513:, large budget surpluses resulted in a reduction of treasury bonds on issue. In 2002, the government conducted a review into how this would affect bond market participants. Consistent with the outcome of the review, the government decided to continue issuing debt in the form of treasury bonds despite the surplus to maintain the bond market. This was justified on the basis that a declining bond market would have negative implications to those looking to hedge interest rate risk using bond futures, financial market diversity, and those who use bonds as investment vehicles. In balance with continued issuance of liabilities, it was decided the government would continue to accumulate financial assets, thus expanding its balance sheet and increasing the exposure to
1761:
354:
632:
646:
1773:
493:, Peter McCray, remarked that this system was "breaching what is today regarded as a central tenet of government financing—that the government fully fund itself in the market." He also remarked that this form of funding implied "reduced fiscal discipline" on the government's side, leading to likely inflationary consequences, as well as adverse implications to the private bond market.
446:. Nor is the net income of these statutory authorities taken into account. For example, the Future Fund net income in 2014–15 was $ 15.61 billion, which went directly into the fund's reserves. Also, guarantees offered by the government do not figure in the government debt level. For example, on 12 October 2008, in response to the
545:
in the 2016–17 budget was estimated at 18.9% ($ 326.0 billion); much lower than most developed countries. The budget forecasted that net government debt would increase to $ 346.8 and $ 356.4 billion in 2017–18 and 2018–19 respectively. However, despite continuing to rise in aggregate terms,
562:
is the main mechanism that determines the government's net debt position from one period to the next. A surplus (revenue is greater than expenses) allows the government to pay down its debt while a deficit (expenses are greater than revenue) requires the government to issue more debt to cover the
533:
as "gross debt minus financial assets corresponding to debt instruments". Financial assets corresponding to debt instruments include currency and deposits, debt securities and loans. In the context of the budget, general government sector net debt is equal to the sum of deposits held, government
480:
Before 1979, the government borrowed using individual cash loans and a mechanism known as the TAP system. Under this system, the government would set a fixed yield, and the private market would finance as much public debt at this yield as it saw fit. If the market did not finance all the debt on
549:
The net government debt was negative (i.e. The
Australian government had net positive bond holdings) in the 2006–07-year for the first time in three decades, from an original peak of 18.5% of GDP ($ 96 billion) in 1995–96. The reduction in net debt is attributable to the consistent budget
534:
securities (at market value), loans and other borrowing, minus the sum of cash and deposits, advances paid and investments, loans and placements. The net debt to GDP ratio over time is influenced by a government surplus/deficit or due to growth of GDP and inflation, as well as movements in the
505:
notes that there is still no risk of the government being unable to finance itself because the
Australian government issues its own currency and can always meet any financial liabilities that are denominated in that currency. The Australian government can never run out of its own currency.
1208:
520:
The Howard government also saw the unwinding of the federal government's foreign currency liabilities, ending a long period during which the government had a significant exposure to currency risk. The debt portfolio is now managed to a benchmark with a zero foreign currency component.
713:
437:
was $ 551.75 billion. The government debt fluctuates from week to week depending on government receipts, general outlays and large-sum outlays. Australian government debt does not take into account government funds held in reserve within statutory authorities such as the
417:
implications, and are also used as one of the tools available to the national government in the macroeconomic management of the national economy, enabling the government to create or dampen liquidity in financial markets, with flow on effects on the wider economy.
450:, the government offered to guarantee 100% of all bank deposits. This was subsequently reduced to a maximum of $ 1 million per customer per institution. From 1 February 2012, the guarantee was reduced to $ 250,000, and is ongoing.
589:
The statutory limit was created in 2007 by the Rudd government and set at $ 75 billion. It was increased in 2009 to $ 200 billion, $ 250 billion in 2011 and $ 300 billion in May 2012. In
November 2013,
496:
The government retired the TAP system and introduced a tender system for short-term
Treasury Notes in December 1979 and for Treasury Bonds in August 1982. Under this system, bonds are issued in an auction where
432:
As of 31 August 2021 the total gross
Australian government debt outstanding was A$ 834 billion, an increase of about A$ 273 billion from before 31 December 2019. As at 11 April 2017, the gross Australian
773:
409:, is the agency which manages the government debt and does all the borrowing on behalf of the Australian government. Australian government borrowings are subject to limits and regulation by the
855:
1736:
457:(government debt and private debt) was $ 1,028.5 billion at 31 December 2016, an increase of $ 5.4 billion (0.5%) on the liability position at 31 December 2016, according to the
1741:
2387:
574:
The 2017 budget forecast government spending to be in surplus in the 2020/21 fiscal year, while the 2018 budget forecast a surplus of $ 2.2 billion in 2019/20. Before the
892:
833:
472:
as at May 2017. Around two-thirds of
Australian government debt is held by non-resident investors – a share that has risen since 2009 and remains historically high.
1025:
2404:
489:
at a concessionary rate of 1%. This allowed the government to finance its debt without limitation. In 2000, the then Deputy Chief
Executive Officer of the
780:
1731:
1746:
1543:
1039:
893:"Paper presented to the Asian Development Bank Conference on Government Bond Markets and Financial Sector Development in Developing Asian Economies"
1721:
2285:
1553:
1533:
546:
growth in the economy means the government expects the proportion of debt to GDP to peak at 19.2% in 2017–18 before starting to fall thereafter.
1235:
1056:
2290:
1166:
1085:
413:, unless the borrowing is for defence purposes or is a 'temporary' borrowing. Government debt and borrowings (and repayments) have national
2555:
1155:
1350:
1811:
1538:
870:
2773:
2058:
601:
from $ 300 billion to $ 500 billion, saying that the limit will be exhausted by mid-December 2013. With the support of the
490:
1726:
1711:
1706:
1101:
966:
664:
2332:
2142:
1950:
1864:
1129:
Kanagaratnam, Muhunthan; Chau, Hahn; Musgrave, Adam; Lian, Julian; Merjane, Chris; Chen, Rianne; Chen, Tina; Charman, Matthew.
482:
896:
2228:
2068:
1777:
454:
2344:
1884:
1879:
1874:
2783:
2731:
2675:
2570:
2076:
1910:
1824:
421:
The net government debt is gross government debt less its financial assets, which is often expressed as a percentage of
2738:
1869:
1849:
1698:
1683:
1451:
1228:
1130:
2280:
2181:
2081:
2001:
1935:
1263:
918:
735:
538:
of government securities which may in turn be influenced by movements in general interest rates and currency values.
439:
2008:
1945:
1930:
1371:
2449:
2248:
2238:
2174:
1915:
1889:
1406:
458:
2535:
2434:
2154:
2132:
2038:
1844:
1804:
1606:
1507:
568:
564:
2685:
2602:
2478:
2327:
2320:
2191:
2137:
1940:
1920:
1765:
1601:
1497:
1278:
1268:
1221:
1036:
1201:
2670:
2464:
2201:
2164:
2043:
2033:
1905:
1335:
2778:
2439:
2397:
2392:
2339:
2086:
2053:
1981:
1642:
1611:
1586:
1401:
1325:
530:
25:
Throughout this article, the unqualified term "dollar" and the $ symbol refers to the
Australian dollar.
2505:
2409:
2263:
2122:
1688:
1657:
1591:
1466:
1421:
1396:
1386:
1340:
1320:
1283:
992:
2625:
2582:
2530:
2429:
2275:
2243:
2159:
2149:
2117:
1797:
1716:
1662:
1563:
1471:
571:
forecast a deficit of $ 18.2 billion. This would be
Australia's eleventh consecutive budget deficit.
559:
502:
486:
443:
1060:
2540:
2525:
2372:
2208:
2169:
1996:
1616:
1596:
1548:
1455:
1366:
1013:
1082:
2690:
2565:
2545:
2520:
2500:
2253:
2223:
2048:
1925:
1854:
1621:
1446:
586:
A debt ceiling on how much the
Australian government could borrow existed between 2007 and 2013.
447:
402:
517:. However, it was decided that the benefits of maintaining a bond market outweighed such risks.
2597:
2575:
2550:
2515:
2495:
2459:
2297:
2268:
2258:
2233:
2196:
2127:
1964:
1859:
1476:
1416:
1381:
1288:
610:
591:
422:
2660:
2592:
2490:
2444:
2307:
2213:
2100:
1986:
1438:
1330:
669:
2724:
2695:
2617:
2454:
2424:
2360:
2315:
2028:
2023:
1991:
1976:
1832:
1652:
1581:
1558:
1492:
1411:
1376:
1244:
820:"5302.0 – Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia, March 2017"
469:
8:
2645:
2587:
2419:
2382:
2112:
1667:
1647:
1573:
1391:
1345:
1273:
692:"Australian Office of Financial Management - Data Hub - End of Financial Year Positions"
2747:
2705:
2680:
2665:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2607:
2510:
2414:
2018:
2013:
1502:
805:
465:
406:
970:
2635:
2377:
1304:
1177:
819:
659:
606:
602:
575:
542:
510:
426:
834:"Federal budget 2017: Standard & Poor's reaffirms Australia's AAA credit rating"
779:. Future Fund – Australia's Sovereign Wealth Fund. 27 September 2016. Archived from
2752:
2186:
1258:
637:
763:, End of month positions, portfolio aggregate worksheet, sheet FaceValue, column X
1428:
1089:
1043:
434:
945:
2630:
1516:
1511:
1461:
856:
Treasury secretary John Fraser: Australia has a spending and a revenue problem.
651:
514:
498:
2767:
414:
578:, the government's debt level was forecast to be $ 629 billion in 2019/20.
535:
410:
922:
739:
2700:
2560:
442:, which at 30 September 2016 was valued at $ 122.8 billion, and the
33:
1213:
598:
594:
1014:
International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014
405:. The Australian Office of Financial Management, which is part of the
1820:
1789:
1026:
The Australian Government’s current debt position – April 2015 update
1156:
The Age, 24 October 2013 – Debt ceiling – all because of West Wing?
760:
691:
353:
645:
567:
forecast a deficit of $ 29.3 billion, or 1.6% of GDP. The
501:
bid against each other. Australian macroeconomist Professor
895:. Australian Office of Financial Management. Archived from
1194:
967:"Review of the Commonwealth Government Securities market"
806:"Questions & Answers about the Guarantee on Deposits"
1128:
1124:
1122:
597:
requested Parliament's approval for an increase in the
1199:
Katrina Di Marco, Mitchell Pirie and Wilson Au-Yeung:
616:
The debt ceiling was contained in section 5(1) of the
1119:
609:
repealed the debt ceiling over the opposition of the
871:"A history of Treasury Bond tenders and performance"
627:
485:was able to borrow the outstanding amount from the
1205:, Treasury, Commonwealth of Australia. (ca. 2011).
836:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 May 2017
2765:
16:Amount owed by the Australian federal government
969:. The Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from
455:net international investment liability position
865:
863:
1805:
1229:
943:
1131:"Australian Federal Budget analysis 2018/19"
714:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
995:. Australian Office of Financial Management
985:
946:"Will we really pay higher interest rates?"
873:. Australian Office of Financial Management
860:
738:. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from
1812:
1798:
1236:
1222:
959:
553:
1195:Australian Office of Financial Management
1243:
543:net government debt as percentage of GDP
352:
1030:
665:List of sovereign states by public debt
2766:
1819:
1083:Australian Government is now debt free
620:until its repeal on 10 December 2013.
529:Net government debt is defined by the
524:
1793:
1217:
1202:A history of public debt in Australia
1179:Commonwealth Inscribed Stock Act 1911
686:
684:
618:Commonwealth Inscribed Stock Act 1911
1772:
774:"2015/16 Future Fund Annual Report"
13:
826:
728:
706:
681:
344:Source: Commonwealth of Australia
14:
2795:
1188:
468:was rated AAA by all three major
440:Australian Government Future Fund
2774:Government finances in Australia
1771:
1760:
1759:
761:https://www.aofm.gov.au/data-hub
644:
630:
335:
321:
307:
195:
181:
167:
153:
139:
125:
112:
98:
84:
70:
1171:
1160:
1149:
1094:
1075:
1059:. budget.gov.au. Archived from
1049:
1018:
1007:
937:
911:
885:
581:
459:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1508:Australian Securities Exchange
1181:as at 18 November 2012, s 5(1)
944:Bill Mitchell (8 April 2009).
848:
822:. abs.gov.au. 4 December 2018.
812:
798:
766:
754:
1:
1209:Debt Statistics for Australia
716:. International Monetary Fund
675:
403:Australian federal government
1747:Australia–United Kingdom FTA
1351:Australian Capital Territory
919:"How to Buy AGS | AOFM"
550:surpluses in the mid-2000s.
7:
1722:Australia–United States FTA
1612:National Electricity Market
1107:. budget.gov.au. 9 May 2017
1057:"Budget Paper No.1 2016–17"
694:. Commonwealth of Australia
623:
531:International Monetary Fund
10:
2800:
2784:Government debt by country
1467:Minerals Resource Rent Tax
1167:The Age, 14 November 2013.
854:The Age, 29 January 2016,
475:
401:is the amount owed by the
399:Australian government debt
2718:
2616:
2486:
2477:
2368:
2359:
2306:
2182:Intelligence and security
2108:
2099:
2067:
1972:
1963:
1898:
1840:
1831:
1755:
1737:Trans-Pacific Partnership
1717:Australia–New Zealand FTA
1697:
1676:
1663:Social class in Australia
1630:
1572:
1526:
1485:
1472:Passenger Movement Charge
1437:
1359:
1313:
1297:
1251:
1102:"Budget Overview 2017–18"
1024:Parliament of Australia,
808:. guaranteescheme.gov.au.
487:Reserve Bank of Australia
444:Reserve Bank of Australia
343:
1597:Energy efficiency rating
1452:Goods & Services Tax
1742:Indonesia–Australia FTA
993:"Foreign currency debt"
554:Latest budget forecasts
448:Economic crisis of 2008
2576:Indigenous Australians
2077:States and territories
1289:Snowy Mountains Scheme
1264:Banking crisis of 1893
1088:4 October 2017 at the
611:Australian Labor Party
470:credit rating agencies
423:Gross Domestic Product
394:
1870:Territorial evolution
670:Taxation in Australia
356:
2316:Cabinet of Australia
2291:Government ministers
2059:World Heritage Sites
1865:European exploration
1653:Poverty in Australia
1245:Economy of Australia
2388:Gross state product
1732:Japan–Australia FTA
1727:China–Australia FTA
1712:Australia–Korea FTA
1707:Australia–Chile FTA
1668:Wealth in Australia
1648:Income in Australia
1631:Economic conditions
1527:Regulatory agencies
1486:Banking and Finance
1274:Four pillars policy
1063:on 13 December 2017
1042:19 May 2019 at the
786:on 14 November 2016
736:"Role and Function"
565:2017 federal budget
525:Net government debt
2779:Australian budgets
2706:Australian studies
2641:Australian English
2450:Telecommunications
2286:Government leaders
2229:Political ideology
1554:Corporations power
1503:Official cash rate
1407:Telecommunications
742:on 27 January 2013
466:bond credit rating
407:Treasury Portfolio
395:
2761:
2760:
2714:
2713:
2536:Human trafficking
2473:
2472:
2355:
2354:
2155:Foreign relations
2095:
2094:
1959:
1958:
1906:Asian Australians
1787:
1786:
1607:Green electricity
1336:Western Australia
1305:Australian dollar
1137:. Gilbert + Tobin
973:on 13 August 2006
660:Government budget
607:Abbott government
603:Australian Greens
576:COVID-19 pandemic
511:Howard government
427:debt-to-GDP ratio
351:
350:
2791:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2603:Waste management
2484:
2483:
2405:Household income
2366:
2365:
2328:Governor-General
2138:Electoral system
2106:
2105:
1970:
1969:
1838:
1837:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1775:
1774:
1763:
1762:
1699:Trade agreements
1602:Geothermal power
1498:Financial system
1279:Great Depression
1269:Economic history
1259:Australian pound
1238:
1231:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1183:
1175:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1135:www.lexology.com
1126:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1081:Budget 2006–07,
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
921:. Archived from
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
899:on 14 March 2019
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
867:
858:
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
830:
824:
823:
816:
810:
809:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
785:
778:
770:
764:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
710:
704:
703:
701:
699:
688:
654:
649:
648:
640:
638:Australia portal
635:
634:
633:
481:offer, then the
391:
385:
379:
373:
367:
361:
357:Australia bonds
54:
45:
30:
29:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2710:
2671:Public holidays
2612:
2556:Life expectancy
2469:
2351:
2302:
2091:
2063:
2049:Protected areas
1955:
1894:
1827:
1818:
1788:
1783:
1751:
1693:
1689:Labour movement
1672:
1658:Property bubble
1638:Government debt
1626:
1568:
1522:
1512:S&P/ASX 200
1481:
1433:
1355:
1341:South Australia
1321:New South Wales
1314:State economies
1309:
1293:
1247:
1242:
1191:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1090:Wayback Machine
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1044:Wayback Machine
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
991:
990:
986:
976:
974:
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
942:
938:
928:
926:
925:on 4 April 2019
917:
916:
912:
902:
900:
891:
890:
886:
876:
874:
869:
868:
861:
853:
849:
839:
837:
832:
831:
827:
818:
817:
813:
804:
803:
799:
789:
787:
783:
776:
772:
771:
767:
759:
755:
745:
743:
734:
733:
729:
719:
717:
712:
711:
707:
697:
695:
690:
689:
682:
678:
650:
643:
636:
631:
629:
626:
584:
563:shortfall. The
556:
527:
515:financial risks
499:primary dealers
478:
435:government debt
393:
389:
387:
383:
381:
377:
375:
371:
369:
365:
363:
359:
59:
52:
50:
43:
41:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2797:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2465:Welfare system
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2440:Superannuation
2437:
2435:Stock exchange
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2398:Public housing
2393:Home ownership
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2340:Prime Minister
2337:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2298:Shadow Cabinet
2295:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2278:
2276:Public Service
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2157:
2152:
2150:Federal budget
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Climate change
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1517:All Ordinaries
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
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1592:Energy policy
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1387:Manufacturing
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1284:Privatisation
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1037:MYEFO 2014–15
1033:
1027:
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1015:
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972:
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628:
621:
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503:Bill Mitchell
500:
494:
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467:
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460:
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451:
449:
445:
441:
436:
430:
428:
424:
419:
416:
415:macroeconomic
412:
408:
404:
400:
374: 10 year
368: 20 year
362: 30 year
355:
346:
342:
338:
332:
329:
328:
324:
318:
315:
314:
310:
304:
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296:
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268:
265:
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156:
150:
147:
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142:
136:
133:
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128:
122:
119:
118:
115:
109:
106:
105:
101:
95:
92:
91:
87:
81:
78:
77:
73:
67:
64:
63:
60:share of GDP
57:
48:
39:
35:
32:
31:
26:
23:
22:
21:
19:
2739:Bibliography
2626:Architecture
2583:Prostitution
2566:Demographics
2531:Homelessness
2430:Reserve Bank
2244:Conservatism
2218:
2192:Constitution
2160:Human rights
2118:Constitution
2069:Subdivisions
1850:Bibliography
1776:
1764:
1637:
1564:Reserve Bank
1200:
1178:
1173:
1162:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1134:
1109:. Retrieved
1096:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:the original
1051:
1032:
1020:
1009:
997:. Retrieved
987:
975:. Retrieved
971:the original
961:
949:. Retrieved
939:
927:. Retrieved
923:the original
913:
901:. Retrieved
897:the original
887:
875:. Retrieved
850:
838:. Retrieved
828:
814:
800:
788:. Retrieved
781:the original
768:
756:
744:. Retrieved
740:the original
730:
718:. Retrieved
708:
696:. Retrieved
617:
615:
588:
585:
582:Debt ceiling
573:
557:
548:
541:Australia's
540:
536:market value
528:
519:
508:
495:
479:
464:Australia's
463:
453:Australia's
452:
431:
420:
411:Loan Council
398:
396:
392: 1 year
386: 2 year
380: 5 year
347:Source: IMF
49:Debt ceiling
24:
20:
18:
2701:Anglosphere
2541:Immigration
2506:Citizenship
2373:Agriculture
2259:Nationalism
2202:Enforcement
2175:Transgender
2009:Earthquakes
1997:Environment
1931:Immigration
1860:Archaeology
1617:Solar power
1397:Real estate
1367:Agriculture
569:2018 budget
509:During the
34:Fiscal year
2768:Categories
2691:Television
2661:Literature
2546:Irreligion
2526:Healthcare
2521:Euthanasia
2501:Censorship
2308:Government
2254:Liberalism
2224:Parliament
1936:Indigenous
1926:Federation
1916:Diplomatic
1890:Since 1945
1855:Prehistory
1622:Wind power
1477:Tax return
1447:Fuel taxes
1372:Automotive
1360:Industries
1331:Queensland
999:17 October
746:2 February
676:References
599:debt limit
595:Joe Hockey
40:Gross debt
2598:Squatting
2551:Languages
2516:Education
2496:Aged care
2460:Transport
2269:Socialism
2249:Far-right
2239:Christian
2234:Anarchism
2197:Judiciary
2133:Donations
2128:Elections
2039:Mountains
1987:Continent
1965:Geography
1885:1901–1945
1880:1851–1900
1875:1788–1850
1821:Australia
1417:Transport
1382:Insurance
592:Treasurer
425:(GDP) or
37:(30 June)
2748:Category
2593:Religion
2491:Abortion
2445:Taxation
2214:Monarchy
2209:Military
2165:Intersex
2101:Politics
2082:Capitals
1946:Monarchy
1941:Military
1921:Economic
1899:By topic
1845:Timeline
1825:articles
1766:Category
1439:Taxation
1346:Tasmania
1326:Victoria
1298:Currency
1141:17 April
1111:8 August
1086:Archived
1067:8 August
1040:Archived
840:8 August
790:8 August
698:7 August
624:See also
483:treasury
2725:Outline
2696:Theatre
2686:Symbols
2651:Cuisine
2618:Culture
2479:Society
2455:Tourism
2425:Poverty
2361:Economy
2143:Parties
2044:Regions
2034:Islands
2029:Geology
2024:Forests
1992:Deserts
1977:Climate
1951:Railway
1833:History
1778:Commons
1582:Biofuel
1493:Banking
1456:dispute
1412:Tourism
1377:Fishing
1252:History
1046:, p.94.
951:7 April
929:4 April
903:7 April
877:7 April
476:History
263:101.136
249:147.123
235:191.283
221:233.968
207:257.370
193:319.479
179:368.730
165:420.412
151:500.979
137:531.937
123:541.992
110:684.298
96:816.991
82:895.253
68:889.790
58:Debt as
2753:Portal
2646:Cinema
2588:Racism
2561:People
2420:Mining
2383:Energy
2378:Dollar
2123:Courts
2113:Asylum
2087:Cities
2054:Rivers
2002:issues
1823:
1677:Unions
1574:Energy
1392:Mining
977:7 June
605:, the
390:
384:
378:
372:
366:
360:
339:12.0%
333:59.628
325:10.9%
319:60.103
311:10.0%
305:59.078
291:58.273
283:11.8%
277:60.451
269:16.7%
255:20.5%
241:24.1%
227:27.7%
213:30.6%
199:34.1%
185:37.8%
171:40.4%
157:41.0%
143:41.4%
129:41.8%
102:37.3%
88:36.5%
74:35.1%
2732:Index
2681:Sport
2676:Radio
2666:Music
2656:Dance
2608:Women
2511:Crime
2415:Media
2281:Women
2019:Fauna
2014:Flora
1422:Ports
1105:(PDF)
784:(PDF)
777:(PDF)
720:8 May
297:9.7%
2636:Arts
2345:list
2333:list
2321:list
2170:LGBT
1684:ACTU
1544:ASIC
1539:APRA
1534:ACCC
1429:Wine
1143:2020
1113:2017
1069:2017
1001:2019
979:2019
953:2019
931:2019
905:2019
879:2019
842:2017
792:2017
748:2013
722:2020
700:2019
558:The
491:AOFM
397:The
330:2004
316:2005
302:2006
288:2007
274:2008
260:2009
246:2010
232:2011
218:2012
204:2013
190:2014
176:2015
162:2016
148:2017
134:2018
120:2019
107:2020
93:2021
79:2022
65:2023
2631:Art
2187:Law
1559:FWC
266:200
252:200
238:250
224:300
210:300
53:A$
44:A$
2770::
1133:.
1121:^
862:^
683:^
613:.
461:.
429:.
294:75
280:75
1813:e
1806:t
1799:v
1519:)
1510:(
1458:)
1454:(
1237:e
1230:t
1223:v
1145:.
1115:.
1071:.
1003:.
981:.
955:.
933:.
907:.
881:.
844:.
794:.
750:.
724:.
702:.
336:—
322:—
308:—
196:—
182:—
168:—
154:—
140:—
126:—
113:—
99:—
85:—
71:—
51:(
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
