3257:
553:
164:
473:
2294:
2915:
485:
2558:
956:
36:
2345:
2963:
732:
1435:'s Bible translation of the 1520s. The 1665 revision of the Froschauer Bible removed the Alemannic elements, approaching the language used by Luther. For this reason, no binding orthographical standard for writing modern Alemannic emerged, and orthographies in use usually compromise between a precise phonological notation, and proximity to the familiar Standard German orthography (in particular for loanwords).
2282:
1637:
554:
165:
2190:
2672:
1155:
1107:
3932:
3245:
3223:
2654:
2205:
2831:
2821:
2836:
1665:, it's not a single dialect, so something more is needed (a further specification if it is Alemannic proper or Swabian, or of the location, ...).
2841:
2826:
2546:
2333:
2951:
930:
Standard German is used in writing and in
Germany orally in formal contexts throughout the Alemannic-speaking regions (with the exception of
4307:
3385:
2524:
2311:
4105:
495:
2929:
811:
framework is used to decide what is a language and what is a dialect. According to this framework, Alemannic varieties of German form a
2182:
3238:
1091:
but shifts them to , (as opposed to
Standard German , ). For this reason, "Swabian" is also used in opposition to "Alemannic".
1028:
100:
2246:
1246:
diphthongisation of other dialects of German. For example: ('to snow') instead of , ('to build') instead of . Subvariants:
1000:
72:
3922:
2777:
5355:
2286:
517:
4834:
3253:
1007:
79:
5365:
5330:
2539:
2326:
5350:
3231:
2944:
2236:
2155:
1687:
1669:
1047:
977:
775:
119:
53:
17:
985:
757:
3378:
1014:
86:
824:
507:
5360:
981:
742:
198:
57:
5345:
5201:
2918:
2868:
2532:
2319:
996:
68:
2554:
2341:
378:
5231:
4401:
4363:
4348:
2937:
2213:
808:
3675:
1193:
1101:
5211:
5071:
4421:
4380:
4370:
3371:
2959:
2463:
1590:) elsewhere. High Alemannic, Lake Constance Alemannic and Highest Alemannic dialects exclusively use the
1189:
250:
2262:
3587:
3342:
2408:
4928:
3214:
3013:
2063:
1652:
547:
158:
5340:
5206:
5160:
5155:
5079:
4689:
4673:
4552:
4411:
4302:
4297:
3261:
2752:
1519:). As in standard German, these suffixes cause umlaut. Depending on dialect, 'little house' may be
1424:
1219:
1170:), a transitional dialect, close to High Alemannic, with some Swabian features in the vowel system.
966:
2298:
5145:
5089:
5084:
5004:
4677:
4627:
3927:
3745:
3501:
3429:
3417:
3151:
3141:
2796:
970:
753:
304:
294:
254:
46:
5267:
4987:
4385:
655:
5150:
4632:
4598:
4216:
4032:
3892:
3732:
3627:
2900:
2735:
2435:
2430:
2403:
2364:
477:
Blue indicates the traditional distribution area of
Western Upper German (=Alemannic) dialects.
1431:, which emerged from sixteenth century Early Modern High German, in particular in the wake of
1021:
93:
5308:
5272:
4540:
4533:
4485:
4255:
4226:
4195:
4158:
4083:
3840:
3753:
3614:
3576:
3352:
3280:
2784:
2712:
1408:
1173:
1129:
851:
712:
694:
690:
402:
314:
267:
246:
4773:
3648:
1562:
Northern variants of
Alemannic (Swabian and Low Alemannic), like standard German, pronounce
5277:
5257:
5226:
5099:
4959:
4705:
4523:
4115:
3942:
3904:
3899:
3773:
3720:
3478:
3347:
3083:
3055:
2762:
2562:
2509:
2349:
2053:
1499:
is used frequently in all
Alemannic dialects. Northern and eastern dialects use the suffix
1243:
1097:
659:
642:
4933:
3095:
905:
749:
595:
194:
8:
5216:
4452:
4406:
4340:
4093:
3740:
3653:
3451:
3065:
2967:
2813:
2772:
2757:
560:
4763:
4608:
3855:
3316:
3050:
575:
Alemannic dialects are spoken by approximately ten million people in several countries:
5262:
5186:
5114:
5104:
5059:
4821:
4748:
4645:
4490:
4465:
4460:
4353:
4181:
4066:
3887:
3665:
3660:
3639:
3600:
3404:
3394:
3181:
2885:
2593:
2468:
2458:
1438:
1396:
1239:
1084:
299:
4416:
1662:
451:
5335:
5236:
5035:
4951:
4944:
4899:
4843:
4603:
4593:
4576:
4571:
4475:
4358:
4237:
4037:
3998:
3978:
3816:
3708:
3690:
3542:
3176:
3091:
3038:
2801:
2789:
2682:
2629:
2607:
2490:
2425:
2398:
2306:
2242:
1647:
1460:
1452:
1388:
1293:
828:
820:
812:
793:
789:
638:
459:
3166:
3161:
2148:
1395:, a considerable part of the Old High German corpus has Alemannic traits. Alemannic
513:
5191:
4982:
4916:
4872:
4867:
4827:
4816:
4808:
4613:
4581:
4528:
4430:
4139:
4078:
3868:
3850:
3685:
3446:
3438:
3310:
3306:
3290:
3186:
3156:
3136:
3087:
3075:
3032:
3028:
3017:
3002:
2880:
2854:
2744:
2703:
2617:
1479:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1392:
1305:
1235:
1115:
939:
875:
599:
412:
5028:
3121:
1285:
5221:
5181:
5014:
4921:
4904:
4889:
4884:
4877:
4586:
4495:
4480:
4435:
4287:
4250:
4242:
4221:
4208:
4188:
4174:
3937:
3914:
3845:
3835:
3827:
3607:
3131:
3105:
3070:
3023:
3009:
2981:
2767:
2720:
2622:
2602:
2581:
2576:
2420:
2393:
2368:
2058:
1428:
1297:
1249:
1080:
935:
801:
667:
616:
472:
286:
181:
5302:
5196:
5176:
5128:
5020:
4894:
4564:
4331:
4270:
4049:
4006:
3963:
3880:
3875:
3764:
3714:
3565:
3516:
3471:
3464:
3146:
3126:
3079:
3060:
3044:
2725:
2677:
2646:
2497:
2485:
2453:
1742:
1301:
1289:
1209:
1199:
1064:
901:
797:
563:. The name derives from the ancient Germanic tribal confederation known as the
426:
346:
2133:
2119:
2105:
2091:
1159:
1076:
701:
there and also in their daughter settlements in
Indiana and other U.S. states.
5324:
5252:
5094:
4850:
4801:
4618:
4557:
4470:
4375:
4313:
4260:
4144:
4071:
3285:
3171:
3099:
2687:
2634:
1464:
1432:
1400:
1281:
1254:
1204:
1163:
915:
708:
686:
625:
620:
436:
357:
309:
242:
216:
211:
27:
Group of dialects of the Upper German branch of the
Germanic language family
5121:
4545:
4509:
4442:
4265:
4088:
4061:
4044:
3988:
3947:
3529:
3508:
3326:
3321:
3275:
2875:
2475:
2073:
2068:
1265:
1185:
1139:
1104:
as (or ) rather than fricativising to as in High
Alemannic. Subvariants:
885:
416:
353:
319:
234:
4768:
431:
421:
407:
397:
4938:
4911:
4729:
4637:
4319:
4280:
3863:
3558:
3522:
3457:
3256:
1384:
1177:
1147:
889:
816:
582:
177:
4783:
2293:
4778:
4758:
4123:
3793:
3494:
2502:
2415:
2138:
2124:
2110:
2096:
1496:
1181:
1167:
612:
207:
4964:
4712:
4275:
4056:
4011:
3983:
3809:
3363:
3202:
1468:
1448:
1133:
865:
855:
840:
836:
704:
444:
388:
370:
263:
4788:
1723:
1658:
1597:
In most
Alemannic dialects, the past participle of the verb meaning
1404:
955:
835:, describe Alemannic as one of several independent languages. While
760:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
484:
35:
4753:
4101:
1586:
1568:
1456:
1427:. From the seventeenth century, written Alemannic was displaced by
675:
646:
564:
525:
238:
4794:
4390:
4292:
2557:
2344:
1231:
1072:
671:
608:
603:
591:
586:
521:
258:
203:
190:
185:
1083:). Unlike most other Alemannic dialects, it does not retain the
800:
in the relatively flat north and more of the characteristics of
4097:
2962:
2281:
1227:
1223:
1123:
1119:
1068:
1060:
Alemannic in the broad sense comprises the following variants:
931:
919:
879:
832:
663:
634:
630:
492:
225:
221:
4015:
1483:
1411:
from the fourteenth century led to the creation of
Alemannic
1143:
1111:
698:
651:
230:
1503:; western varieties (e.g. northern Alsace) uses the suffix
923:
524:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1264:
The Alemannic dialects of Switzerland are often called
1610:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
145:
1300:
period, the first coherent texts are recorded in the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1482:wrote and published exclusively in the dialect of
585:: all German-speaking parts of the country except
2183:"Alemannic German and other features of language"
5322:
2234:
1447:in 1803. Swiss authors often consciously employ
2238:Ricardo Porros Architektur in Vaduz und Havanna
1280:The oldest known texts in Alemannic are brief
3379:
3239:
2945:
2540:
2327:
2180:
1547:). Some varieties have plural diminutives in
807:In Germany and other European countries, the
491:Alemannic is classified as Vulnerable by the
1442:
1419:'s Bible translation of the 1520s (the 1531
904:, mainly spoken in the central-southeastern
821:differentiate between languages and dialects
2267:(in German). J. Thorbecke. 1998. p. 7.
984:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3386:
3372:
3246:
3232:
2952:
2938:
2547:
2533:
2334:
2320:
2241:(in German). Books on Demand. p. 76.
1284:inscriptions dating to the sixth century (
483:
471:
1688:Learn how and when to remove this message
1605:in standard German, with past participle
1048:Learn how and when to remove this message
776:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
496:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
1507:/l̩/; southern dialects use the suffix
839:does not distinguish between dialects,
678:, in some other villages almost extinct
518:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
5323:
3393:
2235:Phaf-Rheinberger, Ineke (2021-01-12).
546:
157:
5057:
4671:
3415:
3367:
3227:
2933:
2528:
2315:
2156:"Swiss German / Alemannic / Alsatian"
1349:prooth unseer emezzihic kip uns hiutu
641:dialect) and in some villages of the
1630:
1275:
1230:settlements (e.g., in the canton of
982:adding citations to reliable sources
949:
725:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3948:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
1399:is less prominent, in spite of the
1238:and in the German-speaking part of
1184:, and in the southern parts of the
1158:(Bodenseealemannisch) (in Southern
796:spoken in the mountainous south to
24:
5307:Languages between parentheses are
4672:
2203:
2193:from the original on 10 June 2017.
2085:
1701:Some conjugated forms of the verb
1489:
25:
5377:
2274:
2181:Jordioechsler (5 November 2013).
1423:) was in an Alemannic variant of
1370:enti ni unsih firleit in khorunka
872:language, is recognised here as:
854:, a dialect spoken since 1843 in
3255:
2961:
2914:
2913:
2556:
2343:
2292:
2280:
1635:
1451:within Standard German, notably
1403:compiled by Johannes Hadlaub of
1304:, among them the eighth-century
1100:dialects. Retain German initial
954:
730:
34:
2307:Alemannic encyclopedia -German-
1584:) and as a palatal consonant (
1314:Fater unser, thu bist in himile
1094:Alemannic in the strict sense:
942:of Alemannic is used instead).
815:and are clearly dialects. Some
570:
45:needs additional citations for
5311:of the language on their left.
2255:
2228:
2197:
2174:
1609:) derives from a form akin to
13:
1:
5202:Germanic substrate hypothesis
5058:
2297:The dictionary definition of
2160:IANA language subtag registry
2079:
1383:Due to the importance of the
1363:so uuir oblazem uns skuldikem
184:part, except for the town of
5232:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
3923:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
843:distinguishes four of them:
823:primarily on the grounds of
804:the farther north one goes.
7:
5212:High German consonant shift
2206:"Althochdeutsch (700–1050)"
2106:Alsatian & Swiss German
2047:
1655:. The specific problem is:
1566:as a uvular or velar or (
1377:uzzer losi unsih fona ubile
1190:High German consonant shift
945:
809:abstand and ausbau language
756:the claims made and adding
602:, and certain districts of
10:
5382:
5356:Languages of Liechtenstein
3750:Westlauwers–Terschellings
3403:According to contemporary
1342:so in himile, sosa in erdu
1188:in Germany). Complete the
1075:, covering large parts of
878:, a dialect spoken in the
279:7,162,000 (2004–2012)
5366:Languages of Aosta Valley
5331:Alemannic German language
5294:
5245:
5169:
5138:
5070:
5066:
5053:
5002:
4975:
4929:Southern Schleswig Danish
4860:
4741:
4697:
4688:
4684:
4667:
4508:
4451:
4339:
4330:
4235:
4207:
4166:
4157:
4132:
4114:
4025:
3997:
3971:
3962:
3913:
3826:
3801:
3792:
3731:
3626:
3575:
3550:
3541:
3437:
3428:
3424:
3411:
3401:
3335:
3299:
3268:
3215:Language policy in France
3211:
3195:
3114:
3014:Navarro-Lapurdian dialect
2990:
2974:
2909:
2893:
2867:
2812:
2743:
2734:
2711:
2702:
2663:
2645:
2601:
2592:
2569:
2446:
2386:
2377:
2356:
2064:Muettersproch-Gsellschaft
1455:in his novels set in the
1192:by fricativising initial
918:, mainly spoken in Swiss
868:only considers to be the
721:
504:
482:
470:
458:
442:
386:
368:
363:
343:
283:
273:
173:
153:
144:
139:
134:
5351:Languages of Switzerland
5207:West Germanic gemination
5161:Ancient Belgian language
5156:Germanic parent language
5100:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
4222:Austrian Standard German
3416:
3262:Languages of Switzerland
2869:Other minority languages
2673:Lake Constance Alemannic
1511:(Standard German suffix
1425:Early Modern High German
1156:Lake Constance Alemannic
2144:(subscription required)
2130:(subscription required)
2116:(subscription required)
2102:(subscription required)
1611:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1356:oblaz uns sculdi unsero
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
819:and organisations that
146:
5268:Preterite-present verb
5151:Proto-Germanic grammar
5105:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
4217:German Standard German
3893:East Frisian Low Saxon
2901:Austrian Sign Language
2436:Lower Sorbian language
2431:Upper Sorbian language
1705:in Alemannic dialects
1444:Allemannische Gedichte
1443:
825:mutual intelligibility
788:Alemannic comprises a
594:: centre and south of
548:[alɛˈman(ː)ɪʃ]
506:This article contains
159:[alɛˈman(ː)ɪʃ]
5361:Languages of Piedmont
5273:Grammatischer Wechsel
4256:Namibian Black German
4227:Swiss Standard German
4196:Early New High German
3754:Mainland West Frisian
3615:Harlingerland Frisian
2778:North Pohorje-Remšnik
2016:(ich bin ... gewesen)
1572:) after back vowels (
1409:Old Swiss Confederacy
1108:Upper-Rhine Alemannic
880:eastern France region
713:Colonia Tovar dialect
695:Adams County, Indiana
5346:Languages of Germany
5278:Indo-European ablaut
5258:Germanic strong verb
5227:Germanic spirant law
4364:Southeast Limburgish
3860:Gelders-Overijssels
3489:Irish Middle English
3479:Early Modern English
3300:Major dialect groups
3056:French Sign Language
2563:Languages of Austria
2510:German Sign Language
2369:Standard High German
2350:Languages of Germany
2289:at Wikimedia Commons
2054:Alemannic separatism
1739:Western Swiss German
1736:Eastern Swiss German
1670:improve this article
1651:to meet Knowledge's
1467:, and more recently
1242:) does not have the
978:improve this section
660:Gressoney-Saint-Jean
656:Gressoney-La-Trinité
561:High German dialects
54:improve this article
5246:Synchronic features
5217:Germanic a-mutation
5170:Diachronic features
4520:in the broad sense
4453:East Central German
4407:Lorraine Franconian
4381:Transylvanian Saxon
4341:West Central German
4116:East Low Franconian
4026:West Low Franconian
3066:Lorraine Franconian
2968:Languages of France
2814:Burgenland Croatian
1936:m(i)r send/sön/sinn
1706:
1335:uuerde uuillo diin,
888:, mainly spoken in
5263:Germanic weak verb
5072:Language subgroups
4422:Pennsylvania Dutch
4371:Moselle Franconian
4349:Central Franconian
4182:Middle High German
3933:Central Pomeranian
3888:Northern Low Saxon
3601:Wangerooge Frisian
3395:Germanic languages
3269:Official languages
3115:Overseas languages
2991:Regional languages
2464:Moselle Franconian
2287:Alemannic language
2216:on 18 October 2017
1700:
1439:Johann Peter Hebel
1407:. The rise of the
1397:Middle High German
1196:to . Subvariants:
1085:Middle High German
997:"Alemannic German"
906:Baden-Wuerttemberg
741:possibly contains
210:and some parts of
69:"Alemannic German"
5318:
5317:
5303:extinct languages
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5237:Great Vowel Shift
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
4998:
4997:
4844:Greenlandic Norse
4663:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4594:Southern Bavarian
4577:Northern Bavarian
4553:Highest Alemannic
4504:
4503:
4238:standard variants
4153:
4152:
3999:Standard variants
3958:
3957:
3817:Middle Low German
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3588:Saterland Frisian
3361:
3360:
3343:Swiss-German Sign
3221:
3220:
2975:Official language
2927:
2926:
2863:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2698:
2697:
2683:Highest Alemannic
2630:Southern Bavarian
2611:
2585:
2570:Official language
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2378:Regional/minority
2357:Official language
2285:Media related to
2248:978-3-7526-8278-6
2142:(18th ed., 2015)
2128:(18th ed., 2015)
2114:(18th ed., 2015)
2100:(18th ed., 2015)
2045:
2044:
1720:Lower High Alsace
1712:(standard German)
1698:
1697:
1690:
1653:quality standards
1644:This article may
1539:(Standard German
1461:Friedrich Glauser
1453:Jeremias Gotthelf
1294:Nordendorf fibula
1276:Written Alemannic
1220:Highest Alemannic
1214:Liechtensteinisch
1058:
1057:
1050:
1032:
829:SIL International
813:dialect continuum
794:Highest Alemannic
790:dialect continuum
786:
785:
778:
743:original research
643:Phalsbourg county
596:Baden-Württemberg
559:), is a group of
532:
531:
514:rendering support
510:phonetic symbols.
219:: entire country.
195:Baden-Württemberg
130:
129:
122:
104:
18:Alemannic dialect
16:(Redirected from
5373:
5095:Elbe (Irminonic)
5068:
5067:
5055:
5054:
4983:Mainland Gutnish
4873:Swedish dialects
4835:Middle Icelandic
4809:Middle Norwegian
4698:Historical forms
4695:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4669:
4668:
4628:South Franconian
4614:Hutterite German
4582:Central Bavarian
4402:Rhine Franconian
4337:
4336:
4167:Historical forms
4164:
4163:
4079:Surinamese Dutch
3972:Historical forms
3969:
3968:
3802:Historical forms
3799:
3798:
3551:Historical forms
3548:
3547:
3435:
3434:
3426:
3425:
3413:
3412:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3260:
3259:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3051:Franco-Provençal
3033:Northern Catalan
3018:Souletin dialect
3003:Alsatian dialect
2998:Alemannic German
2966:
2965:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2917:
2916:
2741:
2740:
2709:
2708:
2665:Alemannic German
2655:Tyrolean Swabian
2618:Central Bavarian
2605:
2599:
2598:
2579:
2561:
2560:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2384:
2383:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2300:Alemannic German
2296:
2284:
2269:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2212:. Archived from
2204:Jacobs, Stefan.
2201:
2195:
2194:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2131:
2117:
2103:
2089:
2017:
1984:
1951:
1918:
1885:
1852:
1819:
1786:
1753:
1707:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1614:
1480:Ida Ospelt-Amann
1446:
1421:Froschauer Bible
1417:Huldrych Zwingli
1413:Swiss chronicles
1393:Reichenau Island
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1328:qhueme rihhi din
1323:
1321:uuihi namu dinan
1316:
1236:Bernese Oberland
1224:Canton of Valais
1195:
1130:Alemán Coloniero
1114:and its variant
1110:in Southwestern
1103:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1031:
990:
958:
950:
940:Alsatian dialect
913:
899:
863:
849:
781:
774:
770:
767:
761:
758:inline citations
734:
733:
726:
683:Outside Europe:
558:
557:
556:
550:
498:
487:
475:
466:
454:
434:
424:
410:
400:
391:
382:
381:
373:
349:
289:
268:Alemán Coloniero
233:: some parts of
169:
168:
167:
161:
149:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5341:German dialects
5321:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5282:
5241:
5222:Germanic umlaut
5187:Holtzmann's law
5165:
5134:
5062:
5041:
4994:
4971:
4905:South Jutlandic
4890:Danish dialects
4856:
4737:
4680:
4651:
4633:East Franconian
4587:Viennese German
4500:
4481:Silesian German
4447:
4436:Central Hessian
4326:
4251:Namibian German
4240:
4231:
4209:Standard German
4203:
4189:New High German
4175:Old High German
4149:
4128:
4110:
4021:
3993:
3954:
3938:East Pomeranian
3928:Brandenburgisch
3915:East Low German
3909:
3836:Dutch Low Saxon
3828:West Low German
3822:
3780:
3746:Schiermonnikoog
3727:
3622:
3608:Wursten Frisian
3571:
3537:
3420:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3362:
3357:
3331:
3295:
3264:
3254:
3252:
3222:
3217:
3207:
3191:
3110:
2986:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2928:
2923:
2905:
2889:
2859:
2846:
2808:
2730:
2694:
2659:
2641:
2623:Viennese German
2603:Austro-Bavarian
2588:
2577:Austrian German
2565:
2555:
2553:
2523:
2514:
2442:
2379:
2373:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2277:
2272:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2202:
2198:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2132:
2129:
2118:
2115:
2104:
2101:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2059:German dialects
2050:
2015:
2014:
1982:
1981:
1969:i(i)r sönd/sind
1949:
1948:
1916:
1915:
1883:
1882:
1850:
1849:
1817:
1816:
1810:du büsch/bisch
1784:
1783:
1751:
1750:
1730:Markgräflerland
1729:
1719:
1711:
1694:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1667:
1663:de:Allgäuerisch
1640:
1636:
1492:
1490:Characteristics
1473:Quatemberkinder
1429:Standard German
1298:Old High German
1278:
1270:Schwiizerdütsch
1250:Walliser German
1166:, Northwestern
1162:, Southeastern
1081:Bavarian Swabia
1054:
1043:
1037:
1034:
991:
989:
975:
959:
948:
911:
897:
861:
847:
802:Standard German
782:
771:
765:
762:
747:
735:
731:
724:
668:Alagna Valsesia
617:Reutte District
573:
552:
551:
512:Without proper
500:
499:
490:
478:
464:
450:
430:
429:
420:
419:
406:
405:
396:
395:
387:
377:
376:
369:
356:, Historically
350:
345:
339:
290:
287:Language family
285:
276:
275:Native speakers
262:
241:
229:
220:
215:
202:
199:Bavarian Swabia
189:
182:German-speaking
163:
162:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5379:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5305:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5146:Proto-Germanic
5142:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5064:
5063:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5021:Crimean Gothic
5010:
5008:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4897:
4895:Insular Danish
4892:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4878:Rinkebysvenska
4875:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4831:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4724:Old East Norse
4721:
4719:Old West Norse
4709:
4701:
4699:
4692:
4682:
4681:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4599:South Tyrolean
4591:
4590:
4589:
4579:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4541:High Alemannic
4538:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4409:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4345:
4343:
4334:
4332:Central German
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4273:
4271:Barossa German
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4185:
4178:
4170:
4168:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4050:French Flemish
4042:
4041:
4040:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3966:
3964:Low Franconian
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3832:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3805:
3803:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3765:Westereendersk
3759:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3643:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3566:Middle Frisian
3562:
3554:
3552:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3472:Modern English
3468:
3465:Middle English
3461:
3454:
3443:
3441:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3336:Sign languages
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3045:French Flemish
3041:
3036:
3026:
3021:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2894:Sign languages
2891:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2749:
2747:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2678:High Alemannic
2675:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2647:Swabian German
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2614:
2612:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2498:Low Franconian
2495:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2454:Central German
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2290:
2276:
2275:External links
2273:
2271:
2270:
2254:
2247:
2227:
2210:stefanjacob.de
2196:
2173:
2162:. 8 March 2006
2147:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1696:
1695:
1643:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1595:
1560:
1491:
1488:
1441:published his
1381:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1302:St. Gall Abbey
1290:Pforzen buckle
1277:
1274:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1210:Vorarlbergisch
1207:
1202:
1200:Bernese German
1174:High Alemannic
1171:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1137:
1127:
1092:
1056:
1055:
962:
960:
953:
947:
944:
928:
927:
909:
902:Swabian German
895:
894:
893:
883:
859:
784:
783:
738:
736:
729:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
716:
702:
681:
680:
679:
649:
628:
623:
606:
589:
572:
569:
530:
529:
516:, you may see
502:
501:
489:
488:
480:
479:
476:
468:
467:
462:
456:
455:
448:
440:
439:
392:
384:
383:
374:
366:
365:
364:Language codes
361:
360:
351:
347:Writing system
344:
341:
340:
338:
337:
336:
335:
334:
333:
332:
331:
330:
329:
328:
327:
293:
291:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
271:
270:
175:
174:Native to
171:
170:
155:
151:
150:
142:
141:
137:
136:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5378:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5253:Germanic verb
5251:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5192:Sievers's law
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:Reconstructed
5137:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4952:Middle Danish
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4828:Old Icelandic
4825:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4802:Old Norwegian
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4620:
4619:Gottscheerish
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4558:Walser German
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4524:Low Alemannic
4522:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:High Prussian
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4471:Erzgebirgisch
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4376:Luxembourgish
4374:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4314:Klezmer-loshn
4311:
4309:
4308:Scots Yiddish
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4146:
4145:Meuse-Rhenish
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:Kleverlandish
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4033:Central Dutch
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Stellingwarfs
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3775:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:Wood Frisian
3760:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3628:North Frisian
3625:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3430:Anglo-Frisian
3427:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:Vivaro-Alpine
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2920:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2689:
2688:Walser German
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2635:Gottscheerish
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:at Wiktionary
2302:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2092:Colonia Tovar
2088:
2084:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1947:you (pl.) are
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:mir send/sönd
1926:
1923:
1920:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1782:you (sg.) are
1781:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1733:Upper Swabian
1732:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1692:
1689:
1681:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:crime stories
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:Martin Luther
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:Codex Manesse
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:Bülach fibula
1283:
1282:Elder Futhark
1273:
1271:
1267:
1256:
1255:Walser German
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Zurich German
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1098:Low Alemannic
1096:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:monophthongs
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1041:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999: –
998:
994:
993:Find sources:
987:
983:
979:
973:
972:
968:
963:This section
961:
957:
952:
951:
943:
941:
937:
933:
925:
921:
917:
916:Walser German
910:
907:
903:
896:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
874:
873:
871:
867:
860:
857:
853:
852:Colonia Tovar
846:
845:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
780:
777:
769:
759:
755:
751:
745:
744:
739:This section
737:
728:
727:
714:
710:
709:Colonia Tovar
706:
703:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:United States
685:
684:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:
627:
626:Liechtenstein
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:
588:
584:
581:
580:
578:
577:
576:
568:
567:("all men").
566:
562:
555:
549:
544:
540:
536:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
509:
503:
497:
494:
486:
481:
474:
469:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
446:
441:
438:
435: –
433:
428:
425: –
423:
418:
414:
411: –
409:
404:
403:Colonia Tovar
401: –
399:
393:
390:
385:
380:
375:
372:
367:
362:
359:
358:Elder Futhark
355:
352:
348:
342:
326:
323:
322:
321:
318:
317:
316:
313:
312:
311:
310:Elbe Germanic
308:
307:
306:
305:West Germanic
303:
302:
301:
298:
297:
296:
295:Indo-European
292:
288:
282:
278:
272:
269:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:United States
240:
237:and northern
236:
232:
227:
223:
218:
217:Liechtenstein
213:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
187:
183:
179:
176:
172:
166:
160:
156:
154:Pronunciation
152:
148:
143:
138:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5298:
5182:Verner's law
5127:
5122:Gotho-Nordic
5120:
5113:
5034:
5027:
5019:
5013:
5003:
4988:Fårö Gutnish
4950:
4943:
4849:
4842:
4833:
4826:
4807:
4800:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4644:
4546:Swiss German
4517:
4510:Upper German
4443:Amana German
4417:Volga German
4386:Hunsrückisch
4312:
4266:Unserdeutsch
4261:Berlinerisch
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4133:Cover groups
4089:Mohawk Dutch
4084:Jersey Dutch
4062:East Flemish
4045:West Flemish
3989:Middle Dutch
3943:Low Prussian
3815:
3808:
3774:Terschelling
3758:Clay Frisian
3733:West Frisian
3721:Wiedingharde
3713:
3701:
3661:Heligolandic
3638:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3594:
3577:East Frisian
3564:
3557:
3530:Middle Scots
3528:
3521:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3353:Italian Sign
3327:Swiss German
3142:Guadeloupean
3084:Languedocian
2997:
2876:Sinte Romani
2763:Rosen Valley
2664:
2480:
2476:Upper German
2447:Unrecognized
2299:
2263:
2257:
2237:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2214:the original
2209:
2199:
2186:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2159:
2150:
2137:
2123:
2109:
2095:
2087:
2074:Swiss German
2069:Muggeseggele
2041:i bü/bi gsy
2002:si sind/sönd
1724:Allgäuerisch
1702:
1684:
1678:October 2021
1675:
1668:Please help
1661:" – compare
1659:Allgäuerisch
1656:
1645:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1477:
1472:
1437:
1382:
1279:
1269:
1266:Swiss German
1263:
1186:Black Forest
1140:Basel German
1088:
1059:
1044:
1035:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
992:
976:Please help
964:
929:
920:Upper Valais
886:Swiss German
869:
806:
787:
772:
766:October 2023
763:
740:
574:
571:Distribution
542:
538:
537:, or rarely
534:
533:
505:
443:
417:Swiss German
324:
320:Upper German
257:Counties in
235:Aosta Valley
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5197:Kluge's law
5177:Grimm's law
4960:Dalecarlian
4939:Perkerdansk
4912:East Danish
4730:Old Gutnish
4706:Proto-Norse
4646:Langobardic
4638:Vogtlandian
4466:Upper Saxon
4320:Lachoudisch
4281:Lotegorisch
4159:High German
3905:Westphalian
3900:Eastphalian
3864:Achterhooks
3741:Hindeloopen
3676:Bökingharde
3645:Föhr–Amrum
3559:Old Frisian
3523:Early Scots
3458:Old English
3348:French Sign
3152:Martiniquan
2773:Jaun Valley
2758:Gail Valley
2469:Upper Saxon
2023:ìch bì gsìì
2013:I have been
1801:d(o)u bisch
1715:Low Swabian
1672:if you can.
1385:Carolingian
1306:Paternoster
1180:, parts of
1178:Switzerland
1176:(mostly in
1160:Württemberg
1148:Switzerland
1079:and all of
1077:Württemberg
1067:(mostly in
890:Switzerland
583:Switzerland
579:In Europe:
543:Alemannisch
520:instead of
315:High German
251:Switzerland
245:: Amish in
178:Switzerland
147:Alemannisch
5325:Categories
5029:Burgundian
4945:Old Danish
4934:Gøtudanskt
4917:Bornholmsk
4779:Vestlandsk
4759:Kebabnorsk
4496:Halcnovian
4461:Thuringian
4124:Limburgish
4094:Stadsfries
4067:Brabantian
3794:Low German
3640:Eiderstedt
3495:Fingallian
3213:See also:
2753:Carinthian
2606:(see also
2580:(see also
2503:Limburgish
2416:Low German
2387:Recognized
2166:11 January
2139:Ethnologue
2125:Ethnologue
2111:Ethnologue
2097:Ethnologue
2080:References
2032:i bee gsei
2029:ich bi gsi
2020:i ben gwäa
1983:(sie sind)
1954:ihr sen(d)
1950:(ihr seid)
1917:(wir sind)
1497:diminutive
1449:Helvetisms
1387:abbeys of
1296:). In the
1234:), in the
1182:Vorarlberg
1168:Vorarlberg
1008:newspapers
827:, such as
750:improve it
613:Vorarlberg
539:Alemannish
394:Variously:
224:: most of
208:Vorarlberg
193:: most of
140:Alemannish
80:newspapers
5309:varieties
5301:indicate
5115:Northwest
5060:Philology
4965:Elfdalian
4900:Jutlandic
4822:Icelandic
4797:(written)
4791:(written)
4769:Trøndersk
4749:Norwegian
4713:Old Norse
4534:Coloniero
4518:Alemannic
4491:Wymysorys
4359:Colognian
4354:Ripuarian
4276:Rotwelsch
4106:Midslands
4057:Zeelandic
4038:Hollandic
4012:Afrikaans
3984:Old Dutch
3810:Old Saxon
3709:Karrharde
3691:Goesharde
3672:Mainland
3405:philology
3203:Guillemet
3182:Wallisian
3096:Provençal
3092:Auvergnat
2886:Hungarian
2802:Prekmurje
2797:Pannonian
2481:Alemannic
2459:Ripuarian
2409:Saterland
2380:languages
2187:WordPress
2038:i bi gsy
1987:se sen(d)
1921:mr sen(d)
1876:sia isch
1851:(sie ist)
1807:du bisch
1785:(du bist)
1752:(ich bin)
1478:The poet
1469:Tim Krohn
1226:, in the
1134:Venezuela
965:does not
870:Alemannic
866:ISO 639-2
856:Venezuela
841:ISO 639-3
837:ISO 639-2
817:linguists
792:from the
754:verifying
705:Venezuela
697:, by the
535:Alemannic
445:Glottolog
389:ISO 639-3
371:ISO 639-2
325:Alemannic
264:Venezuela
180:: entire
135:Alemannic
5336:Alemanni
5036:Vandalic
4979:Gutnish
4784:Vikværsk
4764:Sognamål
4754:Bergensk
4604:Cimbrian
4572:Bavarian
4529:Alsatian
4476:Lusatian
4412:Palatine
4102:Amelands
3979:Frankish
3869:Sallaans
3851:Gronings
3702:Southern
3695:Northern
3686:Halligen
3635:Insular
3452:dialects
3311:Ticinese
3196:See also
3177:Tahitian
3172:Shimaore
3132:Guianese
3088:Limousin
3047:dialect)
3039:Corsican
3035:dialect)
2919:Category
2608:Bavarian
2594:Germanic
2491:Bavarian
2264:Allmende
2191:Archived
2048:See also
2035:i bi gsi
2026:i bi gsi
1999:dia send
1993:dia send
1980:they are
1975:ier syt
1972:dir syt
1966:ihr send
1960:ihr send
1942:wier sy
1909:as isch
1906:äs isch
1884:(es ist)
1873:si isch
1864:sie isch
1861:sia isch
1855:sia isch
1843:är isch
1840:är isch
1818:(er ist)
1804:du bisch
1798:du bisch
1795:du bisch
1792:dü bìsch
1789:du bisch
1777:I bü/bi
1774:I(g) bi
1718:Alsatian
1646:require
1592:Ach-Laut
1587:Ich-Laut
1569:Ach-Laut
1545:Häuschen
1541:Häuslein
1457:Emmental
1389:St. Gall
1240:Fribourg
1222:(in the
1116:Alsatian
1038:May 2024
946:Variants
934:, where
876:Alsatian
676:Formazza
647:Lorraine
639:Alsatian
637:region (
565:Alemanni
526:Help:IPA
452:alem1243
413:Alsatian
300:Germanic
239:Piedmont
110:May 2012
5299:Italics
4922:Scanian
4868:Swedish
4817:Faroese
4795:Nynorsk
4774:Valdris
4609:Mòcheno
4565:Swabian
4431:Hessian
4391:Hunsrik
4303:Western
4298:Eastern
4293:Yiddish
4243:creoles
4140:Bergish
3856:Drèents
3846:Tweants
3698:Central
3680:Mooring
3543:Frisian
3502:Kildare
3447:English
3307:Lombard
3291:Romansh
3286:Italian
3187:Xaracuu
3167:Réunion
3157:Nengone
3147:Kibushi
3137:Futunan
3076:Occitan
3043:Dutch (
3029:Catalan
2881:Turkish
2855:Serbian
2832:Dolinci
2785:Styrian
2768:Ebriach
2745:Slovene
2486:Swabian
2426:Sorbian
2399:Frisian
2120:Swabian
1963:ihr sin
1957:ìhr sìn
1939:mir sy
1933:mr send
1930:mir sin
1924:mìr sìn
1903:äs isch
1900:äs isch
1897:as isch
1894:as isch
1891:äs ìsch
1888:es isch
1870:si isch
1867:si isch
1858:sa ìsch
1837:är isch
1834:är isch
1831:är isch
1828:är isch
1825:är ìsch
1822:er isch
1743:Sensler
1710:English
1648:cleanup
1607:gewesen
1471:in his
1463:in his
1232:Grisons
1073:Germany
1065:Swabian
1022:scholar
986:removed
971:sources
938:or the
922:in the
864:– what
798:Swabian
748:Please
672:Rimella
609:Austria
604:Bavaria
592:Germany
587:Samnaun
522:Unicode
427:Swabian
259:Indiana
255:Daviess
204:Austria
191:Germany
186:Samnaun
94:scholar
5015:Gothic
4885:Danish
4789:Bokmål
4288:Yenish
4098:Bildts
3881:Veluws
3876:Urkers
3715:Strand
3439:Anglic
3317:Romand
3281:German
3276:French
3106:Picard
3080:Gascon
3071:Norman
3024:Breton
3010:Basque
2982:French
2837:Poljan
2790:Kozjak
2721:Slovak
2704:Slavic
2582:German
2421:Romani
2394:Danish
2365:German
2245:
2220:17 Oct
2134:Walser
2008:si sy
2005:si sy
1996:si sin
1990:sa sìn
1914:we are
1848:she is
1765:Ich bi
1759:Ìch bì
1627:etc.).
1612:gesein
1537:Hiisli
1533:Hüüsli
1529:Hüüsle
1525:Hiisel
1521:Heisle
1405:Zürich
1244:hiatus
1228:Walser
1124:France
1120:Alsace
1069:Swabia
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
995:
936:French
932:Alsace
833:UNESCO
722:Status
664:Issime
635:Alsace
631:France
600:Swabia
493:UNESCO
437:Walser
415:&
226:Alsace
222:France
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
5129:South
5080:North
4690:North
4674:North
4016:Kaaps
4007:Dutch
3654:Amrum
3595:Weser
3517:Scots
3322:Sinte
3162:Paicî
3127:Drehu
3061:Gallo
2736:South
2726:Czech
2404:North
1881:it is
1815:he is
1768:I bee
1756:I ben
1728:Lower
1703:to be
1621:gsìnn
1599:to be
1557:-lich
1517:-chen
1513:-lein
1484:Vaduz
1164:Baden
1144:Basel
1112:Baden
1071:, in
1029:JSTOR
1015:books
699:Amish
691:Allen
652:Italy
645:, in
621:Tyrol
354:Latin
247:Allen
231:Italy
212:Tyrol
101:JSTOR
87:books
5090:West
5085:East
5005:East
4861:East
4851:Norn
4742:West
4678:East
4676:and
4241:and
4236:Non-
3666:Sylt
3649:Föhr
3584:Ems
3509:Yola
3418:West
3122:Ajië
2842:Hati
2827:Vlah
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2713:West
2243:ISBN
2222:2017
2168:2019
1771:I bi
1762:I bi
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