Anarchism in France

2343:, which was based on a division between the 'disciples of the great people's Architect' and 'the people, or vulgar herd,' and was equally opposed to all the variants of social republicanism, to the dictatorship of one man and to 'the dictatorship of the little prodigies of the proletariat.' With regard to the last of these, he wrote that: 'a dictatorial committee composed of workers is certainly the most conceited and incompetent, and hence the most anti-revolutionary, thing that can be found...(It is better to have doubtful enemies in power than dubious friends)'. He saw 'anarchic initiative,' 'reasoned will' and 'the autonomy of each' as the conditions for the social revolution of the proletariat, the first expression of which had been the barricades of June 1848. In Déjacque's view, a government resulting from an insurrection remains a reactionary fetter on the free initiative of the proletariat. Or rather, such free initiative can only arise and develop by the masses ridding themselves of the 'authoritarian prejudices' by means of which the state reproduces itself in its primary function of representation and delegation. Déjacque wrote that: 'By government I understand all delegation, all power outside the people,' for which must be substituted, in a process whereby politics is transcended, the 'people in direct possession of their sovereignty,' or the 'organised commune.' For Déjacque, the communist anarchist utopia would fulfil the function of inciting each proletarian to explore his or her own human potentialities, in addition to correcting the ignorance of the proletarians concerning 'social science.'" 2336:, centred on the reward of labour power and the problem of exchange value. In his polemic with Proudhon on women's emancipation, Déjacque urged Proudhon to push on 'as far as the abolition of the contract, the abolition not only of the sword and of capital, but of property and authority in all their forms,' and refuted the commercial and wages logic of the demand for a 'fair reward' for 'labour' (labour power). Déjacque asked: 'Am I thus... right to want, as with the system of contracts, to measure out to each — according to their accidental capacity to produce — what they are entitled to?' The answer given by Déjacque to this question is unambiguous: 'it is not the product of his or her labour that the worker has a right to, but to the satisfaction of his or her needs, whatever may be their nature.'"...For Déjacque, on the other hand, the communal state of affairs — the phalanstery 'without any hierarchy, without any authority' except that of the 'statistics book' — corresponded to 'natural exchange,' i.e. to the 'unlimited freedom of all production and consumption; the abolition of any sign of agricultural, individual, artistic or scientific property; the destruction of any individual holding of the products of work; the demonarchisation and the demonetarisation of manual and intellectual capital as well as capital in instruments, commerce and buildings. 2618: 5183:"Si la critique de la déviation autoritaire de la FA est le principal fait de ralliement, on peut ressentir dès le premier numéro un état d'esprit qui va longtemps coller à la peau des anarchistes français. Cet état d'esprit se caractérise ainsi sous une double forme : d'une part un rejet inconditionnel de l'ennemi marxiste, d'autre part des questions sur le rôle des anciens et de l'évolution idéologique de l'anarchisme. C'est Fernand Robert qui attaque le premier : "Le LIB est devenu un journal marxiste. En continuant à le soutenir, tout en reconnaissant qu'il ne nous plaît pas, vous faîtes une mauvaise action contre votre idéal anarchiste. Vous donnez la main à vos ennemis dans la pensée. Même si la FA disparaît, même si le LIB disparaît, l'anarchie y gagnera. Le marxisme ne représente plus rien. Il faut le mettre bas ; je pense la même chose des dirigeants actuels de la FA. L'ennemi se glisse partout." Cédric Guérin. 5069:"Parallel to the social, collectivist anarchist current there was an individualist one whose partisans emphasized their individual freedom and advised other individuals to do the same. Individualist anarchist activity spanned the full spectrum of alternatives to authoritarian society, subverting it by undermining its way of life facet by facet."Thus theft, counterfeiting, swindling and robbery became a way of life for hundreds of individualists, as it was already for countless thousands of proletarians. The wave of anarchist bombings and assassinations of the 1890s (Auguste Vaillant, Ravachol, Emile Henry, Sante Caserio) and the practice of illegalism from the mid-1880s to the start of the First World War (Clément Duval, Pini, Marius Jacob, the Bonnot gang) were twin aspects of the same proletarian offensive, but were expressed in an individualist practice, one that complemented the great collective struggles against capital." 3817: 47: 2242: 3140: 2799: 4820:"1. Soit par provocation, soit par apologie incité une ou plusieurs personnes à commettre soit un vol, soit les crimes de meurtre, de pillage, d'incendie ; 2. Ou adressé une provocation à des militaires des armées de terre et de mer, dans le but de les détourner de leurs devoirs militaires et de l'obéissance qu'ils doivent à leurs chefs serait déféré aux tribunaux de police correctionnelle et puni d'un emprisonnement de trois mois à deux ans." 1900: 6571: 2472:"implementation of the binding mandate" in 1848...and for federation of communes). Thus both economically and politically the Paris Commune was heavily influenced by anarchist ideas.". George Woodcock manifests that "a notable contribution to the activities of the Commune and particularly to the organization of public services was made by members of various anarchist factions, including the mutualists Courbet, Longuet, and Vermorel, the 1890: 2287: 2264:

illegitimate. Thus, he saw private property as both essential to liberty and a road to tyranny, the former when it resulted from labor and was required for labor and the latter when it resulted in exploitation (profit, interest, rent, tax). He generally called the former "possession" and the latter "property." For large-scale industry, he supported workers associations to replace wage labour and opposed the ownership of land.

6583: 2590:"1. Either by provocation or by apology... encouraged one or several persons in committing either a stealing, or the crimes of murder, looting or arson...; 2. Or has addressed a provocation to military from the Army or the Navy, in the aim of diverting them from their military duties and the obedience due to their chiefs... will be deferred before courts and punished by a prison sentence of three months to two years. 3067: 2439: 1978: 19: 2426:

they had split away from the Fédération Romande - was used to avoid inviting Bakunin's Swiss supporters. Thus only a tiny minority of anarchists was present, and the General Council's resolutions passed almost unanimously. Most of them were clearly directed against Bakunin and his followers." In 1872, the conflict climaxed with a final split between the two groups at the

5115:"Pre-World War I France was the setting for the only documented anarchist revolutionary movement to embrace all illegal activity as revolutionary practice. Pick-pocketing, theft from the workplace, robbery, confidence scams, desertion from the armed forces, you name it, illegalist activity was praised as a justifiable and necessary aspect of class struggle." 2812:, an Anti-Parliamentary Committee was set up and, instead of dissolving itself afterwards, became permanent under the name of Alliance communiste anarchiste (Communist Anarchist Alliance). The new organisation excluded any permanent members. Although this new group also faced opposition from certain anarchists (including 3719:

didn't like the new ideological orientation that the OPB was giving the FCL seeing it was authoritarian and almost marxist. The FCL lasted until 1956 just after it participated in state legislative elections with 10 candidates. This move alienated some members of the FCL and thus produced the end of the organization.

3795:, the March 1968 decentralized student protest in Nanterre, came from small anarchist groups. The anarchists rejected the Anarchist Federation, which they described as dogmatic, and instead mixed with other revolutionaries, such as Trotskyites and other militants. Anarchism was in a lull at the time of the radical 2467:(the latter murdered in the repression afterwards). As for the reforms initiated by the Commune, such as the re-opening of workplaces as co-operatives, anarchists can see their ideas of associated labour beginning to be realised...Moreover, the Commune's ideas on federation obviously reflected the influence of 3739:

became from that moment onwards an identity element of the new Federation Anarchiste" and this was motivated in a big part after the previous conflict with George Fontenis and his OPB. Also it was decided to establish within the organization a Committee of Relations composed of a General Secretary, a

3722:

A group of militants who didn't agree with the FA turning into FCL reorganized a new Federation Anarchiste which was established in December 1953. This included those who formed L'Entente anarchiste who joined the new FA and then dissolved L'Entente. The new base principles of the FA were written by

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in the 16th century. However, it would progressively be eroded, and the French immigrants were met with hostility. Several hate campaigns would be issued in the British press in the 1890s against these French exiles, relayed by riots and a "restrictionist" party which advocated the end of liberality

3150:

Illegalism is an anarchist philosophy that developed primarily in France, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland during the early 1900s as an outgrowth of Stirner's individualist anarchism. Illegalists usually did not seek moral basis for their actions, recognizing only the reality of "might" rather than

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was a government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 (more formally, from March 28) to May 28, 1871. The Commune was the result of an uprising in Paris after France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War. Anarchists participated actively in the establishment of the Paris Commune. They included

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reports that "The annual Congress of the International had not taken place in 1870 owing to the outbreak of the Paris Commune, and in 1871 the General Council called only a special conference in London. One delegate was able to attend from Spain and none from Italy, while a technical excuse - that

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Several groups quit the FCL in December 1955, disagreeing with the decision to present "revolutionary candidates" to the legislative elections. On August 15–20, 1954, the Ve intercontinental plenum of the CNT took place. A group called Entente anarchiste appeared which was formed of militants who

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in 1949, which gathered structured organizations as well as autonomous groups and individuals (from Germany, USA, Bolivia, Cuba, Argentina, Peru and elsewhere). Some communist anarchists organized themselves early in 1950 in a fraction, named Organisation pensée bataille (OPB) which had as aim to

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In December 1871, she was brought before the 6th council of war, charged with offences including trying to overthrow the government, encouraging citizens to arm themselves, and herself using weapons and wearing a military uniform. Defiantly, she vowed to never renounce the Commune, and dared the

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into the Federation Communiste Libertaire. He was one of the few intellectuals who continued to offer his support to the FCL during the Algerian war when the FCL suffered severe repression and was forced underground. He sheltered Fontenis whilst he was in hiding. He refused to take sides on the

2204:

demanded "the communal enjoyment of the fruits of the earth" and looked forward to the disappearance of "the revolting distinction of rich and poor, of great and small, of masters and valets, of governors and governed." The Conspiracy's attempt to overthrow the Directory failed and its leader

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on French radical ideas. Indeed, the Commune's vision of a communal France based on a federation of delegates bound by imperative mandates issued by their electors and subject to recall at any moment echoes Bakunin's and Proudhon's ideas (Proudhon, like Bakunin, had argued in favour of the

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that led to it) which he believed hampers competition and keeps wealth in the hands of the few. Proudhon favoured a right of individuals to retain the product of their labor as their own property, but believed that any property beyond that which an individual produced and could possess was

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revolutionary organization, the "International Revolutionary Brotherhood" ("Fraternité internationale révolutionnaire") or the Alliance ("l'Alliance"). He renewed this in 1868, creating the "International Brothers" ("Frères internationaux") or "Alliance for Democratic Socialism".

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In 1950 a clandestine group formed within the FA called Organisation Pensée Bataille (OPB) led by George Fontenis. The OPB pushed for a move which saw the FA change its name into the Fédération communiste libertaire (FCL) after the 1953 Congress in Paris, while an article in

2979: 3584:) and some members of the former Union anarchiste, which supported the CNT-FAI support to the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War, as well as some young Resistants. A youth organization of the FA (the Jeunesses libertaires) was also created. Apart from some 3831:(FA), Mouvement communiste libertaire, Union fédérale des anarchistes, Alliance ouvrière anarchiste, Union des groupes anarchistes communistes, Noir et Rouge, Confédération nationale du travail, Union anarcho-syndicaliste, Organisation révolutionnaire anarchiste (ORA), 2506:

judges to sentence her to death. Reportedly, Michel told the court, "Since it seems that every heart that beats for freedom has no right to anything but a little slug of lead, I demand my share. If you let me live, I shall never cease to cry for vengeance."

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The GAAP (Groupes anarchistes d'action prolétarienne) were created on February 24–25, 1951, in Italy by former members of the FAI excluded at the congress of Ancône. The same year, the FA decides, on a proposition from the Louise Michel group animated by

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splits in the French anarchist movement and both he and Peret expressed solidarity as well with the new Fédération Anarchiste set up by the synthesist anarchists and worked in the Antifascist Committees of the 60s alongside the Fédération Anarchiste."

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in Paris. All of the left-wing feared a fascist coup d'état, and the anarchists were at the spearhead of the anti-fascist movement. The AFA dissolved itself the same year, and joined the new group, promptly renamed Union anarchiste. However, a

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contents started to have an influence in individualist anarchist circles and from there it expanded to the rest of anarchism also appearing in Spanish individualist anarchist groups. "Along with feverish activity against the social order,

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The United Kingdom quickly became the last haven for political refugees, in particular anarchists, who were all conflated with the few who had engaged in bombings. Already, the First International had been founded in London in 1871, where

3125:" with the sole justification of sexual practices, that will try to put in practice, not without difficulties, will establish a way of thought and action, and will result in sympathy within some, and a strong rejection within others." 2828: 2434:

were expelled from the International and its headquarters were transferred to New York. In response, the federalist sections formed their own International at the St. Imier Congress, adopting a revolutionary anarchist program.

3368:(AFA) which diffused the Trait d'union libertaire then La Voix Libertaire. Some Synthesists later rejoined the UAC (in 1930), which took the initiative of a Congress in 1934 to unite the anarchist movement on the basis of 5197: 2632:

had taken refuge nearly twenty years before. In the 1890s, the UK became a nest for anarchist colonies expelled from the continent, in particular between 1892 and 1895, which marked the height of the repression, with the

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and the defeat at the hand of the Bolsheviks. The document was initially rejected by most anarchists, but today has a wide following. It remains controversial to this day, some (including, at the time of publication,

2919:, argued that "Simple-minded young comrades were often led away by the illegalists' apparent anarchist logic; outsiders simply felt disgusted with anarchist ideas and definitely stopped their ears to any propaganda." 2738:, the anarchist movement in France was divided into those who rejected the sole idea of organisation, and were therefore opposed to the very idea of an international organisation, and those who put all their hopes in 2283:, with the latter asserting directly to Proudhon in a letter that "it is not the product of his or her labor that the worker has a right to, but to the satisfaction of his or her needs, whatever may be their nature." 3445: 3664:, to substitute individual vote to the group vote. The adopted positions gain federalist status, but are not imposed to individuals. Individualists opposed to this motion failed to block it. "Haute fréquence", a 2098:, who desired to overthrow the Convention and establish direct democracy throughout France. However, this attempted "revolution of anarchy" was defeated by the Girondins, partly due to a lack of support from the 3563:

as to maintain relations; its first issue was published in December 1944. After the Liberation, the newspaper again became a bi-weekly, and on October 6–7, 1945, the Assises du mouvement libertaire were held.

3365: 2035:

attempted to pass a law concerning the governance of the communes, the districts instantly rejected it as it had been constituted without their sanction, causing the scheme to be abandoned by its proponents.

2309:, he argued that, "it is not the product of his or her labor that the worker has a right to, but to the satisfaction of his or her needs, whatever may be their nature." According to the anarchist historian 3672:

on July 6, 1951. Some surrealists started working with the FA. Furthermore, the Mouvement indépendant des auberges de jeunesse (MIAJ, Independent Movement of Youth Hostels) was created at the end of 1951.

2529:. From the late 1880s to 1895, a series of attacks by self-declared anarchists brought anarchism into the public eye and generated a wave of anxieties. The most infamous of these deeds were the bombs of 3114:, publisher of "Flambeau" ("an enemy of authority") in 1901 in Vienna. Most of his energies were devoted to creating anarchist colonies (communautés expérimentales) in which he participated in several. 3751:

Regrouping behind Robert and Beaulaton, some activists of the former Entente anarchiste quit the FA and created on November 25, 1956, in Bruxelles the AOA (Alliance ouvrière anarchiste), which edited

3614: 2161:

of the state machinery, converting elected positions into ones appointed by the state and transferring power from the hands of the sectional assemblies into those of the government. The power of the

912: 902: 4939:

1905–14), there were groups and individuals who lived largely by crime. Among them were some of the most original as well as some of the most tragic figures in anarchist history." Woodcock, George.

2823:

The Communist Federation was founded in June 1911 with 400 members, all from the Parisian region. It quickly took the name of Fédération anarcho-communiste (Anarcho-Communist Federation), choosing

2614:("villainous laws") has since entered popular language to design any harsh or injust laws, in particular anti-terrorism legislation which often broadly represses the whole of the social movements. 3311:, as Makhno's position came to be known, advocated ideological unity, tactical unity, collective action and discipline, and federalism. Five hundred people attended Makhno's 1934 funeral at the 3378: 2817: 2913:, the FCA condemned individualism as bourgeois and more in keeping with capitalism than communism. An article believed to have been written by Peter Kropotkin, in the British anarchist paper 3698: 3476: – the anarchist groups lacked any clandestine infrastructure in 1940. Hence, as all other parties apart from the PCF, they quickly became completely disorganized during and after the 2313:, the first use of the term libertarian communism was in November 1880, when a French anarchist congress employed it to more clearly identify its doctrines. The French anarchist journalist 3702: 2271:

on credit and land are the forces that prohibit such. He advocated an economic system that included private property as possession and exchange market but without profit, which he called

3373: 3117:"In this sense, the theoretical positions and the vital experiences of french individualism are deeply iconoclastic and scandalous, even within libertarian circles. The call of nudist 3093:" and not as militant sacrifice and death instinct, seeking to reconcile the requirements of the individual (in his need for autonomy) with the need to destroy authoritarian society." 3318:

In June 1926, "The Organisational Platform Project for a General Union of Anarchists", best known under the name "Archinov's Platform", was launched. Volin responded by publishing a

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in February 1895. A few hundred persons related to the anarchist movement would however remain in the UK between 1880 and 1914. The right of asylum was a British tradition since the

2617: 5601: 5184: 5172: 6523: 5499: 5203: 3632:

The Confédération nationale du travail (CNT, or National Confederation of Labour) was founded in 1946 by Spanish anarcho-syndicalists in exile with former members of the CGT-SR.

6538: 6490: 6387: 3327: 4935:"On the fringe of the movement, and particularly in the individualist faction which became relatively strong after 1900 and began to publish its own sectarian paper, −315- 3236:

became more reformist, and anarchists progressively drifted out. Formerly dominated by the anarcho-syndicalists, the CGT split into a non-communist section and a communist

6495: 6347: 3827:

Anarchism influenced but did not capitalize on the 1968 student committees and workplace occupations. Anarchist groups active during the May 1968 events in France include

2079:

that advocated for the transformation of France into a directly democratic "Commune of Communes", a call later taken up by the 19th century French anarchist movement. The

6500: 4973: 6417: 6377: 6357: 6337: 4840:, continuing work on "French Anarchists in England, 1880–1905", including a large French & English bibliography, with archives and contemporary newspapers. 3706: 6528: 6352: 5485: 6548: 6533: 6480: 6432: 6427: 4703: 6518: 3000:, was author and editor of 'Anarchie, Journal de l'Ordre and Au fait ! Au fait ! Interprétation de l'idée démocratique' and wrote the important early 6367: 3151:"right"; for the most part, illegal acts were done simply to satisfy personal desires, not for some greater ideal, although some committed crimes as a form of 6543: 6485: 4498: 6362: 3238: 2137:

underwent a campaign of repression by the Committee, although the government also attempted to make some economic concessions in order to not alienate the

3770:. In 1952 Breton wrote "It was in the black mirror of anarchism that surrealism first recognised itself." "Breton was consistent in his support for the 2414:, he argued for a revolutionary alliance between the working class and the peasantry and set forth his formulation of what was later to become known as 2090:

The conflict between the Paris Commune and the National Convention escalated into a "third revolution", as an insurrection was openly championed by the

3984: 3711: 3255: 4749: 3577: 3016:

was an individualist anarchist publication that ran from 1887 to 1888. It was edited by Jean-Baptiste Louiche, Charles Schæffer and Georges Deherme.

3448:(FAF) developed from a split in the UA, and denounce the collusion between the French anarchists with the Popular Front, as well as criticizing the 3350: 3609:), the French anarchists were thus united in the FA. Furthermore, a confederate structure was created to coordinate publications with Louvet and 3322:

project in his article "Le problème organisationnel et l'idée de synthèse" ("The Organisational Problem and the Idea of a Synthesis"). After the

2712: 5091: 5047: 4833: 5119: 3004:

in 1850. Catalan historian of individualist anarchism Xavier Diez reports that during his travels in the United States "he at least contacted

2909:

Relations between individualist and communist anarchists remained poor throughout the pre-war years. Following the 1913 trial of the infamous

5634: 2731: 927: 6166: 830: 3644: 2787:, which editorial board was to act as the informal bureau of an officially non-existent federation. Another federation was created in the 3958: 3233: 2783: 2692: 1929: 1024: 3468:

newspaper. However, to the contrary of the French Communist Party (PCF) which had organized a clandestine network before the war –

3436:(Solidarité internationale antifasciste), which helped volunteers illegally cross the border, while others went to Spain and joined the 2229:

began to replace republican ideals, setting up a new framework for French radicalism that began to reach an apex during the time of the

3460:, in which Volin collaborated. Before World War II, there are two organizations, the Union anarchiste (UA), which had as its newspaper 1825: 2766: 4767: 2157:

had all but disappeared from public view. The Committee subsequently began to move against sectional democracy and undertook a vast

1969:, "The number of people who subscribed to the anarchist movement's many publications was in the tens of thousands in France alone." 3647:(CRS) riot-police. Because of the CNT's inner divisions, some FA activists decided to participate to the creation of the reformist 2107: 2057:

spoke at length about the need for the extermination of the "anarchists", a group that did not form any political grouping in the

5327: 3622: 4977: 6608: 6199: 5596: 3968: 3922: 2032: 877: 3744:

and a Committee of Administration. In 1955 a Commission on Syndicalist Relations was established within the FA as proposed by

5643: 5471: 5406: 5365: 4801: 4658: 4630: 4125: 4034: 3580:

as its first secretary the next year. It was composed of a majority of activists from the former FA (which supported Volin's

2293:. Libertarian Communist publication edited by Joseph Déjacque. This copy is of the August 17, 1860, edition in New York City. 2083:

attacked the bourgeoisie and the representational composition of the National Convention, which they opposed in favor of the

1280: 959: 78: 4957: 4955:"La insumisión voluntaria. El anarquismo individualista español durante la dictadura y la Segunda República" by Xavier Díez 3449: 3346: 2973: 6325: 3433: 3295: 2757:

A few tentatives of organisation followed the Congress, but all were short-lived. In the industrial North, anarchists from

2586:(and, by extension, socialist libertarians present or former members of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA)): 2255:(1809–1865) was the first philosopher to label himself an "anarchist." Proudhon opposed government privilege that protects 1743: 1098: 5025: 4998: 2602:

was severely restricted. Some people were condemned to prison for rejoicing at the 1894 assassination of French president

6255: 6019: 5848: 3847:. The ORA grew within the FA and became independent in 1971. It formed over 100 groups in the early 1970s and split into 3651:, issued from a split within the communist dominated CGT. The FA participated to the International Anarchist Congress of 1413: 1353: 5056: 3809: 3453: 949: 4678: 3197:

Illegalism first rose to prominence among a generation of Europeans inspired by the unrest of the 1890s, during which

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or simple criminals who had fled France and other European countries. Many of them returned to France after President

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was usually also organizing feasts, dances and country excursions, in consequence of his vision of anarchism as the "

2989: 2383: 4722: 5480:

Shaya, Gregory. "How to Make an Anarchist-Terrorist: An Essay on the Political Imaginary in Fin de Siècle France",

5218:. Breton had returned to France in 1947 and in April of that year Andre Julien welcomed his return in the pages of 4146: 3408:' presence in the government. Thus, Blum blocked the Brigades from crossing the borders and sent ambulances to the 3405: 2809: 2582:

act, even if no killing was effectively carried on. The last one condemned any person or newspaper using anarchist

417: 3326:

Congress (July 12–14, 1926), the Anarchist Union (UA) transformed itself into the Communist Anarchist Union (UAC,

6462: 6275: 5988: 5863: 5199:

Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas, Volume Two: The Emergence of the New Anarchism (1939-1977)

2084: 1922: 1688: 1403: 3697:. The FCL published its 'workers' program' in 1954, which was heavily inspired by the CGT's revendications. The 6300: 6049: 4526: 4469: 4433: 4397: 4357: 4321: 4285: 4217: 2491: 2174: 2111: 1693: 4177: 6613: 4245: 3828: 3821: 3693:: each person has a right of veto on the orientations of the federation. The FCL published the same year the 2218: 2046: 1950: 1758: 1733: 1216: 1135: 46: 6603: 6382: 5928: 5782: 5620: 4093: 3978: 1738: 1603: 1563: 1188: 807: 437: 219: 4746: 4549: 2106:. Nevertheless, the continuing escalation of the conflict and increasing radicalization culminated in the 4012: 3551:; they spoke of the Fédération internationale syndicaliste révolutionnaire. On January 15, 1944, the new 3473: 2915: 2272: 1795: 1753: 1266: 815: 144: 3731:

which established an organization with a plurality of tendencies and autonomy of group organized around

1211: 6561: 6192: 6123: 5223: 4089: 4029: 3914: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3573: 3552: 3345:(Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire) with help from members of the Spanish 2115: 1966: 1915: 1865: 1728: 1453: 1169: 1058: 984: 3441: 3202: 2534: 743: 5679: 5095: 5044: 4830: 4565: 4557: 3229: 3194:) which justified robbery on the rich and personal direct action against exploiters and the system., 2997: 2742:, and thus "were occupied elsewhere". Only eight French anarchists assisted the Congress, among whom 2206: 2028: 1748: 1643: 1039: 1034: 835: 502: 477: 427: 362: 290: 245: 105: 3312: 6447: 6077: 6054: 6024: 5973: 5116: 4070: 3724: 2952: 2574:. The first one condemned apology of any felony or crime as a felony itself, permitting widespread 2490:. Initially she worked as an ambulance woman, treating those injured on the barricades. During the 2267:

Proudhon maintained that those who labor should retain the entirety of what they produce, and that

2185: 2004: 1658: 1618: 1568: 1433: 1164: 1113: 1029: 954: 943: 820: 598: 342: 3689:. The FCL regrouped between 130 and 160 activists. The new decision making process was founded on 633: 6240: 6153: 6009: 5727: 5710: 5705: 5242: 5227: 4577: 4573: 4111: 4050: 3932: 3898: 3585: 3409: 3393: 2839: 2603: 2557: 2542: 2406:, calling for a general uprising in response to the collapse of the French government during the 2103: 2061:, but nevertheless were active participants in the revolution and vocal opponents of the nascent 1780: 1418: 1388: 1333: 1328: 1206: 825: 137: 117: 3076:

French individualist circles had a strong sense of personal libertarianism and experimentation.

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of the press. The second one allowed to condemn any person directly or indirectly involved in a

2095: 678: 6143: 6093: 6072: 6039: 6029: 5787: 5747: 5720: 4787: 4002: 3740:

Secretary of Internal Relations, a Secretary of External Relations a Committee of Redaction of

3529: 3389: 3247: 3214: 3210: 3191: 3160: 3152: 2662: 2607: 2546: 2526: 2473: 2468: 2415: 2259:, banking and land interests, and the accumulation or acquisition of property (and any form of 2252: 2245: 2150: 2054: 1962: 1946: 1703: 1638: 1573: 1498: 1478: 1473: 1318: 1308: 1083: 845: 840: 728: 442: 432: 422: 367: 193: 171: 149: 4054:, an eclectic amalgamation of post-situationist and anarcho-communist ideas attributed to the 2781:

decided to call for a Congress in December 1907, and agreed upon the creation of a newspaper,

2015:, maintaining their independence from the State and organizing unity between communes through 6402: 6260: 6185: 6128: 6113: 5943: 5853: 5777: 5772: 5139:

La police de Vichy, Les forces de l'ordre françaises au service de la Gestapo 1940–1944

3505: 3290: 3254:

was edited, and the anarchists announced the imminent creation of an Anarchist Federation. A

3110: 2993: 2571: 2427: 2371: 2302: 2178: 1855: 1613: 1593: 1553: 1538: 1383: 1363: 1019: 994: 937: 887: 718: 512: 457: 322: 312: 307: 56: 3040: 2883: 6457: 6407: 6320: 6315: 6305: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6265: 6250: 6245: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6138: 6118: 6098: 5983: 5948: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5888: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5858: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5807: 5737: 5700: 5684: 5674: 5669: 5659: 5315: 4923: 4060: 3792: 3732: 3489: 3429: 3425: 2935: 2931: 2716: 2566: 2514: 2498:. On the establishment of the Commune, she joined the National Guard. She offered to shoot 2379: 2332:

Déjacque was a major critic of Proudhon. Déjacque thought that "the Proudhonist version of

1772: 1708: 1698: 1683: 1673: 1623: 1578: 1558: 1508: 1488: 1483: 1463: 1458: 1443: 1438: 1423: 1408: 1393: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1323: 1313: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1159: 859: 618: 588: 578: 260: 66: 61: 4607: 3715:, the news organ of the FA which would be published until 1977, came out in October 1954. 2743: 2666:

concerning freedom of movement, and hostility towards French and international activists.

8: 6452: 6442: 6422: 6412: 6397: 6392: 6372: 6342: 6310: 6270: 6103: 6044: 6034: 6004: 5978: 5968: 5958: 5953: 5938: 5933: 5923: 5918: 5893: 5802: 5797: 5757: 5651: 5524: 4764: 4389: 4277: 4209: 4065: 4039: 3972: 3948: 3918: 3863: 3745: 3581: 3331: 3005: 3001: 2770: 2704: 2634: 2575: 2407: 2347: 2333: 2280: 2058: 2023:

was implemented in the local districts of each commune, with citizens coming together in

1845: 1678: 1668: 1653: 1633: 1628: 1608: 1588: 1583: 1548: 1543: 1533: 1513: 1468: 1368: 1358: 1288: 1174: 1141: 1130: 969: 932: 907: 872: 758: 648: 530: 517: 270: 265: 176: 100: 5430: 4866: 3469: 3294:, which put forward ideas on how anarchists should organize based on the experiences of 2751: 2201: 1981: 6437: 6332: 6108: 5963: 5913: 5792: 5767: 5762: 5742: 5732: 5715: 5664: 5545: 4590: 3816: 3175: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2561: 2477: 2355: 2008: 1663: 1648: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1493: 1428: 1378: 1373: 1153: 1119: 1073: 999: 989: 892: 733: 658: 30: 5196:

Breton, André (2008-12-14). "The Black Mirror of Anarchism". In Graham, Robert (ed.).

3803:, who held similar positions, bristled at being publicly grouped with the anarchists. 3497: 2832: 2802: 2680: 2314: 2298: 2276: 603: 6133: 6014: 5752: 5537: 5467: 5402: 5398: 5361: 5142: 4797: 4730: 4654: 4626: 4532: 4522: 4475: 4465: 4439: 4429: 4403: 4393: 4363: 4353: 4327: 4317: 4291: 4281: 4251: 4223: 4213: 4183: 4155: 4151: 4121: 3874: 3509: 3401: 2863: 1988: 1958: 1875: 1805: 1598: 1503: 1398: 1147: 867: 688: 558: 492: 352: 235: 205: 154: 5604:

article on the history of French Anarchism in the period 1950–1970 (in French)

5442:

Dynamite Club: How a Bombing in Fin-de-Siècle Paris Ignited the Age of Modern Terror

3330:). The gap widened between proponents of Platformism and those who followed Volin's 3101: 6575: 5529: 5394: 5356:

Berry, Dave (2018). "Anarchism and 1968". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.).

3878: 3613:

newspaper, the anarcho-syndicalist minority of the reunited CGT (gathered into the

3477: 3421: 3417: 3304: 3206: 3167: 3122: 2930:

a few days before the beginning of World War I, and the subsequent rallying of the

2891: 2553: 2538: 2189: 2024: 2020: 1893: 1785: 1256: 1241: 1125: 1067: 1004: 979: 922: 897: 748: 693: 608: 507: 467: 377: 372: 250: 188: 181: 132: 127: 122: 110: 90: 5331: 3804: 3517: 3179: 3024: 2895: 2871: 2464: 5607: 5134: 5123: 5051: 5029: 4961: 4954: 4837: 4793: 4771: 4753: 4726: 4698: 4514: 4457: 4421: 4381: 4345: 4309: 4269: 4241: 4201: 4173: 4115: 4098: 3799:. It was minimally present in, and gained no momentum from, the events. Even the 3796: 3493: 3086: 3020: 2947: 2923: 2867: 2431: 2422: 2395: 2375: 2351: 2214: 2130: 2076: 2012: 1903: 1835: 1093: 1044: 917: 768: 668: 663: 643: 613: 568: 563: 553: 447: 327: 166: 159: 95: 4783: 3844: 3763: 3686: 3589: 3028: 2939: 2855: 2695:(CGT) trade-union was created in the same year, from the fusion of the various " 2642: 2621: 2502:, and suggested the destruction of Paris by way of vengeance for its surrender. 723: 543: 5215:

It was in the black mirror of anarchism that surrealism first recognised itself

5022: 5002: 4141: 3728: 3661: 3617:(FSF), they represented the 'Action syndicaliste' current inside the CGT), and 3437: 3385: 3274: 3243: 3105: 3059: 2957: 2850: 2747: 2711:

in 1906, a year after the unification of the other socialist tendencies in the

2684: 2646: 2599: 2499: 2170: 1992: 1850: 1840: 1236: 1231: 1221: 974: 623: 538: 472: 402: 357: 337: 332: 4255: 4187: 3870:. Today the FA is constituted of about one hundred groups around the country. 3337:

The Congress of the Fédération autonome du Bâtiment (November 13–14, 1926) in

3043:, who developed theory in the main individualist anarchist journal in France, 2927: 2762: 2720: 2691:, alias "The Red Virgin", published its first issue on November 16, 1895. The 2654: 2410:, seeking to transform an imperialist conflict into social revolution. In his 6597: 6587: 5589: 5541: 5422: 4717: 4591:

De l'être-humain mâle et femelle - Lettre à P.J. Proudhon par Joseph Déjacque

4536: 4479: 4443: 4407: 4367: 4331: 4295: 4227: 4159: 3928: 3800: 3513: 3270: 3156: 3090: 3045: 3009: 2844: 2792: 2688: 2675: 2638: 2510: 2487: 2483: 2460: 2455: 2442: 2403: 2230: 2041: 1251: 1196: 1014: 964: 882: 783: 738: 703: 683: 638: 593: 412: 407: 387: 5602:

Cédric Guerin. "Pensée et action des anarchistes en France : 1950-1970"

5173:

Cédric Guerin. "Pensée et action des anarchistes en France : 1950-1970"

3547:

On 19 July 1943, a clandestine meeting of anarchist activists took place in

2988:

From the legacy of Proudhon and Stirner there emerged a strong tradition of

2166: 1995:

characterized as the "open violent Rebellion, and Victory, of disimprisoned

4898: 4881: 4854: 4561: 3501: 3413: 3369: 3360:

At the Orléans Congress of October 31 and November 1, 1927, the UAC became

3183: 3032: 2899: 2875: 2824: 2735: 2724: 2146: 2099: 1800: 1790: 1261: 1226: 1078: 788: 713: 653: 628: 573: 382: 317: 3397: 2525:

Parts of the anarchist movement, based in Switzerland, started theorizing

2181:

began to rollback many of the revolutionary changes that had taken place.

4646: 4618: 4553: 4055: 4044: 4016: 4006: 3962: 3904: 3867: 3862:

In the seventies the FA evolved into a joining of the principles of both

3775: 3594: 3521: 3361: 3308: 3279: 3218: 3144: 3097: 3070: 3036: 2910: 2887: 2879: 2739: 2595: 2520: 2310: 2241: 2158: 2062: 1246: 1201: 793: 763: 753: 708: 583: 487: 397: 255: 5569: 3735:. According to historian Cédric Guérin, "the unconditional rejection of 3139: 2798: 1899: 5584: 5549: 4765:

Louise Michel, a French anarchist women who fought in the Paris commune

4569: 3996: 3908: 3759: 3705:(MLNA, North African Libertarian Movement), was founded to replace the 3682: 3665: 3640: 3541: 3533: 3508:, saw "the bad wind approaching." ("le mauvais vent s'approcher"). The 3456:'s participation to the Republican government in Spain. The FAF edited 3349:(CNT), which prompted the CGT's revolutionary syndicalists to join it. 3134: 2943: 2906:, a controversial anarchist ideology that openly embraced criminality. 2903: 2813: 2583: 2363: 2256: 2210: 2016: 1830: 1815: 1810: 1103: 778: 482: 452: 347: 240: 6177: 5612: 4176:(1927) . "Chapter XXIV. The "Districts" and the "Sections" of Paris". 3323: 3213:

committed daring crimes in the name of anarchism, in what is known as

3066: 2067: 1987:

The origins of the modern anarchist movement lie in the events of the

5434: 5328:"[ English / Anglais - Actualité de l'Anarcho-syndicalisme ]" 4862: 3690: 3259: 3081: 3050: 2982: 2859: 2778: 2650: 2629: 2447: 2367: 2350:, or International Workingmen's Association (IWA) in London in 1864, 2340: 2193: 2184:

The lasted vestiges of revolutionary anarchism were expressed by the

2110:, during which the Girondins were purged from the Convention and the 2050: 2000: 1954: 1870: 1820: 1088: 673: 497: 392: 38: 5533: 5429:(first ed., SUDEL, Paris, 1951, 744 p.; Reedition in two volumes by 5316:"Les groupes/liaisons/individuels de la FA" by Federation Anarchiste 4672: 4670: 3625:(CNT) on 6 December 1946, adopting the Paris charter and publishing 3559:

on October 29–30, 1944. Decision was taken to publish clandestinely

3512:

began to start organizing itself in 1942–1943. Meanwhile, the

5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 3894: 3601: 3548: 3198: 3171: 3118: 3077: 2530: 2306: 2286: 2268: 2260: 1977: 1108: 698: 462: 210: 3656:

impose a single political stance and centralize the organization.

2236: 2213:, but their ideas carried on into the 19th century. Following the 1889: 4667: 3944: 3736: 3652: 3636: 3525: 2774: 2658: 2495: 1996: 1860: 302: 198: 5500:

Sex, Violence, and the Avant-Garde: Anarchism in Interwar France

5151: 3364:. The minority of those who followed Volin split and create the 5389:

Daniel, Evan Matthew; Heath, Nick (2009). "Anarchism, France".

3873:

The comtemporary movement is divided into multiple groups. The

3701:(ICL), which groups the Italian GAAP, the Spanish Ruta and the 3648: 3635:

The anarchists started the 1947 insurrectionary strikes at the

3372:. The Congress took place on 20 and 21 May 1934, following the 3342: 2438: 2389: 1009: 548: 4250:. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings. 4182:. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings. 3621:

newspaper. The FSF finally transformed itself into the actual

3524:, systematically added to the list of targets designed by the 3464:, and the Fédération anarchiste française (FAF) which had the 2275:. It is Proudhon's philosophy that was explicitly rejected by 5185:"Pensée et action des anarchistes en France : 1950-1970" 5077: 5075: 4941:

Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. 1962

3990: 3938: 3300: 2938:

to the war, even some anarchists supported the Sacred Union (

2788: 2758: 773: 18: 5032:"1926 – France: Georges Butaud (1868–1926) dies, in Ermont." 3121:, the strong defence of birth control methods, the idea of " 2978: 2703:), the unions and the industries' federations. Dominated by 2476:

Varlin, Malon, and Lefrangais, and the bakuninists Elie and

5299: 5297: 5295: 3888: 3576:(FA) was founded in Paris on December 2, 1945, and elected 3556: 3537: 3338: 3019:

Later, this tradition continued with such intellectuals as

2399: 5522:

Maitron, Jean (1965). "L'Anarchisme français, 1945-1965".

5072: 3755:

and would drift to the far-right during the Algerian war.

3307:) viewing its implications as too rigid and hierarchical. 5081:

Parry, Richard. The Bonnot Gang. Rebel Press, 1987. p. 15

3786: 2854:. The main French individualist anarchist theorists were 2541:, and the assassination of the President of the Republic 5574: 5391:

The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest

5376:

A history of the French anarchist movement: 1917 to 1945

5292: 5268: 5256: 4950: 4948: 4924:

http://www.la-presse-anarchiste.net/spip.php?rubrique258

3258:(UA) group was constituted in November 1919 against the 5564: 5492:

Anarchism and Cultural Politics in Fin-de-Siècle France

5449:

La vie quotidienne des anarchistes en France, 1880–1910

4704:

Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements

4501:; Volume One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE to 1939) 3709:, deemed too reformist. The first issue of the monthly 2649:

were the most famous of the many anonymous anarchists,

5579: 5427:

Histoire du mouvement anarchiste en France (1880–1914)

4564:

of the BBC, with John Keane, Professor of Politics at

3952: 3766:

now openly embraced anarchism and collaborated in the

3605:, and some pacifists (Louvet and Maille who published 2816:), it was quickly replaced by a new organization, the 2521:

The propaganda of the deed period and exile to Britain

6559: 5243:"1919-1950: The politics of Surrealism by Nick Heath" 5228:"1919-1950: The politics of Surrealism" by Nick Heath 4945: 4499:

Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas

3681:

indicated the end of the cooperation with the French

2149:

committed suicide after being called to trial by the

2114:

took control, centralizing power in the hands of the

5378:. Greenwood Press. 2002. new edition AK Press. 2009. 5280: 5237: 5235: 2570:("villainous laws"). These laws severely restricted 5597:"The French Anarchist Movement" by Giovanna Berneri 4912:

El anarquismo individualista en España (1923–1938).

3774:and he continued to offer his solidarity after the 3224: 2866:. Other important individualist activists included 2118:and leaving the direct democratic ambitions of the 2011:began to organize themselves into systems of local 5464:Eyes to the South: French Anarchists & Algeria 5040: 5038: 4352:. Vol. 1. London: Cassell. pp. 346–347. 4316:. Vol. 1. London: Cassell. pp. 331–332. 3639:factories, crushed by Interior Minister socialist 3567: 3381:later created itself after a new split in the UA. 2165:began to wane as the Terror intensified, with the 5232: 3472:'s government even had made it illegal after the 3221:was the most famous group to embrace illegalism. 2992:. An early important individualist anarchist was 2967: 2517:, was decapitated and deeply affected for years. 6595: 4144:(1837). "Chapter 1.6.I. Make the Constitution". 4117:Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism 3432:in Barcelona. Some anarchists became members of 2829:Fédération communiste révolutionnaire anarchiste 2221:, socialist and anarchist ideas inspired by the 5383:Anarchism in France: The Case of Octave Mirbeau 5035: 3881:, a weekly periodical, and a bookshop network. 3424:. In the same way, Blum refused to boycott the 3108:. Butaud was an individualist "partisan of the 2974:Individualist anarchism in Europe § France 2838:The French anarchist milieu also included many 2237:From the Second Republic to the Jura Federation 5109: 4694: 4692: 4491: 4489: 3853:Union des Travailleurs Communistes Libertaires 2513:, the anarchist movement, as the whole of the 2486:was an important anarchist participant in the 2317:, later founder and editor of the four-volume 6193: 5628: 5063: 4521:. Vol. 1. London: Cassell. p. 368. 4464:. Vol. 1. London: Cassell. p. 356. 4428:. Vol. 1. London: Cassell. p. 354. 3400:, the Popular Front did not intervene in the 2732:International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam 1923: 5393:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–4. 5023:http://www.eskimo.com/~recall/bleed/0226.htm 4974:""Machete" #1. "Bonnot and the Evangelists"" 4150:. Vol. Book VI. Consolidation. London: 3287:) in 1925. Makhno co-wrote and co-published 2960:against Germany. A clandestine issue of the 2842:. They centered around publications such as 2412:Letters to A Frenchman on the Present Crisis 2390:Anarchist participation in the Paris Commune 5388: 5303: 4689: 4486: 3959:Libertarian Communist Organization (France) 2402:on the principles later exemplified by the 2301:, the first person to describe himself as " 2188:, which advocated for the overthrow of the 6200: 6186: 5635: 5621: 4991: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4244:(1927) . "Chapter XLI. The "Anarchists"". 3727:and the non-platformist anarcho-communist 3239:Confédération générale du travail unitaire 2598:and encouraging propaganda of the deed or 2494:she untiringly preached resistance to the 2291:Le Libertaire, Journal du mouvement social 2027:to decide on matters without any need for 1930: 1916: 1826:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism 4710: 4240: 4172: 3446:Fédération anarchiste de langue française 3357:became again a weekly newspaper in 1926. 2730:Only eight French delegates attended the 2556:'s bomb in the Chamber of Deputies, the " 5360:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 449–470. 4914:Virus editorial. Barcelona. 2007. pg. 60 4583: 4513: 4456: 4420: 4380: 4344: 4308: 4268: 4200: 4110: 3889:List of French libertarian organisations 3815: 3813:was popular during the May 1968 events. 3366:Association des fédéralistes anarchistes 3353:became the new trade-union's secretary. 3138: 3065: 2977: 2797: 2616: 2437: 2354:made his first tentative of creation an 2285: 2240: 1976: 17: 6207: 5642: 5521: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4843: 4645: 4617: 4560:, Thursday December 7, 2006. Hosted by 4140: 2894:and the criminal/political exploits of 2835:, succeeded to the FCA in August 1913. 2734:in August 1907. According to historian 2173:also being suppressed. Eventually, the 6596: 5461: 5195: 4782: 4495: 4247:The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793 4179:The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793 3969:Union of Libertarian Communist Workers 3955:English section of the web site : 3923:International of Anarchist Federations 3787:The Fifth Republic (1958) and May 1968 2378:, which met the next year at the 1872 2049:were denounced as "anarchists" by the 878:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA 6181: 5616: 5494:. University of Nebraska Press. 1989. 5355: 5286: 5274: 5262: 4035:List of anarchist movements by region 3568:The Fourth Republic (1945–1958) 3166:Influenced by theorist Max Stirner's 2248:, the first self-identified anarchist 2177:brought an end to the Terror and the 4887: 4875: 4758: 4606:no 6, September 21, 1858, New York. 3645:Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité 3643:, whom created for the occasion the 3434:International Antifascist Solidarity 3384:Anarchists then participated in the 2200:(1796), the proto-anarchist thinker 2108:Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 4729:(Montreal: Black Rose Books, 2005) 4543: 3699:Internationale comuniste libertaire 3289:The Organizational Platform of the 3262:, and the first daily issue of the 3096:Anarchist naturism was promoted by 3057:(1903). Later appeared the journal 2683:, one of the leading supporters of 13: 5514: 5444:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2009. 5358:The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism 5057:Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed 4926:Autonomie Individuelle (1887–1888) 4676: 3849:Organisation Communiste Libertaire 3810:Anarchism: From Theory to Practice 3703:Mouvement libertaire nord-africain 3695:Manifeste du communisme libertaire 3623:Confédération nationale du travail 3500:, head of the new "French State" ( 3347:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo 3250:(PCF). A new weekly series of the 2902:, France became the birthplace of 2564:, which were quickly denounced as 1957:. French anarchists fought in the 14: 6625: 5558: 5417:L'anarchiste: L'affaire Léauthier 5092:"The Illegalists - by Doug Imrie" 4859:Le mouvement anarchiste en France 4572:, Senior Lecturer in Politics at 3941:(revolutionary-syndicalist, 1945) 3615:Fédération syndicaliste française 3555:decided on a charter approved in 3374:February 6, 1934, far right riots 3246:which marked the creation of the 2862:who also were influential in the 2693:Confédération générale du travail 2384:Anarchist St. Imier International 2297:An early anarchist communist was 1953:and was the first self-described 6581: 6569: 5570:Francophone anarchist federation 5399:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0054 4147:The French Revolution: A History 3843:, and the publications close to 3778:around Fontenis transformed the 3772:francophone Anarchist Federation 3420:were sending men and weapons to 3396:(40 hours week, etc.) Headed by 3379:Fédération communiste libertaire 3225:From World War I to World War II 2964:was published on June 15, 1917. 2808:However, at the approach of the 2071:were among the defenders of the 1898: 1888: 913:International Conference of Rome 903:International Conference of Rome 45: 5349: 5320: 5309: 5189: 5177: 5128: 5084: 5016: 4966: 4929: 4917: 4904: 4824: 4810: 4776: 4740: 4639: 4611: 4596: 4507: 4450: 4414: 4374: 3833:Cahiers socialistes libertaires 3494:Allies' landing in North Africa 3440:'s French-speaking contingent, 3049:in 1905. Outside this journal, 1945:can trace its roots to thinker 5054:, by Doug Imrie (published by 4747:"The Paris Commune" by Anarcho 4653:. Freedom Press. p. 162. 4625:. Freedom Press. p. 145. 4338: 4302: 4262: 4234: 4194: 4166: 4134: 4104: 4083: 3483: 3428:in Berlin, and to support the 3277:, founded in Paris the review 2990:French individualist anarchism 2968:French individualist anarchism 2175:fall of Maximilien Robespierre 1025:Australian Anarchist Centenary 950:German Revolution of 1918–1919 1: 6609:Political movements in France 5433:, Paris, 1975, and reedition 5117:"Illegalism" by Rob los Ricos 4076: 3392:(1936–1938) which led to the 3266:got out on December 4, 1923. 3128: 3063:created by Zo d'Axa in 1891. 2715:party (French Section of the 2033:National Constituent Assembly 2003:". Immediately following the 1212:Decentralized planned economy 5565:Non Fides - anarchist portal 4831:Project of a doctoral thesis 4651:A Short History of Anarchism 4623:A Short History of Anarchism 4580:, philosopher and historian. 3723:the individualist anarchist 3155:. The illegalists embraced 2669: 438:Proletarian internationalism 7: 5456:The Anarchism of Jean Grave 4023: 4013:Libertarian Communist Union 3885:is a smaller organization. 3841:La Révolution prolétarienne 3520:and his second in command, 3442:The Sébastien Faure Century 3328:Union anarchiste communiste 3269:Russian exiles, among them 3055:Petit Manuel individualiste 2922:After the assassination of 2641:, a.k.a. "the Red Virgin", 2463:, the Reclus brothers, and 2192:and its replacement with a 960:1919 United States bombings 10: 6630: 5222:, the weekly paper of the 5050:September 8, 2015, at the 4030:Category:French anarchists 3668:manifest was published in 3186:proposed the theory of la 3132: 2971: 2560:" voted in 1893 the first 2346:After the creation of the 2129:With the beginning of the 2116:Committee of Public Safety 1972: 1965:. According to journalist 1866:Situationist International 1170:Self-managed social center 985:Spanish Revolution of 1936 6509: 6471: 6213: 6152: 6086: 6065: 5997: 5816: 5693: 5650: 5503:. Penn State Press. 2010. 5482:Journal of Social History 4566:University of Westminster 3999:(SCALP, antifascist,1984) 3504:) which had replaced the 2998:French Revolution of 1848 2996:. He participated in the 2950:and others published the 2810:1910 legislative election 2679:, a newspaper created by 2606:by the Italian anarchist 2474:libertarian collectivists 2398:led a failed uprising in 2321:started the weekly paper 1999:against corrupt worn-out 1949:, who grew up during the 1040:Really Really Free Market 1035:1999 Seattle WTO protests 503:Temporary autonomous zone 428:Permanent autonomous zone 363:Consensus decision-making 5508:Paris and the Anarchists 5141:, Le Cherche Midi, 1995 4602:"l'Echange", article in 4120:. Fontana. p. 432. 4071:Anarchism in Switzerland 4009:member of the Anarkismo) 3725:Charles-Auguste Bontemps 3586:individualist anarchists 2953:Manifesto of the Sixteen 2820:(Communist Federation). 2637:" taking place in 1884. 2382:, where was created the 2374:of 1872, and formed the 2186:Conspiracy of the Equals 2126:completely unfulfilled. 2075:and expressed a form of 2005:storming of the Bastille 1267:Workers' self-management 1165:Radical environmentalism 1114:Independent Media Center 1030:Carnival Against Capital 955:Bavarian Soviet Republic 944:Manifesto of the Sixteen 343:Autonomous social center 6154:Individualist anarchism 5304:Daniel & Heath 2009 4574:Loughborough University 4496:Graham, Robert (2005). 4388:. Vol. 1. London: 4276:. Vol. 1. London: 4208:. Vol. 1. London: 4094:The First War on Terror 4051:The Coming Insurrection 3933:individualist anarchist 3899:individualist anarchist 3707:Anarchist International 3474:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2558:Opportunist Republicans 2319:Anarchist Encyclopedia, 2219:restoration of monarchy 2198:Manifesto of the Equals 1207:Cost the limit of price 6256:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5849:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5462:Porter, David (2011). 4960:July 23, 2011, at the 4789:The Women Incendiaries 4003:Alternative libertaire 3883:Alternative Libertaire 3857:Alternative Libertaire 3824: 3627:Le Combat Syndicaliste 3516:, under the orders of 3313:Père Lachaise Cemetery 3291:Libertarian Communists 3248:French Communist Party 3242:(CGTU) after the 1920 3215:propaganda of the deed 3192:individual reclamation 3161:propaganda by the deed 3153:Propaganda of the deed 3147: 3073: 3014:Autonomie Individuelle 2985: 2805: 2707:, the CGT adopted the 2624: 2592: 2580:propaganda of the deed 2527:propaganda of the deed 2451: 2416:propaganda of the deed 2294: 2253:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 2249: 2246:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 2151:Revolutionary Tribunal 2055:Jacques Pierre Brissot 1991:, which the historian 1984: 1963:International Brigades 1947:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 1354:Bosnia and Herzegovina 443:Propaganda of the deed 433:Prefigurative politics 423:Participatory politics 368:Conscientious objector 23: 5575:CNT France (Vignoles) 5224:Fédération Anarchiste 4901:, 1975, tome I, p.448 4884:, 1975, tome I, p.446 4683:The Anarchist Library 4679:"Anarchist-Communism" 4212:. pp. 317, 322. 3915:Fédération Anarchiste 3829:Fédération anarchiste 3822:Fédération anarchiste 3819: 3780:Fédération Anarchiste 3768:Fédération Anarchiste 3733:synthesist principles 3574:Fédération Anarchiste 3553:Fédération Anarchiste 3506:French Third Republic 3296:revolutionary Ukraine 3142: 3069: 3006:(Henry David) Thoreau 2994:Anselme Bellegarrigue 2981: 2818:Fédération communiste 2801: 2620: 2588: 2572:freedom of expression 2441: 2289: 2244: 2179:Thermidorian Reaction 1980: 1961:as volunteers in the 1856:Libertarian socialism 1020:Kate Sharpley Library 995:Red inverted triangle 938:High Treason Incident 928:Congress of Amsterdam 513:Voluntary association 323:Anti-authoritarianism 313:Anarchist criminology 308:Anarchist Black Cross 21: 6614:Anarchism by country 4869:, 1975), pp.443-445 4519:The Third Revolution 4462:The Third Revolution 4426:The Third Revolution 4386:The Third Revolution 4350:The Third Revolution 4314:The Third Revolution 4280:. pp. 324–327. 4274:The Third Revolution 4206:The Third Revolution 4061:Anarchism in Belgium 3855:. The latter became 3793:Mouvement du 22 Mars 3791:Many leaders of the 3490:Operation Barbarossa 3426:1936 Summer Olympics 3188:reprise individuelle 2932:Second International 2717:Second International 2705:anarcho-syndicalists 2480:and Louise Michel." 2430:, where Bakunin and 2421:Anarchist historian 2380:Saint-Imier Congress 2370:from the IWA at the 2279:in the inception of 2207:François-Noël Babeuf 2096:Jean-François Varlet 2085:sectional assemblies 1739:Fictional characters 1160:Radical cheerleading 22:Anarchists in France 6604:Anarchism in France 6472:States with limited 6208:Anarchism in Europe 5644:Anarchism by region 5591:Le Monde Libertaire 5525:Le Mouvement social 5506:Varias, Alexander. 5277:, pp. 461–462. 5265:, pp. 459–460. 4503:. Black Rose Books. 4066:Anarchism in Monaco 4040:Communism in France 3973:anarcho-syndicalist 3953:http://cnt-ait.info 3949:anarcho-syndicalist 3864:synthesis anarchism 3746:anarcho-syndicalist 3742:Le Monde Libertaire 3410:Spanish Republicans 3332:synthesis anarchism 3285:The Cause of Labour 3002:Anarchist Manifesto 2635:Trial of the Thirty 2562:anti-terrorist laws 2509:Following the 1871 2408:Franco-Prussian War 2348:First International 2339:Déjacque "rejected 2334:Ricardian socialism 2281:anarchist-communism 2059:National Convention 2039:In particular, the 1943:Anarchism in France 1846:Left-libertarianism 1142:No gods, no masters 970:Kronstadt rebellion 908:Trial of the Thirty 873:Revolutions of 1848 6020:Dominican Republic 5454:Patsouras, Louis. 5122:2008-11-20 at the 5028:2010-09-09 at the 4836:2007-08-08 at the 4770:2009-07-10 at the 4752:2012-06-25 at the 4725:2010-09-23 at the 4152:Chapman & Hall 4112:Marshall, Peter H. 3921:, 1945, member of 3825: 3611:Ce qu'il faut dire 3176:Property is theft! 3148: 3143:Caricature of the 3074: 3041:Rirette Maîtrejean 2986: 2884:Rirette Maîtrejean 2827:as secretary. The 2806: 2701:Fernand Pelloutier 2697:Bourses du Travail 2625: 2452: 2362:Bakunin and other 2356:anti-authoritarian 2295: 2250: 2025:general assemblies 2009:communes of France 1985: 1796:Anti-globalization 1729:Anarcho-punk bands 1414:Dominican Republic 1154:Property is theft! 1120:The Internationale 1074:Anarchist bookfair 1000:Labadie Collection 990:Barcelona May Days 893:Cantonal rebellion 220:Without adjectives 79:Schools of thought 24: 6557: 6556: 6175: 6174: 5510:. New York. 1996. 5497:Sonn, Richard D. 5490:Sonn, Richard D. 5473:978-1-84935-076-1 5458:. Montreal. 2003. 5408:978-1-4051-9807-3 5385:. Montreal. 1977. 5367:978-3-319-75619-6 5045:The "Illegalists" 4999:"The daily bleed" 4803:978-1-931859-46-2 4660:978-0-900384-89-9 4632:978-0-900384-89-9 4589:Joseph Déjacque, 4127:978-0-00-686245-1 3875:social anarchists 3430:People's Olympiad 3404:, because of the 3402:Spanish Civil War 3123:unions of egoists 3087:(Albert) Libertad 2936:workers' movement 2926:socialist leader 2864:Iberian Peninsula 2744:Benoît Broutchoux 2515:workers' movement 2366:were excluded by 2194:communist society 2159:bureaucratization 1989:French Revolution 1959:Spanish Civil War 1940: 1939: 1876:Spontaneous order 1806:Anti-war movement 1749:Jewish anarchists 1148:Popular education 868:French Revolution 493:Spontaneous order 353:Classless society 278: 277: 236:Counter-economics 6621: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6574: 6573: 6572: 6565: 6510:Dependencies and 6214:Sovereign states 6202: 6195: 6188: 6179: 6178: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5614: 5613: 5608:Anarchy Archives 5585:Radio Libertaire 5580:CNT France (AIT) 5553: 5477: 5440:Merriman, John. 5431:François Maspero 5412: 5371: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5330:. Archived from 5324: 5318: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5239: 5230: 5217: 5212: 5211: 5202:. Archived from 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5170: 5149: 5132: 5126: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5094:. Archived from 5088: 5082: 5079: 5070: 5067: 5061: 5042: 5033: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5001:. Archived from 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4976:. Archived from 4970: 4964: 4952: 4943: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4885: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4867:François Maspero 4852: 4841: 4828: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4780: 4774: 4762: 4756: 4744: 4738: 4714: 4708: 4696: 4687: 4686: 4674: 4665: 4664: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4615: 4609: 4600: 4594: 4587: 4581: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4515:Bookchin, Murray 4511: 4505: 4504: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4458:Bookchin, Murray 4454: 4448: 4447: 4422:Bookchin, Murray 4418: 4412: 4411: 4382:Bookchin, Murray 4378: 4372: 4371: 4346:Bookchin, Murray 4342: 4336: 4335: 4310:Bookchin, Murray 4306: 4300: 4299: 4270:Bookchin, Murray 4266: 4260: 4259: 4242:Kropotkin, Peter 4238: 4232: 4231: 4202:Bookchin, Murray 4198: 4192: 4191: 4174:Kropotkin, Peter 4170: 4164: 4163: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4108: 4102: 4087: 3985:Anarchists Union 3837:À contre-courant 3712:Monde libertaire 3607:A contre-courant 3592:, who published 3478:Battle of France 3470:Édouard Daladier 3422:Francisco Franco 3418:Benito Mussolini 3394:Matignon Accords 3256:Union Anarchiste 3207:Auguste Vaillant 2886:. Influenced by 2752:René de Marmande 2554:Auguste Vaillant 2539:Auguste Vaillant 2277:Joseph Déjacque 2209:was executed by 2202:Sylvain Maréchal 2153:and by 1794 the 2021:Direct democracy 1982:Sylvain Maréchal 1932: 1925: 1918: 1902: 1894:Anarchism portal 1892: 1786:Anti-consumerism 1781:Anti-corporatism 1257:Social ownership 1242:Market socialism 1217:Free association 1126:Jewish anarchism 1068:A las Barricadas 980:Amakasu Incident 923:Strandza Commune 898:Haymarket affair 518:Workers' council 508:Union of egoists 468:Security culture 378:Decentralization 373:Critique of work 111:Total liberation 85: 84: 49: 26: 25: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6618: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6582: 6580: 6570: 6568: 6560: 6558: 6553: 6511: 6505: 6491:Northern Cyprus 6473: 6467: 6388:North Macedonia 6209: 6206: 6176: 6171: 6148: 6082: 6061: 5993: 5812: 5689: 5646: 5641: 5561: 5556: 5534:10.2307/3777342 5517: 5515:Further reading 5474: 5415:Frémion, Yves. 5409: 5368: 5352: 5347: 5346: 5337: 5335: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5314: 5310: 5302: 5293: 5285: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5261: 5257: 5248: 5246: 5241: 5240: 5233: 5209: 5207: 5194: 5190: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5152: 5135:Maurice Rajsfus 5133: 5129: 5124:Wayback Machine 5114: 5110: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5052:Wayback Machine 5043: 5036: 5030:Wayback Machine 5021: 5017: 5008: 5006: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4983: 4981: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4962:Wayback Machine 4953: 4946: 4934: 4930: 4922: 4918: 4909: 4905: 4897: 4888: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4853: 4844: 4838:Wayback Machine 4829: 4825: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4794:Haymarket Books 4781: 4777: 4772:Wayback Machine 4763: 4759: 4754:Wayback Machine 4745: 4741: 4727:Wayback Machine 4716:Robert Graham ' 4715: 4711: 4699:George Woodcock 4697: 4690: 4677:Pengam, Alain. 4675: 4668: 4661: 4644: 4640: 4633: 4616: 4612: 4601: 4597: 4588: 4584: 4548: 4544: 4529: 4512: 4508: 4494: 4487: 4472: 4455: 4451: 4436: 4419: 4415: 4400: 4392:. p. 351. 4379: 4375: 4360: 4343: 4339: 4324: 4307: 4303: 4288: 4267: 4263: 4239: 4235: 4220: 4199: 4195: 4171: 4167: 4142:Carlyle, Thomas 4139: 4135: 4128: 4109: 4105: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4026: 3891: 3879:a radio station 3797:May 1968 events 3789: 3588:grouped behind 3578:George Fontenis 3570: 3498:Philippe Pétain 3486: 3386:general strikes 3227: 3174:(his view that 3137: 3131: 3021:Albert Libertad 3010:(Josiah) Warren 2976: 2970: 2956:supporting the 2948:Peter Kropotkin 2924:anti-militarist 2868:Albert Libertad 2833:Sébastien Faure 2803:Sébastien Faure 2709:Charte d'Amiens 2681:Sébastien Faure 2672: 2670:1895–1914 2612:lois scélérates 2567:lois scélérates 2523: 2432:James Guillaume 2423:George Woodcock 2396:Mikhail Bakunin 2392: 2376:Jura Federation 2352:Mikhail Bakunin 2327:The Libertarian 2315:Sébastien Faure 2299:Joseph Déjacque 2239: 2215:Napoleonic Wars 2131:Reign of Terror 2077:proto-socialism 2053:. The Girondin 2013:self-government 1975: 1936: 1904:Politics portal 1881: 1880: 1836:Labour movement 1776: 1775: 1764: 1763: 1724: 1723: 1714: 1713: 1284: 1283: 1272: 1271: 1192: 1191: 1180: 1179: 1094:Escuela Moderna 1062: 1061: 1050: 1049: 1045:Occupy movement 918:Ferrer movement 863: 862: 851: 850: 811: 810: 799: 798: 534: 533: 522: 521: 448:Refusal of work 333:Anti-militarism 328:Anti-capitalism 299: 298: 280: 279: 246:Insurrectionary 82: 81: 12: 11: 5: 6627: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6591: 6590: 6578: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6512:other entities 6507: 6506: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6477: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6465: 6463:United Kingdom 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6276:Czech Republic 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6204: 6197: 6190: 6182: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6158: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6075: 6069: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5991: 5989:United Kingdom 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5864:Czech Republic 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5656: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5640: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5599: 5594: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5560: 5559:External links 5557: 5555: 5554: 5528:(50): 97–110. 5518: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5504: 5495: 5488: 5478: 5472: 5459: 5452: 5451:. Paris, 1986. 5447:Nataf, André. 5445: 5438: 5420: 5419:. Paris. 1999. 5413: 5407: 5386: 5379: 5374:Berry, David. 5372: 5366: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5319: 5308: 5291: 5289:, p. 455. 5279: 5267: 5255: 5231: 5188: 5176: 5150: 5127: 5108: 5083: 5071: 5062: 5034: 5015: 4990: 4965: 4944: 4928: 4916: 4903: 4886: 4874: 4861:, tome I, Tel 4842: 4823: 4809: 4802: 4775: 4757: 4739: 4709: 4688: 4666: 4659: 4638: 4631: 4610: 4595: 4582: 4578:Peter Marshall 4542: 4527: 4506: 4485: 4470: 4449: 4434: 4413: 4398: 4373: 4358: 4337: 4322: 4301: 4286: 4261: 4233: 4218: 4193: 4165: 4133: 4126: 4103: 4090:Doherty, Brian 4081: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4020: 4010: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3979:Action directe 3976: 3966: 3956: 3942: 3936: 3926: 3912: 3902: 3890: 3887: 3788: 3785: 3729:Maurice Joyeux 3662:Maurice Joyeux 3569: 3566: 3485: 3482: 3438:Durruti Column 3351:Julien Toublet 3341:, created the 3275:Piotr Arshinov 3244:Tours Congress 3226: 3223: 3133:Main article: 3130: 3127: 3111:milieux libres 3106:Georges Butaud 3102:Émile Gravelle 3008:and, probably 2972:Main article: 2969: 2966: 2958:Triple Entente 2942:) government. 2840:individualists 2795:in June 1908. 2748:Pierre Monatte 2685:Alfred Dreyfus 2671: 2668: 2647:Charles Malato 2610:. The term of 2600:antimilitarism 2522: 2519: 2492:Siege of Paris 2428:Hague Congress 2391: 2388: 2372:Hague Congress 2238: 2235: 2104:National Guard 2029:representation 1993:Thomas Carlyle 1974: 1971: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1927: 1920: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1896: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1851:Libertarianism 1848: 1843: 1841:Left communism 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1777: 1773:Related topics 1771: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1689:United Kingdom 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1404:Czech 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6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6524:Faroe Islands 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6508: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6496:South Ossetia 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6348:Liechtenstein 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6203: 6198: 6196: 6191: 6189: 6184: 6183: 6180: 6168: 6167:United States 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6124:French Guiana 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087:South America 6085: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6050:United States 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998:North America 5996: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5633: 5631: 5626: 5624: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5509: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5465: 5460: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5423:Maitron, Jean 5421: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5353: 5334:on 2006-11-16 5333: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5312: 5305: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5288: 5283: 5276: 5271: 5264: 5259: 5244: 5238: 5236: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5220:Le Libertaire 5216: 5206:on 2010-10-28 5205: 5201: 5200: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5148: 5147:2-86274-358-5 5144: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5112: 5098:on 2015-09-08 5097: 5093: 5087: 5078: 5076: 5066: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5039: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5019: 5005:on 2016-07-01 5004: 5000: 4994: 4980:on 2012-06-08 4979: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4951: 4949: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4925: 4920: 4913: 4910:Xavier Diez. 4907: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4883: 4878: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4839: 4835: 4832: 4827: 4821: 4813: 4805: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4784:Thomas, Édith 4779: 4773: 4769: 4766: 4761: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4743: 4736: 4735:1-55164-251-4 4732: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4713: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4671: 4662: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4634: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4604:Le Libertaire 4599: 4592: 4586: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4502: 4500: 4492: 4490: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4169: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4137: 4129: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4092:(2010-12-17) 4091: 4086: 4082: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3805:Daniel Guérin 3802: 3801:Situationists 3798: 3794: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3762:group led by 3761: 3756: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3685:Group led by 3684: 3680: 3679:Le Libertaire 3674: 3671: 3670:Le Libertaire 3667: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3619:Le Libertaire 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3562: 3561:Le Libertaire 3558: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3518:René Bousquet 3515: 3514:French police 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3462:Le Libertaire 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3390:Popular Front 3387: 3382: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3356: 3355:Le Libertaire 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3286: 3283:(Дело Труда, 3282: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3271:Nestor Makhno 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3230:After the war 3222: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3180:Clément Duval 3177: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3157:direct action 3154: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3091:joy of living 3088: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025:André Lorulot 3022: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2896:Clément Duval 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2872:André Lorulot 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2794: 2793:Seine-et-Oise 2790: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2689:Louise Michel 2686: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2676:Le Libertaire 2667: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639:Louise Michel 2636: 2631: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2511:Paris Commune 2507: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488:Paris Commune 2485: 2484:Louise Michel 2481: 2479: 2478:Élisée Reclus 2475: 2470: 2466: 2465:Eugène Varlin 2462: 2461:Louise Michel 2457: 2456:Paris Commune 2450: 2449: 2444: 2443:Louise Michel 2440: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2404:Paris Commune 2401: 2397: 2387: 2386:(1872–1877). 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2323:Le Libertaire 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2243: 2234: 2232: 2231:July Monarchy 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2163:sans-culottes 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2139:sans-culottes 2136: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2120:sans-culottes 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2073:sans-culottes 2070: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2047:Paris Commune 2044: 2043: 2042:sans-culottes 2037: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1968: 1967:Brian Doherty 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1718: 1717: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1694:United States 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1454:French Guiana 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1252:Mutual credit 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1197:Communization 1195: 1194: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 965:Biennio Rosso 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 945: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 883:Paris Commune 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 865: 861: 855: 854: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 816:Animal rights 814: 813: 809: 803: 802: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 536: 532: 526: 525: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 408:Individualism 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 388:Direct action 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 294: 292: 289: 288: 284: 283: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 233: 232: 231: 227: 226: 221: 218: 212: 209: 208: 207: 204: 200: 197: 196: 195: 192: 191: 190: 187: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 173: 170: 168: 165: 161: 158: 156: 153: 152: 151: 148: 146: 143: 139: 138:Philosophical 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 120: 119: 118:Individualist 116: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 97: 94: 92: 89: 88: 87: 86: 80: 74: 73: 68: 65: 63: 60: 58: 55: 54: 53: 52: 48: 44: 43: 40: 37: 36: 32: 28: 27: 20: 16: 6501:Transnistria 6295: 5883: 5680:South Africa 5590: 5523: 5507: 5498: 5491: 5481: 5466:. AK Press. 5463: 5455: 5448: 5441: 5426: 5416: 5390: 5382: 5375: 5357: 5350:Bibliography 5336:. Retrieved 5332:the original 5322: 5311: 5306:, p. 3. 5282: 5270: 5258: 5247:. Retrieved 5245:. Libcom.org 5219: 5214: 5208:. Retrieved 5204:the original 5198: 5191: 5179: 5138: 5130: 5111: 5100:. Retrieved 5096:the original 5086: 5065: 5055: 5018: 5007:. Retrieved 5003:the original 4993: 4982:. Retrieved 4978:the original 4968: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4919: 4911: 4906: 4899:Jean Maitron 4882:Jean Maitron 4877: 4858: 4855:Jean Maitron 4826: 4819: 4812: 4788: 4778: 4760: 4742: 4718: 4712: 4702: 4682: 4650: 4647:Nettlau, Max 4641: 4622: 4619:Nettlau, Max 4613: 4603: 4598: 4585: 4562:Melvyn Bragg 4545: 4518: 4509: 4497: 4461: 4452: 4425: 4416: 4385: 4376: 4349: 4340: 4313: 4304: 4273: 4264: 4246: 4236: 4205: 4196: 4178: 4168: 4145: 4136: 4116: 4106: 4097: 4085: 4049: 3882: 3872: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3845:Émile Armand 3840: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3808: 3790: 3776:Platformists 3764:André Breton 3757: 3752: 3750: 3741: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3694: 3687:André Breton 3678: 3675: 3669: 3658: 3634: 3631: 3626: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3593: 3590:Émile Armand 3571: 3560: 3546: 3502:Vichy regime 3487: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3414:Adolf Hitler 3383: 3370:anti-fascism 3359: 3354: 3336: 3319: 3317: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3268: 3263: 3251: 3237: 3228: 3196: 3187: 3184:Marius Jacob 3165: 3149: 3116: 3109: 3095: 3075: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3033:Victor Serge 3029:Émile Armand 3018: 3013: 2987: 2961: 2951: 2940:Union Sacrée 2921: 2914: 2908: 2900:Marius Jacob 2876:Victor Serge 2856:Émile Armand 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831:, headed by 2825:Louis Lecoin 2822: 2807: 2782: 2756: 2736:Jean Maitron 2729: 2725:Jules Guesde 2674: 2673: 2643:Émile Pouget 2626: 2622:Émile Pouget 2611: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2565: 2551: 2524: 2508: 2504: 2482: 2453: 2446: 2420: 2411: 2393: 2361: 2345: 2338: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2296: 2290: 2266: 2251: 2226: 2222: 2197: 2183: 2162: 2154: 2147:Jacques Roux 2142: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2100:Jacobin Club 2091: 2089: 2080: 2072: 2066: 2040: 2038: 2019:principles. 1986: 1942: 1941: 1801:Anti-statism 1791:Anti-fascism 1644:South Africa 1448: 1262:Wage slavery 1227:Gift economy 1118: 1079:Anarcho-punk 1066: 942: 831:Love and sex 719:Pi i Margall 383:Deep ecology 318:Anationalism 261:Relationship 194:Collectivist 150:Postcolonial 15: 6539:Isle of Man 6474:recognition 6448:Switzerland 6383:Netherlands 6078:New Zealand 6055:Puerto Rico 6025:El Salvador 5974:Switzerland 5929:Netherlands 5783:Philippines 5484:44 (2010). 5381:Carr, Reg. 4871:(in French) 4817:(in French) 4593:(in French) 4558:In Our Time 4554:BBC Radio 4 4550:"Anarchism" 4056:Tarnac Nine 4045:French Left 4017:platformist 4007:platformist 3963:platformist 3905:Bonnot Gang 3868:platformism 3758:The French 3522:Jean Leguay 3484:Under Vichy 3466:Terre libre 3458:Terre libre 3388:during the 3362:Platformist 3309:Platformism 3280:Dielo Truda 3219:Bonnot Gang 3217:. France's 3203:Émile Henry 3170:as well as 3145:Bonnot gang 3098:Henri Zisly 3060:L'En-Dehors 2928:Jean Jaurès 2911:Bonnot Gang 2888:Max Stirner 2851:L'En-Dehors 2763:Armentières 2740:syndicalism 2721:Jean Jaurès 2663:Reformation 2655:Félix Faure 2604:Sadi Carnot 2596:free speech 2543:Sadi Carnot 2535:Emile Henry 2364:federalists 2329:) in 1895. 2311:Max Nettlau 2112:Montagnards 2063:bourgeoisie 2031:. When the 1951:Restoration 1759:Periodicals 1659:Switzerland 1619:Puerto Rico 1604:Philippines 1569:New Zealand 1564:Netherlands 1434:El Salvador 1247:Mutual bank 1202:Cooperative 1131:Lifestylism 933:Tragic Week 836:Nationalism 488:Somatherapy 398:Freethought 266:Syndicalist 256:Platformism 228:Methodology 101:Primitivist 6598:Categories 6418:San Marino 6378:Montenegro 6358:Luxembourg 6338:Kazakhstan 6241:Azerbaijan 6010:Costa Rica 5728:East Timor 5711:Bangladesh 5706:Azerbaijan 5338:2006-09-26 5287:Berry 2018 5275:Berry 2018 5263:Berry 2018 5249:2009-12-26 5210:2011-03-05 5102:2010-09-20 5009:2010-02-17 4984:2013-07-03 4937:L'Anarchie 4570:Ruth Kinna 4528:0304335932 4471:0304335932 4435:0304335932 4399:0304335932 4359:0304335932 4323:0304335932 4287:0304335932 4256:1120403401 4219:0304335932 4188:1120403401 4077:References 3997:No Pasaran 3929:L'Anarchie 3919:synthesist 3909:illegalist 3877:of FA run 3760:Surrealist 3753:L'Anarchie 3683:Surrealist 3666:surrealist 3641:Jules Moch 3542:anarchists 3534:freemasons 3530:communists 3510:Resistance 3496:, Marshal 3264:Libertaire 3260:Bolsheviks 3252:Libertaire 3135:Illegalism 3129:Illegalism 3046:L'Anarchie 2962:Libertaire 2944:Jean Grave 2904:illegalism 2845:L'Anarchie 2814:Jean Grave 2584:propaganda 2576:censorship 2445:anarchist 2305:". 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Anarchism in France

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