224:
20:
126:
700:
712:
145:, and "a powerful and enterprising collector of Roman antiquities and patron of the arts... He used both ancient and modern art as a form of cultural capital," Seymour Howard observed, "giving away acquisitions as favours and selling them for perpetually needed funds or when they lost efficacy for him." His first apprenticeship in this area was served under the papal antiquary and curator
688:
280:
As a cardinal Albani participated in the conclaves of 1724, 1730, 1740, 1758, 1769, and 1774-1775. He announced the elections of Pope
Clement XIII (1758), Pope Clement XIV (1769) and Pope Pius VI (1775). His consistent stand against French interests brought him closer to those of the Hapsburgs; he
219:
troops since 1707. Sir Horace Mann, a close correspondant with Horace
Walpole in England at the request of the Cardinal, arranged for John Chute of 'The Vyne' in Hampshire, who was enjoying the Grand Tour, to spy on the Jacobites, who were in Rome making their plans for an invasion of England from
42:(from 1721) he furthered the interests of the governments of Austria, Savoy and Britain against those of France and Spain; he was a noted jurist and papal administrator in his earlier career. Upon his death he was the last cardinal created by Pope
97:
Albani, who convinced
Alessandro to set aside his budding military career. In part, his weak eyesight, that led to blindness in his advanced age, was not propitious for a soldier, and hence Alessandro entered the clergy. After
66:
University in Rome. Early in life he also prepared for a military career. At the age of 9 years, on 26 August 1701, he was made an honorary member of the military brotherhood of justice of the
30:(15 October 1692 – 11 December 1779) was a Roman Catholic cardinal remembered as a leading collector of antiquities, dealer and art patron in Rome. He supported the art historian,
323:
and celebrated as complete in 1763, to house his evolving, constantly replaced and renewed collections of antiquities and ancient Roman sculpture, which soon filled the
594:"Winckelmann, like other eighteenth-century 'Arcadians' before him, served as Albani's ally or minion, not as his director," Howard observes (Howard 1993:239.).
259:, for which Vittorio Amedeo expressed his gratitude to Cardinal Alessandro with a rich abbacy and the title of "Protector of the Kingdom". Within the Papal
188:
156:
and was a powerful advocate for his favourites. Among the works of modern artists that passed through his hands was the album of drawings by
667:
757:
385:. Perhaps the villa and a casina in the park were by Marchionni. Excavations in the park brought to light many ancient Roman sculptures.
354:, who were themselves related to the Albani and by this time had added the Albani name to their own. The Chigi eventually sold it to the
752:
742:
319:
Alessandro commissioned in 1745 the construction of the prominent Villa Albani in Rome. Building began in 1751 according to
187:, the British envoy at Florence, who caused Clement many occasions of concern. Named papal envoy, with his brother Cardinal
335:
was the architect in charge, at the Villa and perhaps also for the two temples in the park, an Ionic temple of Diana and a
662:
428:
223:
141:
Albani developed into one of the most astute antiquarians of his day, an arbiter of taste in the appreciation of
498:
Other cardinals of the Albani family include Gian
Girolamo (1570), Gian Francesco (1747), and Giuseppe (1801) (
339:. The Albani antiquities were catalogued by the Cardinal's secretary, the first professional art historian,
747:
569:
296:
against the interference of
Catholic monarchs in the diplomacy that surrounded the eventual expulsion and
184:
347:
stranded him in Rome without his pension, and whose own connoisseurship was sharpened by the connection.
204:
176:
161:
239:
Albani's accommodating manner suited him for diplomatic tasks, such as the successful negotiations with
678:
340:
297:
31:
559:
in Rome. As
Austria's ally, Britain, had no official representation, Albani performed necessary duties
358:, the Roman bankers, to whom the villa still belongs. Cardinal Albani's coins and medals went to the
435:
381:, that was finished in February 1732, but was habitable for a few weeks only in spring because of
412:
196:
285:, from 1756 until his death. On 12 August 1761 he was appointed Librarian of Holy Roman Church.
536:
303:
He died on 11 December 1779 and was buried in the
Observant Franciscan Church of San Pietro in
114:- for which Alessandro required numerous special dispensations, not least because his brother,
39:
153:
475:
243:
over conflicting rights of nomination and investiture, aggravated by the acquisition by the
737:
732:
269:
considered the terms of the accords too generous. Tensions increased with the accession of
208:
146:
603:
According to the inscription on a drawing of the villa's ground-plan in the possession of
19:
8:
344:
35:
704:
256:
240:
180:
103:
67:
43:
651:
134:
467:
220:
Scotland. Information he collected was passed to Albani and then sent to
England.
692:
585:
A brief bibliography of Albani and Villa Albani is given in Howard 1993:239 note 2.
332:
289:
270:
165:
469:
468:
Herbermann, Charles George; Knights of
Columbus; Catholic Truth Committee (1913).
445:
359:
142:
115:
107:
99:
94:
86:
183:, who shared many of Alessandro Albani's interests, and his correspondence with
244:
119:
58:, then part of the Papal States. He was the son of Orazio Albani. His studied
726:
604:
556:
499:
320:
232:
179:
as his perennial guest in Rome) was exemplified by his friendship with Baron
172:
157:
82:
59:
125:
716:
351:
228:
568:
The Albani-Mann correspondence forms a large part of the documentation of
657:
535:
John
Fleming, "Cardinal Albani's drawings at Windsor — their purchase by
130:
63:
636:
367:
363:
277:
was arrived at in 1741, Alessandro Albani signed on the part of Savoy.
625:
Carlo Marchionni. Ein Beitrag zur römischen Architektur des Settecento
350:
After the Napoleonic upheavals the Albani heirs sold the villa to the
255:
pretensions. Accords were finalised in 1727 during the pontificate of
274:
212:
93:
in the 15th century. Alessandro's father, Orazio, was the brother of
699:
371:
355:
328:
282:
248:
216:
382:
265:
192:
171:
His worldly manner and his sympathy with the Hanoverian party in
90:
75:
513:
Seymour Howard, 'Some Eighteenth-Century 'Restored' Boxers', in
474:. The New York Public Library: Robert Appleton Company. p.
308:
304:
252:
200:
152:
He was the formal protector of Rome's artists as patron of the
55:
378:
366:, columns and sculptures have been dispersed, but the famous
336:
260:
71:
211:, and to conclude the negotiations for the restitution of
574:
Connoisseurs and Secret Agents in Eighteenth-Century Rome
377:
Cardinal Alessandro Albani had another villa and park at
203:
in an attempt to retain Papal territorial rights in the
118:, had been made a cardinal in 1711 and still sat in the
106:
appointed Alessandro as a cardinal, on 16 July 1721 as
676:
343:, who was supported by Albani from the time when the
555:
were notorious and Albani was the representative of
85:(branch of Urbino), which originated from into the
16:
Roman Catholic cardinal and antiquarian (1692–1779)
54:Alessandro Albani was born on 15 October 1692 in
724:
89:that had established itself there from northern
515:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
362:, over which he had presided from 1761. The
327:that faced the Villa down a series of formal
273:, who was unsympathetic to Savoy. When a new
546:(1958:164-69; A. Blunt and Cook's catalogue.
663:Cardinal Albani and the Villa Albani, Anzio
436:Oldest living Member of the Sacred College
74:, and in 1707, a colonel of a regiment of
396:Alessandro Albani, patrono delle arti ...
251:, to which the papacy had long-standing
222:
124:
18:
725:
133:from Alessandro Albani's collection (
669:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
281:represented Hapsburg Austria at the
652:Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church:
623:The casina illustrated in J. Gaus,
13:
758:Italian people of Albanian descent
429:Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini
388:
292:Albani realigned himself with the
14:
769:
645:
637:Roberto Piperno, "Rome art lover"
517:; 56 (1993, pp. 238-255) p. 238f.
710:
698:
686:
440:7 March 1774 - 11 December 1779
34:and commissioned paintings from
630:
617:
597:
314:
227:A mid-18th-century view of the
81:Alessandro was a member of the
753:18th-century Italian cardinals
588:
579:
562:
549:
529:
520:
507:
492:
461:
300:from most Catholic countries.
1:
743:Religious leaders from Urbino
263:, however, the party of the
78:in the pontifical military.
49:
7:
406:
400:Studi sul Settecento Romano
331:. Albani's lifelong friend
205:duchy of Parma and Piacenza
10:
774:
658:Casino of the Villa Albani
614:No. 792 (March 1969:164f).
487:illyricum sacrum albanian.
341:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
298:Suppression of the Jesuits
32:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
471:The Catholic Encyclopedia
442:
433:
425:
420:
199:, he was sent in 1720 to
160:that was sold in 1763 to
454:
164:and is conserved in the
102:'s death in March 1721,
609:The Burlington Magazine
413:Albani (disambiguation)
215:, in the possession of
197:Frederick IV of Denmark
374:remains in the villa.
236:
207:, recently awarded to
138:
24:
501:Catholic Encyclopedia
288:During the papacy of
226:
154:Accademia di San Luca
128:
22:
673:: Albani, Alessandro
177:the Stuart pretender
147:Marcantonio Sabatini
112:Sant’Adriano al Foro
748:Artists from Urbino
36:Anton Raphael Mengs
394:Debenedetti, ed.,
257:Pope Benedict XIII
241:Vittorio Amedeo II
237:
209:Charles de Bourbon
181:Philipp von Stosch
139:
104:Pope Innocent XIII
68:Knights of St John
25:
23:Alessandro Albani.
654:Alessandro Albani
539:for George III",
452:
451:
443:Succeeded by
28:Alessandro Albani
765:
715:
714:
713:
703:
702:
691:
690:
689:
682:
671:, 1, pp. 595-598
639:
634:
628:
621:
615:
601:
595:
592:
586:
583:
577:
566:
560:
553:
547:
533:
527:
526:Howard 1993:239.
524:
518:
511:
505:
496:
490:
489:
484:
482:
465:
426:Preceded by
418:
417:
345:Seven Years' War
333:Carlo Marchionni
290:Pope Clement XIV
271:Pope Clement XII
195:to welcome King
175:- (Clement kept
166:Royal Collection
773:
772:
768:
767:
766:
764:
763:
762:
723:
722:
721:
711:
709:
697:
687:
685:
677:
648:
643:
642:
635:
631:
622:
618:
602:
598:
593:
589:
584:
580:
567:
563:
554:
550:
541:The Connoisseur
534:
530:
525:
521:
512:
508:
497:
493:
480:
478:
466:
462:
457:
448:
446:Ludovico Calini
439:
431:
409:
391:
389:Further reading
360:Vatican Library
317:
185:Sir Horace Mann
143:Roman sculpture
135:Musée du Louvre
116:Annibale Albani
108:Cardinal-Deacon
100:Pope Clement XI
95:Pope Clement XI
87:Albani (family)
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
771:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
720:
719:
707:
695:
675:
674:
665:
660:
655:
647:
646:External links
644:
641:
640:
629:
616:
596:
587:
578:
561:
548:
528:
519:
506:
491:
459:
458:
456:
453:
450:
449:
444:
441:
432:
427:
423:
422:
416:
415:
408:
405:
404:
403:
390:
387:
316:
313:
245:House of Savoy
120:Sacred College
51:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
770:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
718:
708:
706:
701:
696:
694:
684:
683:
680:
672:
670:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:
638:
633:
626:
620:
613:
610:
606:
605:Anthony Blunt
600:
591:
582:
575:
571:
565:
558:
557:Maria Theresa
552:
545:
542:
538:
532:
523:
516:
510:
503:
502:
495:
488:
477:
473:
472:
464:
460:
447:
438:
437:
430:
424:
419:
414:
411:
410:
401:
397:
393:
392:
386:
384:
380:
379:Porto d'Anzio
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Giuseppe Vasi
312:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
278:
276:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
234:
233:Giuseppe Vasi
230:
225:
221:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
158:Carlo Maratti
155:
150:
148:
144:
136:
132:
127:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:Albani family
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:jurisprudence
57:
47:
45:
44:Innocent XIII
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
668:
632:
624:
619:
611:
608:
599:
590:
581:
573:
570:Lesley Lewis
564:
551:
543:
540:
531:
522:
514:
509:
500:
494:
486:
479:. Retrieved
470:
463:
434:
399:
395:
376:
349:
324:
318:
315:Villa Albani
302:
293:
287:
279:
264:
238:
229:Villa Albani
170:
151:
140:
111:
80:
53:
27:
26:
738:1779 deaths
733:1692 births
705:Catholicism
607:, noted in
131:Demosthenes
64:La Sapienza
727:Categories
627:, fig. 47.
537:James Adam
402:; 9 (1993)
368:bas-relief
364:sarcophagi
162:George III
693:Biography
337:sham ruin
329:parterres
275:concordat
213:Comacchio
50:Biography
421:Records
407:See also
372:Antinous
356:Torlonia
283:Holy See
249:Sardinia
217:Habsburg
129:Bust of
76:dragoons
40:cardinal
679:Portals
576:, 1961.
383:malaria
294:zelanti
266:zelanti
193:Bologna
173:Britain
91:Albania
62:at the
38:. As a
481:12 May
325:casino
309:Marche
305:Urbino
253:feudal
201:Vienna
56:Urbino
717:Italy
455:Notes
352:Chigi
261:Curia
191:, to
189:Carlo
483:2010
122:.
72:Rome
612:111
544:142
476:255
370:of
247:of
231:by
110:of
70:of
729::
572:,
504:).
485:.
398:=
311:.
307:,
168:.
149:.
137:).
46:.
681::
235:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
