais
450:Guilherme de Azevedo
404:, influenced by the
263:European Portuguese:
233:Raios de extinta luz
751:Quental, Anthero de
567:In reaction to the
525:O Pensamento Social
280:Portuguese language
185:Beatrice e Fiat Lux
819:Pessoa, Fernando.
534:Casino Conferences
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446:Jaime Batalha Reis
329:Landing of Mindelo
284:Luís Vaz de Camões
164:Revolution, Nature
848:Project Gutenberg
614:According to the
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546:Sonetos Completos
354:, who resided in
352:Romantic movement
335:, founder of the
311:on the island of
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313:São Miguel
130:Portuguese
122:Portuguese
111:Occupation
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148:1861–1892
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607:—
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119:Language
30:In this
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36:surname
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