372:). The two brothers were also guaranteed the right to inherit territory in the former Byzantine Empire, should such territory be recovered from the Ottomans, and, as recognized heirs to the Byzantine imperial title, given the right to appoint princes and even kings themselves. The papacy was eager to support the Angeli, not only because Pope Paul III had genuinely believed their claims, but also because a family of Catholic descendants of Byzantine emperors provided hope that if the Ottomans were ever driven out of the Balkans, the Byzantine Empire could be restored under a Catholic dynasty, religiously obedient to the papacy.
417:
335:
actual royal lineages, to accept their descent. Descent through female lines, claimed by some of the members of the family, is also plausible. The claims of the Angeli of imperial descent were accepted in
Western Europe without much dispute: there were already several known descendants of Byzantine nobility across the continent, legitimate or not, so the addition of another family was not surprising. The earliest certain ancestor of the Angeli was the Albanian noble Andres Engjëlli (Hellenized as "Andreas Angelos" and written as "Andrea Angelo" in Italian), attested in the 1480s.
570:
34:
243:
448:, as his heir. Because of the hereditary succession, and the increasing prestige of the order, the Angeli had to face several forgers and self-styled princes who claimed either relation with their family, or alternate lines of imperial descent themselves, so as to produce superior claims to the position. For the most part, such claimants were opportunists without actual links to Greek or Albanian families, and the Angeli were consistently successful in exposing fraudsters and maintaining their own rights.
381:
428:, the last male-line member of the Arianiti family (also of Albanian descent) in Italy, in 1551, the Angeli family claimed his titular title of 'Prince of Macedonia'. Through Dorothea Arianiti, Paolo and Andrea's grandmother, the Angeli were related to the Arianiti family. Dorothea was the aunt of Arianitto's father
653:, before the titles fell into disuse. Among later "Byzantine pretenders", Lazier was not alone in making claims to the Constantinian order, or other invented chivalric orders. Many later forgers of Byzantine claims purported that they were either part of the Constantinian Order, or its legitimate grand master.
395:. When the Angeli began to claim to represent grand masters of this order is not entirely clear, though the claim is attested from Pope Paul III's acknowledgement of the descent of Andrea and Paolo in 1545 onwards. Though the order was of very recent origin, the Angeli claimed that it was the successor of
404:
for such an institution, and no records of the order exist before the 16th century. Furthermore, chivalric orders, especially in a western sense, were completely unknown in the
Byzantine world. The earliest reference to the Constantinian Order in a form resembling that of the Angeli is from 1522, when
403:
in the 7th century, depending on the account. These claims were soon widely accepted throughout Europe. Claims that the
Constantinian Order represented an ancient imperial institution, which many Byzantine emperors had supposedly served as grand masters for, is fantasy. There are no Byzantine records
628:
under the name "Maria
Costanzo della Croce". Through surviving documents it is apparent that Laura had actually wished to marry and did not want to become a nun, but had been forced to by Francesco Farnese, who did not want to risk her having children; a potential future generation of rivals to his
334:
It is possible that the later Angeli in Italy either directly or collaterally descended from less well known children or cousins of the
Angelos emperors. That there might be some truth to the Angeli's claim to illustrious descent is strengthened by the willingness of other Balkan nobles, in part of
408:
were issued by the grand master "Giovanni II Cesare
Nemagna Paleologos, prince of the Slavonians and Romans". The early development of the order was thus not initiated by the Angeli themselves, though Giovanni Cesare's documents mention the Angeli family as members of the order. It is not clear
214:
1185–1195 and 1203–1204) are unlikely to be correct given that all known male-line descendants of Isaac II were long dead before the Angeli appeared in Italy. Perhaps they descended from less known children or cousins of the
Angeloi emperors, or possibly through a female line. Their descent was
435:
Because the Angeli had prominent familial connections in Italy and elsewhere, notably to the
Arianiti family, also of Albanian descent, and through some means managed to convince the popes of the legitimacy of their descent and their order, they reached a position more or less unique among the
1686:, who they claimed had an otherwise unattested son called Alexios Andreas. Alexios Andreas would then have been the father of a man by the name of Michael, who was the father of a man called Andreas, who was the father of a man called Michael or Peter, who was the father of Andres Engjëlli.
644:
dynasty, his forged genealogy inserting himself into a garbled version of the Angeli genealogy, with many of the claimed Angeli ancestors transformed into
Palaiologoi. Lazier referred to himself as "Johannes Antonius Angelus Flavius Comnenus Lascaris Palaeologus" and as
409:
whether
Giovanni Cesare's order ever actually existed, or if it was an abortive attempt at founding such an institution, which later succeeded under the Angeli. No later members of Giovanni Cesare's Nemangna family (possibly claiming connections to the Serbian
432:, meaning that Andrea and Paolo were Arianitto's third cousins. Some later members of the family later claimed that the title had been used by their family since at least Andres Engjëlli in the aftermath of Constantinople's fall.
288:, and had sons, all documented direct male-line descendants were long dead before the Angeli arrived in Italy. The male line of the Angelos emperors is not recorded to have survived beyond the death of Emperor
234:, whose descendants remain grand masters to this day. Giovanni Andrea II's death five years later, in 1703, was followed by the death of his niece, Laura Angeli, in 1756, which rendered the family extinct.
38:
Coat of arms of the Angelo Flavio Comneno as depicted in "Genealogia d'imperatori romani et constantinopolitani et de regi prencipi et signori che da Isatio Angelo & Vespasiano...", published in 1551.
616:
it is the sole international Catholic Order which still has this status today. The male line of the Angeli family was rendered extinct with the death of the childless Giovanni Andrea II on 8 April 1703.
284:(1569–1634) claimed Isaac II was his ancestor in the ninth degree. Although Isaac II had many descendants in the female line, being related to many noble and royal houses in Europe through his daughter
436:
various Byzantine claimants active in Western Europe during the 16th century. That the order was transferred hereditarily was firmly established through Andrea Angeli naming as heir his older brother
105:
2882:
649:" and claimed connection with the Constantinian Order. Lazier also claimed the title of 'Prince of Macedonia' among others, a claim that was continued by his opponent and later "successor"
354:, one of the most prominent Christian leaders in Albania. Once the Albanian resistance against the Ottoman Empire was defeated and the country was conquered, the Angeli escaped to Italy.
1695:
Maria Altadonna had a single son, by her second husband Giovanni Battista Vuković Lazari, named Michele, who later became vice-chancellor of the Constantinian Order.
2471:
451:
Throughout their tenure as grand masters, the Angeli gradually inflated their family name. Whereas the early heads of the family simply used "Angeli" or "Angelo" (
350:, who led Albanian resistance against the Ottomans. Pal's younger brother Pjetër (later called Pietro in Italian sources) married Lucia Span, the daughter of
392:
385:
185:
2519:
2889:
188:, a knightly order with invented Byzantine connections. From the 16th century onwards, the heads of the family styled themselves as "Prince of
296:, uncle of Isaac II and Angelos III. John's descendants, who often preferred to use the name 'Komnenos Doukas' rather than 'Angelos', ruled
203:
It is possible that their claims to descent from the Angeloi were genuine, but their own genealogies, which professed descent from Emperor
2490:
Armamentarii historico-legalis ordinum equestrium et militarium in codices tripertiti... opera, et studio Thomae Aloysii Silvii Torelli...
2335:
309:
399:'s 'Labarum guard' and that it was of antique origin, founded either by Constantine himself in the 4th century or his later successor
2457:
2512:
2446:
2392:
2306:
2292:
2336:"George Heracleus Basilicos, a Greek Pretender to a Balkan Principality (End of the XVI – Beginning of the XVII century)"
2417:
2488:
2427:
1634:
320:
613:
2287:
2658:
2505:
581:
227:
351:
3013:
542:(1678–1679), 'Prince of Macedonia and Thessaly, Duke and Count of Drivasto and Durazzo'. Brother of Angelo Maria.
515:(1580–1592), 'Prince of Cilicia and Macedonia, Duke and Count of Drivasto and Durazzo'. Son of Giovanni Demetrio.
533:(1634–1678), 'Prince of Macedonia and Thessaly, Duke and Count of Drivasto and Durazzo'. Grandson of Girolamo I.
2875:
2405:
The Imperial Constantinian Order of St. George: A Review of Modern Impostures and a Sketch of Its True History
361:
and Paolo Angeli, sons of Pjetër, were officially acknowledged as descendants of the Angelos emperors by Pope
620:
The family line was extinguished in 1756 with the death of Giovanni Andrea II's niece, Laura. Laura became
2808:
293:
2538:
2419:
The Constantinian Order of Saint George: and the Angeli, Farnese and Bourbon families which governed it
2384:
2439:
The Sultan of vezirs: the life and times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic (1453–1474)
2983:
1443:
589:
573:
554:
491:
1551–1571), 'Prince of Achaea, Cilicia and Macedonia', with Andrea and Girolamo I. Brother of Andrea.
223:
2816:
316:
3008:
2947:
2920:
2551:
1349:
848:
560:(1687–1703), 'Prince of Macedonia, Duke and Count of Drivasto and Durazzo'. Brother of Girolamo II.
551:(1679–1687), 'Prince of Macedonia, Duke and Count of Drivasto and Durazzo'. Grandson of Girolamo I.
518:
481:
445:
437:
281:
2851:
637:
2381:
The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans
636:, who died in Vienna in 1738, claimed descent not only from the Angeli but also from the despot
2867:
2826:
2791:
2841:
1654:
444:, and through Pietro, who succeeded to the position of grand master in 1580, naming his son,
396:
270:
416:
2821:
2796:
597:
569:
463:) by Giovanni Andrea I, producing the full set of names often used to refer to the family.
429:
524:(1592–1634), 'Prince of Macedonia, Duke and Count of Drivasto and Durazzo'. Son of Pietro.
305:
8:
2956:
2623:
1374:
661:
Follows Sainty (2018). Princes are marked with bold text, women are marked with italics.
633:
527:
297:
289:
410:
2974:
2576:
1683:
1421:
580:
The Angeli ceased being grand masters of their order when those rights were granted to
545:
504:
1570–1591), 'Prince of Thessaly', with Andrea and Giovanni Demetrio. Brother of Andrea.
425:
420:
Coat of arms of the Angelo Flavio Comneno in 1680 with the Constantinian Order included
189:
176:) family were a Venetian noble family of Albanian descent who claimed descent from the
111:
269:
Byzantine Greek dynasty. They also claimed that Isaac II was a direct descendant from
2929:
2778:
2528:
2475:
2442:
2423:
2388:
2346:
2302:
874:
593:
494:
167:
142:
2688:
2581:
2561:
2556:
2413:
650:
601:
255:
247:
204:
181:
346:(later called Paolo Angeli in Italian sources), was a counsellor and supporter of
242:
33:
2676:
2636:
2611:
2546:
2403:
339:
246:
Claimed genealogy of the Angeli, showing them as direct male-line descendants of
2701:
723:
343:
2836:
2831:
2721:
2716:
2671:
2666:
2606:
2591:
2283:
324:
285:
216:
3002:
2938:
2911:
2856:
2846:
2766:
2741:
2696:
2601:
2596:
2586:
2571:
2479:
2358:
2350:
1069:
863:
585:
509:
472:
441:
362:
358:
231:
478:(1551–1580), 'Prince of Macedonia, Duke and Count of Drivasto and Durazzo'.
2965:
2786:
2761:
2756:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2711:
2706:
2646:
2566:
2376:
1385:
536:
2497:
380:
2641:
2631:
641:
609:
304:
until the 14th century. Among their last known recorded descendants were
1682:
The Angeli held that they were descendants of Isaac II through his son
605:
347:
106:
Grand Master of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
2327:
Western Travellers to Constantinople: The West and Byzantium, 962-1204
632:
There were later attempts to claim male-line descent from the family.
2746:
400:
328:
2316:
Bierbrier, M. L. (1988). "The Paleologus Family: Fact and Fiction".
2298:
625:
301:
193:
125:
118:
405:
266:
254:
The Angeli claimed to be direct male-line descendants of Emperor
197:
177:
129:
58:
47:
2897:
2751:
2361:(1933), "Radu Cantacuzino. Ședința dela 10 Iunie 1932 [
1975:
1670:
2261:
459:) was added by Pietro, followed by the addition of "Comneno" (
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2106:
2104:
62:
592:
in 1698. Farnese's right to the order was confirmed by Pope
292:
in 1211. Later members of the Angelos family descended from
608:
owing to a notable success in liberating Christians in the
338:
Andres Engjëlli married Dorothea Arianiti of the prominent
2201:
2116:
2101:
2089:
2079:
2077:
604:
family, confirmed as a religious-military order in a 1718
600:. The order exists to this day, now under the rule of the
2363:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1819:
621:
2472:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1795:
375:
2074:
2040:
2038:
1999:
1965:
1963:
1877:
1875:
1862:
1860:
1858:
413:) ever challenged the Angeli for the grand mastership.
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
2225:
2213:
2162:
2137:
1887:
1831:
1807:
226:, who in 1698 transferred the Constantinian Order to
2249:
2237:
2189:
2062:
2050:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1987:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1872:
1855:
1843:
1770:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1708:
393:
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
386:
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
186:
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
200:", though other titles were also sometimes used.
3000:
2369:Memoriile Secțiunii Istorice a Academiei Române
2333:
1981:
184:. In the 16th century, the family founded the
2883:
2513:
466:
2401:
2095:
2527:
391:The Angeli family were the founders of the
2890:
2876:
2520:
2506:
32:
2436:
2315:
2083:
1837:
2282:
2044:
568:
415:
379:
241:
2486:
2470:(in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki:
2324:
2131:
1813:
647:Princeps de genere Imperatorum Orientis
3001:
2455:
2412:
2267:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2156:
2110:
2068:
2056:
2029:
2005:
1993:
1969:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1881:
1866:
1849:
1825:
1801:
1789:
1764:
1747:
1735:
1661:. Sometimes shorter variants, such as
2871:
2501:
2375:
2357:
2255:
2243:
2017:
1723:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
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872:
870:
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846:
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839:
837:
832:
744:
731:
729:
722:
690:
684:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
624:in the convent of the Holy Spirit in
376:Foundation of the Constantinian Order
342:. The eldest son of Andres Engjëlli,
2293:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
564:
2493:(in Latin). typis Antonii Barbiani.
2299:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
13:
1635:Succession to the Byzantine Empire
222:The last prince of the family was
14:
3025:
614:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2402:Rhodocanakis, Demetrius (1870).
2334:Hassiotis, Ioannis (1982–1983).
576:, the last of the Angeli princes
263: 1185–1195, 1203–1204
2276:
1689:
367:
319:(1420–1474), who served as the
275:
260:
209:
2422:. Boletín Oficial del Estado.
2371:, Seria III, Tom XIII: 149–158
2325:Ciggaar, Krijna Nelly (1996).
2295:, Volume 4: Arconati–Bacaredda
1676:
1647:
656:
331:, in 1456–1466 and 1472–1474.
1:
2464:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
2456:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
2437:Stavrides, Théoharis (2001).
1702:
501:
488:
72:
2984:Joannes Andreas II
265:), and thus a branch of the
215:accepted as true throughout
7:
2948:Joannes Andreas I
1628:
237:
10:
3030:
2408:. Longmans, Green, and Co.
2385:Cambridge University Press
1653:The family name was often
467:Angeli princes (1551–1703)
315:), a Serbian magnate, and
250:(here designated Isaac IV)
2907:
2805:
2775:
2685:
2655:
2620:
2535:
2487:Torelli, Tommaso (1751).
2459:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
1534:
1532:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1311:
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1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
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1191:
1189:
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1179:
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1167:
1165:
1163:
1045:
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923:
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907:
826:
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814:
812:
806:
804:
802:
796:
794:
792:
784:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
754:
752:
750:
716:
714:
712:
704:
700:
698:
696:
590:Giovanni Andrea II Angeli
574:Giovanni Andrea II Angeli
224:Giovanni Andrea II Angeli
148:
138:
99:
91:
79:
68:
54:
43:
31:
18:
2270:, pp. 410–411, 417.
1659:Angelus Flavius Comnenus
1640:
282:Giovanni Andrea I Angeli
22:Angelus Flavius Comnenus
2529:Albanian noble families
1083:Michele Leone Salvatore
638:Theodore II Palaiologos
596:and Holy Roman Emperor
3014:Italian noble families
2921:Joannes Demetrius
2288:"ARIANITI, Costantino"
577:
421:
388:
357:In 1545, the brothers
317:Mahmud Pasha Angelović
251:
171:
2900:Angelo Flavio Comneno
572:
419:
397:Constantine the Great
383:
271:Constantine the Great
245:
160:Angelo Flavio Comneno
19:Angelo Flavio Comneno
2797:Muhammad Ali dynasty
2297:(in Italian). Rome:
2210:, pp. 411, 417.
2113:, pp. 410, 417.
856:∞ Franceschina Magna
430:Constantine Arianiti
192:, Duke and Count of
2925:(c. 1551–1571)
2624:Despotate of Epirus
2345:(XIII–XIV): 85–96.
2134:, pp. 788–789.
1982:Hassiotis 1982–1983
1828:, pp. 641–649.
1804:, pp. 414–416.
681:∞ Dorothea Arianiti
634:Gian Antonio Lazier
290:Alexios III Angelos
2975:Hieronymus II
2957:Angelus Maria
2809:Renaissance period
1684:Alexios IV Angelos
1667:Angeli di Drivasto
1444:Giovanni Andrea II
1135:Married five times
1088:∞ Lucietta Michiel
1077:∞ Lucrezia Beolchi
578:
556:Giovanni Andrea II
426:Arianitto Arianiti
424:Upon the death of
422:
389:
252:
124:Duke and Count of
2996:
2995:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2930:Hieronymus I
2926:
2917:
2865:
2864:
2448:978-90-04-12106-5
2414:Sainty, Guy Stair
2394:978-0-511-58369-8
2096:Rhodocanakis 1870
2008:, pp. 41–42.
1984:, pp. 90–91.
1626:
1625:
1624:
1452:
1430:
1408:
1350:Giovanni Andrea I
1136:
1089:
1078:
883:
857:
849:Giovanni Demetrio
738:
682:
582:Francesco Farnese
565:End of the family
520:Giovanni Andrea I
483:Giovanni Demetrio
446:Giovanni Andrea I
438:Giovanni Demetrio
306:Michael Angelović
228:Francesco Farnese
156:
155:
143:Roman Catholicism
87:
3021:
2987:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2915:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2689:Venetian Albania
2539:Medieval Albania
2522:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2483:
2469:
2452:
2433:
2409:
2398:
2377:Nicol, Donald M.
2372:
2354:
2340:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2308:978-8-81200032-6
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2160:
2154:
2135:
2129:
2114:
2108:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1885:
1879:
1870:
1864:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1768:
1762:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1651:
1451:∞ N. Mandricardi
1450:
1428:
1406:
1134:
1087:
1076:
881:
855:
736:
680:
665:
664:
663:
651:Radu Cantacuzino
612:. Alongside the
503:
490:
411:Nemanjić dynasty
371:
370: 1534–1549
369:
314:
311:
279:
277:
264:
262:
256:Isaac II Angelos
248:Isaac II Angelos
213:
211:
205:Isaac II Angelos
182:Byzantine Empire
86:(earliest known)
85:
74:
36:
16:
15:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3009:Angelid dynasty
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2903:
2898:Princes of the
2896:
2866:
2861:
2807:
2801:
2777:
2771:
2687:
2681:
2659:Ottoman Albania
2657:
2651:
2622:
2616:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2467:
2449:
2430:
2395:
2338:
2318:The Genealogist
2309:
2284:Babinger, Franz
2279:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2163:
2155:
2138:
2130:
2117:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1771:
1763:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1631:
1618:
1449:
1447:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1405:
1403:Maria Altadonna
1389:
1378:
1367:
1360:
1359:Giacomo Antonio
1353:
1133:
1131:
1103:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1073:
880:
878:
867:
854:
852:
841:
834:
735:
734:1441/43–1511/12
733:
726:
679:
677:
659:
567:
469:
378:
366:
340:Arianiti family
312:
274:
259:
240:
208:
180:dynasty of the
84:
83:Andres Engjëlli
61:
39:
27:
24:
23:
20:
12:
11:
5:
3027:
3017:
3016:
3011:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2945:
2936:
2934:(c. 1570–1591)
2927:
2918:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2806:(1831–present)
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2779:Other nobility
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2484:
2453:
2447:
2434:
2429:978-8434025066
2428:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2373:
2355:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2258:, p. 120.
2248:
2246:, p. 154.
2236:
2234:, p. 142.
2224:
2222:, p. 129.
2212:
2200:
2188:
2186:, p. 411.
2161:
2159:, p. 410.
2136:
2115:
2100:
2088:
2084:Bierbrier 1988
2073:
2061:
2049:
2034:
2022:
2020:, p. 121.
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1921:, p. 417.
1886:
1871:
1854:
1842:
1838:Stavrides 2001
1830:
1818:
1816:, p. 240.
1806:
1794:
1769:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1726:, p. 119.
1706:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1688:
1675:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1429:∞ name unknown
1418:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1368:d. before 1623
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
887:
885:
884:
871:
869:
860:
858:
845:
843:
838:
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
786:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
742:
740:
739:
730:
728:
720:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
706:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
688:
686:
685:
683:
678:d. before 1451
674:
672:
670:
668:
658:
655:
566:
563:
562:
561:
552:
543:
534:
525:
516:
507:
506:
505:
492:
468:
465:
377:
374:
325:Ottoman Empire
313: 1451–73
286:Irene Angelina
278: 306–337
239:
236:
217:Western Europe
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
134:
133:
122:
115:
108:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
81:
77:
76:
70:
66:
65:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
25:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3026:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2383:. Cambridge:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2198:, p. 12.
2197:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2098:, p. 20.
2097:
2092:
2086:, p. 74.
2085:
2080:
2078:
2071:, p. 73.
2070:
2065:
2059:, p. 59.
2058:
2053:
2046:
2045:Babinger 1962
2041:
2039:
2032:, p. 70.
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1996:, p. 67.
1995:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1972:, p. 58.
1971:
1966:
1964:
1957:, p. 55.
1956:
1951:
1945:, p. 54.
1944:
1939:
1933:, p. 53.
1932:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1884:, p. 41.
1883:
1878:
1876:
1869:, p. 50.
1868:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1852:, p. 51.
1851:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1792:, p. 42.
1791:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1767:, p. 52.
1766:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1750:, p. 43.
1749:
1744:
1738:, p. 49.
1737:
1732:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1692:
1685:
1679:
1673:") were used.
1672:
1669:("Angelos of
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1541:
1539:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1407:Married twice
1404:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1361:d. after 1610
1352:
1351:
1338:
1335:
1327:
1325:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1233:
1221:
1181:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1072:
1071:
1050:
1047:
1039:
1037:
1021:
1019:
1003:
1001:
985:
983:
982:
977:
929:
927:
919:
917:
888:
886:
882:∞ Ursula Bini
877:
876:
866:
865:
864:Andrea Angeli
851:
850:
831:
828:
820:
818:
810:
808:
800:
798:
790:
788:
787:
782:
758:
756:
748:
746:
743:
741:
725:
721:
718:
710:
708:
707:
702:
694:
692:
689:
687:
666:
662:
654:
652:
648:
643:
639:
635:
630:
627:
623:
618:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Duke of Parma
583:
575:
571:
559:
557:
553:
550:
548:
544:
541:
539:
535:
532:
530:
526:
523:
521:
517:
514:
512:
508:
499:
497:
493:
486:
484:
480:
479:
477:
475:
471:
470:
464:
462:
458:
455:), "Flavio" (
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
433:
431:
427:
418:
414:
412:
407:
402:
398:
394:
387:
384:Cross of the
382:
373:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
332:
330:
327:under Sultan
326:
322:
318:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
272:
268:
257:
249:
244:
235:
233:
232:Duke of Parma
229:
225:
220:
218:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
161:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
107:
104:
103:
102:
98:
94:
90:
82:
78:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
46:
42:
35:
30:
17:
2899:
2489:
2463:
2458:
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2404:
2380:
2368:
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2342:
2326:
2317:
2291:
2277:Bibliography
2263:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2132:Torelli 1751
2091:
2064:
2052:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1845:
1833:
1821:
1814:Ciggaar 1996
1809:
1797:
1743:
1731:
1691:
1678:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1615:
1442:
1420:
1413:
1402:
1395:
1384:
1375:Angelo Maria
1373:
1348:
1141:
1068:
873:
862:
847:
835:k. in battle
737:∞ Lucia Span
727:1427–1468/69
660:
646:
631:
619:
594:Innocent XII
579:
555:
546:
537:
529:Angelo Maria
528:
519:
510:
495:
482:
473:
460:
456:
452:
450:
434:
423:
390:
356:
344:Pal Engjëlli
337:
333:
321:grand vizier
253:
221:
202:
172:
163:
159:
157:
95:Laura Angeli
44:Parent house
2988:(1687–1703)
2979:(1679–1687)
2970:(1678–1679)
2961:(1634–1678)
2952:(1592–1634)
2943:(1580–1592)
2916:(1551–1580)
2776:(1583–1953)
2686:(1479–1844)
2656:(1385–1831)
2621:(1205–1479)
2536:(1090–1443)
2268:Sainty 2018
2232:Sainty 2018
2220:Sainty 2018
2208:Sainty 2018
2196:Sainty 2018
2184:Sainty 2018
2157:Sainty 2018
2111:Sainty 2018
2069:Sainty 2018
2057:Sainty 2018
2030:Sainty 2018
2006:Sainty 2018
1994:Sainty 2018
1970:Sainty 2018
1955:Sainty 2018
1943:Sainty 2018
1931:Sainty 2018
1919:Sainty 2018
1882:Sainty 2018
1867:Sainty 2018
1850:Sainty 2018
1826:Varzos 1984
1802:Sainty 2018
1790:Sainty 2018
1765:Sainty 2018
1748:Sainty 2018
1736:Sainty 2018
1422:Girolamo II
657:Family tree
642:Palaiologos
610:Peloponnese
547:Girolamo II
352:Peter Spani
294:John Doukas
149:Dissolution
3003:Categories
2256:Nicol 1992
2244:Iorga 1933
2018:Nicol 1992
1724:Nicol 1992
1703:References
875:Girolamo I
606:papal bull
496:Girolamo I
348:Skanderbeg
139:Traditions
117:Prince of
110:Prince of
92:Final head
2747:Pamalioti
2582:Mataranga
2577:Kastrioti
2562:Dukagjini
2557:Blinishti
2480:834784634
2441:. Brill.
2359:Iorga, N.
2351:0350-7653
2343:Balcanica
1655:latinized
1448:1634–1703
1426:1629–1687
1390:1608–1679
1379:1600–1678
1354:1569–1634
1132:1578–1644
1085:1557–1623
1074:1526–1592
879:1505–1591
853:1499–1571
598:Leopold I
401:Heraclius
329:Mehmed II
190:Macedonia
132:(titular)
121:(titular)
114:(titular)
112:Macedonia
50:(claimed)
2827:Frashëri
2677:Taushani
2637:Dushmani
2612:Zenevisi
2547:Arianiti
2416:(2018).
2379:(1992).
2367:]",
2329:. Brill.
2320:: 74–77.
2286:(1962).
1629:See also
1437:d. young
1366:Girolamo
626:Piacenza
461:Comnenus
440:'s son,
406:statutes
363:Paul III
302:Thessaly
267:namesake
238:Ancestry
194:Drivasto
173:Engjëlli
168:Albanian
126:Drivasto
119:Thessaly
26:Engjëlli
2912:Andreas
2852:Xhuvani
2837:Toptani
2832:Qiriazi
2792:Köprülü
2722:Durazzo
2672:Bushati
2667:Alltuni
2607:Zaharia
2592:Progoni
1619:d. 1756
1104:d. 1591
868:d. 1580
842:d. 1586
640:of the
629:claim.
602:Bourbon
457:Flavius
453:Angelus
323:of the
212:
198:Durazzo
178:Angelos
130:Durazzo
80:Founder
69:Founded
59:Albania
55:Country
48:Angelos
2986:
2977:
2968:
2966:Marcus
2959:
2950:
2941:
2939:Petrus
2932:
2923:
2914:
2902:family
2847:Vrioni
2817:Biçaku
2767:Zaguri
2752:Renesi
2742:Moneta
2717:Crutta
2702:Angeli
2697:Albani
2602:Thopia
2597:Skuraj
2587:Muzaka
2572:Jonima
2552:Balsha
2478:
2466:]
2445:
2426:
2391:
2349:
2305:
1671:Drisht
1663:Angeli
1435:Pietro
1396:Ursula
1142:Ursula
1130:Andrea
1117:Pietro
1070:Pietro
833:Alexis
732:Pietro
676:Andrea
584:, the
558:Angeli
549:Angeli
540:Angeli
531:Angeli
522:Angeli
513:Angeli
511:Pietro
498:Angeli
485:Angeli
476:Angeli
474:Andrea
442:Pietro
359:Andrea
298:Epirus
230:, the
164:Angeli
100:Titles
2842:Vlora
2787:Ghika
2762:Spani
2757:Sorgo
2737:Meksi
2732:Humoj
2727:Ghini
2712:Bruti
2707:Bruni
2647:Spata
2642:Losha
2567:Gropa
2468:(PDF)
2462:[
2339:(PDF)
1641:Notes
1616:Laura
1414:Laura
1386:Marco
1102:Leone
840:Paolo
724:Paolo
588:, by
538:Marco
63:Italy
2857:Zogu
2822:Dino
2476:OCLC
2443:ISBN
2424:ISBN
2389:ISBN
2347:ISSN
2303:ISBN
300:and
196:and
158:The
152:1756
128:and
75:1480
2632:Bua
2364:sic
1665:or
1657:as
622:nun
310:fl.
280:).
162:or
3005::
2474:.
2387:.
2341:.
2301:.
2290:.
2164:^
2139:^
2118:^
2103:^
2076:^
2037:^
1962:^
1889:^
1874:^
1857:^
1772:^
1755:^
1710:^
502:c.
489:c.
368:r.
276:r.
261:r.
219:.
210:r.
170::
73:c.
2891:e
2884:t
2877:v
2521:e
2514:t
2507:v
2482:.
2451:.
2432:.
2397:.
2353:.
2311:.
2047:.
1840:.
645:"
500:(
487:(
365:(
308:(
273:(
258:(
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166:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
