967:
979:
991:
887:
1003:
443:
905:
475:
52:
729:
941:
923:
966:
861:
based on
Presidential Decree Number 066/TK/2007. Apart from that, his name is also immortalized as the name of a hospital in Palembang, namely Dr. A.K. Gani and the names of roads in several cities in Indonesia. There is also the Dr. Museum. A.K. Gani which is located in
827:
Dr. A.K. Gani died at
Charitas Palembang Hospital on December 23rd ,1968 at the age of 63 years and his body was buried in the Ksatria Ksetra Siguntang Heroes Cemetery, Palembang. Gani left behind a wife, Masturah, and had no children until the end of his life.
756:, becoming a signatory on 25 March 1947; the Dutch considered him undiplomatic and prone to showing his emotions. He also worked to establish a national banking network, the BTC, as well as several trade organisations. Gani was also elected as chairman of the
1596:
990:
978:
685:
as besmirching the independence movement, Gani considered it necessary to improve how the people viewed local productions. The film, the only one Gani ever made, was a commercial success. That year Gani received his medical degree.
1589:
1582:
641:
and Jong
Sumatera. By the late 1920s, he had several enterprises running, including a boarding house and book reseller. This revenue enabled him to donate funds to the Youth Congress of 1928, where the
779:, which received its mandate on 3 July. He stayed on as Minister of Welfare while also serving as a deputy prime minister under Sjarifuddin. Gani was the first cabinet member arrested during
521:
693:
in 1942, Gani refused to collaborate. As such, he was arrested in
September 1943 and held until October of the following year. He spent the rest of the occupation as a private practitioner.
1406:
1828:
748:; Syahrir later remarked that he felt as if Gani had been imposed upon him by Sukarno, who was by then president. While serving as minister of welfare Gani, with Syahrir and
1606:
725:
while smuggling weapons and military supplies past the Dutch blockade. He had numerous connections in the
Chinese community in Singapore, which assisted him in these tasks.
1733:
807:
After the revolution ended in 1949, Gani became the
Military Governor of South Sumatra. In 1954, while still involved in politics as minister of transportation in the
2037:
1653:
1643:
1718:
1693:
2204:
795:, Gani continued to serve as a deputy prime minister and minister of welfare until the cabinet collapsed on 29 January 1948 owing to dissatisfaction with the
3063:
1848:
1703:
590:(16 September 1905 – 23 December 1968) was an Indonesian doctor, politician, actor and military figure. He served as Deputy Prime Minister in the Cabinet of
1482:
681:. At the time the country's film industry was beginning to cater to well-educated audiences. Although some of the audience considered Gani's involvement in
2020:
1673:
181:
89:
1996:
1698:
1984:
2049:
2008:
650:" (the national anthem of Indonesia) was first played; Gani also attended this conference. In 1931 he joined Partindo, which had split off from the
3400:
3279:
3043:
1803:
664:'s arrest by the colonial government. Gani became acquainted with Sukarno after the latter's release from prison the following year and joined the
3365:
1933:
1818:
1723:
1414:
3390:
3028:
1979:
1963:
1648:
1383:
405:
111:
100:
879:
Honorary title of
Veteran "Independence Fighter of the Republic of Indonesia" class "A" with 4 years and 4 months of service, NPV. 6,001,620.
3375:
996:
Dr. A.K. Gani, Deputy Prime
Minister of the Republic of Indonesia, during his stop at Schiphol, took a photo with fellow delegation members
690:
276:
3109:
3380:
2197:
1908:
1858:
1833:
1768:
1574:
614:, on 16 September 1905. The son of a teacher, he finished his early studies in Bukittinggi in 1923 before going to Batavia (modern-day
3425:
2042:
1713:
1002:
1893:
1354:
709:, Gani gained greater political power while also serving in the military. From 1945 to 1947 he was the commissioner for the PNI in
1514:
702:
526:
873:"Guerrilla Star" 24 carat gold and the title of "Grand Guerrilla Leader" from the South Sumatra People's Representative Council.
219:
3410:
2190:
1873:
1564:
1462:
1441:
1396:
2337:
783:, a Dutch assault on Indonesian-held territory in mid-July, but was later released. He also attended a trade conference in
3395:
3360:
633:
Gani has been active in politics and social organisations since his teenage years. He was a member of several groups for
360:
73:
984:
Dr. A.K Gani and representatives from
Indonesia examining the Linggarjati Agreement in Jakarta, on November 15th ,1946
3415:
1989:
896:
808:
572:
28:
1490:
792:
665:
2553:
776:
706:
595:
591:
2663:
972:
Dr. A.K. Gani, Amir
Syarifuddin, Urip Sumohardjo, and Mohammad Isa at a meeting at the Palembang Grand Mosque
291:
2492:
3405:
3385:
3224:
1843:
713:, also serving on the party's board. He also coordinated military efforts in the province. He considered
264:
1604:
3012:
2213:
882:
Award certificate and Struggle Medal for Class 45 from the General Chair of the National Daily Council.
846:
556:
3209:
2563:
2372:
2257:
1903:
1688:
1628:
757:
651:
576:
32:
3244:
3234:
2909:
2755:
2522:
2502:
2332:
1888:
950:
854:
842:
352:
165:
3249:
3144:
3058:
3053:
2935:
2698:
2267:
2120:
2054:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1758:
932:
3420:
3204:
3179:
2811:
2806:
2745:
2638:
2427:
2392:
2307:
2232:
1878:
1838:
1728:
3033:
2914:
2868:
2770:
2347:
2227:
2114:
1663:
1633:
753:
745:
340:
186:
94:
1079:
1077:
1075:
3355:
3350:
3299:
3229:
3159:
2945:
2558:
2548:
2512:
2462:
2422:
2417:
2377:
2302:
2297:
2237:
2147:
1923:
1808:
1738:
1658:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
812:
8:
3289:
3149:
2780:
2775:
2750:
2740:
2613:
2588:
2362:
2342:
2312:
2272:
1938:
1853:
1763:
1072:
945:
927:
909:
891:
1362:
1135:
3194:
3189:
2904:
2608:
1743:
1506:
1391:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council.
1378:
914:
811:, he became the Chairman of the Council of Curators at Palembang State University (now
796:
760:
in the March 1947 PNI congress, but due to the political situation, he was replaced by
718:
634:
252:
1330:
3093:
3078:
2986:
2653:
2317:
1953:
1708:
1638:
1560:
1541:
1458:
1437:
1392:
780:
722:
456:
448:
328:
211:
141:
886:
3319:
3254:
3184:
3129:
3114:
2976:
2688:
2623:
2412:
2357:
2282:
2242:
2161:
1913:
1668:
768:
3324:
3309:
3294:
3219:
3169:
3154:
3139:
3134:
2955:
2894:
2765:
2517:
2397:
2352:
2277:
2083:
1798:
1554:
1457:. Studies on Southeast Asia. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University.
1452:
1431:
1249:
761:
618:), first for his secondary studies and then to study medicine. He graduated from
410:
116:
105:
740:
From 2 October 1946 until 27 June 1947 Gani served as Minister of Welfare under
3370:
3329:
3284:
3239:
3164:
2930:
2863:
2842:
2760:
2643:
2583:
2573:
2407:
2387:
2367:
2182:
1868:
1823:
1793:
1783:
1753:
1748:
1436:. ICAS publication series. Vol. 5. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
728:
647:
623:
487:
1405:
1083:
721:. He negotiated sales with international interests, including the Dutch-owned
3344:
3259:
3199:
3068:
3007:
2981:
2940:
2847:
2658:
2618:
2578:
2568:
2532:
2497:
2487:
2442:
2142:
1788:
1480:
1152:
1044:
850:
749:
741:
710:
673:
569:
324:
281:
25:
1545:
717:
a viable economic powerhouse for the newly independent nation, arguing that
3304:
3264:
3214:
3048:
3038:
2971:
2950:
2889:
2873:
2593:
2527:
2327:
2292:
2032:
1958:
1948:
1813:
1683:
752:, served as the Indonesian delegation to the third plenary session for the
678:
643:
607:
452:
1505:
1336:
3088:
3083:
2837:
2703:
2598:
2482:
2432:
2287:
2262:
1943:
1773:
1254:(in Indonesian). Kementerian Penerangan Rep. Indonesia. 1950. p. 76.
940:
611:
869:
Adnan Kapau Gani was also awarded various honors. These honors include:
3314:
3174:
2832:
2827:
2735:
2683:
2507:
2247:
1678:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
546:
516:
1433:
Responding to the West: Essays on Colonial Domination and Asian Agency
922:
904:
3274:
3269:
3124:
3119:
2719:
2673:
2648:
2628:
2603:
2447:
863:
816:
772:
714:
638:
580:
542:
501:
491:
483:
480:
36:
1114:
2668:
2633:
2452:
2437:
2402:
2322:
1918:
858:
3002:
2899:
2801:
2693:
2477:
2472:
2457:
2382:
1928:
1898:
1883:
1863:
1778:
1556:
The Indonesian Revolution and the Singapore Connection, 1945–1949
671:
Long interested in theatre, in 1941 Gani starred in Union Film's
661:
615:
381:
312:
240:
199:
129:
2796:
2678:
2467:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
784:
619:
532:
3073:
2125:
1607:
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
1407:"Four forgotten independence heroes get official recognition"
1089:
51:
841:
To commemorate his services, on November 9, 2007 President
788:
849:
to Adnan Kapau Gani. He received this title together with
1471:
1218:
1129:
876:
Certificate of Appreciation from the Chief of Army Staff.
1472:"Kabinet Sjarifoeddin" [Sjarifoedin's Cabinet].
1361:(in Indonesian). Jakarta City Government. Archived from
1318:
1158:
1306:
1294:
1270:
1258:
1170:
1230:
1194:
1008:
Dr. A.K. Gani when starring in the film Asmara Moerni
1206:
1485:[Smuggling for the Good of the Republic].
1282:
1084:The Jakarta Post 2007, Four forgotten independence
2076:
1538:Development of Indonesian Cabinets and Government
1509:[President Awards National Hero Titles].
1353:
1153:Mufid 2012, Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik
1108:
16:Indonesian politician and physician (1905.–1968.)
3342:
2212:
1182:
719:with oil they could gather international support
655:
1534:Perkembangan Kabinet dan Pemerintahan Indonesia
1389:History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java
1507:"Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional"
1337:Suara Merdeka 2007, Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar
630:), a school for prospective doctors, in 1926.
2198:
1590:
944:Satyalancana Military Operation Movement II (
926:Satyalancana Military Operation Movement I (
677:after being invited by the film's director,
86:11 November 1947 – 29 Januari 1948
2205:
2191:
1597:
1583:
1384:Sejarah Film 1900–1950: Bikin Film di Jawa
533:School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen
50:
1559:. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
836:
304:2 October 1946 – 29 January 1948
1540:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Ghalia.
1531:
1454:Sjahrir: Politics and Exile in Indonesia
1429:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1276:
1264:
1224:
1200:
1176:
727:
628:School tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen
232:19 November 1954 – 24 July 1955
3401:Members of the Central Advisory Council
1483:"Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik"
951:Satyalancana Gerakan Operasi Militer II
178:3 Juli 1947 – 11 November 1947
3366:Academic staff of Sriwijaya University
3343:
1450:
1212:
933:Satyalancana Gerakan Operasi Militer I
819:until his death on 23 December 1968.
696:
3391:Indonesian National Party politicians
2186:
1874:Siti Sukaptinah Sunaryo Mangunpuspito
1578:
1377:
1164:
2338:Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono
1552:
1288:
1236:
1188:
522:Geneeskundige Hoogeschool te Batavia
3376:Deputy prime ministers of Indonesia
1517:from the original on 5 October 2013
1513:(in Indonesian). 10 November 2007.
771:and Setyadjit Soegondo, Gani was a
13:
1413:. 11 November 2007. Archived from
1033:
802:
606:A.K. Gani was born in Palembayan,
74:Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia
14:
3437:
3381:Government ministers of Indonesia
3426:Transport ministers of Indonesia
1829:Poerbonegoro Soemitro Kolopaking
1001:
989:
977:
965:
939:
921:
903:
885:
809:First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet
473:
441:
292:Minister of Welfare of Indonesia
3074:Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
1489:(in Indonesian). Archived from
1481:Mufid, Fauzani (23 July 2012).
1242:
890:Star of Mahaputera, 2nd Class (
666:Indonesian Political Federation
2162:Saibun Abdul Jalil Rahmat Sjah
1013:
1:
1130:KR 1947, Kabinet Sjarifoeddin
1060:
897:Bintang Mahaputera Adipradana
733:
601:
57:
3411:National Heroes of Indonesia
2493:Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution
2214:National Heroes of Indonesia
793:Sjarifuddin's second cabinet
691:Japanese occupied the Indies
7:
3225:Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan
1844:Roosseno Soerjohadikoesoemo
586:or commonly abbreviated as
265:Roosseno Soerjohadikoesoemo
10:
3442:
3396:Indonesian revolutionaries
3361:Governors of South Sumatra
3305:Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati
3013:Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes
2166:Sjech Mohd. Djamil Djambek
1734:Jenal Asikin Wijaya Kusuma
958:
847:National Hero of Indonesia
220:Minister of Transportation
3210:I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung
3102:
3021:
2995:
2964:
2923:
2882:
2856:
2820:
2789:
2728:
2712:
2564:Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe
2541:
2373:Lambertus Nicodemus Palar
2258:Alexander Andries Maramis
2220:
2069:
1972:
1904:Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo
1689:Alexander Andries Maramis
1621:
1614:
1553:Yong, Mun Cheong (2003).
1476:. 4 July 1947. p. 2.
831:
815:); he remained active in
758:Indonesian National Party
657:Partai Nasional Indonesia
652:Indonesian National Party
563:
552:
538:
515:
507:
497:
462:
427:
422:
418:
399:
387:
377:
366:
361:Governor of South Sumatra
358:
346:
334:
318:
308:
297:
289:
270:
258:
246:
236:
225:
217:
205:
195:
171:
159:
147:
135:
125:
79:
71:
67:
49:
23:
3416:People from Agam Regency
3245:Martha Christina Tiahahu
3235:Mahmud Shah III of Johor
2910:Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro
2756:Donald Izacus Pandjaitan
2664:Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo
2523:Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto
2503:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
2333:Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung
1889:Surachman Tjokroadisurjo
1532:Suprapto, Bibit (1985).
855:Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung
843:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
822:
744:in the prime minister's
660:, or PNI) shortly after
557:awarding a national hero
353:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
180:Co-leading with
166:Syafruddin Prawiranegara
88:Co-leading with
3250:Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin
3059:Albertus Soegijapranata
2936:Johannes Abraham Dimara
2699:Robert Wolter Mongisidi
2268:Andi Sultan Daeng Radja
2152:Mohd. Sjafei (chairman)
2121:Ferdinand Lumban Tobing
2038:Tanaka Minoru (soldier)
1759:Margono Djojohadikusumo
1654:Abdulrahim Pratalykrama
1451:Mrázek, Rudolf (1994).
1430:Hägerdal, Hans (2009).
1359:Encyclopedia of Jakarta
1251:Kepartaian di Indonesia
3205:I Gusti Ketut Jelantik
3180:Raja Haji Fisabilillah
2812:Wahidin Soedirohoesodo
2807:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
2746:Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono
2639:Muhammad Mangundiprojo
2428:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
2393:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
2308:Ferdinand Lumbantobing
2233:Abdul Halim Majalengka
1879:Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
1839:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
1729:Hoesein Djajadiningrat
1719:Boentaran Martoatmodjo
949:
931:
913:
895:
837:Titles and Honors Mark
737:
703:country's independence
656:
627:
3034:Abdul Wahab Hasbullah
2915:Maria Walanda Maramis
2869:Wage Rudolf Supratman
2771:Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto
2348:Iwa Koesoemasoemantri
2298:Djoeanda Kartawidjaja
2228:Abdoel Kahar Moezakir
2115:Djamaluddin Adinegoro
1694:Ashar Sutejo Munandar
1664:Abikusno Tjokrosujoso
1634:Abdoel Kahar Moezakir
1109:JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani
754:Linggarjati Agreement
731:
341:Darmawan Mangunkusumo
3300:Sisingamangaraja XII
3230:Mahmud Badaruddin II
3160:Teungku Chik di Tiro
3054:As'ad Syamsul Arifin
2946:Pajonga Daeng Ngalie
2549:Abdul Haris Nasution
2513:Teuku Muhammad Hasan
2463:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
2418:Oto Iskandar di Nata
2378:Maskoen Soemadiredja
2303:Ernest Douwes Dekker
2238:Abdurrahman Baswedan
2148:Teuku Mohammad Hasan
1924:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
1809:Oto Iskandar di Nata
1739:Johannes Latuharhary
1659:Abdurrahman Baswedan
813:Sriwijaya University
646:was first read and "
3290:Ranggong Daeng Romo
3064:Bagoes Hadikoesoemo
2781:Sutoyo Siswomiharjo
2751:Katamso Darmokusumo
2741:Karel Satsuit Tubun
2589:Halim Perdanakusuma
2363:Kasman Singodimedjo
2343:I Gusti Ketut Pudja
2313:Gatot Mangkoepradja
2273:Arie Frederik Lasut
1939:Susanto Tirtoprodjo
1854:Samsi Sastrawidagda
1849:Ruslan Wongsokusumo
1764:Maria Ulfah Santoso
1704:Bagoes Hadikoesoemo
1379:Biran, Misbach Yusa
1167:, pp. 262–263.
918:) (17 Agustus 1955)
697:National revolution
596:Amir Sjarifuddin II
594:and the Cabinet of
511:Masturah Kapau Gani
3406:Minangkabau people
3386:Indonesian Muslims
3195:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
2905:Ki Hajar Dewantara
2679:Sutomo (Bung Tomo)
2609:I Gusti Ngurah Rai
2554:Abdul Rahman Saleh
2093:A. R. Sutan Mansur
2077:Indonesian members
2021:Matsuura Mitsukiyo
1744:Ki Hajar Dewantara
1674:Agus Muhsin Dasaad
1622:Indonesian members
1355:"Adnan Kapau Gani"
908:Star of Guerilla (
845:awarded the title
797:Renville Agreement
764:in November 1947.
738:
707:ensuing revolution
592:Amir Sjarifuddin I
253:Ali Sastroamidjojo
182:Setyadjit Soegondo
90:Setyadjit Soegondo
3338:
3337:
3094:Nyai Ahmad Dahlan
2987:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
2654:Oerip Soemohardjo
2624:R. E. Martadinata
2318:Hamengkubuwono IX
2180:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2155:Perpatih Baringek
2065:
2064:
1997:Itagaki Masamitsu
1954:Wiranatakusumah V
1709:Besar Mertokusumo
1699:Asikin Natanegara
1639:Abdul Fatah Hasan
1566:978-9971-69-276-6
1474:Kedaulatan Rakjat
1464:978-0-87727-713-2
1443:978-90-8964-093-2
1398:978-979-3731-58-2
1239:, pp. 49–50.
1227:, pp. 54–55.
1058:
1057:
900:) (7 August 1995)
781:Operation Product
567:
566:
457:Dutch East Indies
449:Dutch East Indies
438:16 September 1905
329:Amir Sjarifoeddin
212:Amir Sjarifoeddin
142:Amir Sjarifoeddin
3433:
3320:Thaha Syaifuddin
3255:Nyi Ageng Serang
3185:Hamengkubuwono I
3130:Andi Mappanyukki
2977:Mohammad Tabrani
2689:T. B. Simatupang
2413:Opu Daeng Risaju
2358:Johannes Leimena
2283:Bagindo Azizchan
2253:Adnan Kapau Gani
2243:Achmad Soebardjo
2207:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2111:Chatib Soeleiman
2089:Adnan Kapau Gani
2074:
2073:
2058:
2046:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1985:Itibangase Yosio
1973:Japanese members
1914:Sosrodiningrat V
1669:Achmad Soebardjo
1619:
1618:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1549:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1493:on 27 April 2012
1477:
1468:
1447:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1411:The Jakarta Post
1402:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1133:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1087:
1081:
1035:
1018:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
969:
943:
925:
907:
889:
769:Amir Sjarifuddin
735:
659:
584:Adnan Kapau Gani
530:
479:
477:
476:
469:
466:23 December 1968
447:
445:
444:
437:
435:
423:Personal details
414:
402:
390:
371:
349:
337:
321:
302:
285:
273:
261:
249:
230:
208:
190:
176:
162:
150:
138:
120:
109:
98:
84:
62:
59:
54:
44:
21:
20:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3325:Untung Surapati
3310:Tuanku Tambusai
3295:Ratu Kalinyamat
3220:La Maddukelleng
3170:Cut Nyak Meutia
3155:Bataha Santiago
3150:Sultan Babullah
3140:Prince Antasari
3135:Aria Wangsakara
3120:Ageng Tirtayasa
3098:
3017:
2991:
2960:
2956:Syarif Kasim II
2919:
2895:Herman Johannes
2878:
2852:
2816:
2785:
2766:Siswondo Parman
2729:Revolutionaries
2724:
2708:
2537:
2518:Teuku Nyak Arif
2398:Mohammad Natsir
2353:Izaak Huru Doko
2278:Arnold Mononutu
2216:
2211:
2181:
2172:
2084:Teuku Nyak Arif
2061:
2052:
2050:Tokonami Tokuji
2040:
2023:
2011:
2009:Masuda Toyohiko
1999:
1987:
1968:
1799:Oey Tiang Tjoei
1610:
1605:Members of the
1603:
1573:
1567:
1520:
1518:
1496:
1494:
1465:
1444:
1420:
1418:
1417:on 20 June 2015
1399:
1368:
1366:
1365:on 25 July 2012
1344:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1136:
1128:
1115:
1107:
1090:
1082:
1073:
1063:
1016:
1009:
1006:
997:
994:
985:
982:
973:
970:
961:
915:Bintang Gerilya
839:
834:
825:
805:
803:Post-revolution
777:the new cabinet
762:Sujono Hadinoto
705:and during the
699:
604:
545:
531:
524:
474:
472:
471:
467:
442:
440:
439:
433:
431:
408:
400:
388:
372:
367:
347:
335:
327:
319:
303:
298:
279:
271:
259:
247:
231:
226:
206:
191:
184:
177:
172:
160:
148:
136:
121:
114:
103:
92:
85:
80:
63:
60:
45:
42:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3439:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3330:Zainal Mustafa
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3285:Radin Inten II
3282:
3280:Raden Mattaher
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Mangkunegara I
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3165:Cut Nyak Dhien
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:Hasyim Asy'ari
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3044:Ahmad Hanafiah
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Frans Kaisiepo
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Ismail Marzuki
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2843:Mohammad Yamin
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:Pierre Tendean
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2644:Muhammad Yasin
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2584:Gatot Soebroto
2581:
2576:
2574:Djamin Ginting
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Nani Wartabone
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:Mohammad Hatta
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Kusumah Atmaja
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Sastromoeljono
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Parada Harahap
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:Oey Tjong Hauw
1801:
1796:
1794:Mohammad Yamin
1791:
1786:
1784:Mohammad Hatta
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:Liem Koen Hian
1751:
1749:Kusumah Atmaja
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1550:
1528:
1527:
1503:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1427:
1403:
1397:
1375:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1327:, p. 161.
1317:
1305:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1257:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1215:, p. 364.
1205:
1193:
1181:
1179:, p. 156.
1169:
1157:
1134:
1113:
1088:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1000:
998:
995:
988:
986:
983:
976:
974:
971:
964:
960:
957:
956:
955:
937:
919:
901:
883:
880:
877:
874:
838:
835:
833:
830:
824:
821:
804:
801:
698:
695:
648:Indonesia Raya
603:
600:
565:
564:
561:
560:
554:
550:
549:
540:
536:
535:
519:
513:
512:
509:
505:
504:
499:
495:
494:
488:South Sumatera
470:(aged 63)
464:
460:
459:
429:
425:
424:
420:
419:
416:
415:
403:
397:
396:
391:
385:
384:
379:
375:
374:
364:
363:
356:
355:
350:
344:
343:
338:
332:
331:
322:
320:Prime Minister
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
295:
294:
287:
286:
274:
268:
267:
262:
256:
255:
250:
248:Prime Minister
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
223:
222:
215:
214:
209:
207:Prime Minister
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
179:
169:
168:
163:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
139:
137:Prime Minister
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
87:
77:
76:
69:
68:
65:
64:
55:
47:
46:
40:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3438:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:STOVIA alumni
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Pakubuwono VI
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3200:Iskandar Muda
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Achmad Rifa'i
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Siti Hartinah
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:Ruhana Kuddus
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Marthen Indey
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2848:Raja Ali Haji
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:Usman Janatin
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:Slamet Rijadi
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:Keumalahayati
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:Djatikoesoemo
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:Basuki Rahmat
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2533:Zainul Arifin
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:Sutan Sjahrir
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Soerjopranoto
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Sam Ratulangi
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:Daud Beureueh
2141:
2138:
2136:Indra Tjahaja
2135:
2132:
2130:Hsu Hua Chang
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:Sumatra BPUPK
2068:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Suryohamijoyo
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Panji Singgih
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Mohammad Noor
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:Hindromartono
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1516:
1512:
1511:Suara Merdeka
1508:
1504:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1326:
1325:Suprapto 1985
1321:
1315:, p. 77.
1314:
1313:Suprapto 1985
1309:
1303:, p. 71.
1302:
1301:Suprapto 1985
1297:
1291:, p. 78.
1290:
1285:
1279:, p. 63.
1278:
1277:Suprapto 1985
1273:
1267:, p. 62.
1266:
1265:Suprapto 1985
1261:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1225:Suprapto 1985
1221:
1214:
1209:
1203:, p. 51.
1202:
1201:Suprapto 1985
1197:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1177:Hägerdal 2009
1173:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1045:Asmara Moerni
1042:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1004:
999:
992:
987:
980:
975:
968:
963:
962:
953:
952:
947:
942:
938:
935:
934:
929:
924:
920:
917:
916:
911:
906:
902:
899:
898:
893:
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
871:
870:
867:
865:
860:
856:
852:
851:Slamet Rijadi
848:
844:
829:
820:
818:
814:
810:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:Mohammad Roem
747:
746:third cabinet
743:
742:Sutan Sjahrir
730:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:South Sumatra
708:
704:
694:
692:
687:
684:
683:Asmara Moerni
680:
676:
675:
674:Asmara Moerni
669:
667:
663:
658:
653:
649:
645:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
582:
578:
574:
571:
570:Major general
562:
558:
555:
551:
548:
544:
541:
537:
534:
528:
523:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
482:
465:
461:
458:
454:
450:
430:
426:
421:
417:
412:
407:
404:
398:
395:
392:
386:
383:
380:
376:
370:
365:
362:
357:
354:
351:
345:
342:
339:
333:
330:
326:
325:Sutan Sjahrir
323:
317:
314:
311:
307:
301:
296:
293:
288:
283:
278:
275:
269:
266:
263:
257:
254:
251:
245:
242:
239:
235:
229:
224:
221:
216:
213:
210:
204:
201:
198:
194:
188:
183:
175:
170:
167:
164:
158:
155:
152:
146:
143:
140:
134:
131:
128:
124:
118:
113:
107:
102:
96:
91:
83:
78:
75:
70:
66:
53:
48:
38:
34:
30:
27:
26:Major general
22:
19:
3265:Pakubuwono X
3215:Kiras Bangun
3145:Sultan Agung
3049:Ahmad Sanusi
3039:Ahmad Dahlan
3029:Abdul Chalim
2972:Ilyas Yakoub
2951:Silas Papare
2890:Dewi Sartika
2874:Usmar Ismail
2828:Abdoel Moeis
2713:Independence
2594:Harun Thohir
2528:Wahid Hasyim
2328:Idham Chalid
2293:Tjilik Riwut
2252:
2139:M. A. Sjarif
2088:
2033:Miyano Shozo
1980:Ide Teitiroo
1964:Wuryaningrat
1959:Wongsonegoro
1949:Wahid Hasyim
1814:P. F. Dahler
1684:Ahmad Sanusi
1649:Abdul Kaffar
1555:
1537:
1533:
1519:. Retrieved
1510:
1495:. Retrieved
1491:the original
1486:
1473:
1453:
1432:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1410:
1388:
1382:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:the original
1358:
1347:Bibliography
1346:
1345:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1250:
1244:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1191:, p. 3.
1184:
1172:
1160:
1065:
1064:
1043:
868:
840:
826:
806:
766:
739:
700:
688:
682:
679:Rd. Ariffien
672:
670:
644:Youth Pledge
637:, including
635:native youth
632:
608:West Sumatra
605:
587:
583:
568:
468:(1968-12-23)
451:Palembayan,
406:Mohammad Isa
401:Succeeded by
393:
368:
348:Succeeded by
299:
272:Succeeded by
227:
173:
161:Succeeded by
153:
112:Wondoamiseno
101:R. Syamsudin
81:
18:
3356:1968 deaths
3351:1905 births
3110:Abdul Kadir
3089:Mas Mansoer
3084:Lafran Pane
2996:Development
2924:Integration
2838:Amir Hamzah
2802:Dr. Soetomo
2704:Yos Sudarso
2599:Hasan Basry
2483:Ario Soerjo
2433:Rasuna Said
2288:B.W. Lapian
2263:Andi Djemma
2117:(secretary)
2099:Abdul Abbas
2053: [
2041: [
2024: [
2012: [
2000: [
1988: [
1944:Tan Eng Hoa
1774:Mas Mansoer
1644:Abdul Kadir
1629:Abdul Halim
1213:Mrázek 1994
1014:Filmography
732:A.K. Gani,
612:Bukittinggi
525: [
498:Nationality
409: [
389:Preceded by
336:Preceded by
280: [
260:Preceded by
185: [
149:Preceded by
115: [
104: [
93: [
61: 1947
56:A.K. Gani,
3345:Categories
3315:Teuku Umar
3190:Hasanuddin
3175:Diponegoro
3069:Fakhruddin
2833:Agus Salim
2790:Resistance
2736:Ahmad Yani
2559:Adisucipto
2508:Tan Malaka
2423:P. M. Noor
2248:Adam Malik
2102:Aminoeddin
2096:A. Sjagoff
1679:Agus Salim
1615:Java BPUPK
1165:Biran 2009
1061:References
1050:dr. Pardi
946:Indonesian
928:Indonesian
910:Indonesian
892:Indonesian
701:After the
689:After the
668:with him.
610:, west of
602:Early life
547:Politician
539:Profession
517:Alma mater
434:1905-09-16
277:Frits Laoh
43:Kapau-Gani
3275:Pong Tiku
3270:Pattimura
3125:Andi Depu
2883:Education
2720:Fatmawati
2674:Supriyadi
2649:Noer Alie
2629:Mas Isman
2604:Iswahyudi
2448:Samanhudi
2221:Political
1487:Prioritas
1289:Yong 2003
1237:Yong 2003
1189:Yong 2003
1066:Footnotes
864:Palembang
817:Palembang
773:formateur
715:Palembang
639:Jong Java
588:A.K. Gani
543:Physician
502:Indonesia
492:Indonesia
484:Palembang
481:Indonesia
394:Tidak ada
378:President
373:1945–1946
369:In office
309:President
300:In office
237:President
228:In office
196:President
174:In office
154:Tidak ada
126:President
82:In office
3103:Struggle
3022:Religion
2821:Literary
2776:Suprapto
2669:Sudirman
2634:Moestopo
2614:John Lie
2542:Military
2453:Soekarni
2438:Sahardjo
2403:Moewardi
2323:Hazairin
2169:Tjik Wan
2158:Pirngadi
1919:Sudirman
1909:Soewandi
1859:Samsudin
1834:Purubojo
1769:Mas Aris
1546:13555282
1521:17 March
1515:Archived
1421:17 March
1381:(2009).
859:Moestopo
3003:Suharso
2900:Kartini
2684:Syam'un
2478:Soeroso
2473:Soepomo
2458:Sukarno
2383:Masjkur
2133:Ibrahim
2108:Azairin
1929:Sukarno
1899:Soeroso
1884:Soepomo
1864:Sartono
1779:Masjkur
1714:Bintoro
1609:(BPUPK)
1497:29 July
1369:29 July
959:Gallery
662:Sukarno
616:Jakarta
382:Sukarno
313:Sukarno
241:Sukarno
200:Sukarno
130:Sukarno
2797:Alimin
2468:Supeno
1894:Soerjo
1563:
1544:
1461:
1440:
1395:
1030:Notes
1024:Title
866:City.
857:, and
832:Awards
785:Havana
620:STOVIA
559:(2007)
553:Awards
508:Spouse
478:
446:
41:Adnan
3371:BPUPK
2965:Press
2126:Hamka
2057:]
2045:]
2028:]
2016:]
2004:]
1992:]
1536:[
1387:[
1040:1941
1027:Role
1021:Year
823:Death
791:. In
767:With
723:Shell
624:Dutch
529:]
413:]
284:]
189:]
119:]
108:]
97:]
2105:Amir
1561:ISBN
1542:OCLC
1523:2011
1499:2012
1459:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1423:2011
1393:ISBN
1371:2012
1034:Ref.
789:Cuba
775:for
736:1946
577:Tit.
463:Died
453:Agam
428:Born
359:1st
290:3rd
218:7th
110:dan
72:1st
33:Tit.
2857:Art
581:Dr.
573:TNI
37:Dr.
29:TNI
3347::
2055:ja
2043:ja
2026:ja
2014:ja
2002:ja
1990:ja
1409:.
1357:.
1137:^
1116:^
1091:^
1074:^
948::
930::
912::
894::
853:,
799:.
787:,
734:c.
626::
598:.
579:)
527:id
490:,
486:,
455:,
411:id
282:id
187:id
117:id
106:id
99:,
95:id
58:c.
35:)
2206:e
2199:t
2192:v
1598:e
1591:t
1584:v
1569:.
1548:.
1525:.
1501:.
1467:.
1446:.
1425:.
1401:.
1373:.
1339:.
1155:.
1132:.
1111:.
1086:.
954:)
936:)
654:(
622:(
575:(
436:)
432:(
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
