812:
including eyes and parts of the brainârestoring these alien organs to full functionality. In some cases, axolotls have been known to repair a damaged limb, as well as regenerating an additional one, ending up with an extra appendage that makes them attractive to pet owners as a novelty. In metamorphosed individuals, however, the ability to regenerate is greatly diminished. The axolotl is therefore used as a model for the development of limbs in vertebrates. There are three basic requirements for regeneration of the limb: the wound epithelium, nerve signaling, and the presence of cells from the different limb axes. A wound epidermis is quickly formed by the cells to cover up the site of the wound. In the following days, the cells of the wound epidermis divide and grow quickly forming a blastema, which means the wound is ready to heal and undergo patterning to form the new limb.
1123:
extinction, something that they are already in danger of. Studies have found indicators of a low interpopulation gene flow and higher rates of genetic drift. These are likely the result of multiple âbottleneckâ incidents in which events that kill off several individuals of a population occur and sharply reduce the genetic diversity of the remaining population. The offspring produced after bottleneck events have a greater risk of showing decreased fitness and are often less capable of adaptation down the line. Multiple bottleneck events can have disastrous effects on a population. Studies have also found high rates of relatedness that are indicative of inbreeding. Inbreeding can be especially harmful as it can cause an increase in the presence of deleterious, or harmful, genes within a population. The detection of introgressed tiger salamander (
1131:
Ecologica (LRE) in the
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) has built up a population of more than 100 captive-bred individuals. These axolotls are mostly used for research by the lab but plans of a semi-artificial wetland inside the university have been established and the goal is to establish a viable population of axolotls within it. Studies have shown that captive-bred axolotls that are raised in a semi-natural environment can catch prey, survive in the wild, and have moderate success in escaping predators. These captive-bred individuals can be introduced into unpolluted bodies of water or back into Lake Xochimilco to establish or re-establish a wild population.
823:, as scarring prevents proper healing and regeneration. However, this belief has been questioned by other studies. The axolotl's regenerative properties leave the species as the perfect model to study the process of stem cells and its own neoteny feature. Current research can record specific examples of these regenerative properties through tracking cell fates and behaviors, lineage tracing skin triploid cell grafts, pigmentation imaging, electroporation, tissue clearing and lineage tracing from dye labeling. The newer technologies of germline modification and transgenesis are better suited for live imaging the regenerative processes that occur for axolotls.
672:
578:
1146:
558:
1162:
1107:
413:
435:
156:
763:
637:
83:
1190:
1115:
oxygen-poor environment that is not well-suited for axolotls. In addition, the intensive use of pesticides from agriculture around Lake
Xochimilco causes run off into the lake and a reduction of habitat quality for axolotls. The pesticides used contain chemical compounds that studies show to sharply increase mortality in axolotl embryos and larvae. Of the surviving embryo and larvae, there is also an increase of morphological, behavior, and activity abnormalities.
114:
1004:, though the axolotl differs in its longer toes. Among hobbyists, the process of artificially inducing metamorphosis can often result in death during or even following a successful attempt, and so casual hobbyists are generally discouraged from attempting to induce metamorphosis in pet axolotls. Morphed pet axolotls should be given solid footholds in their enclosure to satisfy their need for land. They should not be given live animals as food.
680:
1225:
can be harmful for amphibians and reptiles. Gravel (common in aquarium use) should not be used, and is recommended that any sand consists of smooth particles with a grain size of under 1mm. One guide to axolotl care for laboratories notes that bowel obstructions are a common cause of death, and recommends that no items with a diameter below 3 cm (or approximately the size of the animal's head) should be available to the animal.
629:
566:
550:
699:. Lake Chalco no longer exists, having been drained as a flood control measure, and Lake Xochimilco remains a remnant of its former self, existing mainly as canals. The water temperature in Xochimilco rarely rises above 20 °C (68 °F), although it may fall to 6â7 °C (43â45 °F) in the winter, and perhaps lower.
1224:
Substrates are another important consideration for captive axolotls, as axolotls (like other amphibians and reptiles) tend to ingest bedding material together with food and are commonly prone to gastrointestinal obstruction and foreign body ingestion. Some common substrates used for animal enclosures
662:
In addition, there is wide individual variability in the size, frequency, and intensity of the gold speckling, and at least one variant develops a black and white piebald appearance upon reaching maturity. Because pet breeders frequently cross the variant colors, double homozygous mutants are common
1177:
organisms, lower temperatures result in slower metabolism and a very unhealthily reduced appetite. Temperatures at approximately 16 °C (61 °F) to 18 °C (64 °F) are suggested for captive axolotls to ensure sufficient food intake; stress resulting from more than a day's exposure to
961:
In the absence of induced metamorphosis, larval axolotls start absorbing iodide into their thyroid glands at 30 days postfertilization. Larval axolotls do produce thyroid hormone from iodide, but the amount appears highly variable. Adult axolotls do not produce thyroid hormone unless metamorphism is
1118:
Another factor that threatens the native axolotl population is the introduction of invasive species such as the Nile tilapia and common carp. These invasive fish species threaten axolotl populations by eating their eggs or young and by out-competing them for natural resources. The presence of these
521:
limbs, gills and parts of their eyes and brains. Notably, their ability to regenerate declines with age, but it does not disappear. Axolotls keep modestly growing throughout their life and some consider this trait to be a direct contributor to their regenerative abilities. Further research has been
1114:
Lake
Xochimilco has poor water quality, caused by the region's aquaculture and agriculture demands. It is also maintained by inputs of only partially treated wastewater. Water quality tests reveal a low nitrogen-phosphorus ratio and a high concentration of chlorophyll a, which are indicative of an
1062:
families in which it seems to be a survival mechanism, in aquatic environments only of mountain and hill, with little food and, in particular, with little iodine. In this way, salamanders can reproduce and survive in the form of a smaller larval stage, which is aquatic and requires a lower quality
2299:
Caballero-PĂ©rez, Juan; Espinal-Centeno, Annie; Falcon, Francisco; GarcĂa-Ortega, Luis F.; Curiel-Quesada, Everardo; Cruz-HernĂĄndez, AndrĂ©s; Bako, Laszlo; Chen, Xuemei; MartĂnez, Octavio; Alberto
Arteaga-VĂĄzquez, Mario; Herrera-Estrella, Luis (January 2018). "Transcriptional landscapes of Axolotl
1102:
Axolotls are only native to the
Mexican Central Valley. Although the native axolotl population once extended through most of the lakes and wetlands that make up this region, the native habitat is now limited to Lake Xochimilco as a result of the expansion of Mexico City. Lake Xochimilco is not a
702:
Surveys in 1998, 2003, and 2008 found 6,000, 1,000, and 100 axolotls per square kilometer in its Lake
Xochimilco habitat, respectively. A four-month-long search in 2013, however, turned up no surviving individuals in the wild. Just a month later, two wild ones were spotted in a network of canals
663:
in the pet trade, especially white/pink animals with pink eyes that are double homozygous mutants for both the albino and leucistic trait. Axolotls also have some limited ability to alter their color to provide better camouflage by changing the relative size and thickness of their melanophores.
1122:
With such a small native population, there is a large loss of genetic diversity. This lack of genetic diversity can be dangerous for the remaining population, causing an increase in inbreeding and a decrease in general fitness and adaptive potential. It ultimately raises the axolotl's risk for
996:
An axolotl undergoing metamorphosis experiences a number of physiological changes that help them adapt to life on land. These include increased muscle tone in limbs, the absorption of gills and fins into the body, the development of eyelids, and a reduction in the skin's permeability to water,
811:
of entire lost appendages in a period of months, and, in certain cases, more vital structures, such as tail, limb, central nervous system, and tissues of the eye and heart. They can even restore less vital parts of their brains. They can also readily accept transplants from other individuals,
1130:
There has been little improvement in the conditions of the lake or the population of native axolotls. Many scientists are focusing their conservation efforts on translocation of captive-bred individuals into new habitats or reintroduction into Lake
Xochimilco. The Laboratorio de Restauracion
594:
and a caudal fin extending from behind the head to the vent. External gills are usually lost when salamander species mature into adulthood, although the axolotl maintains this feature. This is due to their neoteny evolution, where axolotls are much more aquatic than other salamander species.
928:
The axolotl's body has the capacity to go through metamorphosis if given the necessary hormone, but axolotls do not produce it, and must be exposed to it from an external source, after which an axolotl undergoes an artificially-induced metamorphosis and begins living on land. In laboratory
589:
A sexually mature adult axolotl, at age 18â27 months, ranges in length from 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 in), although a size close to 23 cm (9 in) is most common and greater than 30 cm (12 in) is rare. Axolotls possess features typical of salamander larvae, including
774:, and large numbers are bred in captivity. They are especially easy to breed compared to other salamanders in their family, which are rarely captive-bred due to the demands of terrestrial life. One attractive feature for research is the large and easily manipulated
3762:
Björklund, N.K. (1993). Small is beautiful: economical axolotl colony maintenance with natural spawnings as if axolotls mattered. In: Handbook on
Practical Methods. Ed.: G.M. Malacinski & S.T. Duhon. Bloomington, Department of Biology, Indiana University:
3313:
Woodcock, M. Ryan; Vaughn-Wolfe, Jennifer; Elias, Alexandra; Kump, D. Kevin; Kendall, Katharina Denise; Timoshevskaya, Nataliya; Timoshevskiy, Vladimir; Perry, Dustin W.; Smith, Jeramiah J.; Spiewak, Jessica E.; Parichy, David M.; Voss, S. Randal (2017-01-31).
747:
The axolotl is carnivorous, consuming small prey such as mollusks, worms, insects, other arthropods, and small fish in the wild. Axolotls locate food by smell, and will "snap" at any potential meal, sucking the food into their stomachs with vacuum force.
782:
studies due to the presence of a mutant gene that causes heart failure in embryos. Since the embryos survive almost to hatching with no heart function, the defect is very observable. The axolotl is also considered an ideal animal model for the study of
625:(gulping air from the surface) may also be used to provide oxygen to their lungs. Buccal pumping can occur in a two-stroke manner that pumps air from the mouth to the lungs, and with four-stroke that reverses this pathway with compression forces.
644:
Axolotls have four pigmentation genes; when mutated, they create different color variants. The normal wild-type animal is brown or tan with gold speckles and an olive undertone. The five most common mutant colors are listed below.
1193:
This animal was X-rayed several times as part of a research project over a period of two years. It was a normal healthy adult (26.3 cm; 159.5 gm) at the beginning of the project and lived several more years after the project
1032:
specimens were not included in the original shipment. Vilem
Laufberger in Prague used thyroid hormone injections to induce an axolotl to grow into a terrestrial adult salamander. The experiment was repeated by Englishman
1251:, the god of fire and lightning, who transformed himself into an axolotl to avoid being sacrificed by fellow gods. They continue to play an outsized cultural role in Mexico. AxĂłlotl also means water monster in the
2439:
1037:, who was unaware the experiment had already been done, using ground thyroids. Since then, experiments have been done often with injections of iodine or various thyroid hormones used to induce metamorphosis.
1119:
species has also been shown to change the behavior of axolotls, causing them to be less active to avoid predation. This reduction in activity greatly impacts the axolotls foraging and mating opportunities.
997:
allowing the axolotl to stay more easily hydrated when on land. The lungs of an axolotl, though present alongside gills after reaching non-metamorphosed adulthood, develop further during metamorphosis.
414:
795:. There are also mutations affecting other organ systems some of which are not well characterized and others that are. The genetics of the color variants of the axolotl have also been widely studied.
1026:
was surprised when, instead of the axolotl, he found in the vivarium a new species, similar to the salamander. This discovery was the starting point of research about neoteny. It is not certain that
1939:
Safi, Rachid; Bertrand, Stéphanie; Marchand, Oriane; Duffraisse, Marilyne; de Luze, Amaury; Vanacker, Jean-Marc; Maraninchi, Marie; Margotat, Alain; Demeneix, Barbara; Laudet, Vincent (2004-02-01).
3531:
Kulbisky, Gordon P; Rickey, Daniel W; Reed, Martin H; Björklund, Natalie; Gordon, Richard (1999). "The axolotl as an animal model for the comparison of 3-D ultrasound with plain film radiography".
606:
originate behind their heads and are used to move oxygenated water. The external gill rami are lined with filaments (fimbriae) to increase surface area for gas exchange. Four-gill slits lined with
3885:
1232:
based on experiments conducted at the
University of Manitoba axolotl colony,. As there is no conclusive evidence pointing to gastrolith use, gravel should be avoided due to the high risk of
1178:
lower temperatures may quickly lead to disease and death, and temperatures higher than 24 °C (75 °F) may lead to metabolic rate increase, also causing stress and eventually death.
946:
In animals with functioning thyroid glands, iodine in the form of iodide is selectively gathered into the colloid of the thyroid. Inside the colloid, iodide is reduced to elemental iodine (I
436:
3972:"And then we also found out that axolotls are endangered in the real world, and we think it's good to add endangered animals to Minecraft to create awareness about that." - Agnes Larsson
3747:
4058:
1067:, they quickly begin metamorphosis and transform into bigger terrestrial adults, with higher dietary requirements. In fact, in some high mountain lakes there live dwarf forms of
2129:
522:
conducted to examine their heart as a model of human single ventricle and excessive trabeculation. Axolotls were also sold as food in Mexican markets and were a staple in the
1714:
Meyer, Sophie; Lauridsen, Henrik; Pedersen, Kathrine; Andersson, Sofie Amalie; van Ooij, Pim; Willems, Tineke; Berger, Rolf M. F.; Ebels, Tjark; Jensen, Bjarke (2022-11-28).
3782:
847:, it encodes a similar number of proteins, namely 23,251 (the human genome encodes about 20,000 proteins). The size difference is mostly explained by a large fraction of
735:. Their habitat is like that of most neotenic speciesâa high-altitude body of water surrounded by a risky terrestrial environment. These conditions are thought to favor
2555:
Nowoshilow, Sergej; Schloissnig, Siegfried; Fei, Ji-Feng; Dahl, Andreas; Pang, Andy W. C.; Pippel, Martin; Winkler, Sylke; Hastie, Alex R.; Young, George (2018-01-24).
2496:"Modulating the immune response and the pericardial environment with LPS or prednisolone in the axolotl does not change the regenerative capacity of cryoinjured hearts"
991:, which does not react with proteins, does not trigger metamorphosis. It does speed up the rate of metamorphosis, once it has been triggered by thyroid hormone extract.
3727:
1541:
1127:) DNA in the laboratory axolotl population raises further concerns about the suitability of the captive population as an ark for potential reintroduction purposes.
1063:
and quantity of food compared to the big adult, which is terrestrial. If the salamander larvae ingest a sufficient amount of iodine, directly or indirectly through
1780:
1186:, is harmful to axolotls. A single axolotl typically requires a 150-litre (40-US-gallon) tank. Axolotls spend the majority of the time at the bottom of the tank.
514:
2734:
Demircan, Turan; Ovezmyradov, Guvanch; Yıldırım, Berna; Keskin, Ä°lknur; Ä°lhan, AyĆe Elif; FesçioÄlu, Ece Cana; ĂztĂŒrk, GĂŒrkan; Yıldırım, SĂŒleyman (2018-07-20).
1860:
Respiration and metabolism of embryonic vertebrates: Satellite Symposium of the 29th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Sydney, Australia, 1983
4481:
2202:
Wainwright, P. C.; Sanford, C. P.; Reilly, S. M.; Lauder, G. V. (1989). "Evolution of motor patterns: aquatic feeding in salamanders and ray-finned fishes".
4451:
2536:
Masselink, Wouter, and Elly M. Tanaka. "Toward Whole Tissue Imaging of Axolotl Regeneration." Developmental Dynamics, vol. 250, no. 6, 2020, pp. 800â806.,
905:
in order for the axolotl to go through metamorphosis; therefore, it keeps its gills and lives in water all its life, even after it becomes an adult and is
4471:
4088:
598:
Their heads are wide, and their eyes are lidless. Their limbs are underdeveloped and possess long, thin digits. Males are identified by their swollen
4456:
2243:
916:
is the cause of complete neoteny in laboratory and pet axolotls. The genes responsible have been narrowed down to a small chromosomal region called
4506:
710:. The axolotl is currently on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's annual Red List of threatened species. Non-native fish, such as
718:, have also recently been introduced to the waters. These new fish have been eating the axolotls' young, as well as their primary source of food.
675:
Lake Xochimilco, Mexico City (Amanecer en Xochimilco). The native habitat of axolotls is important to the study of preservation and conservation.
4526:
4309:
4073:
1511:
1055:
are other neotenic salamanders, although unlike axolotls, they cannot be induced to metamorphose by an injection of iodine or thyroxine hormone.
4476:
4098:
912:
The genes responsible for neoteny in laboratory animals may have been identified; however, they are not linked in wild populations, suggesting
510:
2079:
4361:
4083:
4078:
3744:
2154:
3483:
1569:
958:. Two iodinated tyrosyl residues are conjugated together. When they are cleaved from the thyroglobulin chain, thyroid hormone is obtained.
1716:"Opportunities and short-comings of the axolotl salamander heart as a model system of human single ventricle and excessive trabeculation"
541:
spp.), fully aquatic salamanders from a different family that are not closely related to the axolotl but bear a superficial resemblance.
4116:
4064:
4226:
3835:
2104:
4521:
4283:
3105:
4335:
3427:
3774:
4486:
4466:
1912:
1875:
4340:
3724:
1552:
483:
91:
4008:
2494:
Pedersen, Katherine; Rasmussen, Rikke Kongsgaard; Dittrich, Anita; Pedersen, Michael; Lauridsen, Henrik (April 17, 2020).
1617:
1323:
2239:"A review of the theories of vertebrate neurulation and their relationship to the mechanics of neural tube birth defects"
17:
3517:
4511:
4501:
3316:"Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum"
2805:
2001:
Frost, Sally K.; Briggs, Fran; Malacinski, George M. (1984). "A color atlas of pigment genes in the Mexican axolotl (
3934:"100 000s of People from 112 Countries Select Names for Exoplanet Systems In Celebration of IAU's 100th Anniversary"
1205:
In captivity, axolotls eat a variety of readily available foods, including trout and salmon pellets, frozen or live
893:, in which they lose their gills and start living on land. However, the axolotl is unusual in that it has a lack of
3938:
610:
are hidden underneath the external gills, which prevent food from entering and allow particles to filter through.
42:
4366:
3172:
Robles-Mendoza, C.; GarcĂa-Basilio, C.; Cram-Heydrich, S.; HernĂĄndez-Quiroz, M.; Vanegas-PĂ©rez, C. (2009-02-01).
1279:
621:, during which their rakers interlock to close the gill slits. External gills are used for respiration, although
3860:
4221:
739:. However, a terrestrial population of Mexican tiger salamanders occupies and breeds in the axolotl's habitat.
4213:
2625:
1045:
Many other species within the axolotl's genus are also either entirely neotenic or have neotenic populations.
4173:
843:
that may be responsible for limb regeneration. Although the axolotl genome is about 10 times as large as the
803:
The feature of the axolotl that attracts most attention is its healing ability: the axolotl does not heal by
791:
and tube formation; the axolotl's neural tube, unlike the frog's, is not hidden under a layer of superficial
118:
1103:
large body of water, but rather a small series of artificial channels, small lakes, and temporary wetlands.
839:
was published in 2018 and was the largest animal genome completed at the time. It revealed species-specific
4496:
3174:"Organophosphorus pesticides effect on early stages of the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum (Amphibia: Caudata)"
2977:
Krylov, O. A. (January 1961). "The role of haloids (bromine and iodine) in the metamorphosis of amphibia".
2915:
Ingram, W. R. (1 December 1928). "Metamorphosis of the Colorado Axolotl by Injection of Inorganic Iodine".
3132:
1343:' trend of adding endangered species to the game to raise awareness. They were also added to its spin-off
1313:
4322:
4244:
934:
894:
4249:
4103:
971:
precursor in thyroxine biosynthesis, causes metamorphosis in axolotls that have their thyroids removed.
815:
It is believed that during limb generation, axolotls have a different system to regulate their internal
1595:
979:, triggers metamorphosis when injected. This is because diiodotyrosine and thyroxine is produced when I
421:
4024:"Axo got a new style just in time for @maisie_williams & @reubenSelby's hand-picked Locker Bundle"
3173:
1327:(1999), is directly based on an axolotl. The looks of the dragons Toothless and The Night Fury in the
602:
lined with papillae, while females are noticeable for their wider bodies full of eggs. Three pairs of
155:
4516:
4491:
3725:
A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification
1385:
711:
271:
38:
2942:
Dvoskin, Samuel (May 1947). "The Thyroxine-Like Action of Elemental Iodine in the Rat and Chick1".
2339:
1400:
1329:
1199:
1001:
671:
63:
3810:
3229:"Response of a native endangered axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum (Amphibia), to exotic fish predator"
2433:
Goodwin, James W.; Pinto, Alexander R.; Rosenthal, Nadia A. (June 4, 2013). Olson, Eric N. (ed.).
1456:
3274:
Parra-Plea, G; Zamudio, K.R.; Recuero, E.; Aguilar-=Miguel, X.; Huaxuz, D.; Zambrano, L. (2011).
2158:
1375:
890:
848:
267:
4405:
3495:
2238:
1573:
4461:
4314:
4135:
3984:
2272:
1405:
1357:
808:
655:
Albino: pale pink or white, with red eyes, which is more common in axolotls than other species.
533:), which are widespread in much of North America and occasionally become paedomorphic, or with
518:
3050:
4400:
2302:
855:
sizes (22,759 bp) which are 13, 16 and 25 times that observed in human (1,750 bp),
506:
250:
4392:
4187:
3381:"The potential of temporary shelters to increase survival of the endangered Mexican axolotl"
3051:"The history of the oldest self-sustaining laboratory animal: 150 years of axolotl research"
2182:
1145:
4428:
4270:
4182:
4027:
3598:
3392:
3327:
3185:
3062:
2834:
2751:
2570:
2448:
2187:
1727:
913:
4353:
3961:
2080:"Lake Xochimilco, Borough of Xochimilco in southern MĂ©xico City, 162 L âą Biotope Aquarium"
1228:
There is some evidence that axolotls might seek out appropriately-sized gravel for use as
929:
conditions, metamorphosis is reliably induced by administering either the thyroid hormone
509:
in the wild, with a decreasing population of around 50 to 1,000 adult individuals, by the
8:
3933:
3171:
3031:
1645:
1233:
972:
577:
103:
4023:
3602:
3396:
3331:
3189:
3066:
2838:
2755:
2574:
2452:
1731:
983:
reacts with proteins other than thyroglobulin. If given in a bath instead of injected, I
557:
529:
Axolotls may be confused with the larval stage of the closely related tiger salamander (
4110:
3706:
3408:
3356:
3315:
3295:
3256:
3109:
2897:
2772:
2735:
2711:
2684:
2519:
2471:
2434:
2410:
2383:
2364:
2061:
2032:
Pietsch, Paul; Schneider, Carl W. (1985). "Vision and the skin camouflage reactions of
2018:
1862:, Perspectives in vertebrate science, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 55â69,
1756:
1715:
1696:
1345:
1150:
1018:
723:
299:
150:
3544:
3197:
3133:"Water quality in Lake Xochimilco, Mexico: zooplankton indicators and Vibrio cholerae"
1841:
San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, California) 7 August 1887, page 9, authored by
1305:
1161:
1023:
517:(CITES). Axolotls are used extensively in scientific research due to their ability to
4387:
4257:
3698:
3659:
3628:
3548:
3435:
3412:
3361:
3343:
3291:
3260:
3248:
3209:
3201:
3154:
3086:
3078:
2959:
2862:
2857:
2822:
2801:
2777:
2716:
2606:
2598:
2593:
2523:
2500:
2476:
2415:
2356:
2319:
2252:
2219:
2053:
2049:
1966:
1918:
1908:
1871:
1761:
1743:
1700:
1688:
1680:
1660:
1291:
1106:
1046:
1028:
909:. Neoteny is the term for reaching sexual maturity without undergoing metamorphosis.
778:, which allows viewing of the full development of a vertebrate. Axolotls are used in
3710:
3299:
2514:
2495:
2368:
2337:
Roy, S; Gatien, S (November 2008). "Regeneration in axolotls: a model to aim for!".
2065:
1433:
3690:
3651:
3610:
3606:
3540:
3400:
3351:
3335:
3287:
3275:
3240:
3227:
Alcaraz, Guillermina; LĂłpez-Portela, Xarini; Robles-Mendoza, Cecilia (2015-07-01).
3193:
3144:
3070:
2986:
2951:
2924:
2889:
2852:
2842:
2767:
2759:
2706:
2696:
2660:
2588:
2578:
2561:
2509:
2466:
2456:
2405:
2395:
2348:
2311:
2281:
2211:
2045:
2014:
1984:
1956:
1863:
1822:
1751:
1735:
1672:
1451:
1410:
860:
696:
455:
429:
376:
95:
4262:
4093:
3629:"Recommendations for the Care of Amphibians and Reptiles in Academic Institutions"
4374:
4053:
3909:
3751:
3731:
2683:
Crowner, Anne; Khatri, Shivam; Blichmann, Dana; Voss, S. Randal (12 April 2019).
2298:
1370:
1355:. An anthropomorphic Axolotl named Axo was also added as a purchasable outfit in
1206:
1071:
that are caused by deficiencies in food and, in particular, iodine, which causes
906:
840:
728:
688:
618:
494:
475:
227:
4418:
3586:
2685:"Rediscovering the Axolotl as a Model for Thyroid Hormone Dependent Development"
2352:
2315:
1867:
1094:
provides limited support (BLAST, JBrowse tracks, genome download) for Axolotls.
3655:
3339:
3007:
2763:
2649:: Its Biology and Developmental Genetics, and Its Autonomous Cell-lethal Genes"
2440:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1811:: Its Biology and Developmental Genetics, and Its Autonomous Cell-Lethal Genes"
1739:
1676:
1351:
1340:
1140:
1080:
964:
878:
771:
757:
622:
617:
teeth, which develop during metamorphosis. The primary method of feeding is by
603:
591:
467:
217:
3244:
3149:
1922:
1855:
1317:(2002), take some visual inspiration from axolotls. Additionally, the Pokemon
4445:
4348:
4049:
3439:
3347:
3252:
3205:
3158:
3082:
3055:
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution
2928:
2847:
2701:
2602:
1747:
1684:
1442:
1294:
1169:
The axolotl is a popular exotic pet like its relative, the tiger salamander (
1034:
968:
955:
779:
463:
123:
4327:
3642:
Clayton, Leigh Ann; Gore, Stacey R. (2007). "Amphibian Emergency Medicine".
3228:
2461:
553:
A captive leucistic axolotl, perhaps the most well known form of the axolotl
4158:
3702:
3663:
3552:
3365:
3213:
3090:
2963:
2781:
2720:
2665:
2644:
2610:
2480:
2419:
2360:
2323:
2285:
1970:
1902:
1827:
1806:
1765:
1692:
1481:
1267:
1259:
1174:
844:
820:
788:
614:
470:. The species was originally found in several lakes underlying what is now
4379:
4236:
3811:"Mexico's axolotl, a cartoon hero and genetic marvel, fights for survival"
3459:
2955:
2866:
2256:
2223:
2057:
636:
82:
4296:
4195:
4167:
4009:"Fortnite v13.40 Leaked Skins: Axo, Castaway Jonesy, Crustina & More"
3694:
3428:"Mexico wants you to adopt an axolotl, the amphibian that never grows up"
2557:"The axolotl genome and the evolution of key tissue formation regulators"
1961:
1940:
1245:
1229:
1218:
1189:
1064:
1013:
784:
707:
692:
607:
479:
471:
3074:
2583:
2556:
1945:), a Neotenic Amphibian, Expresses Functional Thyroid Hormone Receptors"
762:
4288:
4200:
3273:
2990:
2901:
1390:
1059:
816:
792:
715:
706:
The wild population has been put under heavy pressure by the growth of
490:
486:, leading to the destruction of much of the axolotl's natural habitat.
451:
207:
2880:
Swingle, W. W. (November 1923). "Iodine and Amphibian Metamorphosis".
2736:"Experimentally induced metamorphosis in highly regenerative axolotl (
2400:
2215:
1012:
Six adult axolotls (including a leucistic specimen) were shipped from
658:
Melanoid: all black or dark blue with no gold speckling or olive tone.
4301:
3404:
1842:
1335:
1333:
movies are based on axolotls. They were also added to the video game
1283:
1210:
1154:
1072:
1068:
930:
902:
832:
570:
459:
197:
167:
4129:
3587:"The Aquarium Trade as an Invasion Pathway in the Pacific Northwest"
3567:
2893:
2382:
Vieira, Warren A.; Wells, Kaylee M.; McCusker, Catherine D. (2020).
679:
511:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
4152:
3585:
Strecker, Angela L.; Campbell, Philip M.; Olden, Julian D. (2011).
3380:
2537:
1431:
1380:
1275:
1183:
1179:
1076:
1051:
534:
187:
3276:"Conservation genetics of threatened Mexican axolotls (Ambystoma)"
3226:
2823:"The role of thyroid hormone in zebrafish and axolotl development"
1000:
An axolotl that has gone through metamorphosis resembles an adult
4031:
3966:
2733:
2493:
2435:"Macrophages are required for adult salamander limb regeneration"
1854:
McIndoe, Rosemary; Smith, D. G. (1984), Seymour, Roger S. (ed.),
1278:
on its back. It was recognized as "Bank Note of the Year" by the
1252:
1214:
1091:
951:
898:
882:
872:
851:, but such repeated elements also contribute to increased median
736:
628:
498:
448:
4275:
2795:
1520:
Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0
1110:
Lake Xochimilco is the only native habitat left for the axolotl.
4208:
4068:
3677:
Gresens, Jill (2004). "An Introduction to the Mexican Axolotl (
3131:
Nandini, Sarma; GarcĂa, Pedro Ramirez; Sarma, S. S. S. (2016).
1996:
1994:
1713:
1318:
1308:
1263:
1248:
988:
852:
836:
775:
599:
565:
177:
4109:
2384:"Advancements to the Axolotl Model for Regeneration and Aging"
2130:"Endangered 'water monster' Axolotl found in Mexico City lake"
1985:"18 Types of Axolotl Colors You Can Own (Axolotl Color Guide)"
1938:
1427:
1425:
403:
4413:
3745:
Gastroliths â How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Gravel.
3460:"Axolotls â Requirements & Water Conditions in Captivity"
3312:
2201:
1298:
1271:
886:
856:
523:
502:
140:
134:
2554:
1991:
1781:"Mythic Salamander Faces Crucial Test: Survival in the Wild"
881:
which are unable to live on dry land, often being dubbed as
549:
3836:"Mexican axolotl will be the new image of the 50 peso bill"
3644:
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice
3530:
2036:
larvae: the effects of eye transplants and brain lesions".
1422:
1287:
804:
466:. Instead of taking to the land, adults remain aquatic and
391:
4124:
3378:
2682:
1221:, but care should be taken as fish may contain parasites.
787:
closure due to the similarities between human and axolotl
497:, as well as the introduction of invasive species such as
397:
1395:
482:. These lakes were drained by Spanish settlers after the
382:
4099:
Mystical amphibian venerated by Aztecs nears extinction
3049:
ReiĂ, Christian; Olsson, Lennart; HoĂfeld, Uwe (2015).
515:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
3385:
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
2177:
2175:
3584:
2432:
2000:
1904:
Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution
1856:"Functional morphology of gills in larval amphibians"
1202:, are often added to the water to prevent infection.
388:
385:
3379:
Ramos, A.G.; Mena-Gonzalez, H.; Zambrano, L (2021).
400:
394:
3962:""Minecraft Live: Caves & Cliffs - First Look""
2381:
2172:
379:
3130:
3008:"Axolotls - Metamorphosed & Tiger Salamanders"
2270:Armstrong, John B. (1985). "The axolotl mutants".
1618:"Are Axolotls Endangered? You Need To Be CarefulâŠ"
770:Today, the axolotl is still used in research as a
493:due to urbanization in Mexico City and consequent
4120:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 63.
3048:
2244:Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology
1534:
1086:
721:Axolotls are members of the tiger salamander, or
4443:
2794:Chapter 49, "Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones" in:
2330:
2155:"Mexico City's 'water monster' nears extinction"
2031:
1615:
1509:
687:The axolotl is native only to the freshwater of
462:in that it reaches adulthood without undergoing
2827:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2105:"Mexico's 'water monster' may have disappeared"
1658:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
2740:) under constant diet restructures microbiota"
1779:Tickell, Sofia Castello Y. (30 October 2012).
1165:Axolotl in a pet store in Melbourne, Australia
513:(IUCN) and is listed under Appendix II of the
2979:Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
2096:
1562:
1457:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T1095A53947343.en
1258:They appear in the works of Mexican muralist
4482:Critically endangered fauna of North America
4021:
1853:
1644:(Television series). Dartmoor, England, UK:
1432:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020).
1022:in Paris in 1863. Unaware of their neoteny,
4452:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
3796:
3641:
3631:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
2814:
2796:Walter F. Boron; Emile L. Boulpaep (2012).
1798:
1593:
23:
4472:Animals bred for albinism on a large scale
4084:Follow the Eggs and Hatchlings (2nd Batch)
3734:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 (1): 1â16
2678:
2676:
2642:
2183:"Ambystoma mexicanum (Salamandra ajolote)"
1804:
920:, which contains several candidate genes.
751:
731:, along with all other Mexican species of
112:
81:
24:
4074:Follow the Eggs, Hatchlings and Juveniles
3959:
3355:
3148:
2856:
2846:
2788:
2771:
2710:
2700:
2664:
2617:
2592:
2582:
2513:
2470:
2460:
2409:
2399:
2336:
2269:
2102:
1960:
1826:
1755:
1455:
1270:banknote featuring an axolotl along with
4457:Amphibians described in the 18th century
4104:The animal thatâs everywhere and nowhere
3622:
3620:
3524:
1659:Sandoval-GuzmĂĄn, Tatiana (August 2023).
1634:
1239:
1188:
1160:
1144:
1105:
761:
678:
670:
635:
627:
576:
564:
556:
548:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
4507:Taxa named by Frederick Polydore Nodder
3775:"Common Disease Conditions in Axolotls"
3676:
3670:
3103:
2941:
2879:
2673:
1900:
1778:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1476:
1474:
1040:
640:Axolotls displaying variations in color
14:
4527:Species endangered by invasive species
4444:
2976:
2914:
2236:
666:
428:
4477:Critically endangered biota of Mexico
4134:
4133:
3861:"Billete de 50 pesos de la familia G"
3626:
3617:
3002:
3000:
2821:Brown, Donald D. (25 November 1997).
2820:
2550:
2548:
2546:
1934:
1932:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1805:Malacinski, George M. (Spring 1978).
1648:. 2009-11-11. Event occurs at 00:25.
1157:, with less pigmentation than normal.
877:Most amphibians begin their lives as
649:Leucistic: pale pink with black eyes.
561:Face of a common or wild type axolotl
3425:
2643:Malacinski, George M. (1978-05-01).
1522:. American Museum of Natural History
1498:
1471:
937:. The former is more commonly used.
344:Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854
3772:
3518:"Axolotls: Keeping a Water Monster"
3515:
3106:"Iodine and Evolution. DIMI-Marche"
2800:(2nd ed.). Elsevier/Saunders.
2623:
1596:"Axolotl verges on wild extinction"
1443:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
889:, they go through a process called
56:
3533:Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
3042:
2997:
2636:
2543:
2072:
2019:10.1111/j.1432-0436.1984.tb01393.x
1929:
1889:
1616:PetAquariums.com (22 April 2020).
975:, which contains both iodide and I
57:
4538:
4041:
4022:@FortniteGame (August 11, 2021).
3565:
3484:"Caudata Culture Species Entry â
3198:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.087
2917:Experimental Biology and Medicine
1572:. Aquarium Online. Archived from
1266:released a new design for its 50-
1058:Neoteny has been observed in all
489:As of 2020, the axolotl was near
3939:International Astronomical Union
3426:PaĂșl, MarĂa Luisa (2023-12-01).
3292:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00488.x
2538:https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.282
1542:"Mexican Walking Fish, Axolotls
1324:Pokémon Gold, Silver and Crystal
923:
375:
154:
4522:Species endangered by pollution
4094:University of KY Axolotl Colony
4015:
4001:
3977:
3953:
3926:
3902:
3878:
3853:
3828:
3785:from the original on 2020-08-04
3766:
3756:
3737:
3717:
3635:
3578:
3559:
3509:
3476:
3452:
3419:
3372:
3306:
3267:
3220:
3165:
3124:
3097:
3024:
2970:
2935:
2908:
2873:
2727:
2530:
2515:10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04015
2487:
2426:
2375:
2292:
2263:
2230:
2195:
2157:. November 2008. Archived from
2147:
2122:
2025:
1977:
1847:
1835:
1772:
1707:
1642:Weird Creatures with Nick Baker
1280:International Bank Note Society
1244:The species is named after the
1134:
967:, an analogue of the iodinated
835:long sequence of the axolotl's
798:
652:Xanthic: grey, with black eyes.
3886:"Banknote of 2021 Nominations"
3611:10.1577/03632415.2011.10389070
1652:
1609:
1587:
1087:Online Model Organism Database
766:Leucistic axolotl in captivity
544:
13:
1:
3960:Minecraft (October 3, 2020).
3545:10.1016/s0301-5629(99)00040-x
2204:Brain, Behavior and Evolution
1416:
1349:in 2022 and are available in
1311:and its evolutions, added in
1301:, was named AxĂłlotl in 2019.
863:(906 bp), respectively.
613:Axolotls have barely visible
4487:Endemic amphibians of Mexico
4467:Animal testing on amphibians
4079:Mating Dance and Laying Eggs
3773:Loh, Richmond (2015-05-15).
2624:Ley, Willy (February 1968).
2103:Stevenson, M. (2014-01-28).
2050:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90772-3
484:conquest of the Aztec Empire
7:
3985:"The Guardian Battle 21180"
2353:10.1016/j.exger.2008.09.003
2316:10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.022
1901:Kardong, Kenneth V (2019).
1868:10.1007/978-94-009-6536-2_4
1364:
987:has no effect on axolotls.
935:thyroid-stimulating hormone
895:thyroid-stimulating hormone
604:external gill stalks (rami)
284:IUCN range of the axolotl.
10:
4543:
3656:10.1016/j.cvex.2007.02.004
3340:10.1038/s41598-017-00059-1
3032:"Transition & Feeding"
2764:10.1038/s41598-018-29373-y
2689:Frontiers in Endocrinology
2626:"Epitaph for a Lonely Olm"
1740:10.1038/s41598-022-24442-9
1677:10.1038/s41592-023-01961-5
1594:Matt Walker (2009-08-26).
1570:"Axolotols (Walking Fish)"
1138:
1097:
1007:
897:, which is needed for the
870:
866:
755:
61:
4512:Taxa named by George Shaw
4142:
3914:www.nameexoworlds.iau.org
3245:10.1007/s10750-015-2194-4
3150:10.4081/jlimnol.2015.1213
2594:21.11116/0000-0003-F659-4
1907:. McGraw-Hill Education.
1510:Frost, Darrel R. (2018).
1386:Lake Patzcuaro salamander
1339:in 2020. It is following
1314:Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire
950:), which reacts with the
826:
703:leading from Xochimilco.
305:
298:
283:
279:
256:
249:
151:Scientific classification
149:
132:
110:
101:
89:
80:
75:
4502:Regenerative biomedicine
4089:Indiana U Axolotl Colony
2929:10.3181/00379727-26-4212
2848:10.1073/pnas.94.24.13011
2702:10.3389/fendo.2019.00237
2628:. For Your Information.
2340:Experimental Gerontology
2300:(Ambystoma mexicanum)".
1516:(Shaw and Nodder, 1798)"
1401:Regenerative biomedicine
1330:How to Train Your Dragon
1217:. Axolotls can also eat
1083:, as it does in humans.
1002:plateau tiger salamander
64:Axolotl (disambiguation)
39:latest accepted revision
4117:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4059:considered for deletion
2882:The Biological Bulletin
2462:10.1073/pnas.1300290110
2251:(Supplement): 229â255.
1376:Barred tiger salamander
752:Use as a model organism
742:
454:closely related to the
425:
312:Shaw and Nodder, 1798
2645:"The Mexican Axolotl,
2630:Galaxy Science Fiction
2286:10.1002/dvg.1020060102
2273:Developmental Genetics
1807:"The Mexican Axolotl,
1406:Texas blind salamander
1358:Fortnite Battle Royale
1195:
1166:
1158:
1111:
807:and is capable of the
767:
684:
676:
641:
633:
586:
574:
562:
554:
458:. It is unusual among
4401:Paleobiology Database
3627:Pough, F. H. (1992).
3568:"Health and Diseases"
3280:American Conservation
2956:10.1210/endo-40-5-334
2303:Developmental Biology
1240:Cultural significance
1200:Holtfreter's solution
1192:
1164:
1148:
1109:
765:
682:
674:
639:
631:
580:
568:
560:
552:
507:critically endangered
430:[aËËÊoËloËtÉŹ]
119:Critically Endangered
59:Species of salamander
3695:10.1038/laban1004-41
3137:Journal of Limnology
3104:Venturi, S. (2004).
2666:10.1093/icb/18.2.195
2188:Animal Diversity Web
1962:10.1210/en.2003-0913
1828:10.1093/icb/18.2.195
1482:"Appendices | CITES"
1450:: e.T1095A53947343.
1182:, commonly added to
1041:In other salamanders
914:artificial selection
859:(1,469 bp) and
849:repetitive sequences
349:Amblystoma weismanni
62:For other uses, see
4497:Population genetics
4227:Ambystoma-mexicanum
4214:ambystoma-mexicanum
4188:Ambystoma_mexicanum
4174:Ambystoma mexicanum
4144:Ambystoma mexicanum
3942:. December 17, 2019
3679:Ambystoma mexicanum
3603:2011Fish...36...74S
3486:Ambystoma mexicanum
3397:2021ACMFE..31.1535R
3332:2017NatSR...7....6W
3190:2009Chmsp..74..703R
3075:10.1002/jez.b.22617
3067:2015JEZB..324..393R
2839:1997PNAS...9413011B
2833:(24): 13011â13016.
2756:2018NatSR...810974D
2738:Ambystoma mexicanum
2647:Ambystoma mexicanum
2584:10.1038/nature25458
2575:2018Natur.554...50N
2453:2013PNAS..110.9415G
2237:Gordon, R. (1985).
2003:Ambystoma mexicanum
1943:Ambystoma mexicanum
1809:Ambystoma mexicanum
1732:2022NatSR..1220491M
1646:The Science Channel
1544:Ambystoma mexicanum
1514:Ambystoma mexicanum
1436:Ambystoma mexicanum
1361:on August 9, 2020.
1346:Minecraft: Dungeons
819:level and suppress
667:Habitat and ecology
583:Ambystoma mexicanum
444:Ambystoma mexicanum
352:Wiedersheim, 1879
291:Ambystoma mexicanum
260:Ambystoma mexicanum
104:Conservation status
29:Page version status
18:Ambystoma mexicanum
3865:www.banxico.org.mx
3750:2020-09-22 at the
3730:2016-03-04 at the
3320:Scientific Reports
2991:10.1007/BF00796048
2798:Medical Physiology
2744:Scientific Reports
2653:American Zoologist
2632:. pp. 95â104.
2111:. Associated Press
1987:. August 14, 2019.
1815:American Zoologist
1785:The New York Times
1720:Scientific Reports
1196:
1171:Ambystoma tigrinum
1167:
1159:
1151:Vancouver Aquarium
1149:These axolotls at
1112:
1019:Jardin des Plantes
768:
724:Ambystoma tigrinum
685:
677:
642:
634:
587:
575:
563:
555:
505:. It is listed as
341:Siredon Humboldtii
35:
4439:
4438:
4388:Open Tree of Life
4136:Taxon identifiers
3840:The Yucatan Times
3516:Wiegert, Joshua.
2501:The FASEB Journal
2447:(23): 9415â9420.
2401:10.1159/000504294
2216:10.1159/000116519
1914:978-1-259-70091-0
1877:978-94-009-6536-2
1558:on 15 March 2018.
1029:Ambystoma velasci
907:able to reproduce
581:Axolotl's gills (
422:Classical Nahuatl
367:
366:
361:
353:
345:
337:
329:
321:
317:Siren pisciformis
313:
309:Gyrinus mexicanus
242:A. mexicanum
144:
127:
92:National Aquarium
47:15 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
4534:
4517:Valley of Mexico
4492:Mole salamanders
4432:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4409:
4408:
4396:
4395:
4383:
4382:
4370:
4369:
4357:
4356:
4344:
4343:
4331:
4330:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4304:
4292:
4291:
4279:
4278:
4266:
4265:
4253:
4252:
4240:
4239:
4230:
4229:
4217:
4216:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4131:
4130:
4121:
4113:
4062:
4036:
4035:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4011:. 5 August 2020.
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3910:"Approved names"
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3807:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3741:
3735:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3494:. Archived from
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3405:10.1002/aqc.3520
3391:(6): 1535â1542.
3376:
3370:
3369:
3359:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3108:. Archived from
3101:
3095:
3094:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3036:Morphed Axolotls
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3004:
2995:
2994:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2596:
2586:
2552:
2541:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2403:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2084:Biotope Aquarium
2076:
2070:
2069:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2013:(1â3): 182â188.
1998:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1898:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1671:(8): 1117â1119.
1656:
1650:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1622:PetAquariums.com
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:on 10 April 2013
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1551:. Archived from
1550:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1429:
1411:Texas salamander
973:Lugol's solution
841:genetic pathways
697:Valley of Mexico
456:tiger salamander
440:
439:
438:
432:
419:
418:
417:
416:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
359:
351:
343:
335:
333:Axolotes guttata
327:
319:
311:
288:
262:
159:
158:
138:
121:
116:
115:
96:Washington, D.C.
85:
73:
72:
21:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4427:
4425:
4417:
4412:
4404:
4399:
4391:
4386:
4378:
4375:Observation.org
4373:
4365:
4360:
4352:
4347:
4339:
4334:
4326:
4321:
4313:
4308:
4300:
4295:
4287:
4282:
4274:
4269:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4243:
4235:
4233:
4225:
4220:
4212:
4207:
4199:
4194:
4186:
4181:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4138:
4111:"Axolotl"
4108:
4047:
4044:
4039:
4020:
4016:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3993:
3991:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3958:
3954:
3945:
3943:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3918:
3916:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3894:
3892:
3890:www.theibns.org
3884:
3883:
3879:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3845:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3820:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3797:
3788:
3786:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3752:Wayback Machine
3742:
3738:
3732:Wayback Machine
3722:
3718:
3675:
3671:
3640:
3636:
3625:
3618:
3583:
3579:
3566:Clare, John P.
3564:
3560:
3529:
3525:
3514:
3510:
3501:
3499:
3492:www.caudata.org
3482:
3481:
3477:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3444:
3442:
3432:Washington Post
3424:
3420:
3377:
3373:
3311:
3307:
3272:
3268:
3225:
3221:
3170:
3166:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3112:on 4 March 2017
3102:
3098:
3047:
3043:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3016:
3014:
3012:www.axolotl.org
3006:
3005:
2998:
2975:
2971:
2940:
2936:
2913:
2909:
2894:10.2307/1536749
2878:
2874:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2793:
2789:
2732:
2728:
2681:
2674:
2641:
2637:
2622:
2618:
2569:(7690): 50â55.
2553:
2544:
2535:
2531:
2492:
2488:
2431:
2427:
2380:
2376:
2335:
2331:
2297:
2293:
2268:
2264:
2235:
2231:
2200:
2196:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2134:The Independent
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2030:
2026:
2007:Differentiation
1999:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1937:
1930:
1915:
1899:
1890:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1777:
1773:
1712:
1708:
1657:
1653:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1614:
1610:
1601:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1371:Amphibious fish
1367:
1242:
1198:Salts, such as
1143:
1137:
1100:
1089:
1043:
1024:Auguste Duméril
1010:
994:
993:
992:
986:
982:
978:
949:
926:
879:aquatic animals
875:
869:
831:The 32 billion
829:
801:
760:
754:
745:
729:species complex
712:African tilapia
689:Lake Xochimilco
669:
547:
495:water pollution
476:Lake Xochimilco
434:
433:
412:
411:
378:
374:
325:Siredon axolotl
294:
289: Axolotl (
286:
275:
264:
258:
245:
153:
145:
128:
117:
113:
106:
67:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4540:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4423:
4410:
4397:
4384:
4371:
4358:
4345:
4332:
4319:
4306:
4293:
4280:
4267:
4254:
4241:
4231:
4218:
4205:
4192:
4179:
4164:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:Ambystomatidae
4043:
4042:External links
4040:
4038:
4037:
4030:) – via
4014:
4000:
3976:
3952:
3925:
3901:
3877:
3852:
3827:
3795:
3765:
3755:
3736:
3716:
3669:
3650:(2): 587â620.
3634:
3616:
3577:
3558:
3539:(6): 969â975.
3523:
3508:
3475:
3451:
3418:
3371:
3305:
3266:
3219:
3184:(5): 703â710.
3164:
3123:
3096:
3061:(5): 393â404.
3041:
3023:
2996:
2985:(1): 724â727.
2969:
2950:(5): 334â352.
2934:
2907:
2888:(5): 229â253.
2872:
2813:
2806:
2787:
2726:
2672:
2659:(2): 195â206.
2635:
2616:
2542:
2529:
2486:
2425:
2394:(3): 212â222.
2374:
2347:(11): 968â73.
2329:
2310:(2): 227â239.
2291:
2262:
2229:
2210:(6): 329â341.
2194:
2171:
2146:
2121:
2095:
2071:
2038:Brain Research
2024:
1990:
1976:
1955:(2): 760â772.
1941:"The Axolotl (
1928:
1913:
1888:
1876:
1846:
1834:
1821:(2): 195â206.
1797:
1771:
1706:
1665:Nature Methods
1651:
1633:
1608:
1586:
1561:
1533:
1497:
1470:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1352:Lego Minecraft
1341:Mojang Studios
1241:
1238:
1175:poikilothermic
1173:). As for all
1141:Herpetoculture
1136:
1133:
1099:
1096:
1088:
1085:
1081:hypothyroidism
1042:
1039:
1009:
1006:
984:
980:
976:
965:Diiodotyrosine
947:
943:Role of iodine
941:
940:
939:
925:
922:
871:Main article:
868:
865:
828:
825:
800:
797:
772:model organism
758:Model organism
753:
750:
744:
741:
668:
665:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
632:Buccal pumping
623:buccal pumping
592:external gills
546:
543:
365:
364:
363:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
328:Wagler, 1830
322:
314:
303:
302:
296:
295:
285:
281:
280:
277:
276:
265:
254:
253:
247:
246:
239:
237:
233:
232:
225:
221:
220:
218:Ambystomatidae
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
147:
146:
133:
130:
129:
111:
108:
107:
102:
99:
98:
87:
86:
78:
77:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4539:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:Animal models
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4430:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4010:
4004:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3630:
3623:
3621:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3512:
3498:on 2016-03-15
3497:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3479:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3233:Hydrobiologia
3230:
3223:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2944:Endocrinology
2938:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2807:9781437717532
2803:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2539:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2161:on 2011-07-23
2160:
2156:
2150:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:Endocrinology
1946:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:"The axolotl"
1655:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1597:
1590:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:constellation
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1035:Julian Huxley
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1005:
1003:
998:
990:
974:
970:
969:thyroglobulin
966:
963:
959:
957:
956:thyroglobulin
953:
944:
938:
936:
932:
924:Metamorphosis
921:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:metamorphosis
888:
884:
880:
874:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
824:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
796:
794:
790:
786:
781:
777:
773:
764:
759:
749:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:
719:
717:
713:
709:
704:
700:
698:
694:
690:
681:
673:
664:
657:
654:
651:
648:
647:
646:
638:
630:
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
596:
593:
584:
579:
572:
569:The speckled
567:
559:
551:
542:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:metamorphosis
461:
457:
453:
450:
446:
445:
437:
431:
427:
423:
415:
408:
372:
358:
357:Siredon edule
355:
350:
347:
342:
339:
334:
331:
326:
323:
318:
315:
310:
307:
306:
304:
301:
297:
292:
282:
278:
273:
269:
263:
261:
255:
252:
251:Binomial name
248:
244:
243:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
157:
152:
148:
142:
136:
131:
125:
120:
109:
105:
100:
97:
93:
88:
84:
79:
74:
71:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
4143:
4115:
4052:
4017:
4003:
3992:. Retrieved
3989:www.lego.com
3988:
3979:
3971:
3965:
3955:
3944:. Retrieved
3937:
3928:
3917:. Retrieved
3913:
3904:
3893:. Retrieved
3889:
3880:
3869:. Retrieved
3867:(in Spanish)
3864:
3855:
3844:. Retrieved
3842:. 2020-02-21
3839:
3830:
3819:. Retrieved
3817:. 2018-11-20
3814:
3787:. Retrieved
3778:
3768:
3758:
3739:
3719:
3689:(9): 41â47.
3686:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3597:(2): 74â85.
3594:
3590:
3580:
3571:
3561:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3511:
3500:. Retrieved
3496:the original
3491:
3485:
3478:
3467:. Retrieved
3463:
3454:
3443:. Retrieved
3431:
3421:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3323:
3319:
3308:
3286:(1): 61â72.
3283:
3279:
3269:
3239:(1): 73â80.
3236:
3232:
3222:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3116:25 September
3114:. Retrieved
3110:the original
3099:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3015:. Retrieved
3011:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2797:
2790:
2750:(1): 10974.
2747:
2743:
2737:
2729:
2692:
2688:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2638:
2629:
2619:
2566:
2560:
2532:
2505:
2499:
2489:
2444:
2438:
2428:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2307:
2301:
2294:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2248:
2242:
2232:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2186:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:the original
2149:
2138:. Retrieved
2136:. 2014-02-24
2133:
2124:
2113:. Retrieved
2108:
2098:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:
2074:
2044:(1): 37â60.
2041:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1979:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1903:
1881:, retrieved
1859:
1849:
1837:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:
1774:
1726:(1): 20491.
1723:
1719:
1709:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1641:
1636:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:
1611:
1600:. Retrieved
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:the original
1564:
1553:the original
1543:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1519:
1513:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:
1461:. Retrieved
1447:
1441:
1435:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1312:
1303:
1260:Diego Rivera
1257:
1243:
1227:
1223:
1204:
1197:
1170:
1168:
1135:Captive care
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1101:
1090:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1027:
1017:
1011:
999:
995:
960:
954:residues of
945:
942:
927:
917:
911:
876:
861:Tibetan frog
845:human genome
830:
821:inflammation
814:
809:regeneration
802:
799:Regeneration
789:neural plate
780:heart defect
769:
746:
732:
722:
720:
705:
701:
686:
661:
643:
612:
597:
588:
582:
538:
530:
528:
488:
449:paedomorphic
443:
442:
370:
368:
360:DugĂšs, 1888
356:
348:
340:
336:Owen, 1844
332:
324:
320:Shaw, 1802
316:
308:
290:
259:
257:
241:
240:
228:
70:
68:
46:
37:This is the
31:
4297:iNaturalist
4196:AmphibiaWeb
4168:Wikispecies
4125:xenbase.org
3743:Gordon, N,
3572:axolotl.org
3464:axolotl.org
3178:Chemosphere
2388:Gerontology
2280:(1): 1â25.
1463:12 November
1321:, added in
1262:. In 2021,
1246:Aztec deity
1230:gastroliths
1219:feeder fish
1125:A. tigrinum
1065:cannibalism
1014:Mexico City
962:triggered.
901:to produce
885:. To reach
785:neural tube
708:Mexico City
693:Lake Chalco
608:gill rakers
545:Description
531:A. tigrinum
480:Lake Chalco
472:Mexico City
137:Appendix II
4446:Categories
3994:2023-02-20
3946:2020-01-02
3919:2020-01-02
3895:2023-02-20
3871:2023-02-20
3846:2020-03-04
3821:2022-08-16
3789:2022-01-21
3683:Lab Animal
3502:2016-03-14
3488:â Axolotl"
3469:2016-03-14
3445:2023-12-01
3017:2022-01-25
2923:(3): 191.
2165:2010-06-28
2140:2017-06-02
2115:2014-01-29
2109:SFGate.com
2089:2021-04-30
1923:1053847969
1883:2021-05-13
1627:2021-06-26
1602:2010-06-28
1580:2013-09-12
1491:2022-01-14
1417:References
1391:Mudpuppies
1292:equatorial
1255:language.
1211:earthworms
1207:bloodworms
1139:See also:
1060:salamander
817:macrophage
793:epithelium
756:See also:
716:Asian carp
535:mudpuppies
519:regenerate
491:extinction
474:, such as
460:amphibians
452:salamander
4057:is being
3723:Wings, O
3591:Fisheries
3440:0190-8286
3413:235587173
3348:2045-2322
3261:254550469
3253:1573-5117
3206:0045-6535
3159:1723-8633
3083:1552-5015
2603:1476-4687
2524:218792957
2508:(S1): 1.
2034:Ambystoma
1843:Yda Addis
1748:2045-2322
1701:260699417
1685:1548-7091
1526:10 August
1486:cites.org
1336:Minecraft
1284:HD 224693
1276:chinampas
1234:impaction
1155:leucistic
1073:cretinism
1069:salmonids
931:thyroxine
903:thyroxine
887:adulthood
833:base pair
733:Ambystoma
683:Wild form
615:vestigial
571:wild type
236:Species:
229:Ambystoma
174:Kingdom:
168:Eukaryota
4414:Species+
4315:10597092
4234:BioLib:
4153:Wikidata
4050:template
3783:Archived
3748:Archived
3728:Archived
3711:33299160
3703:15457201
3664:17577564
3553:10461726
3366:28127056
3326:(1): 6.
3300:46992721
3214:19012946
3091:25920413
2964:20245954
2782:30030457
2721:31031711
2611:29364872
2481:23690624
2420:31779024
2369:31199048
2361:18814845
2324:29291975
2066:22723238
1971:14576183
1766:36443330
1693:37553398
1381:Handfish
1365:See also
1215:waxworms
1184:tapwater
1180:Chlorine
1077:dwarfism
1052:Necturus
883:tadpoles
805:scarring
539:Necturus
300:Synonyms
214:Family:
198:Amphibia
188:Chordata
184:Phylum:
178:Animalia
164:Domain:
124:IUCN 3.1
76:Axolotl
43:reviewed
4289:2431950
4276:1019571
4032:Twitter
3967:YouTube
3815:Reuters
3779:Vin.com
3599:Bibcode
3393:Bibcode
3357:5428337
3328:Bibcode
3186:Bibcode
3063:Bibcode
2902:1536749
2867:9371791
2835:Bibcode
2773:6054665
2752:Bibcode
2712:6473073
2695:: 237.
2571:Bibcode
2472:3677454
2449:Bibcode
2411:7214127
2257:3913733
2224:2611639
2058:4027646
1790:30 July
1757:9705478
1728:Bibcode
1306:Pokémon
1290:in the
1253:Nahuatl
1098:Threats
1092:xenbase
1079:due to
1016:to the
1008:History
952:tyrosyl
899:thyroid
873:Neoteny
867:Neoteny
737:neoteny
695:in the
619:suction
600:cloacae
499:tilapia
447:) is a
426:ÄxĆlĆtl
420:; from
371:axolotl
274:, 1798)
224:Genus:
208:Urodela
204:Order:
194:Class:
139: (
122: (
90:In the
4426:uBio:
4406:393910
4393:984726
4380:201507
4341:586244
4328:112205
4237:133062
4209:ARKive
4159:Q22718
4069:Curlie
4063:
4054:Curlie
3763:38â47.
3709:
3701:
3662:
3551:
3438:
3411:
3364:
3354:
3346:
3298:
3259:
3251:
3212:
3204:
3157:
3089:
3081:
2962:
2900:
2865:
2855:
2804:
2780:
2770:
2719:
2709:
2609:
2601:
2562:Nature
2522:
2479:
2469:
2418:
2408:
2367:
2359:
2322:
2255:
2222:
2064:
2056:
1969:
1921:
1911:
1874:
1764:
1754:
1746:
1699:
1691:
1683:
1319:Wooper
1309:Mudkip
1264:Mexico
1249:Xolotl
1213:, and
1194:ended.
1047:Sirens
989:Iodide
853:intron
837:genome
827:Genome
776:embryo
526:diet.
468:gilled
287:
272:Nodder
4429:30816
4310:IRMNG
4302:26777
4250:26205
4048:âčThe
4028:Tweet
3707:S2CID
3409:S2CID
3296:S2CID
3257:S2CID
3143:(1).
2898:JSTOR
2858:24254
2520:S2CID
2365:S2CID
2062:S2CID
1697:S2CID
1598:. BBC
1556:(PDF)
1549:(PDF)
1299:Cetus
1272:maize
857:mouse
524:Aztec
503:perch
410:
141:CITES
135:CITES
4419:6110
4367:8296
4362:NCBI
4354:1095
4349:IUCN
4336:ITIS
4284:GBIF
4263:CQ4M
4245:BOLD
4201:3842
3699:PMID
3681:)".
3660:PMID
3549:PMID
3436:ISSN
3362:PMID
3344:ISSN
3249:ISSN
3210:PMID
3202:ISSN
3155:ISSN
3118:2020
3087:PMID
3079:ISSN
2960:PMID
2863:PMID
2802:ISBN
2778:PMID
2717:PMID
2607:PMID
2599:ISSN
2477:PMID
2416:PMID
2357:PMID
2320:PMID
2253:PMID
2220:PMID
2054:PMID
2005:)".
1967:PMID
1919:OCLC
1909:ISBN
1872:ISBN
1792:2015
1762:PMID
1744:ISSN
1689:PMID
1681:ISSN
1528:2018
1465:2021
1448:2020
1304:The
1288:star
1286:, a
1274:and
1268:peso
1153:are
1075:and
1049:and
918:met1
743:Diet
714:and
691:and
573:form
501:and
478:and
369:The
270:and
268:Shaw
4323:ISC
4271:EoL
4258:CoL
4222:ASW
4183:ADW
4067:at
3691:doi
3652:doi
3607:doi
3541:doi
3401:doi
3352:PMC
3336:doi
3288:doi
3241:doi
3237:753
3194:doi
3145:doi
3071:doi
3059:324
2987:doi
2952:doi
2925:doi
2890:doi
2853:PMC
2843:doi
2768:PMC
2760:doi
2707:PMC
2697:doi
2661:doi
2589:hdl
2579:doi
2567:554
2510:doi
2467:PMC
2457:doi
2445:110
2406:PMC
2396:doi
2349:doi
2312:doi
2308:433
2282:doi
2212:doi
2046:doi
2042:340
2015:doi
1957:doi
1953:145
1864:doi
1823:doi
1752:PMC
1736:doi
1673:doi
1452:doi
1396:Olm
1297:of
933:or
441:) (
94:in
45:on
4448::
4416::
4403::
4390::
4377::
4364::
4351::
4338::
4325::
4312::
4299::
4286::
4273::
4260::
4247::
4224::
4211::
4198::
4185::
4170::
4155::
4114:.
4061:.âș
3987:.
3970:.
3964:.
3936:.
3912:.
3888:.
3863:.
3838:.
3813:.
3798:^
3781:.
3777:.
3705:.
3697:.
3687:33
3685:.
3658:.
3648:10
3646:.
3619:^
3605:.
3595:36
3593:.
3589:.
3570:.
3547:.
3537:25
3535:.
3490:.
3462:.
3434:.
3430:.
3407:.
3399:.
3389:31
3387:.
3383:.
3360:.
3350:.
3342:.
3334:.
3322:.
3318:.
3294:.
3284:15
3282:.
3278:.
3255:.
3247:.
3235:.
3231:.
3208:.
3200:.
3192:.
3182:74
3180:.
3176:.
3153:.
3141:75
3139:.
3135:.
3085:.
3077:.
3069:.
3057:.
3053:.
3034:.
3010:.
2999:^
2983:50
2981:.
2958:.
2948:40
2946:.
2921:26
2919:.
2896:.
2886:45
2884:.
2861:.
2851:.
2841:.
2831:94
2829:.
2825:.
2776:.
2766:.
2758:.
2746:.
2742:.
2715:.
2705:.
2693:10
2691:.
2687:.
2675:^
2657:18
2655:.
2651:.
2605:.
2597:.
2587:.
2577:.
2565:.
2559:.
2545:^
2518:.
2506:34
2504:.
2498:.
2475:.
2465:.
2455:.
2443:.
2437:.
2414:.
2404:.
2392:66
2390:.
2386:.
2363:.
2355:.
2345:43
2343:.
2318:.
2306:.
2276:.
2249:89
2247:.
2241:.
2218:.
2208:34
2206:.
2185:.
2174:^
2132:.
2107:.
2082:.
2060:.
2052:.
2040:.
2011:26
2009:.
1993:^
1965:.
1951:.
1947:.
1931:^
1917:.
1891:^
1870:,
1858:,
1819:18
1817:.
1813:.
1783:.
1760:.
1750:.
1742:.
1734:.
1724:12
1722:.
1718:.
1695:.
1687:.
1679:.
1669:20
1667:.
1663:.
1620:.
1518:.
1500:^
1484:.
1473:^
1446:.
1440:.
1424:^
1282:.
1236:.
1209:,
727:,
424::
404:Él
41:,
4034:.
4026:(
3997:.
3949:.
3922:.
3898:.
3874:.
3849:.
3824:.
3792:.
3713:.
3693::
3666:.
3654::
3613:.
3609::
3601::
3574:.
3555:.
3543::
3520:.
3505:.
3472:.
3448:.
3415:.
3403::
3395::
3368:.
3338::
3330::
3324:7
3302:.
3290::
3263:.
3243::
3216:.
3196::
3188::
3161:.
3147::
3120:.
3093:.
3073::
3065::
3038:.
3020:.
2993:.
2989::
2966:.
2954::
2931:.
2927::
2904:.
2892::
2869:.
2845::
2837::
2810:.
2784:.
2762::
2754::
2748:8
2723:.
2699::
2669:.
2663::
2613:.
2591::
2581::
2573::
2540:.
2526:.
2512::
2483:.
2459::
2451::
2422:.
2398::
2371:.
2351::
2326:.
2314::
2288:.
2284::
2278:6
2259:.
2226:.
2214::
2191:.
2168:.
2143:.
2118:.
2092:.
2068:.
2048::
2021:.
2017::
1973:.
1959::
1925:.
1866::
1831:.
1825::
1794:.
1768:.
1738::
1730::
1703:.
1675::
1630:.
1605:.
1583:.
1546:"
1530:.
1512:"
1494:.
1467:.
1454::
1438:"
1434:"
985:2
981:2
977:2
948:2
585:)
537:(
407:/
401:t
398:É
395:l
392:É
389:s
386:k
383:ĂŠ
380:Ë
377:/
373:(
293:)
266:(
143:)
126:)
66:.
49:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
