243:, unlike all the other parties, which can count on joining in the government of a bourgeois society." Later in the year, he acknowledged that there had been a "tremendous explosion" of working class resistance, and only a "timorous" reaction from the bourgeoisie, but "It does not at all contradict the fact that the present Russian revolution is a bourgeois revolution." Lenin's sarcastic response was that "admirers of Martynov repeat the lessons of peaceful parliamentarism just at a time when, as they themselves state, actual hostilities have commenced. There is nothing more ridiculous than this pompous emphasis of the slogan 'extreme opposition'."
194:. He proposed that the RSDLP should be guided by spontaneous initiatives by Russian workers, and confront the government on specific issues of pay and working conditions, where there was a reasonable chance of achieving specific improvements, because “the economic struggle is the most widely applicable means of drawing the masses into active political struggle.” He accused the editors of
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would be led by the workers' soviets. But, going back into exile after the revolution had been suppressed, Martynov disowned what he called this "fantastic theory". He was a member of the
Menshevik Organisation Committee from 1912, and supported the Menshevik Internationalists during the war, most of which he spent in Switzerland. He returned to Russia by train through with
327:, who met Martynov in exile in Switzerland in 1904, he was a fine raconteur. "No one could have imagined that this fat, unattractive-looking man with a lisp, who suffered from a dreadful form of eczema on his hands and head, had a tremendous gift of poetical description," he wrote, adding that he "could not understand" how Martynov could have become a communist.
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Martynov was one of two 'Economist' delegates to the RSDLP congress in
Brussels in July 1903, and gave a lengthy response to Lenin's attack, claiming that Lenin's reliance on professional revolutionaries "opens a deep fissure between the leading elements of the movement and the working-class masses,
211:
published in 1902, to attacking 'Economists' for being "determined always to follow behind the movement and be its tail..." Specifically, he said that
Martynov's error was thinking that "it is possible to develop the class political consciousness of the workers from within" when, according to Lenin,
260:
were able to control events, he concluded: "The Social
Democrats alone have boldly raised the slogan of permanent revolution at the present time, they alone will lead the masses to the last and decisive victory. 'Permanent revolution' was a slogan used by Trotsky, who believed that the revolution
63:
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and others, and like Martov, was one of the minority who opposed the war effort. He was elected to the
Menshevik Central Committee in December 1917, but he broke with the party in 1918, during the
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walked out after the
Congress declined to recognise the Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad as a constituent organisation, so neither was present when the RSDLP split into two factions, the
239:
in which he forecast that the
Russian aristocracy was about to be overthrown and replaced by a 'bourgeois' government, and argued that the RSDLP "is and should remain
228:. Later, he joined the Mensheviks, and was one of the faction's leading theorists. Trotsky described him as the "semi-official philosopher of Menshevist tactics."
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384:
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region. He became a
Marxist after his release, and joined the social democrats in 1899. In 1901, he emigrated to Switzerland and joined the
781:
315:. In 1930, he claimed that the rise of the Nazi party was "necessary condition" for the "decisive" victory of the workers' revolution.
276:, Martynov claimed that there no longer was an ideological difference between him and the Soviet government. He was admitted to the
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between the activity of an exclusive party and the broad struggle of the working class." But he and his fellow
Economist
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of focusing too much on long term political issues that were too far removed from the workers' immediate experience.
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The
Russian Revolution of 1905, The Workers' Movement and the Formation of Bolshevism and Menshevism
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Members of the Central Committee of the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
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303:. He became one of the Soviet Union's leading spokesmen on world communism. He advocated for the
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144:;) (Russian: Александр Самойлович Мартынов) (12 December 1865 – 5 June 1935) was a leading
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212:"class political consciousness can be brought to the workers only from without."
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Sotsial'demokraticheskiia pobiedy i burzhuezno-demokraticheskie. (pseud. ) 1904
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Evrei i evreĭskiĭ narod 1948-1953: sbornik materialov iz sovetskoĭ pechati
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Tr. Social democratic party struggles to exchange degrees of democracy
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late in summer 1905, Martynov took on the editorship of the newspaper
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551:"Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution"
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of 1917, and for a few years after the revolution a critic of
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444:. Stanford, Cal: Hoover Institution Press. p. 262.
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The Making of Three Russian Revolutionaries. Edited by
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In the 1920s, Martynov worked as a researcher at the
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The son of a Jewish timber merchant, Martynov joined
595:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan. p. 16.
520:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. p. 316.
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676:Tr. Strictures on the policies of Ilyich Lenin.
757:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
231:In January 1905, just before the start of the
407:. Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press.
694:Tr. We and they are facing the countryside
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442:Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern
357:Мы И Они Лицом К Деревне. (pseud. ) 1925
178:Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad
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495:. London: New Park. 1978. p. 150.
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204:devoted whole sections of his pamphlet
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645:Александр Самойлович Мартынов - Пиккер
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122:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
538:. Chicago: Chigaco U.P. pp. 8–9.
354:Peredovye i otstalye. (pseud. ) 1905.
351:Передовые И Отсталые. (pseud. ) 1905.
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337:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
782:Politicians from the Russian Empire
593:The Twilight of Comintern 1930-1935
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299:, and from 1924, he worked for the
241:the party of the extreme opposition
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180:As chief editor of the magazine
90:, Minsk Province, Russian Empire
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272:After the introduction of the
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48:Aleksandr Samoilovich Martynov
16:Russian politician (1865–1935)
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707:Encyclopedia of Marxism - MIA
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307:to subordinate itself to the
297:Sverdlov Communist University
55:Александр Самойлович Мартынов
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
616:Valentinov, Nikolay (1968).
534:Schwarz, Soloman M. (1967).
256:, and seeing how little the
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142:Aleksandr Samoilovich Pikker
77:Aleksandr Samoilovich Pikker
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747:Russian Marxist journalists
557:. Marxists Internet Archive
473:. Marxists Internet Archive
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311:, until the debacle of the
289:Marx–Engels–Lenin Institute
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284:for the rest of his life.
19:In this name that follows
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403:Pinkus, Benjamin (1973).
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685:Tr. Forward and backward
440:Lazitch, Branko (1973).
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305:Chinese Communist Party
301:Communist International
186:he was a leader of the
555:Lenin Internet Archive
516:Trotsky, Leon (1973).
471:Lenin Internet Archive
291:and a lecturer at the
148:politician before the
620:. London: Oxford U.P.
618:Encounters with Lenin
467:"What is to be Done?"
84:12 December] 1865
385:Ziva Galili y Garcia
158:permanent revolution
591:Carr, E.H. (1986).
218:Vladimir Makhnovets
207:What Is to Be Done?
767:Russian socialists
762:Russian communists
381:Leopold H. Haimson
325:Nikolai Valentinov
313:Guangzhou Uprising
150:Russian Revolution
752:People from Pinsk
580:. p. 317-18.
293:Communist Academy
267:Russian Civil War
237:Two Dictatorships
170:The People’s Will
138:Alexandr Martinov
134:Alexandr Martynov
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561:24 September
559:. Retrieved
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549:Lenin, V.I.
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477:23 September
475:. Retrieved
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101:(1935-06-05)
99:June 5, 1935
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737:1935 deaths
732:1865 births
319:Personality
33:family name
29:Samoilovich
727:Mensheviks
716:Categories
362:References
309:Kuomintang
226:Mensheviks
222:Bolsheviks
126:Mensheviks
25:patronymic
576:Trotsky.
421:. Khronos
367:Citations
188:Economist
164:Biography
146:Menshevik
331:See also
295:and the
160:(1923).
140:; also,
38:Martynov
701:General
641:Russian
253:Nachalo
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448:
258:Kadets
174:Kolyma
107:Moscow
23:, the
629:Notes
202:Lenin
197:Iskra
192:RSDLP
88:Pinsk
597:ISBN
578:1905
563:2021
518:1905
497:ISBN
479:2021
446:ISBN
427:2021
392:p480
224:and
111:USSR
96:Died
82:O.S.
73:Born
274:NEP
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