969:
number of malicious browser extensions flooding the web. Malicious browser extensions will often appear to be legitimate as they seem to originate from vendor websites and come with glowing customer reviews. In the case of affiliate marketing, these malicious extensions are often used to redirect a user's browser to send fake clicks to websites that are supposedly part of legitimate affiliate marketing programs. Typically, users are completely unaware this is happening other than their browser performance slowing down. Websites end up paying for fake traffic numbers, and users are unwitting participants in these ad schemes.
739:
1046:
damaging those merchants' reputations and tarnishing their affiliate marketing efforts. Many affiliates either terminated the use of such merchants or switched to a competitor's affiliate program. Eventually, affiliate networks were also forced by merchants and affiliates to take a stand and ban certain adware publishers from their network. The result was
329:. Tobin applied for a patent on tracking and affiliate marketing on January 22, 1996, and was issued U.S. Patent number 6,141,666 on Oct 31, 2000. Tobin also received Japanese Patent number 4021941 on Oct 5, 2007, and U.S. Patent number 7,505,913 on Mar 17, 2009, for affiliate marketing and tracking. In July 1998 PC Flowers and Gifts merged with
610:/sale methods require that referred visitors do more than visit the advertiser's website before the affiliate receives a commission. The advertiser must convert that visitor first. It is in the best interest of the affiliate to send the most closely targeted traffic to the advertiser as possible to increase the chance of a
644:(MLM). Multi-level refers to different levels of compensation offered by companies to different tiers of distributor. While MLM schemes are not inherently illegal, they become illegal when income from recruitment-fees and similar exceeds the sale of actual goods and services. In these situations, MLM schemes overlap with
1095:
advertisers began to adjust their affiliate program terms to prohibit their affiliates from bidding on those type of keywords. Some advertisers, however, did and still do embrace this behavior, going so far as to allow, or even encourage, affiliates to bid on any term, including the advertiser's trademarks.
1218:
on the website visitor's computer. In the United
Kingdom, the IAB Affiliate Council under chair Matt Bailey announced regulations that stated that "Affiliates must not use a mechanism whereby users are encouraged to click to interact with content where it is unclear or confusing what the outcome will
1190:
ruled that the presence of independent sales representatives may allow a state to require sales tax collections. New York determined that affiliates are such independent sales representatives. The New York law became known as "Amazon's law" and was quickly emulated by other states. While that was the
655:
Some advertisers offer multi-tier programs that distribute commission into a hierarchical referral network of sign-ups and sub-partners. In practical terms, publisher "A" signs up to the program with an advertiser and gets rewarded for the agreed activity conducted by a referred visitor. If publisher
621:
Affiliate marketing is also called "performance marketing", in reference to how sales employees are typically being compensated. Such employees are typically paid a commission for each sale they close, and sometimes are paid performance incentives for exceeding objectives. Affiliates are not employed
396:
website, viewed as a marketing toy in the early days of the
Internet, became an integrated part of the overall business plan and in some cases grew to a bigger business than the existing offline business. According to one report, the total sales amount generated through affiliate networks in 2006 was
955:
In the infancy of affiliate marketing, many
Internet users held negative opinions due to the tendency of affiliates to use spam to promote the programs in which they were enrolled. As affiliate marketing matured, many affiliate merchants have refined their terms and conditions to prohibit affiliates
625:
The phrase, "Affiliates are an extended sales force for your business", which is often used to explain affiliate marketing, is not completely accurate. The primary difference between the two is that affiliate marketers provide little if any influence on a possible prospect in the conversion process
1045:
Affiliates discussed the issues in
Internet forums and began to organize their efforts. They believed that the best way to address the problem was to discourage merchants from advertising via adware. Merchants that were either indifferent to or supportive of adware were exposed by affiliates, thus
348:
had the idea that music-oriented websites could review or list albums on their pages that their visitors might be interested in purchasing. These websites could also offer a link that would take visitors directly to CDNow to purchase the albums. The idea for remote purchasing originally arose from
1120:
Affiliate marketing currently lacks industry standards for training and certification. There are some training courses and seminars that result in certifications; however, the acceptance of such certifications is mostly due to the reputation of the individual or company issuing the certification.
1041:
often uses the same methods and technologies. Merchants initially were uninformed about adware, what impact it had, and how it could damage their brands. Affiliate marketers became aware of the issue much more quickly, especially because they noticed that adware often overwrites tracking cookies,
968:
is a plug-in that extends the functionality of a web browser. Some extensions are authored using web technologies such as HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. Most modern web browsers have a whole slew of third-party extensions available for download. In recent years, there has been a constant rise in the
1094:
agency, and realized that this space was already occupied by their affiliates. Although this situation alone created advertising channel conflicts and debates between advertisers and affiliates, the largest issue concerned affiliates bidding on advertisers names, brands, and trademarks. Several
1020:
Websites consisting mostly of affiliate links have previously held a negative reputation for underdelivering quality content. In 2005 there were active changes made by Google, where certain websites were labeled as "thin affiliates". Such websites were either removed from Google's index or were
681:
Some merchants run their own (in-house) affiliate programs using dedicated software, while others use third-party intermediaries to track traffic or sales that are referred from affiliates. There are two different types of affiliate management methods used by merchants: standalone software or
1042:
thus resulting in a decline of commissions. Affiliates not employing adware felt that it was stealing commission from them. Adware often has no valuable purpose and rarely provides any useful content to the user, who is typically unaware that such software is installed on his/her computer.
383:
on components of an affiliate program. The patent application was submitted in June 1997, which predates most affiliate programs, but not PC Flowers & Gifts.com (October 1994), AutoWeb.com (October 1995), Kbkids.com/BrainPlay.com (January 1996), EPage (April 1996), and several others.
899:
Relevant websites that attract the same target audiences as the advertiser but without competing with it are potential affiliate partners as well. Vendors or existing customers can also become recruits if doing so makes sense and does not violate any laws or regulations (such as with
686:, typically called affiliate networks. Payouts to affiliates or publishers can be made by the networks on behalf of the merchant, by the network, consolidated across all merchants where the publisher has a relationship with and earned commissions or directly by the merchant itself.
313:
in 1989, PC Flowers & Gifts remained on the service until 1996. By 1993, PC Flowers & Gifts had generated sales more than $ 6 million per year on the
Prodigy service. In 1998, PC Flowers and Gifts developed the business model of paying a commission on sales to the
586:
markets they are still prevalent in some more nascent industries. China is one example where
Affiliate Marketing does not overtly resemble the same model in the West. With many affiliates being paid a flat "Cost Per Day" with some networks offering Cost Per Click or CPM.
795:
Affiliate websites are often categorized by merchants (advertisers) and affiliate networks. There are currently no industry-wide standards for the categorization. The following types of websites are generic, yet are commonly understood and used by affiliate marketers.
1021:
relocated within the results page (i.e., moved from the top-most results to a lower position). To avoid this categorization, affiliate marketer webmasters must create quality content on their websites that distinguishes their work from the work of spammers or
626:
once that prospect is directed to the advertiser's website. The sales team of the advertiser, however, does have the control and influence up to the point where the prospect either a) signs the contract, or b) completes the purchase.
353:
in the fall of 1994. The management at Geffen wanted to sell its artists' CDs directly from its website but did not want to implement this capability itself. Geffen asked CDNow if it could design a program where CDNow would handle
656:"A" attracts publishers "B" and "C" to sign up for the same program using his sign-up code, all future activities performed by publishers "B" and "C" will result in additional commission (at a lower rate) for publisher "A".
401:
alone. The estimates were ÂŁ1.35 billion in sales in 2005. MarketingSherpa's research team estimated that, in 2006, affiliates worldwide earned US$ 6.5 billion in bounty and commissions from a variety of sources in
488:, for example—have impacted the affiliate marketing world as well. These platforms allow improved communication between merchants and affiliates. Web 2.0 platforms have also opened affiliate marketing channels to personal
375:
and purchase a book, the associate received a commission. Amazon was not the first merchant to offer an affiliate program, but its program was the first to become widely known and serve as a model for subsequent programs.
672:
Merchants favor affiliate marketing because in most cases it uses a "pay for performance" model, meaning that the merchant does not incur a marketing expense unless results are accrued (excluding any initial setup cost).
896:. These publishers could be potentially recruited, and there is also an increased chance that publishers in the network apply to the program on their own, without the need for recruitment efforts by the advertiser.
1191:
first time states successfully addressed the internet tax gap, since 2018 states have been free to assert sales tax jurisdiction over sales to their residents regardless of the presence of retailer affiliates.
622:
by the advertiser whose products or services they promote, but the compensation models applied to affiliate marketing are very similar to the ones used for people in the advertisers' internal sales department.
603:
because at this point the publisher has already earned his commission. This leaves the greater, and, in case of cost per mille, the full risk and loss (if the visitor cannot be converted) to the advertiser.
1090:, which is responsible for the widespread use and acceptance of pay per click as an advertising channel. An increasing number of merchants engaged in pay per click advertising, either directly or via a
2104:
441:
In 2006, the most active sectors for affiliate marketing were adult gambling, retail industries and file-sharing services. The three sectors expected to experience the greatest growth are the
1062:'s complete ban of software applications as a medium for affiliates to promote advertiser offers. Regardless of the progress made, adware continues to be an issue, as demonstrated by the
1124:
Education occurs most often in "real life" by becoming involved and learning the details as time progresses. Although there are several books on the topic, some so-called "how-to" or "
1121:
Affiliate marketing is not commonly taught in universities, and only a few college instructors work with
Internet marketers to introduce the subject to students majoring in marketing.
564:
process to generate revenue for the publisher: A visitor must not only be made aware of the advertisement but must also click on the advertisement to visit the advertiser's website.
575:
programs are not considered in the statistic pertaining to the diminished use of cost per click, as it is uncertain if contextual advertising can be considered affiliate marketing.
2231:
358:. Geffen realized that CDNow could link directly from the artist on its website to Geffen's website, bypassing the CDNow home page and going directly to the artist's music page.
560:
make the advertising available on his or her website and display it to the page visitors in order to receive a commission. Pay per click requires one additional step in the
1688:
981:
have become more prominent, some affiliate marketers have shifted from sending e-mail spam to creating automatically generated web pages that often contain product
1493:
1843:
325:, which owned half of Prodigy. By 1995 PC Flowers & Gifts had launched a commercial version of the website and had 2,600 affiliate marketing partners on the
1135:
Outsourced
Program Management companies typically combine formal and informal training, providing much of their training through group collaboration and
2065:
1009:
algorithm update ("BigDaddy") in
February 2006—the final stage of Google's major update ("Jagger") that began in mid-summer 2005—specifically targeted
2245:
985:
provided by merchants. The goal of such web pages is to manipulate the relevancy or prominence of resources indexed by a search engine, also known as
2101:
1450:
907:
Almost any website could be recruited as an affiliate publisher, but high traffic websites are more likely interested in (for their sake) low-risk
1536:
1001:
is the biggest threat to organic search engines, whose goal is to provide quality search results for keywords or phrases entered by their users.
1378:
1214:
web sites use a click-to-reveal format, which requires the web site user to click to reveal the voucher code. The action of clicking places the
1674:
876:
networks (i.e., top-tier affiliates) that expose offers from the advertiser with which they are affiliated with their own network of affiliates
599:/click, the publisher is not concerned about whether a visitor is a member of the audience that the advertiser tries to attract and is able to
1401:
717:
Some merchants are using outsourced (affiliate) program management (OPM) companies, which are themselves often run by affiliate managers and
236:
for the affiliate; this commission is usually a percentage of the price of the product being sold, but can also be a flat rate per referral.
1819:
192:
1897:
1708:
1732:
1563:
Mastering Your
Website: Insider's Guide to Fully Understanding Your Website, Search Engine Optimization and Building Your Brand Online
1756:
1013:
with great success. This update thus enabled Google to remove a large amount of mostly computer-generated duplicate content from its
991:. Each page can be targeted to a different niche market through the use of specific keywords, with the result being a skewed form of
923:
Since the emergence of affiliate marketing, there has been little control over affiliate activity. Unscrupulous affiliates have used
294:
for referred business—predates affiliate marketing and the Internet. The translation of the revenue share principles to mainstream
2043:
1047:
453:
sectors. Soon after these sectors came the entertainment (particularly gaming) and Internet-related services (particularly
1465:
1866:
1570:
1490:
1840:
1780:
2168:
2132:
1651:
1617:
1433:
1413:
1361:
817:
Loyalty websites, typically characterized by providing a reward or incentive system for purchases via points, miles,
782:
2236:
764:
567:
Cost per click was more common in the early days of affiliate marketing but has diminished in use over time due to
185:
50:
1877:
2195:
749:
1162:
and Performics in December 2002 to guide practices and adherence to ethical standards for online advertising.
1132:, which can quickly become out of date, or suggest strategies no longer endorsed or permitted by advertisers.
2274:
2125:
The Complete Guide to Affiliate Marketing on the Web: How to Use and Profit from Affiliate Marketing Programs
2082:
721:. OPM companies perform affiliate program management for the merchants as a service, similar to the role an
2264:
1954:
1082:
advertising when the first pay-per-click search engines emerged during the end of the 1990s. Later in 2000
683:
1352:
Olim, Jason; Olim, Matthew; and Kent, Peter (1999-01). "The CDNOW Story: Rags to Riches on the Internet",
1228:
1183:
334:
229:
178:
537:
Within more mature markets, less than one percent of traditional affiliate marketing programs today use
269:
Though the largest companies run their own affiliate networks (for example Amazon), most merchants join
2279:
992:
618:). In the case a conversion is not fired the publisher won't receive any compensation for the traffic.
305:
The concept of affiliate marketing on the Internet was conceived of, put into practice and patented by
243:
45:
1540:
1446:
1139:. Such companies also try to send each marketing employee to the industry conference of their choice.
1374:
321:
In 1994, Tobin launched a beta version of PC Flowers & Gifts on the Internet in cooperation with
291:
1182:
sales to New York residents. New York was aware of Amazon affiliates operating within the state. In
2269:
1390:
Amazon Associates is one of the first online affiliate marketing programs and was launched in 1996.
1104:
811:
870:, or other features based on information that changes frequently, thus requiring continual updates
457:) sectors. Also several of the affiliate solution providers expect to see increased interest from
2159:
Singh, Surabhi (2017). "Affiliate Marketing and Customer Satisfaction". In Singh, Surabhi (ed.).
823:
760:
247:
84:
1424:
Gray, Daniel (1999-11-30). "The Complete Guide to Associate and Affiliate Programs on the Net".
1252:
1014:
699:
600:
572:
561:
493:
435:
263:
131:
55:
1894:
1641:
1607:
939:, and other methods to drive traffic to their sponsors. Although many affiliate programs have
614:. The risk is absorbed by the affiliate who funnels their traffic to the campaign (normally a
1801:
1404:
and Shawn Collins, "Successful Affiliate Marketing for Merchants", from pages 12, 13 and 14.
892:
Affiliate networks that already have several advertisers typically also have a large pool of
853:
756:
641:
635:
1884:
in 2005. The authenticity of the document was neither acknowledged nor challenged by Google.
1705:
1514:
1107:. Guidelines affect celebrity endorsements, advertising language, and blogger compensation.
368:
or text links on their site for individual books, or link directly to the Amazon home page.
1729:
1063:
611:
458:
209:
136:
2067:
New York's "Amazon Law": An Important Tool for Collecting Taxes Owed on Internet Purchases
8:
1586:
1155:
1103:
Bloggers and other publishers may not be aware of disclosure guidelines set forth by the
1051:
714:, and other unethical methods that have given affiliate marketing a negative reputation.
659:
Two-tier programs exist in the minority of affiliate programs; most are simply one-tier.
546:
393:
295:
259:
117:
98:
1643:
Marketing communications : offline and online integration, engagement and analytics
2088:
2040:
1668:
863:
833:
718:
583:
233:
168:
75:
65:
36:
20:
571:
issues very similar to the click fraud issues modern search engines are facing today.
496:
allow publishers with lower levels of web traffic to place affiliate ads on websites.
213:
2201:
2191:
2174:
2164:
2147:
2128:
1647:
1613:
1566:
1429:
1409:
1357:
1233:
965:
928:
924:
703:
485:
419:
355:
270:
255:
70:
1753:
364:(Amazon) launched its associate program in July 1996: Amazon associates could place
239:
Affiliate marketers may use a variety of methods to generate these sales, including
1988:
1290:
1187:
1171:
1091:
940:
867:
849:
818:
407:
306:
251:
103:
2030:, Issue: March/April 2007, Page 58, link to online version retrieved June 26, 2007
2023:
1515:
Affiliate Summit 2006 Wrap-Up Report -- Commissions to Reach $ 6.5 Billion in 2006
1469:
2226:
2108:
2047:
2007:
1958:
1901:
1881:
1870:
1847:
1784:
1760:
1736:
1712:
1497:
1200:
901:
873:
837:
707:
607:
518:
510:
431:
315:
310:
287:
159:
154:
60:
1952:
AdWare Class Action Lawsuit against - ValueClick, Commission Junction and beFree
947:, this marketing method has historically proven to attract abuse from spammers.
852:
list affiliates (i.e., owners of large opt-in -mail lists that typically employ
1918:
1294:
1280:
1087:
978:
912:
908:
645:
596:
542:
538:
526:
522:
398:
350:
326:
299:
240:
2163:. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference (imprint of IGI Global). p. 2.
2258:
2221:
2205:
2178:
1136:
1125:
1079:
801:
711:
557:
108:
93:
1976:
1863:
1777:
843:
649:
615:
514:
442:
1934:
689:
298:
happened in November 1994, almost four years after the origination of the
2144:
Affiliate Marketing: How to Create Your $ 100,000+ a Year Online Business
1993:
1895:
Online Marketing Service Providers Announce Web Publisher Code of Conduct
1215:
932:
568:
550:
465:
221:
126:
1285:. 2010 International Conference on Education and Management Technology.
2151:
1874:
1179:
1067:
1059:
1022:
1010:
987:
893:
857:
579:
427:
372:
365:
361:
1730:
NEW FIRST: LinkShare- Lands' End Versus The Affiliate on Typosquatting
1070:
and its daughter company Commission Junction filed on April 20, 2007.
915:
deals rather than higher-risk cost per action or revenue share deals.
1175:
1129:
1055:
982:
805:
722:
461:
454:
423:
330:
767:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1143:
1006:
998:
944:
883:) to display context-sensitive advertising for products on the site
695:
640:
Affiliate marketing overlaps with network marketing, also known as
489:
481:
411:
217:
1253:"Affiliate Marketer: Definition, Examples, and How to Get Started"
2161:
Driving Traffic and Customer Activity Through Affiliate Marketing
1609:
The advanced dictionary of marketing : putting theory to use
1034:
880:
477:
446:
1951:
804:
search engines to promote the advertisers' offers (i.e., search
2240:
2008:
FTC Publishes Final Guides Governing Endorsements, Testimonials
1211:
1159:
1083:
1038:
1002:
936:
829:
450:
415:
403:
392:
Affiliate marketing has grown quickly since its inception. The
380:
1282:
Affiliate internet marketing: Concept and application analysis
1142:
Other training resources used include online forums, weblogs,
694:
Uncontrolled affiliate programs aid rogue affiliates, who use
379:
In February 2000, Amazon announced that it had been granted a
866:
that list merchants by categories without providing coupons,
345:
341:
225:
521:(CPA), and the remaining programs use other methods such as
1286:
1128:" books instruct readers to manipulate holes in the Google
1025:
farms, which only contain links leading to merchant sites.
2185:
1767:, published by Montgomery Research Inc, Issue 12., Page 36
545:. However, these compensation methods are used heavily in
371:
When visitors clicked on the associate's website to go to
2186:
Goldschmidt, Simon; Junghagen, Sven; Harris, Uri (2003).
2102:
IAB affiliate council strengthens voucher code guidelines
1981:
Communications of the Association for Information Systems
1977:"Brand Names as Keywords in Sponsored Search Advertising"
322:
309:, the founder of PC Flowers & Gifts. Launched on the
1279:
Ivkovic, Miodrag; Milanov, Dusanka (November 2, 2010).
860:
list affiliates, which are typically more content-heavy
690:
Affiliate management and program management outsourcing
2146:. Reykjavik, Iceland: Hafsteinn Þórðarson. p. 6.
2127:. Ocala, FL: Atlantic Publishing Company. p. 17.
273:
which provide reporting tools and payment processing.
1963:
Law Firms of Nassiri & Jung LLP and Hagens Berman
1154:
A code of conduct was released by affiliate networks
517:(PPS) as a compensation method, nineteen percent use
662:
1965:, retrieved from CJClassAction.com on June 26, 2007
504:
468:in using affiliate marketing as part of their mix.
216:for each visit, signup or sale they generate for a
1975:Rosso, Mark; Jansen, Bernard (Jim) (August 2010).
590:
532:
1491:Affiliate Marketing Networks Buyer's Guide (2006)
2256:
2010:. Ftc.gov (2013-06-27). Retrieved on 2013-09-19.
1612:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 356.
1565:. New York: Searchen Networks Inc. p. 108.
19:For marketing to a specific interest group, see
1919:LinkShare's Anti-Predatory Advertising Addendum
1820:"3 ways websites get pwned -- and threaten you"
1817:
1078:Affiliates were among the earliest adopters of
959:
509:Eighty percent of affiliate programs today use
1539:. e-Consultancy. February 2007. Archived from
1531:
1529:
1527:
1278:
728:
1507:
1115:
1110:
578:While these models have diminished in mature
186:
2190:. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. p. 43.
1706:The Daily SearchCast News from June 27, 2006
1513:Anne Holland, publisher (January 11, 2006),
1457:
1418:
1058:'s Anti-Predatory Advertising Addendum, and
1974:
1944:
1524:
1346:
667:
492:, writers, and independent website owners.
2041:How Do Companies Train Affiliate Managers?
2033:
1794:
1673:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1560:
1165:
1146:, video seminars, and specialty websites.
1098:
918:
193:
179:
2057:
2018:
2016:
1992:
1857:
1698:
1579:
783:Learn how and when to remove this message
676:
2230:) is being considered for deletion. See
2141:
2070:, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
1887:
1752:Jennifer D. Meacham (July/August 2006),
1722:
1681:
1601:
1599:
1483:
1375:"What is the Amazon Associates program?"
887:
846:websites, including product review sites
220:. This arrangement allows businesses to
2063:
1646:(Sixth ed.). London. p. 331.
1463:
1395:
499:
387:
2257:
2022:Alexandra Wharton (March/April 2007),
2013:
1935:ShareASale Affiliate Service Agreement
1928:
1776:Marios Alexandrou (February 4, 2007),
1746:
629:
556:Cost per mille requires only that the
529:(CPM, cost per estimated 1000 views).
2158:
2122:
1911:
1770:
1639:
1605:
1596:
1537:"Internet Statistics Compendium 2007"
972:
826:sites that offer charitable donations
1274:
1272:
1086:launched its pay per click service,
1073:
732:
208:is a marketing arrangement in which
2094:
349:conversations with the music label
16:Type of performance-based marketing
13:
1728:Wayne Porter (September 6, 2006),
1205:
1194:
1149:
14:
2291:
2234:to help reach a consensus. ›
2213:
2064:Mazerov, Michael (24 July 2009),
1864:Spam Recognition Guide for Raters
1269:
931:, forced clicks (to get tracking
663:From the advertiser's perspective
1854:, retrieved on December 16, 2007
1839:Jim Hedger (September 6, 2006),
1802:Shady Web of Affiliate Marketing
1704:Danny Sullivan (June 27, 2006),
1468:. ClickZ Network. Archived from
1466:"History of Affiliate Marketing"
1381:from the original on 11 May 2011
1325:PC Week Article, January 9, 1995
1307:Chicago Tribune, October 4, 1995
737:
505:Predominant compensation methods
232:where the commission acts as an
51:Local search engine optimisation
2074:
2001:
1968:
1841:Being a Bigdaddy Jagger Meister
1833:
1811:
1800:Ryan Singel (October 2, 2005),
1633:
1554:
1439:
1334:Business Wire, January 24, 2000
800:Search affiliates that utilize
591:Performance/affiliate marketing
533:Diminished compensation methods
476:Websites and services based on
1904:(contains original CoC text),
1818:Roger A. Grimes (2016-07-26).
1689:Creating A Virtual Sales Force
1687:Tom Taulli (9 November 2005),
1367:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1245:
950:
486:interactive online communities
1:
2219:
2188:Strategic Affiliate Marketing
2083:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
1791:, retrieved November 11, 2007
1464:Collins, Shawn (2000-11-10).
1343:Business Wire, March 31, 1999
1239:
725:serves in offline marketing.
344:launched its BuyWeb program.
2116:
2100:IAB, Friday, 27 March 2009
960:Malicious browser extensions
879:Websites using adbars (e.g.
7:
1873:(Word document) supposedly
1743:, retrieved on May 17, 2007
1521:, retrieved on May 17, 2007
1229:Affiliate tracking software
1222:
1184:Quill Corp. v. North Dakota
943:that contain rules against
763:the claims made and adding
729:Types of affiliate websites
335:Federated Department Stores
230:performance-based marketing
10:
2296:
1295:10.1109/ICEMT.2010.5657647
1198:
1116:Certification and training
1111:Lack of industry standards
993:search engine optimization
935:set on users' computers),
633:
471:
397:ÂŁ2.16 billion in the
276:
244:search engine optimization
46:Search engine optimization
18:
2054:, retrieved June 26, 2007
1941:, retrieved June 26, 2007
1925:, retrieved June 26, 2007
1908:, retrieved June 26, 2007
1593:, retrieved June 25, 2007
1585:CellarStone Inc. (2006),
1561:Colascione, John (2012).
1504:, retrieved June 25, 2007
1033:Although it differs from
1028:
281:
2232:templates for discussion
2142:Magnuson, Alain (2018).
2123:Brown, Bruce C. (2009).
2107:January 7, 2010, at the
2089:585 U.S. No. 17–494.
2024:Learning Outside the Box
1808:, retrieved May 17, 2007
1719:, retrieved May 17, 2007
1711:August 22, 2006, at the
1695:. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
1606:Dacko, Scott G. (2008).
1054:/beFree and Performics,
814:websites and directories
812:Price comparison service
719:network program managers
668:Advantages for merchants
1174:passed a law asserting
1166:Sales tax vulnerability
1099:Compensation disclosure
919:Past and current issues
836:websites that focus on
824:Cause Related Marketing
248:search engine marketing
85:Search engine marketing
1875:leaked out from Google
700:trademark infringement
677:Implementation options
573:Contextual advertising
436:contextual advertising
264:social media marketing
132:Contextual advertising
56:Social media marketing
2248:at the BOTW Directory
2091: (June 21, 2018).
1640:Smith, P. R. (2016).
1377:. amazon associates.
1316:The Sunsentinal, 1991
1170:In 2008 the state of
888:Publisher recruitment
854:e-mail drip marketing
642:multi-level marketing
636:multi-level marketing
2275:Business-to-business
1994:10.17705/1CAIS.02706
1428:, 30 November 1999.
1354:Top Floor Publishing
1289:. pp. 319–323.
1064:class action lawsuit
864:Shopping directories
723:advertising agencies
500:Compensation methods
459:business-to-business
388:Historic development
137:Behavioral targeting
2265:Affiliate marketing
2237:Affiliate marketing
1917:December 12, 2002,
1893:December 10, 2002,
1778:CPM vs. CPC vs. CPA
1693:Forbes.com Business
1156:Commission Junction
1052:Commission Junction
630:Multi-tier programs
547:display advertising
260:display advertising
206:Affiliate marketing
146:Affiliate marketing
118:Display advertising
99:Cost per impression
31:Part of a series on
2246:Affiliate Programs
2046:2007-09-29 at the
2039:March/April 2007,
1957:2007-07-04 at the
1900:2007-08-27 at the
1880:2011-05-13 at the
1869:2007-07-03 at the
1846:2007-12-23 at the
1783:2007-11-14 at the
1759:2007-01-23 at the
1735:2006-10-17 at the
1496:2006-12-14 at the
1178:jurisdiction over
973:Search engine spam
748:possibly contains
584:online advertising
340:In November 1994,
271:affiliate networks
228:. It is a form of
169:Mobile advertising
76:Native advertising
66:Referral marketing
37:Internet marketing
21:Affinity marketing
2280:Digital marketing
1717:WebmasterRadio.fm
1502:e-Consultancy.com
1426:McGraw-Hill Trade
1234:Affiliate network
1074:Trademark bidding
966:browser extension
929:false advertising
868:price comparisons
793:
792:
785:
750:original research
704:false advertising
356:order fulfillment
256:content marketing
203:
202:
71:Content marketing
2287:
2209:
2182:
2155:
2138:
2111:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2055:
2052:RevenueToday.com
2037:
2031:
2028:Revenue Magazine
2020:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1972:
1966:
1950:April 20, 2007,
1948:
1942:
1932:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1891:
1885:
1861:
1855:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1809:
1798:
1792:
1774:
1768:
1765:Revenue Magazine
1750:
1744:
1726:
1720:
1702:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1603:
1594:
1587:Sales Commission
1583:
1577:
1576:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1533:
1522:
1511:
1505:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1356:, January 1999.
1350:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1249:
1188:US Supreme Court
1092:search marketing
941:terms of service
850:E-mail marketing
838:sales promotions
788:
781:
777:
774:
768:
765:inline citations
741:
740:
733:
408:personal finance
307:William J. Tobin
252:e-mail marketing
195:
188:
181:
104:Search analytics
28:
27:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2270:Business models
2255:
2254:
2252:
2235:
2216:
2198:
2171:
2135:
2119:
2114:
2109:Wayback Machine
2099:
2095:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2062:
2058:
2048:Wayback Machine
2038:
2034:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1973:
1969:
1959:Wayback Machine
1949:
1945:
1933:
1929:
1916:
1912:
1902:Wayback Machine
1892:
1888:
1882:Wayback Machine
1871:Wayback Machine
1862:
1858:
1848:Wayback Machine
1838:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1816:
1812:
1799:
1795:
1785:Wayback Machine
1775:
1771:
1761:Wayback Machine
1754:Going Out Is In
1751:
1747:
1737:Wayback Machine
1727:
1723:
1713:Wayback Machine
1703:
1699:
1686:
1682:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1604:
1597:
1591:QCommission.com
1584:
1580:
1573:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1519:MarketingSherpa
1512:
1508:
1498:Wayback Machine
1488:
1484:
1475:
1473:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1423:
1419:
1400:
1396:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1225:
1208:
1206:Click to reveal
1203:
1201:Cookie stuffing
1197:
1195:Cookie stuffing
1168:
1152:
1150:Code of conduct
1118:
1113:
1101:
1076:
1048:Code of Conduct
1031:
975:
962:
956:from spamming.
953:
921:
911:or medium-risk
902:pyramid schemes
890:
874:Cost per action
789:
778:
772:
769:
754:
742:
738:
731:
708:cookie stuffing
692:
684:hosted services
679:
670:
665:
646:pyramid schemes
638:
632:
608:Cost per action
595:In the case of
593:
535:
519:cost per action
511:revenue sharing
507:
502:
474:
432:lead generation
430:, and forms of
390:
316:Prodigy Network
311:Prodigy Network
288:revenue sharing
286:The concept of
284:
279:
199:
160:Revenue sharing
155:Cost per action
61:Email marketing
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2293:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2215:
2214:External links
2212:
2211:
2210:
2196:
2183:
2169:
2156:
2139:
2133:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2093:
2073:
2056:
2032:
2012:
2000:
1967:
1943:
1939:ShareASale.com
1927:
1910:
1886:
1856:
1852:WebProNews.com
1832:
1822:. CSO from IDG
1810:
1793:
1789:All Things SEM
1769:
1745:
1721:
1697:
1680:
1652:
1632:
1618:
1595:
1578:
1572:978-1475155662
1571:
1553:
1523:
1506:
1489:October 2006,
1482:
1456:
1438:
1417:
1406:QUE Publishing
1394:
1366:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1268:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1207:
1204:
1199:Main article:
1196:
1193:
1167:
1164:
1151:
1148:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1100:
1097:
1088:Google AdWords
1075:
1072:
1030:
1027:
979:search engines
974:
971:
961:
958:
952:
949:
920:
917:
913:cost per click
909:cost per mille
889:
886:
885:
884:
877:
871:
861:
847:
840:
827:
821:
815:
809:
791:
790:
745:
743:
736:
730:
727:
691:
688:
678:
675:
669:
666:
664:
661:
634:Main article:
631:
628:
597:cost per mille
592:
589:
543:cost per mille
539:cost per click
534:
531:
527:cost per mille
523:cost per click
506:
503:
501:
498:
494:Contextual ads
473:
470:
399:United Kingdom
389:
386:
351:Geffen Records
327:World Wide Web
300:World Wide Web
283:
280:
278:
275:
201:
200:
198:
197:
190:
183:
175:
172:
171:
165:
164:
163:
162:
157:
149:
148:
142:
141:
140:
139:
134:
129:
121:
120:
114:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
88:
87:
81:
80:
79:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2292:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2170:9781522526575
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2134:9781601381255
2130:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2060:
2053:
2050:(Web Extra),
2049:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1923:LinkShare.com
1920:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1655:
1653:9780749473419
1649:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1621:
1619:9780199285990
1615:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1543:on 2005-03-10
1542:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1472:on 2007-10-12
1471:
1467:
1460:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1434:0-07-135310-0
1431:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1414:0-7897-2525-8
1411:
1408:, April 2001
1407:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1362:0-9661032-6-2
1359:
1355:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1273:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1137:brainstorming
1133:
1131:
1127:
1126:silver bullet
1122:
1108:
1106:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:pay per click
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
989:
984:
980:
970:
967:
957:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
916:
914:
910:
905:
903:
897:
895:
882:
878:
875:
872:
869:
865:
862:
859:
855:
851:
848:
845:
841:
839:
835:
831:
828:
825:
822:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
803:
802:pay per click
799:
798:
797:
787:
784:
776:
773:February 2014
766:
762:
758:
752:
751:
746:This section
744:
735:
734:
726:
724:
720:
715:
713:
712:typosquatting
709:
705:
701:
697:
687:
685:
674:
660:
657:
653:
651:
650:ponzi schemes
647:
643:
637:
627:
623:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
602:
598:
588:
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
469:
467:
463:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:, gaming and
409:
405:
400:
395:
385:
382:
377:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
357:
352:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
274:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
226:sales process
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
196:
191:
189:
184:
182:
177:
176:
174:
173:
170:
167:
166:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:
119:
116:
115:
110:
109:Web analytics
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
94:Pay-per-click
92:
91:
90:
89:
86:
83:
82:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
43:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
2251:
2225:
2187:
2160:
2143:
2124:
2096:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2035:
2027:
2003:
1987:(1): 81–98.
1984:
1980:
1970:
1962:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1913:
1905:
1889:
1859:
1851:
1835:
1824:. Retrieved
1813:
1805:
1796:
1788:
1772:
1764:
1748:
1740:
1724:
1716:
1700:
1692:
1683:
1657:. Retrieved
1642:
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1608:
1590:
1581:
1562:
1556:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1518:
1509:
1501:
1485:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:the original
1459:
1441:
1425:
1420:
1405:
1397:
1389:
1383:. Retrieved
1369:
1353:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1281:
1260:. Retrieved
1257:Investopedia
1256:
1247:
1212:voucher code
1209:
1169:
1153:
1141:
1134:
1123:
1119:
1102:
1077:
1044:
1032:
1019:
997:
986:
976:
963:
954:
922:
906:
898:
891:
844:niche market
842:Content and
794:
779:
770:
747:
716:
693:
680:
671:
658:
654:
639:
624:
620:
616:landing page
606:
594:
577:
566:
555:
536:
515:pay per sale
508:
475:
443:mobile phone
440:
391:
378:
370:
360:
339:
320:
304:
285:
268:
266:, and more.
238:
224:part of the
205:
204:
145:
25:
2220:‹ The
1402:Frank Fiore
951:E-mail spam
569:click fraud
551:paid search
466:advertisers
434:other than
127:Ad blocking
2259:Categories
2197:1843763907
2152:B07CJX9GVH
1826:2017-11-28
1547:2007-06-25
1500:, Page 6,
1476:2007-10-15
1447:US 6029141
1385:2011-04-20
1262:2022-09-25
1240:References
1180:Amazon.com
1068:ValueClick
1060:ShareASale
1011:spamdexing
988:spamdexing
983:data feeds
894:publishers
858:newsletter
757:improve it
612:conversion
580:e-commerce
562:conversion
438:programs.
428:publishing
394:e-commerce
362:Amazon.com
296:e-commerce
292:commission
262:, organic
214:commission
212:receive a
210:affiliates
2206:248974143
2179:982088904
2117:Citations
1806:Wired.com
1669:cite book
1659:3 October
1625:3 October
1176:sales tax
1130:algorithm
1056:LinkShare
819:cash back
806:arbitrage
761:verifying
558:publisher
525:(CPC) or
480:concepts—
462:marketers
455:broadband
424:education
331:Fingerhut
234:incentive
222:outsource
2222:template
2105:Archived
2044:Archived
1955:Archived
1898:Archived
1878:Archived
1867:Archived
1844:Archived
1781:Archived
1757:Archived
1741:ReveNews
1733:Archived
1709:Archived
1494:Archived
1379:Archived
1223:See also
1172:New York
1144:podcasts
1066:against
1007:PageRank
696:spamming
490:bloggers
482:blogging
412:gambling
290:—paying
218:merchant
2224:below (
1035:spyware
933:cookies
881:AdSense
755:Please
601:convert
478:Web 2.0
472:Web 2.0
447:finance
420:telecom
277:History
246:, paid
241:organic
2241:Curlie
2227:Curlie
2204:
2194:
2177:
2167:
2150:
2131:
2087:,
1906:CJ.com
1650:
1616:
1569:
1452:
1432:
1412:
1360:
1216:cookie
1186:, the
1160:beFree
1084:Google
1039:adware
1029:Adware
1023:banner
1003:Google
937:adware
856:) and
834:rebate
830:Coupon
451:travel
449:, and
416:travel
404:retail
381:patent
373:Amazon
366:banner
282:Origin
1219:be."
1210:Many
1015:index
346:CDNow
342:CDNow
2202:OCLC
2192:ISBN
2175:OCLC
2165:ISBN
2148:ASIN
2129:ISBN
1675:link
1661:2022
1648:ISBN
1627:2022
1614:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1287:IEEE
999:Spam
945:spam
925:spam
832:and
648:and
582:and
549:and
541:and
484:and
464:and
333:and
2239:at
1989:doi
1291:doi
1105:FTC
1050:by
1005:'s
977:As
904:).
759:by
513:or
323:IBM
2261::
2200:.
2173:.
2026:,
2015:^
1985:27
1983:.
1979:.
1961:,
1937:,
1921:,
1850:,
1804:,
1787:,
1763:,
1739:,
1715:,
1691:,
1671:}}
1667:{{
1598:^
1589:,
1526:^
1517:,
1388:.
1271:^
1255:.
1037:,
1017:.
995:.
964:A
927:,
710:,
706:,
702:,
698:,
652:.
553:.
445:,
426:,
422:,
418:,
414:,
406:,
337:.
318:.
302:.
258:,
254:,
250:,
2208:.
2181:.
2154:.
2137:.
1997:.
1991::
1829:.
1677:)
1663:.
1629:.
1575:.
1550:.
1479:.
1436:.
1364:.
1297:.
1293::
1265:.
1158:/
808:)
786:)
780:(
775:)
771:(
753:.
194:e
187:t
180:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.