Alexander Calder - Knowledge

551: 577:, a French pun meaning both "motion" and "motive". However, Calder found that the motorized works sometimes became monotonous in their prescribed movements. His solution, arrived at by 1932, was hanging sculptures that derived their motion from touch or air currents. The earliest of these were made of wire, found objects, and wood, a material that Calder used since the 1920s. The hanging mobiles were followed in 1934 by outdoor standing mobiles in industrial materials, which were set in motion by the open air. The wind mobiles featured abstract shapes delicately balanced on pivoting rods that moved with the slightest current of air, allowing for a natural shifting play of forms and spatial relationships. Calder was also experimenting with self-supporting, static, 1732: 1856: 493: 1806: 1787: 1689: 1749: 955: 174:. His birthdate remains a source of confusion. According to Calder's mother, Nanette (née Lederer), Calder was born on August 22, yet his birth certificate at Philadelphia City Hall, based on a hand-written ledger, stated July 22. When Calder's family learned of the birth certificate, they asserted with certainty that city officials had made a mistake. Confirming this, the 1900 Census reports that Alexander was born in August 1898. His mother was Jewish and of German descent and his father was Calvinist and of Scottish descent, but Calder himself never practiced any religion and rejected nationalism. 1465:

members and others by foundation supporters. The art includes more than 600 sculptures including mobiles, stabiles, standing mobiles, and wire sculptures, and 22 monumental outdoor works, as well as thousands of oil paintings, works on paper, toys, pieces of jewelry, and domestic objects. After having worked mainly on cataloging Calder's works, the Calder Foundation is now focusing on organizing global exhibitions for the artist. One of Calder's grandsons, Alexander S. C. "Sandy" Rower, is the president of the foundation and other family members are on the board of trustees.

1670: 1833: 1644: 998: 1708: 1875: 1895: 1626: 978:, founder of the New York City advertising agency Gordon and Shortt, approached Calder with the idea of painting a jet in 1972, but Calder responded that he did not paint toys. When Gordon told him it was a real, full-sized airliner he was proposing, the artist immediately gave his approval. Gordon felt that Braniff, known for melding the worlds of fashion and design with the world of aviation, would be the perfect company to carry out the idea. Braniff Chairman 1768: 846: 753: 40: 333:. While sailing from San Francisco to New York City, Calder slept on deck and awoke one early morning off the Guatemalan Coast and witnessed both the sun rising and the full moon setting on opposite horizons. He described in his autobiography, "It was early one morning on a calm sea, off Guatemala, when over my couch—a coil of rope—I saw the beginning of a fiery red sunrise on one side and the moon looking like a silver coin on the other." 1417: 653: 5526: 348: 631:(1946), he was able to dismantle and send by mail for his upcoming show at Galerie Louis Carré in Paris, despite the stringent size restrictions imposed by the postal service at the time. His 1946 show at Carré, which was organized by Duchamp, was composed mainly of hanging and standing mobiles, and it made a huge impact, as did the essay for the catalogue by French philosopher 1078: 1596:

president of the Calder Foundation, and Holton Rower (1962), a vice president of the Foundation. Alexander Rower established the Foundation in 1987 with the support of the Calder family. He has four children, including Gryphon Rower-Upjohn, a sound experimentalist, composer-performer, and curator in the field of audiovisual culture, who is also known as Gryphon Rue.

1540:. For decades, Calder had utilized the services of Segré Foundry in manufacturing his mobiles and stabiles. Each piece (no matter how many copies were made) would be initialed personally by Calder in white chalk, after which a welder would follow the chalk marks to burn the initials into the work. Calder died in 1976, without a full-size version of 1614:, a progressive co-ed boarding school in Vermont. Calder's daughters attended the school as did several of his grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Around 2007, the Rower family donated a standing mobile (a mobile that stands on its own fixed base) to Putney. A 13-foot mobile hangs in Calder Hall in the Michael S. Currier Center on campus. 938:'s fables. As Calder's sculpture moved into the realm of pure abstraction in the early 1930s, so did his prints. The thin lines used to define figures in the earlier prints and drawings began delineating groups of geometric shapes, often in motion. Calder also used prints for advocacy, as in poster prints from 1967 and 1969 protesting the 162:(kinetic sculptures powered by motors or air currents) that embrace chance in their aesthetic, his static "stabiles", and his monumental public sculptures. Calder preferred not to analyze his work, saying, "Theories may be all very well for the artist himself, but they shouldn't be broadcast to other people." 1373:, paid only $ 233.34 (equivalent to $ 4,834 in 2023) for a work. The Museum of Modern Art had bought its first Calder in 1934 for $ 60, after talking Calder down from $ 100. And yet by 1948 Calder nearly sold out an entire solo show in Rio de Janeiro, becoming the first internationally renowned sculptor. 1473:

The Calder Foundation does not authenticate artworks; rather, owners can submit their works for registration in the Foundation's archive and for examination. The committee that performs examinations includes experts, scholars, museum curators, and members of the Calder family. The Calder Foundation's

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that he then enlarged to monumental size. The small maquette, the first step in the production of a monumental sculpture, was considered by Calder a sculpture in its own right. Larger works used the classic enlargement techniques of traditional sculptors, including his father and grandfather. Drawing

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While not denying Calder's power as a sculptor, an alternate view of the history of twentieth-century art cites Calder's turning away in the early 1930s from his motor-powered works in favor of the wind-driven mobile as marking a decisive moment in Modernism's abandonment of its earlier commitment to

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During Calder's high school years (1912–1915), the family moved back and forth between New York and California. In each new location, Calder's parents reserved cellar space as a studio for their son. Near the end of this period, Calder stayed with friends in California while his parents moved back to

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Alexander Calder's parents did not want him to be an artist, so he decided to study mechanical engineering. An intuitive engineer since childhood, Calder did not even know what mechanical engineering was. "I was not very sure what this term meant, but I thought I'd better adopt it," he later wrote.

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In 1987, the Calder Foundation was established by Calder's family, "dedicated to collecting, exhibiting, preserving, and interpreting the art and archives of Alexander Calder and charged with an unmatched collection of his works". The foundation has large holdings, with some works owned by family

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I (1955), II (1959), III (1964). Major retrospectives of his work were held at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (1964), the Fondation Maeght in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France (1969), and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (1974). In addition, both of Calder's dealers, Galerie Maeght in

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Calder created over 2,000 pieces of jewelry over the course of his career, many as gifts for friends. Several pieces reflect his fascination with art from Africa and other continents. They were mostly made of brass and steel, with bits of ceramic, wood and glass. Calder rarely used solder; when he

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that Calder had designed but did not live to see completed, which had been unsuccessfully submitted to the Calder Foundation for authentication. The court found that it did not have the power to declare the purported Calder work authentic, nor to order the Calder Foundation to include it in the

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fraternity and excelled in mathematics. He was well-liked and the class yearbook contained the following description, "Sandy is evidently always happy, or perhaps up to some joke, for his face is always wrapped up in that same mischievous, juvenile grin. This is certainly the index to the man's

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studio, using the same techniques and materials as his smaller works. Exhibited outside, Calder's initial standing mobiles moved elegantly in the breeze, bobbing and swirling in natural, spontaneous rhythms. The first few outdoor works were too delicate for strong winds, which forced Calder to

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Calder and his wife, Louisa, were the parents of two daughters, Sandra (1935–2022) and Mary (1939-2011). Mary's husband, Howard Rower (1939–2000), had been chairman of the board of the Alexander and Louisa Calder Foundation. Mary and Howard's two sons are Alexander S. C. "Sandy" Rower (1963),

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Calder's work is in many permanent collections across the world. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, has the largest body of work by Alexander Calder. Other museum collections include the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; the Centre Georges

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As Calder's professional reputation expanded in the late 1940s and 1950s, so did his production of prints. Masses of lithographs based on his gouache paintings were marketed, and deluxe editions of plays, poems, and short stories illustrated with fine art prints by Calder became available.

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In addition to sculptures, Calder painted throughout his career, beginning in the early 1920s. He picked up his study of printmaking in 1925, and continued to produce illustrations for books and journals. His projects from this period include pen-and-ink line drawings of animals for a 1931

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in a new open form of sculpture called "constellations". Postwar, Calder began to cut shapes from sheet metal into evocative forms and hand-paint them in his characteristically bold hues. Calder created a small group of works from around this period with a hanging base-plate, for example

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It was the mixture of his experiments to develop purely abstract sculpture following his visit with Mondrian that led to his first truly kinetic sculptures, actuated by motors, that would become his signature artworks. Calder's kinetic sculptures are regarded as being among the earliest

344:, where his sister and her husband, Kenneth Hayes resided. Calder took a job as a timekeeper at a logging camp. The mountain scenery inspired him to write home to request paints and brushes. Shortly after this, Calder decided to move back to New York to pursue a career as an artist. 258:. That Christmas, he sculpted a dog and a duck out of sheet brass as gifts for his parents. The sculptures are three-dimensional and the duck is kinetic because it rocks when gently tapped. In Croton, during his high school years, Calder was befriended by his father's painter friend 643:

as a critical and potentially expressive new element in human affairs. According to this viewpoint, the mobile also marked an abandonment of Modernism's larger goal of a rapprochement with science and engineering, and with unfortunate long-term implications for contemporary art.

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with whom he built a gravity-powered system of mechanical trains. Calder described it, "We ran the train on wooden rails held by spikes; a chunk of iron racing down the incline speeded the cars. We even lit up some cars with candle lights". After Croton, the Calders moved to

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was not built until 1985 due to government budget cuts. The massive sheet-metal project, weighing 35 tons, spans the nine-story height of the building's atrium in Washington, D.C. Calder designed the maquette for the United States Senate in the last year of his life.

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The Philadelphia Museum of Art offers a view of works by three generations of Alexander Calders. From the second floor window on the east side of the Great Stair Hall (on the opposite side from the armor collection) there is behind the viewer Calder's own

635:. In 1951, Calder devised a new kind of sculpture, related structurally to his constellations. These "towers", affixed to the wall with a nail, consist of wire struts and beams that jut from the wall, with moving objects suspended from their armatures. 3186: 3310: 1026:

needed to join strips of metal, he linked them with loops, bound them with snippets of wire or fashioned rivets. Calder created his first pieces in 1906 at the age of eight for his sister's dolls using copper wire that he found in the street.

300:, in 1915. When asked why he decided to study mechanical engineering instead of art Calder said, "I wanted to be an engineer because some guy I rather liked was a mechanical engineer, that's all". At Stevens, Calder was a member of the 3060: 243:. The windowed cellar of the family home became Calder's first studio and he received his first set of tools. He used scraps of copper wire to make jewelry for his sister's dolls. On January 1, 1907, Nanette Calder took her son to the 5078: 512:, a miniature circus fashioned from wire, cloth, string, rubber, cork, and other found objects. Designed to be transportable (it grew to fill five large suitcases), the circus was presented on both sides of the Atlantic. Soon, his 3501: 1583:, alleging that Perls had sold fake Calders as well as concealing the ownership of 679 works by the artist. After a high-profile battle with much press coverage, the lawsuit was dismissed by Judge Shirley Werner Kornreich in the 1089:

was in 1927 at the Gallery of Jacques Seligmann in Paris. His first solo show in a US commercial gallery was in 1928 at the Weyhe Gallery in New York City. He exhibited with the Abstraction-Création group in Paris in 1933.

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his designs on craft paper, he enlarged them using a grid. His large-scale works were created according to his exact specifications, while also allowing him the liberty to adjust or correct a shape or line if necessary.

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Sandra Calder Davidson and her late husband, Jean Davidson, had a son, Shawn (1956), and a daughter, Andréa (1961). Shawn and Andréa are vice presidents of the Calder Foundation. Jean Davidson was the son of artist

3228: 430:. Leger wrote a preface for the catalogue of Calder's first exhibition of abstract constructions held at the Galerie Percier in 1931. Calder and Louisa returned to America in 1933 to a farmhouse they purchased in 986:, and 50 gouaches for a total price of $ 100,000. Two years later, Braniff asked Calder to design a flagship for their fleet celebrating the U.S. Bicentennial. That piece, a Boeing 727-291 jet N408BN called the 3179: 3303: 1045:, to demonstrate her equal loyalty to Surrealist and abstract art, examples of which she displayed in separate galleries. Others who were presented with Calder's pieces were the artist's close friend, 1855: 4490: 2932: 4428: 1548:, and sold it in 1983 to art dealer Shirley Teplitz for $ 70,000. Segetario's documentation claimed that the work had been fabricated around 1974 "under the supervision and direction of Artist". 990:, and nicknamed the 'Sneaky Snake' by its pilots (based on quirky flight tendencies), featured a rippled image of red, white and blue echoing a waving American flag. A third design, to be dubbed 4074: 4266: 3057: 465:, which since 1974 has been situated in the town square. Throughout his artistic career, Calder named many of his works in French, regardless of where they were destined for eventual display. 570:

manifestations of an art that consciously departed from the traditional notion of the art work as a static object and integrated the ideas of gesture and immateriality as aesthetic factors.

4242: 586: 925:, featuring an array of mobiles, stabiles, and large painted backdrops. Calder would describe some of his stage sets as dancers performing a choreography due to their rhythmic movement. 4458: 2848: 4341: 4790: 1037:

received enormous silver mobile earrings and later commissioned a hammered silver headboard that shimmered with dangling fish. In 1942, Guggenheim wore one Calder earring and one by

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for $ 1 million. When Shirley submitted the work to the Calder Foundation for inclusion in their catalogue raisonné, the Foundation contested the work's authenticity. The

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are awarded an "Ellie", a copper-colored stabile resembling an elephant, which was designed by Calder. Two months after his death, the artist was posthumously awarded the

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was installed on Bunker Hill, Los Angeles to serve as "a distinctive landmark". The plaza site was designed in tiers to maximize the sculpture's visual effects.

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In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Calder's works were not highly sought after, and when they sold, it was often for relatively little money. A copy of a

5435: 4420: 3539: 2139: 5622: 1669: 4071: 3868: 2528: 5662: 5627: 5612: 4263: 3287: 3209: 3157: 4317: 446:), but was rejected. In 1955 he and Louisa traveled through India for three months, where Calder produced nine sculptures as well as some jewelry. 193:, was a well-known sculptor who created many public installations, a majority of them in Philadelphia. Calder's mother was a professional portrait 5672: 5652: 5647: 4239: 247:

in Pasadena, where he observed a four-horse-chariot race. This style of event later became the finale of Calder's miniature circus performances.

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refunded Shirley's money, and sued the Segré Foundry, which sought bankruptcy protection. The suit was settled out of court in the late 1990s.

4450: 213:. Calder's parents married on February 22, 1895. Alexander Calder's sister, Margaret Calder Hayes, was instrumental in the development of the 4681: 4540: 4338: 2138:(1966), a 33-ton metal sculpture composed of five intersecting forms, four planes, and one curve. It stands 40 feet (12 m) tall, on the 4774: 1489:

the burden of proof had not been fulfilled. Despite the decision, the owners of the mobile could not sell it because the recognized expert,

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to be closer to New York City, where Stirling Calder rented a studio. While living in Spuyten Duyvil, Calder attended high school in nearby

5617: 4361: 3012: 1656: 384: 309: 4117: 3763: 3627: 3476: 1153: 5090: 3915: 3083: 1707: 1404:(1945), which was expected to sell for $ 8 to $ 12 million, was bought for $ 18.5 million in 2012. Calder's 7.5-foot-long hanging mobile 272: 4292: 4051: 3889: 3714: 5682: 5667: 5529: 5146: 4745: 2954: 5013:

December 19, 2014. "Famous Artists Send Greeting Cards: An exhibit in New York showcases nearly 60 holiday cards from major artists",

4094: 3559: 3658: 3588: 1874: 1625: 1101:. In New York, he was championed from the early 1930s by the Museum of Modern Art, and was one of three Americans to be included in 398:. In June 1929, while traveling by boat from Paris to New York, Calder met his future wife, Louisa James (1905–1996), a daughter of 5637: 5547: 3128: 2490: 1449:. However, representatives of the Calder family boycotted the January 10, 1977, ceremony "to make a statement favoring amnesty for 5095: 2693: 5592: 5428: 4849: 4601: 3386: 1767: 1635: 3804: 3689: 3327: 780: 3785: 2980: 2672: 5049: 5037: 4992: 4978: 4961: 4953: 4935: 4902: 4146: 3621: 746: 462: 210: 5114: 4673: 3937: 3849: 1894: 5642: 3990: 3458: 2732: 982:

was highly receptive and a contract was drawn up in 1973 calling for the painting of one Douglas DC-8-62 jet liner, dubbed

829: 391: 516:(on view at the Whitney Museum of American Art at present) became popular with the Parisian avant-garde. He also invented 492: 5632: 2165: 4031: 3403: 2818: 1377:

in Paris became Calder's exclusive Parisian dealer in 1950 and for the rest of Calder's life. After his New York dealer

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1971 – The Gold Medal for Sculpture, National Institute of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Letters

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Dating from 1931, Calder's abstract sculptures of discrete movable parts powered by motors were christened "mobiles" by

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Jacob Hale Russell (July 29, 2006), Look Who's Selling --- Once-quiet artists' foundations are becoming power players,

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charging that it was not by Alexander Calder, as claimed by its seller. That same year, a federal judge ruled that for

821: 312:. In 1918, he joined the Student's Army Training Corps, Naval Section, at Stevens and was made guide of the battalion. 280: 3100: 2861: 2607: 4916: 4887: 4562: 209:

in Paris from around 1888 until 1893. She moved to Philadelphia, where she met Stirling Calder while studying at the

20: 1604:. Sandra was an illustrator of children's books. She caricatured her family and friends as animals in the 2013 book 1493:, had declared it a copy. The judge recognized the problem at the time, noting that Perls' pronouncement would make 1232:

1959 – Award with Carlos Raúl Villanueva at IV Bienal, Museu de Arte Moderna, Exposição Internacional de Arquitetura

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in New York City. In 1902 he also completed his earliest sculpture, a clay elephant. In 1905 his father contracted

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was then sold at auction in May 1984 for $ 187,000. Over the next decade, the piece was sold repeatedly. In 1995,

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1962 – Art in America Annual Award for Outstanding Contribution to American Art (shared with Alfred H. Barr, Jr.)

808: 807:. This sculpture is notable for being the first civic sculpture in the United States to receive funding from the 543:'s studio in 1930, where he was impressed by the environment-as-installation, "shocked" him into fully embracing 362: 293: 92: 88: 1369:

sales ledger in the foundation's files shows that only a few pieces in the 1941 show found buyers, one of whom,

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Most of Calder's monumental stationary and mobile sculptures were made after 1962 at Etablissements Biémont in

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at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago which opened simultaneously with the unveiling of the sculptures.

181:, was born in Scotland, had immigrated to Philadelphia in 1868, and is best known for the colossal statue of 5064: 3865: 2520: 1584: 355: 4647: 3280: 3202: 3150: 1408:(1957) fetched $ 25.9 million, setting an auction record for the sculptor at Christie's New York in 2014. 794:

in France, a monumental mobile for the UNESCO site in Paris, while the top was fabricated in Connecticut.

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rethink his fabrication process. By 1936 he changed his working methods and began to create smaller-scale

5346: 4314: 2372: 2366: 1125: 959: 1777: 1679: 5186: 4927: 4217: 2078: 2036: 1129: 1113: 439: 255: 244: 225: 3991:"The project seemed dead. But after a 25-year delay, a Calder museum is finally coming to the Parkway" 1528:, which Calder created in 1958). In 1973, Calder had created a 1-foot (0.30 m)-high sheet metal 1161: 5444: 5390: 5266: 5202: 5132: 5101:

A finding aid to the Alexander Calder papers in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

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1976 – Official Cachet, presented to Calder as designer of the WFUNA Cachet on the first day of issue

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in San Francisco, California, and began work on sculptures for the exposition that was held in 1915.

190: 2585: 2333:(1975), red painted steel, believed to be the final stabile personally created by Alexander Calder, 2089: 39: 4348: 3235: 2334: 2143: 1906: 1438: 5100: 4532: 3433: 2721:(September–October 2012). Schoonmaker, David (ed.). "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Engineer". 1474:

website provides details on the current policies and guidelines governing examination procedures.

454: 387:. Calder became fascinated with the circus action, a theme that would reappear in his later work. 5483: 5475: 4945: 4389: 3697: 2344: 2273: 2176: 1573: 1174: 1094: 1042: 954: 664: 379: 324: 3009: 1353:, a 1.8-acre, indoor-outdoor center dedicated to Calder's work is set to open on Philadelphia's 1253:

1963 – Edward MacDowell Medal for Outstanding Contribution to the Arts from The MacDowell Colony

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in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Calder's largest sculpture, at 25.7 metres (84 ft) high, was

602:, Calder continued to sculpt, adapting to a scarcity of aluminum during the war by returning to 5507: 5467: 5396: 5322: 3760: 3611: 3480: 2329: 2245: 2231: 1990: 1942: 1901: 1537: 1509: 1426: 1194: 1190: 804: 761: 525: 500: 214: 186: 178: 3911: 3076: 5459: 4288: 4048: 3885: 3711: 2524: 2301: 2261: 2095: 1370: 1241:

1961 – Fine Arts Gold Medal for a Master of Sculpture at the American Institute of Architects

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1939 – First prize in the Museum of Modern Art, New York, competition for Plexiglas sculpture

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opened, the sculpture was moved to Vesey and Church Streets. The sculpture stood in front of

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period), and public commissions increasingly came his way in the 1960s. Notable examples are

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1960 – Gold Medal of Honor, the Architectural League of New York, for sculpture at UNESCO

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Paris and the Perls Galleries in New York, averaged about one Calder show each per year.

1046: 443: 399: 297: 206: 3335: 2040:(1939), sheet metal, wire and paint (suspended mobile); design for the stairwell of the 1977:(1931), wire, wood and paint; first true mobile, although designed to stand on a desktop 1536:. He gave this maquette to Carmen Segretario, founder and owner of the Segré Foundry of 1112:

Calder's first retrospective was held in 1938 at George Walter Vincent Smith Gallery in

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in New York as his new American dealer, and this alliance lasted until Calder's death.

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1974 – Official Mayoral Decree of "Alexander Calder Day in Chicago" (October 25, 1974)

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Christie's Post-War & Contemporary Art Evening Sale, November 14, 2012, New York.

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Calder's South American-themed design applied to a Braniff Douglas DC-8-62 taken at

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In 2013 the Calder Estate filed a lawsuit against the estate of his former dealer,

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In June 1969, Calder attended the dedication of his monumental "stabile" sculpture

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Calder received a degree from Stevens in 1919. He held a variety of jobs including

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Alexander Calder: The Paris Years, 1926–1933, October 16, 2008 – February 15, 2009

1983:(1933), ebony, metal bar and wire; early suspended mobile (first was made in 1932) 887:

Calder created stage sets for more than a dozen theatrical productions, including

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unsellable. In 1994, the Calder Foundation declined to include the mobile in the

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1969 – Honorary Degree of Doctor of Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology

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Originally meant to be constructed in 1977 for the Hart Senate Office Building,

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In late 1909 the family returned to Philadelphia, where Calder briefly attended

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Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, November 10, 2010, New York.

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in 2009 rejected the appeal of an art collector who wished to sell a couple of

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In the 1950s, Calder concentrated more on producing monumental sculptures (his

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Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, November 8, 2011, New York.

1481:(1959), a sheet-metal and steel-wire mobile ostensibly by Calder, went to the 1116:. In 1943, the Museum of Modern Art hosted a Calder retrospective, curated by 1058: 787: 5576: 5513: 5170: 4786: 4613: 4574: 4028: 3820: 3756: 3164: 2756: 2748: 2494: 1397: 1378: 1050: 966:

One of Calder's more unusual undertakings was a commission from Dallas-based

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character in this case, for he is one of the best natured fellows there is."

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1998 – US Postal Service issues a set of five 32-cent stamps honoring Calder

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1983 – United States Mint issues a half-ounce gold medallion honoring Calder

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Calder and Brazilian Art, exhibition catalogue, Itau Cultural, 2018, p. 22.

3616:. Images of Modern America. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. p. 1978. 2291: 2267: 2187: 2029: 1796: 1393: 1265:

1967 – Honorary Sponsor, Philadelphia International Festival of Short Films

1066: 971: 603: 599: 578: 544: 533: 529: 435: 395: 229: 182: 4339:

Barbara Mathes Gallery records pertaining to "Rio Nero" lawsuit, 1989–1995

1310:

1974 – Grand Prix National des Art et Lettres, Ministry of Culture, France

1220:

1957 – Stevens Institute of Technology Honor Award for Notable Achievement

1030: 415: 5298: 3317:

Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, May 8, 2012, New York.

3216:

Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, May 8, 2012, New York.

1601: 1580: 1553: 1544:

having been made. In 1982, Segretario constructed a full-size version of

1490: 1450: 1446: 1382: 1093:

In 1935, he had his first solo museum exhibition in the United States at

1038: 1014: 1010: 1002: 939: 864: 838: 728: 696: 558: 411: 403: 366: 354:, 1956, Painted sheet metal and metal rods, a signature work by Calder – 110: 4289:"Calder Foundation | Contact | Registration & Examination" 3967: 3266: 3249: 2740: 2460: 434:, where they raised a family (Sandra born 1935, Mary born 1939). During 5226: 4715: 2365:(1976), painted aluminum and steel, 612 inches x 900 inches, 2116: 1840: 1758: 904: 732: 114: 3362: 2050:(1940), sheet metal, bolts and paint (freestanding plinthless stabile) 1572:

now resides outdoors on a farm near a river outside the small town of

845: 752: 410:. They married in 1931. While in Paris, Calder befriended a number of 327:. In June 1922, Calder took a mechanic position on the passenger ship 5258: 5242: 4517: 2160: 2128: 1865: 1722: 1557: 1513: 1396:

New York for $ 3.7 million. Another mobile brought $ 6.35 million at

1295:

1974 – Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, Ministry of Culture, France

1138: 562: 5030:

Calder : the conquest of time : the early years, 1898–1940

3167:

Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, November 10, 2010, New York.

1416: 1283:

1969 – Honorary Degree of Doctor of Arts, Grand Valley State College

836:. In 1973, the 63-foot tall vermillion-colored public art sculpture 587:

Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne

5234: 5124: 5069: 2400: 2153: 2010:(1937), sheet metal, bolts and paint; first piece made from a model 1885: 1823: 1715: 1529: 1292:

1973 – Honorary Degree, Doctor of Fine Arts, University of Hartford

1268:

1968 – Officier de la Légion d'honneur, Ministry of Culture, France

1136:

was the centerpiece of the exhibition. Calder also participated in

1033:, Calder set a shard of a broken porcelain vessel in a brass ring. 736: 680: 652: 582: 423: 347: 194: 2284:(1974), red painted steel, at the Federal Plaza, Chicago, Illinois 1923:(1909), folded brass sheet, made as a present for Calder's parents 528:, is an early example of the artist's wire sculpture. The painter 453:, overlooking the valley of the Lower Chevrière to the village of 5338: 5059: 4879: 3537:

Alexander Calder: Printmaker, October 30, 2009 – January 31, 2010

2235: 2121: 1846: 1430: 909: 712: 660: 320: 4451:"Calder Estate Accuses Former Dealer of Fraud and Selling Fakes" 1606:

The Calder Family and Other Critters: Portraits and Reflections.

1223:

1958 – First Prize for Sculpture at the Pittsburgh International

1162:

Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection

1077: 5096:

Alexander Calder toys at the Berkshire Museum in Pittsfield, MA

4747:

The Calder Family and Other Critters: Portraits and Reflections

4639: 1813: 1280:

1969 – Granted the same droit de suite rights as French authors

1247:

1962 – Creative Arts Award for Sculpture at Brandeis University

921:

was a "ballet" conceived by Calder himself and produced at the

704: 308:

In the summer of 1916, Calder spent five weeks training at the

4775:"A Tour of Alexander S.C. Rower's Penthouse Office in Chelsea" 1971:(1931), wire, wood and motor; one of the first kinetic mobiles 1400:

later that year. Also at Christie's, a standing mobile called

150: 4846:"Storm King Art Center: Alexander Carter, American 1898–1976" 4240:

In Art, Freedom of Expression Doesn’t Extend to ‘Is It Real?’

2230:(1971), steel plate, bolts and paint, 38'9" x 32'8" x 32'8", 994:, was commissioned but went uncompleted following his death. 935: 768: 735:

works were commissioned by renowned architects; for example,

141: 5001:(Washington, Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2012). 4209: 3226:

Calder. Gravity and Grace, March 18, 2003 – October 07, 2003

2016:(maquette) (1938), sheet metal, wire, wood, string and paint 3361:. International Foundation for Art Research. Archived from 2343:(1976), aluminum honeycomb, tubing and paint, 358½ x 912", 220:

Four-year-old Calder posed nude for his father's sculpture

4924:

Calder at Home. The Joyous Environment of Alexander Calder

1610:

The Calder family has a long-standing connection with the

1445:, the United States' highest civilian honor, by President 1262:

1966 – Honorary Degree, Doctor of Arts, Harvard University

1081:

Calder room at National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

5054: 4118:

Billionaires Help Christie’s to Record $ 745 Million Sale

2322:(1975), black and red painted steel, 11' x 6'3" x 11'2", 2215: 2186:, (1969), steel plate, bolts and paint, 43' x 55' x 25', 2105: 1520:

In 1995, questions arose about another purported Calder,

1483:

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

1217:

1955 – Philadelphia Art Festival, for Pre-eminence in Art

589:(1937), the Spanish pavilion included Calder's sculpture 383:

where, in 1925, one of his assignments was sketching the

2581: 4362:

Ruling on Artistic Authenticity: The Market vs. the Law

2204:(1970), steel plate, bolts and paint, 40' x 32' x 33', 1235:

1960 – National Institute of Arts and Letters, insignia

3101:"U.S. museum debut for Calder Picasso at the de Young" 2862:"U.S. museum debut for Calder Picasso at the de Young" 2608:"U.S. museum debut for Calder Picasso at the de Young" 2068:(1948), sheet metal, wire and paint (suspended mobile) 2056:(1946), sheet metal, wire and paint (suspended mobile) 1256:

1964 – Elected to American Academy of Arts and Letters

867:, in Chicago, Illinois, accompanied by the exhibition 4072:

Record Sales for a Rothko and Other Art at Christie’s

3479:. Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago. Archived from 394:, and established a studio at 22 rue Daguerre in the 138: 5079:

Smithsonian holdings of artworks by Alexander Calder

4602:"ART; Keeping Grandpa Calder's Legacy in the Family" 3938:"1983 Alexander Calder American Arts Gold Medallion" 3408:

Community Redevelopment Agency, Los Angeles (CRA/LA)

2062:(1947) sheet metal, wire and paint (standing mobile) 1524:(not to be confused with the similarly named piece, 1013:

automobile, which would be the first vehicle in the

674:

In 1934, Calder made his first outdoor works in his

147: 144: 5678:

Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

4095:

Asian Collectors Give Christie’s a High-Yield Night

2140:

campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

2120:(1962), steel plate and paint, monumental stabile, 745:, a 25-ton, 40-foot high stabile sculpture for the 499:by Alexander Calder, c. 1928, brass wire and wood, 135: 3384:Lives and Treasures Taken, The Library of Congress 2316:(1975), black painted steel, Storm King Art Center 2310:(1974), black painted steel, Storm King Art Center 1953:(1930), wire, 53" x 10" x 9". A representation of 1301:1974 – Citoyen d'Honneur, Commune de Sáche, France 949: 283:. Calder graduated with the class of 1915. 3603: 3334:. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from 2691:A Public School’s Coffers Require a Private Boost 1862:Crinkly avec disque rouge (Crinkly with Red Disk) 5574: 4511: 2653:. Middlebury, VT: Paul S. Eriksson, 1977, p. 41. 2382:(1976), red painted steel, Storm King Art Center 2256:(1973), steel plate, bolts and paint, 50' tall, 1277:1969 – Key to the City of Grand Rapids, Michigan 779:at 24 metres (79 ft) tall, commissioned by 472:with the help of his son-in-law, Jean Davidson. 390:In 1926, Calder moved to Paris, enrolled in the 3866:Alexander Calder at the National Gallery of Art 3328:"Initial Public Art Project Becomes a Landmark" 2212:Reims, Croix du Sud (Reims, Cross of the South) 2198:, 1970–71, 7 World Trade Center, New York City 1381:died unexpectedly in 1954, Calder selected the 585:in 1932 to differentiate them from mobiles. At 340:docked in San Francisco and Calder traveled to 3966:. United States Postal Service. Archived from 3459:Lawsuit: Sears wants Willis Tower artwork back 3356: 2353:(1976), 15m tall, monumental sculpture, Paris 5658:Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière 5443: 5429: 5140: 5006:The Place of Art in the World of Architecture 3712:Calder’s Precious Metals: Who Needs Diamonds? 1935:(c. 1928), wire and wood, 11½ x 5¾ x 29.2 in. 1259:1966 – St. Botolph Distinguished Artist Award 1250:1963 – President's Medal, Art Director's Club 869:Alexander Calder: A Retrospective Exhibition, 506:In Paris in 1926, Calder began to create his 475:Calder died unexpectedly in November 1976 of 385:Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus 170:Alexander "Sandy" Calder was born in 1898 in 19:For other people named Alexander Calder, see 4966:Rosenthal, Mark, and Alexander S. C. Rower. 1214:and was awarded the main prize for sculpture 1210:1952 – Represented the United States at the 547:, toward which he had already been tending. 198: 5091:Guggenheim collection Alexander Calder bio. 5008:. Chelsea House Publishers, New York, 1980. 3247: 2923:"Alexander Calder, Leading US Artist, Dies" 2491:"How Alexander Calder Made Modern Art Move" 2102:Guillotine pour huit (Guillotine for eight) 1941:(ca. 1928), brass wire, painted wood base, 1009:In 1975 Calder was commissioned to paint a 974:-62 four-engined jet as a "flying canvas". 928: 820:which was installed at the entrance of the 310:Plattsburgh Civilian Military Training Camp 232:, and Calder's parents moved to a ranch in 5436: 5422: 5147: 5133: 5065:National Gallery of Art – Alexander Calder 4143:"Calder Foundation website: Trustees page" 2553:. Middlebury, VT: Paul S. Eriksson, 1977. 2032:'s "plinthless" sculptures by two decades) 38: 5623:Lowell High School (San Francisco) alumni 5032:, New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2017, 4049:At Christie's, Mockery Brings in Millions 3988: 3856:Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. 3265: 2673:"Panama Pacific International Exposition" 1316:1975 – Liberty Bell, City of Philadelphia 1286:c.1970 – Monnaie de Paris, 2 Calder coins 1200: 1154:Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía 882: 853:In 1974, Calder unveiled two sculptures, 361:In New York City, Calder enrolled at the 279:New York, so that he could graduate from 5663:People from Dauphin County, Pennsylvania 5628:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 5613:American people of German-Jewish descent 5050:List of Alexander Calder public artworks 4909:Three Alexander Calders: A Family Memoir 4383: 4381: 3989:Salisbury, Stephan (September 7, 2022). 2717: 2651:Three Alexander Calders: A Family Memoir 2551:Three Alexander Calders: A Family Memoir 2272:(1974), red painted sheet metal, at the 1415: 1076: 1041:to the opening of her New York gallery, 996: 953: 844: 751: 651: 647: 549: 491: 346: 239:The Calder family moved from Arizona to 5558:from the original on September 25, 2023 5106:Guide to the Calder-Hayes Family Papers 4418: 3792:The San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego. 3648: 3630:from the original on September 25, 2023 3555:Benjamin Genocchio (December 18, 2009) 2981:"Alexander Calder: The Great Discovery" 2920: 2902:Calder in India, 31 May – 3 August 2012 2441:from the original on September 25, 2023 2022:(c. 1938), brass wire, glass and mirror 1636:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art 273:Panama–Pacific International Exposition 5673:People from Croton-on-Hudson, New York 5653:Stevens Institute of Technology alumni 5648:Art Students League of New York alumni 5575: 4840: 4838: 4772: 4599: 4530: 4001:from the original on September 7, 2022 3678: 3676: 3359:"Public Art at the World Trade Center" 2471:from the original on February 18, 2016 2411:from the original on February 27, 2021 1468: 1057:; Jeanne Rucar, wife of the filmmaker 824:'s North Tower in New York City. When 781:International Nickel Company of Canada 659:, a sculpture by Alexander Calder for 5417: 5128: 5120:Braniff Flying Colors Historical Page 4696:from the original on December 5, 2021 4671: 4667: 4665: 4461:from the original on November 8, 2013 4387: 4378: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4047:Souren Melikian (November 11, 2010), 3918:from the original on January 27, 2012 3892:from the original on November 6, 2018 3710:Karen Rosenberg (December 11, 2008), 3687:The Intimate Side of Alexander Calder 3532: 3530: 3404:"Alexander Calder, Four Arches, 1973" 3175: 3173: 3123: 3121: 3053: 3051: 2768: 2766: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2531:from the original on December 6, 2022 2202:Peau Rouge Indiana (Red Skin Indiana) 1989:(1936), painted wood, metal, string, 1701:, installation at the museum entrance 747:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 377:. While a student, he worked for the 211:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts 5548:"Famous Artists Send Greeting Cards" 5525: 5154: 4823:from the original on August 11, 2021 4793:from the original on August 11, 2021 4754:from the original on August 11, 2021 4726:from the original on August 11, 2021 4650:from the original on August 11, 2021 4620:from the original on August 11, 2021 4581:from the original on August 11, 2021 4543:from the original on August 11, 2021 4514:"Sandra Calder Davidson (1935–2022)" 4512:@calderfoundation (August 9, 2022). 4431:from the original on August 28, 2017 4220:from the original on August 11, 2021 3940:. My Coin Guides. January 25, 2017. 3609: 3357:Wenegrat, Saul (February 28, 2002). 2733:Sigma XI Scientific Research Society 1532:for an unrealized stabile he called 1508:case, the Appellate Division of the 1459: 1226:1958 – First Prize for Sculpture in 536:, wrote the preface to the catalog. 5618:American people of Scottish descent 4999:Calder's Portraits 'A New Language' 4835: 4563:"Paid Notice: Deaths ROWER, HOWARD" 4531:Holmes, Jessica (October 3, 2011). 4493:from the original on August 1, 2014 4388:Somma, Ann Marie (March 12, 2006). 4295:from the original on March 19, 2013 4262:Daniel Grant (September 29, 1996), 3886:"Empire State Plaza Art Collection" 3811:L&M Arts, New York/Los Angeles. 3673: 3591:from the original on August 6, 2017 3457:Cynthia Dizikes (October 4, 2010), 3426: 3414:from the original on March 30, 2022 2921:Russell, John (November 12, 1976). 2166:National Museum of American History 2086:(1957), steel plate, rods and paint 1947:Policeman (ca. 1928) wire and wood. 1172:mobile, ahead on the street is the 1132:in the summer of 1949. His mobile, 849:Calder's sculpture 'Flamingo', 2022 619:(1947). He also made works such as 281:Lowell High School in San Francisco 13: 5022: 4852:from the original on July 22, 2020 4662: 4313:Stuart Jeffries (March 13, 2003), 4197: 4161: 4149:from the original on July 25, 2011 3944:from the original on April 4, 2018 3649:Bissett, Mark (December 9, 2015). 3578: 3527: 3170: 3127:Randy Kennedy (October 18, 2011), 3118: 3048: 2935:from the original on March 3, 2018 2879: 2821:from the original on July 25, 2011 2786:from the original on March 4, 2016 2763: 2706: 2588:from the original on July 24, 2011 1929:(1925), oil on canvas, 36 x 42 in. 1560:and a Calder collector) purchased 1437:Beginning in 1966, winners of the 1307:1974 – Honorary Citizen of Chicago 988:Flying Colors of the United States 286: 14: 5694: 5683:People from Spuyten Duyvil, Bronx 5668:Artists from Pasadena, California 5043: 4533:"MARY CALDER ROWER (1939 – 2011)" 4419:Hogrefe, Jeffrey (May 10, 1984). 4360:Patricia Cohen (August 5, 2012), 3761:Shedding New Light on Old Friends 2689:Scott James (February 24, 2011), 2501:from the original on June 7, 2023 2351:L'Araignée Rouge (The Red Spider) 1957:, the exuberant lead dancer from 1913: 1755:De tre vingarna (The Three Wings) 1345: 1319:1975 – United Nations Peace Medal 581:sculptures, dubbed "stabiles" by 21:Alexander Calder (disambiguation) 5540: 5524: 4400:from the original on May 4, 2016 4264:The tricky art of authentication 4238:Patricia Cohen (June 19, 2012), 3661:from the original on May 3, 2016 2890:Dictionary of American Biography 1893: 1873: 1854: 1831: 1804: 1785: 1766: 1747: 1730: 1706: 1687: 1668: 1661:Universidad Central de Venezuela 1642: 1624: 1590: 482: 224:, a cast of which is now in the 131: 5638:Sculptors from New York (state) 5331:Intermediate Model for the Arch 4805: 4773:Kurutz, Steven (June 6, 2017). 4766: 4738: 4708: 4632: 4593: 4555: 4524: 4505: 4473: 4443: 4412: 4354: 4332: 4307: 4281: 4256: 4232: 4184: 4135: 4116:Katya Kazakina (May 14, 2014), 4110: 4087: 4064: 4041: 4022: 4013: 3982: 3956: 3930: 3904: 3878: 3859: 3840: 3814: 3795: 3776: 3750: 3733:Carol Kino (December 2, 2007), 3727: 3704: 3642: 3572: 3549: 3518: 3495: 3469: 3451: 3396: 3377: 3350: 3320: 3297: 3274: 3241: 3219: 3196: 3144: 3093: 3070: 3025: 3003: 2973: 2947: 2914: 2895: 2854: 2842: 2833: 2807: 2798: 2683: 2665: 2656: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2600: 2521:"The Artist Who Never Suffered" 2401:"Alexander Calder Introduction" 2000:(1937), sheet metal and liquid 1738:Têtes et queue (Heads and tail) 950:Painted aircraft and automobile 809:National Endowment for the Arts 790:to construct the steel base of 449:In 1963, Calder settled into a 438:, Calder attempted to join the 392:Académie de la Grande Chaumière 294:Stevens Institute of Technology 177:Calder's grandfather, sculptor 93:Art Students League of New York 89:Stevens Institute of Technology 5593:Sculptures by Alexander Calder 5251:La Grande Voile (The Big Sail) 4895:An Autobiography With Pictures 4600:Larson, Kay (March 22, 1998). 4167:Carol Vogel (October 2, 1998) 3914:. Philadelphia Museum of Art. 3613:Braniff Airways: Flying Colors 2574: 2565: 2556: 2543: 2513: 2483: 2453: 2423: 2393: 2079:View of pool at Stillman House 1757:(1967), Blå Stället, Angered, 1146: 1072: 727:"Cultural Olympiad" events in 468:In 1966, Calder published his 1: 4987:. Universe Publishing, 1998, 4867: 4672:Cohen, Brian D. (Fall 2018). 4390:"The Calder Work That Wasn't" 2461:"Alexander Calder Chronology" 2300:(1974), black painted steel, 2244:(1971), Painted metal, wire, 1987:Object with Yellow Background 1820:National Gallery of Australia 1443:Presidential Medal of Freedom 1360: 1327:Presidential Medal of Freedom 1298:1974 – Saint Pierre des Corps 968:Braniff International Airways 532:, a friend from the cafes of 165: 16:American sculptor (1898–1976) 4093:Carol Vogel (May 14, 2014), 4029:Alexander Calder – Biography 3248:Smith, G.W. (July 7, 2015). 3129:A Year in the Work of Calder 2675:. calder.org. Archived from 1585:New York State Supreme Court 1406:Poisson volant (Flying Fish) 1325:1977 – Posthumously awarded 903:(1935), a production of the 814:In 1971, Calder created his 487: 461:(France). He donated to the 356:Montreal Museum of Fine Arts 7: 5643:Sculptors from Pennsylvania 4928:Stewart, Tabori & Chang 4070:Carol Vogel (May 8, 2012), 3717:September 25, 2023, at the 3585:www.brownalumnimagazine.com 3546:Bruce Museum, Greenwich CT. 3438:Alexander Calder Foundation 3332:40th Anniversary Highlights 3090:Philadelphia Museum of Art. 3015:September 12, 2011, at the 2367:Hart Senate Office Building 2026:Sphere Pierced by Cylinders 1881:Feuille d'arbre (Tree leaf) 1271:1968 – New York State Award 1126:3rd Sculpture International 524:, in the collection of the 470:Autobiography with Pictures 10: 5699: 5633:Sculptors from Connecticut 5187:Lobster Trap and Fish Tail 5115:Calder and Braniff Airways 4942:Alexander Calder 1898–1976 4911:. Paul S. Eriksson, 1977, 4876:Alexander Calder 1898–1976 4674:"The Calders & Putney" 3871:December 30, 2016, at the 3581:"My Pal, Alexander Calder" 3511:December 30, 2013, at the 3389:November 22, 2017, at the 3134:November 24, 2016, at the 2431:"Who is Alexander Calder?" 2037:Lobster Trap and Fish Tail 2014:1939 New York World's Fair 1795:(1968), Franklin Parkway, 1617: 1388:In 2010, his metal mobile 1130:Philadelphia Museum of Art 1114:Springfield, Massachusetts 1020: 832:until it was destroyed on 719:, constructed outside the 670:, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 256:Croton-on-Hudson, New York 245:Tournament of Roses Parade 226:Metropolitan Museum of Art 18: 5588:American modern sculptors 5583:American abstract artists 5522: 5494: 5451: 5445:Alexander Stirling Calder 5391:Alexander Stirling Calder 5373: 5162: 5055:Calder Foundation website 4367:January 30, 2018, at the 4344:November 7, 2012, at the 4269:January 31, 2016, at the 4077:January 31, 2020, at the 3852:November 8, 2011, at the 3562:January 26, 2018, at the 3524:Calder's Universe. p. 172 3231:February 5, 2012, at the 3086:October 20, 2011, at the 2774:"My Way, Calder in Paris" 1845:(1971), Sprengel Museum, 1556:(the former president of 1526:Two White Dots in the Air 1411: 1355:Benjamin Franklin Parkway 1193:by Calder's grandfather, 402:and grandniece of author 199: 197:, who had studied at the 191:Alexander Stirling Calder 106: 98: 84: 68: 53: 37: 30: 5347:Calder's set for Socrate 4968:The Surreal Calder. The 4907:Calder Hayes, Margaret. 4897:. Pantheon Books, 1966, 4349:Archives of American Art 4169:Calder Works On the Move 4100:October 2, 2015, at the 3825:All Calder, High and Low 3579:Gordon, George Stanley. 3393:Retrieved July 27, 2007. 3236:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao 3063:August 28, 2011, at the 2649:Hayes, Margaret Calder, 2549:Hayes, Margaret Calder. 2387: 2373:Calder's set for Socrate 2335:Art Institute of Chicago 1907:Art Institute of Chicago 1864:(1973), Schlossplatz in 1793:Three Disks, One Lacking 1778:Centro Cultural de Belém 1680:Galería de Arte Nacional 1439:National Magazine Awards 1390:Untitled (Autumn Leaves) 1029:For his lifelong friend 929:Painting and printmaking 365:, studying briefly with 5608:American male sculptors 5484:Swann Memorial Fountain 5476:Depew Memorial Fountain 5468:Washington as President 5084:March 27, 2012, at the 5015:The Wall Street Journal 4983:Rower, Alexander S. C. 4948:, Washington DC, 1998, 4946:National Gallery of Art 4245:March 14, 2017, at the 4192:The Wall Street Journal 3698:The Wall Street Journal 3651:"The First BMW Art Car" 2985:Gemeentemuseum Den Haag 2839:Calder 1966, pp. 54–55. 2696:April 16, 2021, at the 2640:Calder 1966, pp. 28–29. 2631:Calder 1966, pp. 21–22. 2345:National Gallery of Art 2242:White and Red Boomerang 2177:San Diego Museum of Art 1574:Washington, Connecticut 1477:In 1993, the owners of 1313:1975 – U.N. Peace Medal 1175:Swann Memorial Fountain 1107:Cubism and Abstract Art 1095:The Renaissance Society 1043:The Art of This Century 380:National Police Gazette 325:New York Edison Company 5508:Alexander Milne Calder 5397:Alexander Milne Calder 5060:Atelier Calder website 4421:"Top Price For Calder" 4320:March 9, 2016, at the 4174:June 29, 2022, at the 4034:July 25, 2011, at the 3830:June 30, 2017, at the 3788:April 2, 2012, at the 3542:July 23, 2011, at the 3313:March 4, 2016, at the 3290:March 4, 2016, at the 3212:March 4, 2016, at the 3189:March 4, 2016, at the 3182:Seven Horizontal Discs 3160:March 4, 2016, at the 3045:Guggenheim Collection. 3041:March 4, 2016, at the 2888:. "Alexander Calder", 2851:Guggenheim Collection. 2246:Honolulu Museum of Art 2232:Olympic Sculpture Park 1991:Honolulu Museum of Art 1943:Honolulu Museum of Art 1566:André Emmerich Gallery 1538:Waterbury, Connecticut 1510:New York Supreme Court 1434: 1427:Olympic Sculpture Park 1201:Recognition and awards 1195:Alexander Milne Calder 1182:, and beyond that the 1082: 1006: 963: 883:Theatrical productions 850: 805:Grand Rapids, Michigan 786:In 1958, Calder asked 764: 762:Grand Rapids, Michigan 671: 621:Seven Horizontal Discs 566: 526:Honolulu Museum of Art 503: 501:Honolulu Museum of Art 358: 215:UC Berkeley Art Museum 189:'s tower. His father, 187:Philadelphia City Hall 179:Alexander Milne Calder 5017:. By Alexandra Wolfe. 5004:Thalacker, Donald W. 4874:Baal-Teshuva, Jacob. 4123:May 14, 2014, at the 4054:July 5, 2018, at the 3995:Philadelphia Inquirer 3807:May 10, 2012, at the 3766:July 5, 2018, at the 3740:July 5, 2018, at the 3692:May 20, 2018, at the 3685:(December 11, 2008), 3365:on September 28, 2007 2907:June 8, 2013, at the 2817:. Calder Foundation. 2527:. November 13, 2017. 2302:Storm King Art Center 2262:Hartford, Connecticut 1951:Aztec Josephine Baker 1839:Le hallebardier (The 1682:, Caracas - Venezuela 1419: 1371:Solomon R. Guggenheim 1152:Pompidou, Paris; the 1118:James Johnson Sweeney 1099:University of Chicago 1080: 1000: 976:George Stanley Gordon 970:to paint a full-size 957: 859:at Federal Plaza and 848: 755: 655: 648:Monumental sculptures 553: 495: 442:as a camoufleur (see 350: 254:, then they moved to 172:Lawnton, Pennsylvania 61:Lawnton, Pennsylvania 44:Alexander Calder, by 5363:Mountains and Clouds 5110:The Bancroft Library 5074:Museum of Modern Art 4640:"About – GryphonRue" 4569:. December 5, 2000. 4457:. October 30, 2013. 3504:Mountains and Clouds 3477:"History of the MCA" 2362:Mountains and Clouds 2042:Museum of Modern Art 1663:, Caracas, Venezuela 1517:catalogue raisonné. 1134:International Mobile 895:, and most notably, 876:Mountains and Clouds 830:7 World Trade Center 725:1968 Summer Olympics 676:Roxbury, Connecticut 665:Saint Helen's Island 623:(1946), which, like 432:Roxbury, Connecticut 396:Montparnasse Quarter 342:Aberdeen, Washington 241:Pasadena, California 5355:Homage to Jerusalem 4922:Guerrero, Pedro E. 4893:Calder, Alexander. 4819:. October 7, 2011. 4425:The Washington Post 3610:Cass, R.B. (2015). 3338:on October 15, 2009 3267:10.3390/arts4030075 2804:Calder 1966, p. 47. 2741:10.1511/2012.98.368 2731:(5). New Haven CT: 2582:"Calder Foundation" 2571:Calder 1966, p. 15. 2562:Calder 1966, p. 13. 2337:, Chicago, Illinois 2324:The Kentucky Center 2294:, Chicago, Illinois 1469:Authenticity issues 1333:Goslarer Kaiserring 1105:'s 1936 exhibition 913:(1936), and later, 711:, commissioned for 555:Homage to Jerusalem 444:List_of_camoufleurs 414:artists, including 400:Edward Holton James 363:Art Students League 298:Hoboken, New Jersey 292:He enrolled at the 79:New York City, U.S. 4930:, New York, 1998, 4779:The New York Times 4606:The New York Times 4567:The New York Times 4489:. August 1, 2014. 4455:Art Market Monitor 4373:The New York Times 4251:The New York Times 4179:The New York Times 4105:The New York Times 4082:The New York Times 4059:The New York Times 4038:Calder Foundation. 3970:on August 10, 2013 3835:The New York Times 3771:The New York Times 3745:The New York Times 3722:The New York Times 3683:Cheryl Lu-Lien Tan 3567:The New York Times 3557:Beyond the Mobiles 3502:Alexander Calder, 3304:Alexander Calder, 3281:Alexander Calder, 3203:Alexander Calder, 3180:Alexander Calder, 3151:Alexander Calder, 3139:The New York Times 3077:Alexander Calder, 3032:Alexander Calder, 2928:The New York Times 2886:Postiglione, Corey 2815:"Calder Biography" 2779:. Seymour I Toll. 2724:American Scientist 2701:The New York Times 2662:Calder 1966, p. 31 2497:. April 25, 2020. 2276:, Washington, D.C. 2258:Wadsworth Atheneum 2096:Maison de l'UNESCO 1927:The Flying Trapeze 1780:, Lisbon, Portugal 1499:catalogue raisonné 1435: 1180:A. Stirling Calder 1158:Seattle Art Museum 1103:Alfred H. Barr Jr. 1083: 1007: 964: 851: 834:September 11, 2001 822:World Trade Center 765: 672: 567: 504: 497:Hi! (Two Acrobats) 359: 317:hydraulic engineer 252:Germantown Academy 5536: 5535: 5495:Associated people 5411: 5410: 5275:La Grande Vitesse 5219:The Four Elements 5038:978-0-307-27272-0 4993:978-0-7893-0134-5 4979:978-0-939594-60-3 4973:, Houston, 2005, 4962:978-0-300-07518-2 4954:978-0-89468-228-5 4936:978-1-55670-655-4 4903:978-0-394-42142-1 4537:The Brooklyn Rail 4486:Los Angeles Times 4275:The Baltimore Sun 4214:Calder Foundation 3823:(March 27, 1998) 3623:978-1-4396-5423-1 3306:Le Rouge de Saché 3034:Romulus and Remus 3020:Fondation Beyeler 2465:Calder Foundation 2405:Calder Foundation 2220:Villeneuve d'Ascq 2183:La Grande Vitesse 2110:Villeneuve d'Ascq 2104:, (1962), at the 1714:Le tamanoir (The 1695:The Four Elements 1504:Referring to the 1460:Calder Foundation 1005:painted by Calder 919:Works in Progress 915:Works in Progress 826:Battery Park City 800:La Grande Vitesse 758:La Grande Vitesse 668:Parc Jean-Drapeau 371:Boardman Robinson 124: 123: 72:November 11, 1976 5690: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5544: 5528: 5527: 5502:Alexander Calder 5460:Dr. Samuel Gross 5438: 5431: 5424: 5415: 5414: 5211:The Whirling Ear 5179:Mercury Fountain 5156:Alexander Calder 5149: 5142: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5070:Alexander Calder 4985:Calder Sculpture 4970:Menil Collection 4940:Prather, Marla. 4882:, Cologne 2002, 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4842: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4695: 4678: 4669: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4394:Hartford Courant 4385: 4376: 4358: 4352: 4336: 4330: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4285: 4279: 4260: 4254: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4206: 4195: 4188: 4182: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4139: 4133: 4114: 4108: 4091: 4085: 4068: 4062: 4045: 4039: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3882: 3876: 3863: 3857: 3844: 3838: 3818: 3812: 3802:Alexander Calder 3799: 3793: 3780: 3774: 3759:(May 13, 2010), 3754: 3748: 3731: 3725: 3708: 3702: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3576: 3570: 3553: 3547: 3534: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3483:on July 25, 2011 3473: 3467: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3400: 3394: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3324: 3318: 3301: 3295: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3245: 3239: 3223: 3217: 3200: 3194: 3177: 3168: 3148: 3142: 3125: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3097: 3091: 3074: 3068: 3067:Tate Collection. 3058:Alexander Calder 3055: 3046: 3029: 3023: 3010:Alexander Calder 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2991:on June 18, 2012 2987:. Archived from 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2961:on July 10, 2007 2957:. Archived from 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2918: 2912: 2911:Ordovas, London. 2899: 2893: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2785: 2778: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2715: 2704: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2679:on May 26, 2008. 2669: 2663: 2660: 2654: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2578: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2397: 2347:Washington, D.C. 2304:, New York State 2274:National Gallery 2146:, Massachusetts. 1997:Mercury Fountain 1897: 1877: 1858: 1835: 1808: 1789: 1770: 1751: 1734: 1710: 1691: 1672: 1651:Acoustic Ceiling 1646: 1628: 1047:Georgia O'Keeffe 1035:Peggy Guggenheim 992:Salute to Mexico 980:Harding Lawrence 923:Rome Opera House 907:symphonic drama 633:Jean-Paul Sartre 592:Mercury Fountain 463:town a sculpture 406:and philosopher 204: 203: 157: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 127:Alexander Calder 75: 46:Carl Van Vechten 42: 32:Alexander Calder 28: 27: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5532: 5518: 5490: 5447: 5442: 5412: 5407: 5369: 5203:Floating Clouds 5158: 5153: 5086:Wayback Machine 5046: 5025: 5023:Further reading 5020: 4997:Barbara Zabel, 4870: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4722:. May 4, 2017. 4714: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4676: 4670: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4623: 4621: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4529: 4525: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4379: 4369:Wayback Machine 4359: 4355: 4351:, Washington DC 4346:Wayback Machine 4337: 4333: 4322:Wayback Machine 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4271:Wayback Machine 4261: 4257: 4247:Wayback Machine 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4208: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4185: 4176:Wayback Machine 4166: 4162: 4152: 4150: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4125:Wayback Machine 4115: 4111: 4102:Wayback Machine 4092: 4088: 4079:Wayback Machine 4069: 4065: 4056:Wayback Machine 4046: 4042: 4036:Wayback Machine 4027: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3873:Wayback Machine 3864: 3860: 3854:Wayback Machine 3845: 3841: 3832:Wayback Machine 3819: 3815: 3809:Wayback Machine 3800: 3796: 3790:Wayback Machine 3781: 3777: 3768:Wayback Machine 3755: 3751: 3742:Wayback Machine 3735:Precious Metals 3732: 3728: 3719:Wayback Machine 3709: 3705: 3694:Wayback Machine 3681: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3624: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3577: 3573: 3564:Wayback Machine 3554: 3550: 3544:Wayback Machine 3535: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3513:Wayback Machine 3500: 3496: 3486: 3484: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3463:Chicago Tribune 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3391:Wayback Machine 3382: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3315:Wayback Machine 3302: 3298: 3292:Wayback Machine 3279: 3275: 3246: 3242: 3233:Wayback Machine 3224: 3220: 3214:Wayback Machine 3201: 3197: 3191:Wayback Machine 3178: 3171: 3162:Wayback Machine 3149: 3145: 3136:Wayback Machine 3126: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3088:Wayback Machine 3075: 3071: 3065:Wayback Machine 3056: 3049: 3043:Wayback Machine 3030: 3026: 3017:Wayback Machine 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2955:"Archived item" 2953: 2952: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2919: 2915: 2909:Wayback Machine 2900: 2896: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2824: 2822: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2764: 2719:Petroski, Henry 2716: 2707: 2698:Wayback Machine 2688: 2684: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2444: 2442: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2320:The Red Feather 2214:(1970), at the 2136:La Grande voile 1955:Josephine Baker 1916: 1909: 1898: 1889: 1884: 1878: 1869: 1859: 1850: 1836: 1827: 1809: 1800: 1790: 1781: 1771: 1762: 1752: 1743: 1742:Berlin, Germany 1741: 1735: 1726: 1721: 1711: 1702: 1692: 1683: 1673: 1664: 1655: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1593: 1501:on the artist. 1471: 1462: 1454:draft resisters 1414: 1383:Perls Galleries 1363: 1348: 1343: 1212:Venice Biennale 1203: 1178:by his father, 1164:in Albany, NY. 1149: 1087:solo exhibition 1085:Calder's first 1075: 1063:Bella Rosenfeld 1023: 952: 934:publication of 931: 885: 777:stainless steel 742:La Grande Voile 689:agrandissements 650: 617:Red is Dominant 490: 485: 330:H. F. Alexander 302:Delta Tau Delta 289: 287:Life and career 234:Oracle, Arizona 201:Académie Julian 168: 134: 130: 85:Alma mater 80: 77: 73: 64: 58: 49: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5696: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5570: 5569: 5538: 5534: 5533: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5480: 5472: 5464: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5418: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5403:Calder Gardens 5400: 5394: 5388: 5386:Wire sculpture 5383: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5367: 5359: 5351: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5311: 5303: 5295: 5287: 5283:Bent Propeller 5279: 5271: 5263: 5255: 5247: 5239: 5231: 5223: 5215: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5175: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5152: 5151: 5144: 5137: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5076: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5045: 5044:External links 5042: 5041: 5040: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5018: 5010: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4981: 4964: 4938: 4920: 4905: 4891: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4863: 4834: 4804: 4765: 4737: 4707: 4661: 4644:gryphonrue.com 4631: 4592: 4554: 4523: 4504: 4472: 4442: 4411: 4377: 4353: 4331: 4306: 4280: 4255: 4231: 4196: 4183: 4160: 4145:. Calder.org. 4134: 4109: 4086: 4063: 4040: 4021: 4012: 3981: 3964:"Stamp Series" 3955: 3929: 3903: 3877: 3858: 3839: 3813: 3794: 3783:Calder Jewelry 3775: 3749: 3726: 3703: 3672: 3641: 3622: 3602: 3571: 3548: 3526: 3517: 3494: 3468: 3450: 3425: 3395: 3376: 3349: 3319: 3296: 3273: 3240: 3218: 3195: 3169: 3143: 3117: 3092: 3069: 3047: 3024: 3002: 2972: 2946: 2913: 2894: 2878: 2853: 2841: 2832: 2806: 2797: 2762: 2705: 2682: 2664: 2655: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2599: 2584:. Calder.org. 2573: 2564: 2555: 2542: 2512: 2482: 2452: 2422: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2377: 2369: 2358: 2348: 2338: 2326: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2295: 2285: 2277: 2264: 2251: 2248: 2239: 2223: 2209: 2199: 2195:Bent Propeller 2191: 2179: 2168: 2157: 2147: 2133: 2125: 2113: 2099: 2087: 2081: 2073:Stillman House 2069: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2033: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1993: 1984: 1978: 1975:Small Feathers 1972: 1966: 1963:Folies Bergère 1959:La revue nègre 1948: 1945: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1917: 1915: 1914:Selected works 1912: 1911: 1910: 1899: 1892: 1890: 1879: 1872: 1870: 1860: 1853: 1851: 1837: 1830: 1828: 1810: 1803: 1801: 1799:, Pennsylvania 1791: 1784: 1782: 1772: 1765: 1763: 1753: 1746: 1744: 1736: 1729: 1727: 1712: 1705: 1703: 1699:Moderna Museet 1693: 1686: 1684: 1674: 1667: 1665: 1648: 1641: 1639: 1630: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1592: 1589: 1570:Two White Dots 1562:Two White Dots 1550:Two White Dots 1546:Two White Dots 1542:Two White Dots 1534:Two White Dots 1522:Two White Dots 1470: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1413: 1410: 1375:Galerie Maeght 1367:Pierre Matisse 1362: 1359: 1357:by late 2024. 1351:Calder Gardens 1347: 1346:Calder Gardens 1344: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1228:Carnegie Prize 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1156:, Madrid; the 1148: 1145: 1122:Marcel Duchamp 1074: 1071: 1055:Marcel Duchamp 1022: 1019: 951: 948: 930: 927: 884: 881: 817:Bent Propeller 731:. Many of his 721:Estadio Azteca 707:in Paris, and 649: 646: 575:Marcel Duchamp 518:wire sculpture 489: 486: 484: 481: 477:a heart attack 459:Indre-et-Loire 428:Marcel Duchamp 338:H.F. Alexander 288: 285: 265:Spuyten Duyvil 167: 164: 122: 121: 108: 104: 103: 100: 99:Known for 96: 95: 86: 82: 81: 78: 76:(aged 78) 70: 66: 65: 59: 55: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5695: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5521: 5515: 5514:Audrey Munson 5512: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5439: 5434: 5432: 5427: 5425: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5404: 5401: 5399:(grandfather) 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5323:Flying Dragon 5320: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5296: 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