On-board diagnostics

517:

with how to encode the data for each. There is a pin in the connector that provides power for the scan tool from the vehicle battery, which eliminates the need to connect a scan tool to a power source separately. However, some technicians might still connect the scan tool to an auxiliary power source to protect data in the unusual event that a vehicle experiences a loss of electrical power due to a malfunction. Finally, the OBD-II standard provides an extensible list of DTCs. As a result of this standardization, a single device can query the on-board computer(s) in any vehicle. This OBD-II came in two models OBD-IIA and OBD-IIB. OBD-II standardization was prompted by emissions requirements, and though only emission-related codes and data are required to be transmitted through it, most manufacturers have made the OBD-II

547: 539: 956:(on diesel engines), and emissions-related powertrain control module inputs and outputs for circuit continuity, data rationality, and output functionality. EMD+ was used on model year 2010-2012 California and Federal petrol-engined vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of over 14,000 lb (6,400 kg), it added the ability to monitor nitrogen oxide catalyst performance. EMD and EMD+ are similar to OBD-I in logic but use the same SAE J1962 data connector and CAN bus as OBD-II systems. 345:(Assembly Line Diagnostic Link) is sometimes referred to as a predecessor to, or a manufacturer's proprietary version of, an OBD-I diagnostic starting in 1981. This interface was made in different varieties and changed with power train control modules (aka PCM, ECM, ECU). Different versions had slight differences in pin-outs and baud rates. Earlier versions used a 160 baud rate, while later versions went up to 8192 baud and used bi-directional communications to the PCM. 1473: 33: 1626:

vehicles has an engine problem and by interpreting the code the nature of the problem. It can be used to detect reckless driving in real time based on the sensor data provided through the OBD port. This detection is done by adding a complex events processor (CEP) to the backend and on the client's interface. OBD II is also monitored to block mobile phones when driving and to record trip data for insurance purposes.

1383: 1517: 366:

the blinking patterns of the 'Check Engine Light' (CEL) or 'Service Engine Soon' (SES) light. By connecting certain pins of the diagnostic connector, the 'Check Engine' light will blink out a two-digit number that corresponds to a specific error condition. The DTC's of some OBD-I cars are interpreted in different ways, however. Cadillac petrol fuel-injected vehicles are equipped with actual

85: 1103:(250 kbit/s or 500 kbit/s). The CAN protocol was developed by Bosch for automotive and industrial control. Unlike other OBD protocols, variants are widely used outside of the automotive industry. While it did not meet the OBD-II requirements for U.S. vehicles prior to 2003, as of 2008 all vehicles sold in the US are required to implement CAN as one of their signaling protocols. 1429:

behavior in addition to reading Diagnostics Trouble Codes (DTC). Even more advanced devices allow users to reset engine DTC codes, effectively turning off engine lights in the dashboard; however, resetting the codes does not address the underlying issues and can in worst-case scenarios even lead to engine breakage where the source issue is serious and left unattended for long periods.

531: 558:, where type A is used for 12-volt vehicles and type B for 24-volt vehicles. Unlike the OBD-I connector, which was sometimes found under the bonnet of the vehicle, the OBD-II connector is required to be within 2 feet (0.61 m) of the steering wheel (unless an exemption is applied for by the manufacturer, in which case it is still somewhere within reach of the driver). 1127:(ECU) and offers a valuable source of information when troubleshooting problems inside a vehicle. The SAE J1979 standard defines a method for requesting various diagnostic data and a list of standard parameters that might be available from the ECU. The various available parameters are addressed by "parameter identification numbers" or 1135:. Manufacturers are not required to implement all PIDs listed in J1979 and they are allowed to include proprietary PIDs that are not listed. The PID request and data retrieval system gives access to real time performance data as well as flagged DTCs. For a list of generic OBD-II DTCs suggested by the SAE, see 1625:

Although originally not intended for the above purposes, commonly supported OBD II data such as vehicle speed, RPM, and fuel level allow GPS-based fleet tracking devices to monitor vehicle idling times, speeding, and over-revving. By monitoring OBD II DTCs a company can know immediately if one of its

1564:

In the United States, many states now use OBD-II testing instead of tailpipe testing in OBD-II compliant vehicles (1996 and newer). Since OBD-II stores trouble codes for emissions equipment, the testing computer can query the vehicle's onboard computer and verify there are no emission related trouble

1291:

is a Request for emission-related diagnostic trouble codes detected during current or last completed driving cycle. It enables the external test equipment to obtain "pending" diagnostic trouble codes detected during current or last completed driving cycle for emission-related components/systems. This

58:

OBD systems give the vehicle owner or repair technician access to the status of the various vehicle sub-systems. The amount of diagnostic information available via OBD has varied widely since its introduction in the early 1980s versions of onboard vehicle computers. Early versions of OBD would simply

516:

OBD-II is an improvement over OBD-I in both capability and standardization. The OBD-II standard specifies the type of diagnostic connector and its pinout, the electrical signalling protocols available, and the messaging format. It also provides a candidate list of vehicle parameters to monitor along

1428:

adapters plugged into the car's OBD II connector. Newer devices on the market are equipped with GPS sensors and the ability to transmit vehicle location and diagnostics data over a cellular network. Modern OBD-II devices can therefore nowadays be used to for example locate vehicles, monitor driving

939:

For newly introduced models, the regulation dates applied a year earlier – January 1, 2005 for petrol and January 1, 2006, for diesel. The ADR 79/01 standard was supplemented by the ADR 79/02 standard which imposed tighter emissions restrictions, applicable to all vehicles of class M1 and N1 with a

365:

The Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC's) of OBD-I vehicles can usually be found without an expensive scan tool. Each manufacturer used their own Diagnostic Link Connector (DLC), DLC location, DTC definitions, and procedure to read the DTC's from the vehicle. DTC's from OBD-I cars are often read through

361:

starting in 1988, and denying registration to vehicles that did not pass, drivers would tend to purchase vehicles that would more reliably pass the test. OBD-I was largely unsuccessful, as the means of reporting emissions-specific diagnostic information was not standardized. Technical difficulties

1587:

Auto enthusiasts have traditionally installed additional gauges such as manifold vacuum, battery current etc. The OBD standard interface has enabled a new generation of enthusiast instrumentation accessing the full range of vehicle data used for diagnostics, and derived data such as instantaneous

819:

The European on-board diagnostics (EOBD) regulations are the European equivalent of OBD-II, and apply to all passenger cars of category M1 (with no more than 8 passenger seats and a Gross Vehicle Weight rating of 2,500 kg, 5,500 lb or less) first registered within EU member states since

377:

that light up in a specific pattern to indicate the DTC. General Motors, some 1989–1995 Ford vehicles (DCL), and some 1989–1995 Toyota/Lexus vehicles have a live sensor data stream available; however, many other OBD-I equipped vehicles do not. OBD-I vehicles have fewer DTC's available than OBD-II

928:– Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2005) standard is the Australian equivalent of OBD-II. It applies to all vehicles of category M1 and N1 with a Gross Vehicle Weight rating of 3,500 kg (7,700 lb) or less, registered from new within Australia and produced since January 1, 2006 for 504:

Additional vehicle-specific diagnostic and control circuits are also available on this connector. For instance, on the Corvette there are interfaces for the Class 2 serial data stream from the PCM, the CCM diagnostic terminal, the radio data stream, the airbag system, the selective ride control

951:

In North America, EMD and EMD+ are on-board diagnostic systems that were used on vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) or more between the 2007 and 2012 model years if those vehicles did not already implement OBD-II. EMD was used on California emissions

848:

Each of the EOBD fault codes consists of five characters: a letter, followed by four numbers. The letter refers to the system being interrogated e.g. Pxxxx would refer to the powertrain system. The next character would be a 0 if complies to the EOBD standard. So it should look like P0xxx.

243:

program, the CARB issues the OBD-II specification and mandates that it be adopted for all cars sold in California starting in model year 1996 (see CCR Title 13 Section 1968.1 and 40 CFR Part 86 Section 86.094). The DTCs and connectors suggested by the SAE are incorporated into this

145:

1975: Bosch and Bendix EFI systems are adopted by major automotive manufacturers to improve tailpipe (exhaust) emissions. These systems are also analog, though some provide rudimentary diagnostic capability through factory tools, such as the Kent Moore J-25400, compatible with the

320:

2010: Start of required phase-in of the OBD-II specification to all vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) and above, this was completed by the 2013 model year. Vehicles that did not have OBD-II during this time period were required to have

187:(PWM) signaling and monitors all engine management functions. It reports real-time sensor data, component overrides, and Diagnostic Trouble Codes. The specification for this link is as defined by GM's Emissions Control System Project Center document XDE-5024B. 521:

the only one in the vehicle through which all systems are diagnosed and programmed. OBD-II Diagnostic Trouble Codes are 4-digit, preceded by a letter: P for powertrain (engine and transmission), B for body, C for chassis, and U for network.

1764:

J1850 – Defines a serial data protocol. There are 2 variants: 10.4 kbit/s (single wire, VPW) and 41.6 kbit/s (2 wire, PWM). Mainly used by US manufacturers, also known as PCI (Chrysler, 10.4K), Class 2 (GM, 10.4K), and SCP (Ford,

1960:

There have been reports of thieves using specialist OBD reprogramming devices to enable them to steal cars without the use of a key. The primary causes of this vulnerability lie in the tendency for vehicle manufacturers to extend the

1480:

A PC-based OBD analysis tool that converts the OBD-II signals to serial data (USB or serial port) standard to PCs or Macs. The software then decodes the received data to a visual display. Many popular interfaces are based on the

833:

For passenger cars with a Gross Vehicle Weight rating of greater than 2500 kg and for light commercial vehicles, the regulation dates applied from January 1, 2002, for petrol models, and January 1, 2007, for diesel models.

964:

Five signaling protocols are permitted with the OBD-II interface. Most vehicles implement only one of the protocols. It is often possible to deduce the protocol used based on which pins are present on the J1962 connector:

1356:

lists emission-related "permanent" diagnostic trouble codes stored. As per CARB, any diagnostic trouble codes that is commanding MIL on and stored into non-volatile memory shall be logged as a permanent fault code. See

1621:

OBD II information is commonly used by vehicle telematics devices that perform fleet tracking, monitor fuel efficiency, prevent unsafe driving, as well as for remote diagnostics and by Pay-As-You-Drive insurance.

1046:; however, the signal levels are different, and communications happen on a single, bidirectional line without additional handshake signals. ISO 9141-2 is primarily used in Chrysler, European, and Asian vehicles. 1579:

is instrumentation installed in a vehicle in addition to that provided by the vehicle manufacturer and intended for display to the driver during normal operation. This is opposed to scanners used primarily for

284:

mandatory for all diesel vehicles sold in the European Union. All petrol-powered vehicles in the United States with a gross vehicle weight rating of up to 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) are required to have

1281:

is a Request for On-Board Monitoring Test Results for Continuously and Non-Continuously Monitored System. There are typically a minimum value, a maximum value, and a current value for each non-continuous

1555:

data may be performed periodically, automatically transmitted wirelessly to a third party or retrieved for forensic analysis after an event such as an accident, traffic infringement or mechanical fault.

1327:

CVN (Calibration Verification Number): Number used to verify the integrity of the vehicle software. The manufacturer is responsible for determining the method of calculating CVN(s), e.g. using checksum.

1292:

is used by service technicians after a vehicle repair, and after clearing diagnostic information to see test results after a single driving cycle to determine if the repair has fixed the problem. See

1187:

lists the emission-related "confirmed" diagnostic trouble codes stored. It either displays numeric, 4 digit codes identifying the faults or maps them to a letter (P, B, U, C) plus 4 digits. See

390:

used on some vehicles in 1994, 1995, & 1996. (GM did not use the term OBD 1.5 in the documentation for these vehicles — they simply have an OBD and an OBD-II section in the service manual.)

317:

2008: Certain light vehicles in China are required by the Environmental Protection Administration Office to implement OBD (standard GB18352) by July 1, 2008. Some regional exemptions may apply.

296:

are required to be OBD-II compliant after January 1, 2006. All vehicles in the United States of 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) gross vehicle weight rating and under are required to have OBD-II.

63:

light if a problem was detected, but would not provide any information as to the nature of the problem. Modern OBD implementations use a standardized digital communications port to provide

1485:

or STN OBD Interpreter ICs, both of which read all five generic OBD-II protocols. Some adapters now use the J2534 API allowing them to access OBD-II Protocols for both cars and trucks.

1645:

The first character, representing category can only be one of the following four letters, given here with their associated meanings. (This restriction in number is due to how only two

1537:

Some US auto insurance companies offer reduced premiums if OBD-II vehicle data loggers or cameras are installed – and if the driver's behaviour meets requirements. This is a form of

1336:

Diesel engine : NMHC catalyst, NOx reduction catalyst, NOx absorber Particulate matter filter, Exhaust gas sensor, EGR system, VVT system, Boost pressure control, Fuel system.

1610:

As a carputer is essentially a PC, the same software could be loaded as for PC-based scan tools and vice versa, so the distinction is only in the reason for use of the software.

896:

used by some vehicle manufacturers to refer to manufacturer-specific features that are not actually part of the OBD or EOBD standard. In this case "E" stands for Enhanced.

373:

Holding down 'Off' and 'Warmer' for several seconds activates the diagnostic mode without the need for an external scan tool. Some Honda engine computers are equipped with

258:

1997: The OBD-II specification is made mandatory for California emissions diesel-engined vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating up to 14,000 lb (6,400 kg).

1945:

examined the security around OBD and found that they were able to gain control over many vehicle components via the interface. Furthermore, they were able to upload new

436:(Buick Skylark, Oldsmobile Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am) for 1995 and 1996 and also for North American delivered 1994–1995 Saab vehicles with the naturally aspirated 2.3. 943:

The technical implementation of this standard is essentially the same as OBD-II, with the same SAE J1962 diagnostic link connector and signal protocols being used.

1673:

Whilst this is commonly referred to as the network category, it may originally have been the 'undefined' category, hence the use of the letter 'U' rather than 'N'.

1370:

Various tools are available that plug into the OBD connector to access OBD functions. These range from simple generic consumer level tools to highly sophisticated

3217: 1005: 1508:

The extent that a PC tool may access manufacturer or vehicle-specific ECU diagnostics varies between software products as it does between hand-held scanners.

1131:

s which are defined in J1979. For a list of basic PIDs, their definitions, and the formula to convert raw OBD-II output to meaningful diagnostic units, see

3301: 837:

The technical implementation of EOBD is essentially the same as OBD-II, with the same SAE J1962 diagnostic link connector and signal protocols being used.

362:

with obtaining standardized and reliable emissions information from all vehicles led to an inability to implement the annual testing program effectively.

164:

and Seville models. Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) are displayed through the electronic climate control system's digital readout when in diagnostic mode.

1881:

ISO 15031: Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics, International Organization for Standardization, 2010.

2022: 952:

vehicles between model years 2007 and 2009 that did not already have OBD-II. EMD was required to monitor fuel delivery, exhaust gas recirculation, the

416:

cars (Buick Regal, Chevrolet Lumina (for 1995 only), Chevrolet Monte Carlo (1995 only), Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme) for 1994–1995,

2353: 47:) is a term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting capability. In the United States, this capability is a requirement to comply with 1333:

Petrol engine : Catalyst, Primary oxygen sensor, Evaporating system, EGR system, VVT system, Secondary air system, and Secondary oxygen sensor

1115:

All OBD-II pinouts use the same connector, but different pins are used with the exception of pin 4 (battery ground) and pin 16 (battery positive).

299:

2007: All California emissions vehicles over 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) gross vehicle weight rating are required to support EMD/EMD+ or OBD-II.

251:

less than 8,500 lb (3,900 kg) in the United States. The OBD-II specification is also made mandatory for all petrol-powered vehicles with

1209:

displays the oxygen sensor monitor screen and the test results gathered about the oxygen sensor. There are ten numbers available for diagnostics:

171:

introduced its "Computer Command Control" system on all US passenger vehicles for model year 1981. Included in this system is a proprietary 5-pin

1830: 555: 3002: 3278: 2361: 303: 2890: 1039: 2864: 1200:

is used to clear emission-related diagnostic information. This includes clearing the stored pending/confirmed DTCs and Freeze Frame data.

3252: 2290:"ISO 15765-4:2005 — Road vehicles — Diagnostics on Controller Area Networks (CAN) — Part 4: Requirements for emissions-related systems" 1420:

Mobile device applications allow mobile devices such as cell phones and tablets to display and manipulate the OBD-II data accessed via

232:

applied after the introduction of OBD-II. The data link connector and its position are not standardized, nor is the data protocol. The

831:

For newly introduced models, the regulation dates applied a year earlier – January 1, 2000 for petrol and January 1, 2003, for diesel.

2246:"Relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles and amending Council Directive 70/220/EEC" 2157: 48: 1449:) can help diagnose the onboard system, read and erase DTCs, turn off MIL, show real-time data, and measure vehicle fuel economy. 3189: 550:

Female OBD-II type B connector pinout – front view. Wire placement is identical to type A, but the center groove is split in two.

370:

diagnostics, providing trouble codes, actuator tests and sensor data through the new digital Electronic Climate Control display.

1907:

ISO 15765: Road vehicles – Diagnostics on Controller Area Networks (CAN). International Organization for Standardization, 2004.

2679: 194:

defines an analog STE/ICE (simplified test equipment for internal combustion engines) vehicle diagnostic standard used in the

2665: 2452: 2182: 1864:

ISO 14230: Road vehicles – Diagnostic systems – Keyword Protocol 2000, International Organization for Standardization, 1999.

3060: 2807: 1386:

Multi-brand vehicle diagnostics system handheld Autoboss V-30 with adapters for connectors of several vehicle manufacturers.

1806:(Single-Wire CAN) protocol, used in newer GM vehicles. Often accessible on the OBD connector as PIN 1 on newer GM vehicles. 3370: 2245: 581:

Mercedes (K-Line): Ignition control (EZS), air-conditioner (KLA), PTS, safety systems (Airbag, SRS, AB) and some other.

3225: 3087: 2051: 940:

Gross Vehicle Weight rating of 3500 kg or less, from July 1, 2008, for new models, July 1, 2010, for all models.

3407: 3356: 3341: 3229: 2231: 1803: 1679:

The second character is a number in the range of 0–3. (This restriction is again due to memory storage limitations).

3397: 518: 409: 195: 2584: 2119:

Cox, Ronald W. (November 1985). "Local Area Network Technology Applied to Automotive Electronic Communications".

1464:) plugged in the OBD-II port to enable the vehicle to connect with the computer where the software is installed. 1371: 357:

that remain effective for the vehicle's "useful life". The hope was that by forcing annual emissions testing for

3312: 1847:

ISO 11898: Road vehicles – Controller area network (CAN). International Organization for Standardization, 2003.

151: 3156: 2456: 2431: 2186: 247:

1996: The OBD-II specification is made mandatory for all passenger cars and petrol-powered light trucks with a

217: 840:

With Euro V and Euro VI emission standards, EOBD emission thresholds are lower than previous Euro III and IV.

3402: 1538: 1318: 1031: 996: 252: 2404: 1565:

codes and that the vehicle is in compliance with emission standards for the model year it was manufactured.

498:

For ALDL connections, pin 9 is the data stream, pins 4 and 5 are ground, and pin 16 is the battery voltage.

248: 240: 2952: 1305:

could enable the off-board test device to control the operation of an on-board system, test, or component.

179:(ECM) to initiate a diagnostic request and provide a serial data stream. The protocol communicates at 160 2532: 1992: 1920: 270: 1638:) are five characters long, with the first letter indicating a category, and the remaining four being a 1974: 1600: 1009: 3023: 209:

introduces an upgraded version of the ALDL protocol, which communicates at 8192 baud with half-duplex

2303: 953: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 405: 225: 2105: 1042:. This protocol has an asynchronous serial data rate of 10.4 kbit/s. It is somewhat similar to 3221: 1942: 1938: 1527:

are designed to capture vehicle data while the vehicle is in normal operation, for later analysis.

224:

from 1988 onward have some basic OBD capability (such as detecting problems with fuel metering and

554:

The OBD-II specification provides for a standardized hardware interface — the female 16-pin (2x8)

2047: 1790: 1151:

according to ISO 15031. In SAE J1979 these "modes" were renamed to "services", starting in 2003.

1100: 990: 354: 307: 3108: 2934: 2267: 2558: 2328: 2092: 1777:

J2178-1 – Defines standards for network message header formats and physical address assignments

1476:

Typical simple USB KKL Diagnostic Interface without protocol logic for signal level adjustment.

1314:

is used to retrieve vehicle information. Among others, the following information is available:

1148: 1139:. Individual manufacturers often enhance the OBD-II code set with additional proprietary DTCs. 970: 184: 60: 17: 1613:

These enthusiast systems may also include some functionality similar to the other scan tools.

1520:

TEXA OBD log. Small data logger with the possibility to read out the data later on PC via USB.

106: 36:

Various views of a "MaxScan OE509" – a fairly typical onboard diagnostics (OBD) scanner, 2015.

1136: 1076: 176: 68: 2652:"Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/02 – Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2005" 2638:"Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/01 – Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2005" 2390: 1488:

In addition to the functions of a hand-held scan tool, the PC-based tools generally offer:

374: 8: 2705: 2289: 1997: 1950: 1124: 398: 2706:"Implementation and Validation of K Line (ISO 9141) Protocol for Diagnostic Application" 2150: 884:

The following two characters would refer to the individual fault within each subsystem.

546: 538: 2225: 2132: 1409:

Real-time monitoring or graphing of engine parameters to facilitate diagnosis or tuning

974: 3137: 2023:"OBD-I & OBD-II: A Complete Guide to Diagnosis, Repair & Emissions Compliance" 1712:

The third character may denote a particular vehicle system that the fault relates to.

353:

The regulatory intent of OBD-I was to encourage auto manufacturers to design reliable

269:

mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union, starting in MY2001 (see

3352: 3337: 2825: 1438: 811:

The assignment of unspecified pins is left to the vehicle manufacturer's discretion.

408:

cars (the Chevrolet Caprice, Impala, and Buick Roadmaster) for 1994–1995model years,

233: 161: 139: 3371:

Directive 98/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998.

2843: 2598: 2136: 1342: 1267: 1175: 1162: 505:

system, the low tire pressure warning system, and the passive keyless entry system.

2790: 2124: 1890:

Part 3: Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits, specification and use

1649:

of memory are used to indicate the category when DTCs are stored and transmitted).

669:

Mercedes (K-Line): Gearbox and other transmission components (EGS, ETC, FTC).

2248:. The European Parliament and of the Council. October 13, 1998. Directive 98/69/EC 2190: 2002: 236:

recommends a standardized diagnostic connector and set of diagnostic test signals.

228:.) These requirements are generally referred to as "OBD-I", though this name is a 2481:. General Motors Corporation. December 1993. pp. 6E3–A-166 : 6E3–A-223. 1962: 1954: 1797: 1783:

J2178-3 – Defines standards for network message frame IDs for single byte headers

1552: 893: 609: 311: 2739: 501:

An OBD 1.5 compatible scan tool is required to read codes generated by OBD 1.5.

3308: 2651: 2637: 2427: 1966: 1793: 387: 277: 262: 206: 168: 157: 64: 1842:

Part 3: Verification of the communication between vehicle and OBD II scan tool

1703:

For the 'P' category this is indicates a code that has been 'jointly' defined.

1568:

In the Netherlands, 2006 and later vehicles get a yearly EOBD emission check.

1534:

Engine and vehicle monitoring under normal operation, for diagnosis or tuning.

787:

Many BMWs: A second K-line for non OBD-II (Body/Chassis/Infotainment) systems.

693:

Mercedes (K-Line): All activity module (AAM), Radio (RD), ICS (and more)

3391: 1970: 1592: 1544: 1394:

Simple fault code readers/reset tools are mostly aimed at the consumer level.

394: 136: 52: 2354:"China's stage 6 emission standard for new light-duty vehicles (final rule)" 2218:

Ford Powertrain Control and Emissions Diagnostic Manual for Gasoline Engines

2128: 1452:

To use OBD-II software, one needs to have an OBD-II adapter (commonly using

1324:

CALID (Calibration Identification): ID for the software installed on the ECU

3194: 3088:"Cloud-based driver monitoring and vehicle diagnostic with OBD2 telematics" 2826:"Driving Behaviour Identification based on OBD Speed and GPS Data Analysis" 2765: 1747:

Finally the fourth and fifth characters define the exact problem detected.

1581: 110: 2908: 2623: 3384:

OBD information for repair technicians, vehicle owners, and manufacturers

3375: 1986: 1965:

for purposes other than those for which it was designed, and the lack of

1914: 1786:

J2178-4 – Defines standards for network messages with three byte headers*

1639: 1635: 1524: 1132: 933: 825: 293: 147: 3349:

On-Board Diagnostics for Light and Medium Duty Vehicles Standards Manual

2506: 1472: 255:

with a gross vehicle weight rating up to 14,000 lb (6,400 kg).

55:

to more than 150% of the standard to which it was originally certified.

32: 2391:"Reading GM's 160 baud ALDL Data Stream with a Standard PC Serial Port" 665:

Ford DCL(-) Argentina, Brazil (pre OBD-II) 1997–2000, USA, Europe, etc.

647:

Ford DCL(+) Argentina, Brazil (pre OBD-II) 1997–2000, USA, Europe, etc.

393:

For example, the 1994–1995 model year Corvettes have one post-catalyst

358: 221: 142:

models. This system is entirely analog with no diagnostic capabilities.

132: 3378:

Center for Automotive Science and Technology at Weber State University

1397:

Professional hand-held scan tools may possess more advanced functions

1064:

The active/dominant state is driven low with an open-collector driver.

71:

which allow malfunctions within the vehicle to be rapidly identified.

2087:"GM Today Vol 6 No 8 September 1980". General Motors. September 1980. 1761:

J1962 – Defines the physical connector used for the OBD-II interface.

1453: 1425: 1072: 616: 289: 99: 1946: 1596: 229: 199: 95: 2151:"STE/ICE Design Guide for Vehicle Diagnostic Connector Assemblies" 1887:

Part 2: Guidance on terms, definitions, abbreviations and acronyms

1695:

For other categories indicates a manufacturer-specific (OEM) code.

907: 577:

Audi: Switched +12 to tell a scan tool whether the ignition is on.

3047: 2704:

Mahajan, Gauri; Parchandekar, S.K.; Tahir, Mohammad (July 2017).

1810: 1768:

J1978 – Defines minimal operating standards for OBD-II scan tools

1692:

For the 'P' category this indicates a generic (SAE defined) code.

1571: 302:

2008: All cars sold in the United States are required to use the

2953:"OBD2 Data Logger – Easily Record & Visualize Your Car Data" 2865:"How to choose an OBD II adapter: Wi-Fi or Bluetooth – inCarDoc" 1839:

Part 2: CARB requirements for interchange of digital information

1498:

The ability to use multiple software programs adding flexibility

1382: 1161:

shows current sensor live data from PIDs ("Parameter IDs"). See

579:

VW: Switched +12 to tell a scan tool whether the ignition is on.

439:

The pinout for the ALDL connection on these cars is as follows:

3095:

IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology

2495:. General Motors Corporation. December 1993. pp. 6E3–A–11. 2292:. International Organization for Standardization. January 2005. 1604: 1516: 1482: 1043: 929: 821: 3003:"Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Dash Cam | Moneyshake Blog" 1406:

Access and control other control units, such as air bag or ABS

856:

P00xx – Fuel and Air Metering and Auxiliary Emission Controls.

2183:"On-Board Diagnostic II (OBD II) Systems - Fact Sheet / FAQs" 1856:

Part 3: Low-speed, fault-tolerant, medium-dependent interface

1816: 1467: 1457: 1446: 1442: 3061:"Advantages and Disadvantages of Personal digital assistant" 2713:

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

1819:– Defines a data protocol for heavy duty commercial vehicles 1027:

Message length is restricted to 12 bytes, including CRC

508:

An OBD 1.5 has also been used in the Ford Scorpio since 95.

428:(Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird) for 1995 and on the 3109:"What is Vehicle Telematics? Definition and FAQs | OmniSci" 1836:

Part 1: Requirements for interchange of digital information

1706:

For other categories this has been reserved for future use.

1492:

Large storage capacity for data logging and other functions

386:

OBD 1.5 refers to a partial implementation of OBD-II which

342: 336: 210: 180: 172: 3381: 1174:

makes Freeze Frame data accessible via the same PIDs. See

530: 51:

to detect failures that may increase the vehicle tailpipe

1973:

in the OBD specifications, which instead rely largely on

1716:

0 – Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls

1646: 1461: 1437:

An OBD-II software package when installed in a computer (

1421: 1415: 1233:

High sensor voltage threshold for switch time measurement

989:

Message length is restricted to 12 bytes, including

191: 2703: 1774:

J2012 – Defines standards trouble codes and definitions.

1227:

Low sensor voltage threshold for switch time measurement

904:

JOBD is a version of OBD-II for vehicles sold in Japan.

719:

Mercedes (K-Line): AB diagnostic – safety systems.

135:

introduces the first on-board computer system, in their

3218:"Experimental Security Analysis of a Modern Automobile" 3190:"Car hacks could turn commutes into a scene from Speed" 2507:"EEC IV Code Reader: For 2.9L 12 Valve & Early Tdi" 1919:

Part 3: Implementation of unified diagnostic services (

871:

P05xx – Vehicle Speed Controls and Idle Control System.

599:

Mercedes (K-Line): ABS, ASR, ESP, ETS, BAS diagnostic.

202:

and other military vehicles of the era for the US Army.

2808:"Intro to OBD-II vehicle diagnostics and GPS tracking" 401:), and have a subset of the OBD-II codes implemented. 2977: 2048:"Regulations for Emissions from Vehicles and Engines" 1390:

A range of rugged hand-held scan tools is available.

1094:

Message may contain up to 255 bytes in the data field

3174: 3172: 3170: 2453:"On-Board Diagnostic II (OBD II) Systems Fact Sheet" 1755: 1403:

Set manufacturer- or vehicle-specific ECU parameters

1358: 1293: 1188: 1058:

K-line idles high, with a 510 ohm resistor to V

3131: 3129: 1884:

Part 1: General information and use case definition

1771:

J1979 – Defines standards for diagnostic test modes

1118: 1067:

Message length is Max 260Bytes. Data field MAX 255.

3279:"Video: Key fob reprogrammers steal BMW in 3 mins" 2406:OBD-I to OBD-II: A History of On-Board Diagnostics 1926:Part 4: Requirements for emissions-related systems 1731:5 – Vehicle speed control and idle control systems 1653:P – Powertrain (engine, transmission and ignition) 1629: 995:Employs a multi-master arbitration scheme called ' 852:The next character would refer to the sub system. 561:SAE J1962 defines the pinout of the connector as: 542:Female OBD-II type A connector pinout – front view 3253:"$ 25 gadget lets hackers seize control of a car" 3167: 3157:"Complete OBD2 Codes List With Basic Explanation" 2587:. Publications Office of the European Parliament. 1876:Part 4: Requirements for emission-related systems 1686:1 – Indicates a manufacturer-specific (OEM) code. 1142: 862:P02xx – Fuel and Air Metering (Injector Circuit). 3389: 3126: 2640:. Australian Government ComLaw. April 28, 2007. 2585:"Directive 98/69/EC of the European Parliament" 1850:Part 1: Data link layer and physical signalling 1659:B – Body (includes air conditioning and airbag) 1591:Instrumentation may take the form of dedicated 1374:dealership tools to vehicle telematic devices. 908:ADR 79/01 & 79/02 (Australian OBD standard) 3138:"OBD2 Codes Guides and List for Free Download" 2654:. Australian Government ComLaw. June 30, 2010. 2409:, US: The Morey Corporation, December 21, 2022 2156:. US: Department of the Army. August 1, 1982. 1831:International Organization for Standardization 1829:ISO 9141: Road vehicles – Diagnostic systems. 1811:SAE standards documents on HD (Heavy Duty) OBD 1577:Driver's supplementary vehicle instrumentation 1572:Driver's supplementary vehicle instrumentation 1501:The identification and clearance of fault code 525: 239:~1994: Motivated by a desire for a state-wide 220:(CARB) requires that all new vehicles sold in 3382:United States Environmental Protection Agency 3299: 2362:International Council on Clean Transportation 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 1896:Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic services 432:(Chevrolet Cavalier and Pontiac Sunfire) and 160:introduces the first data link on their 1980 2074:Digital Electronic Fuel Injection 16007.02-1 1722:2 – Fuel and air metering (injector circuit) 1495:Higher resolution screen than handheld tools 999:with Non-Destructive Arbitration' (CSMA/NDA) 932:-engined cars and since January 1, 2007 for 824:-engined cars and since January 1, 2004 for 2304:"CAN Bus Explained – A Simple Intro (2021)" 2121:IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2076:. GM Product Service Training. August 1979. 1899:Part 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitions 1683:0 – Indicates a generic (SAE defined) code. 1584:diagnosis, tuning, or hidden data logging. 424:(Chevrolet Corvette) for 1994–1995, on the 420:(Chevrolet Beretta/Corsica) for 1994–1995, 3086:Shashika, Muramudalige (August 24, 2015). 2329:"GB 18352.6-2016 – PDF BOOK Auto-delivery" 2197: 1780:J2178-2 – Gives data parameter definitions 1656:C – Chassis (includes ABS and brake fluid) 1468:PC-based scan tools and analysis platforms 959: 651:Mercedes (TNA): TD engine rotation speed. 2624:"OBD-II Check Engine Light Trouble Codes" 1504:Data shown by intuitive graphs and charts 3215: 3085: 2935:"OBD2 Diagnostic Software for Laptop/PC" 2740:"How Can I Read OBD2 Freeze Frame Data?" 2020: 1957:are not designed with security in mind. 1515: 1471: 1381: 1221:Lean-to-Rich O2 sensor threshold voltage 1215:Rich-to-Lean O2 sensor threshold voltage 1147:Here is a basic introduction to the OBD 1123:OBD-II provides access to data from the 545: 537: 529: 31: 3276: 3154: 1377: 785:Activate Ethernet (Diagnostics over IP) 14: 3390: 3187: 3135: 2932: 2888: 2791:"Autoboss 30 Diagnostic Coverage List" 2763: 2737: 1750: 1416:Mobile device-based tools and analysis 1263:Time between voltage transitions in ms 1088:Physical layer identical to ISO 9141-2 631:SAE J1850 PWM only (not SAE 1850 VPW) 325: 3250: 1853:Part 2: High-speed medium access unit 1616: 1008:— 10.4/41.6 kB/sec, standard of 868:P04xx – Auxiliary Emissions Controls. 404:This hybrid system was present on GM 306:signaling standard (a variant of the 234:Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 3332:Birnbaum, Ralph and Truglia, Jerry. 3300:Van den Brink, Rob (July 10, 2012). 2766:"How To Read OBD2 Freeze Frame Data" 2559:"OBD II diagnostic interface pinout" 2493:1994 Corvette Service Manual, Book 2 2479:1994 Corvette Service Manual, Book 2 2189:. September 28, 2009. Archived from 1859:Part 4: Time-triggered communication 973:— 41.6 kB/sec, standard of the 717:Ford: FEPS – Programming PCM voltage 575:GM: J2411 GMLAN/SWC/Single-Wire CAN. 78: 3024:"Periodic motor vehicle test (APK)" 2428:"OBD - On-Board Diagnostic Program" 2220:. Ford Motor Company. June 9, 2011. 2163:from the original on August 6, 2020 2118: 1953:. Their conclusion is that vehicle 1559: 865:P03xx – Ignition System or Misfire. 843: 288:2006: All vehicles manufactured in 24: 3226:University of California San Diego 3216:Mastakar, Gaurav (April 6, 2012). 2377:ALDL Bluetooth AdapterUser's Guide 2052:US Environmental Protection Agency 1932: 1543:Monitoring of driver behaviour by 1432: 715:Ethernet RX- (Diagnostics over IP) 691:Ethernet RX+ (Diagnostics over IP) 663:Ethernet TX- (Diagnostics over IP) 645:Ethernet TX+ (Diagnostics over IP) 27:Automotive engineering terminology 25: 3419: 3364: 2933:Miller, Tim (February 12, 2019). 2764:Miller, Tim (February 28, 2018). 1756:SAE standards documents on OBD-II 1634:OBD-II diagnostic trouble codes ( 912:The ADR 79/01 (Vehicle Standard ( 3136:Miller, Tim (October 25, 2021). 2889:Miller, Tim (October 31, 2021). 2844:"OBD Software – Elm Electronics" 1823: 1725:3 – Ignition systems or misfires 1400:Access more advanced diagnostics 1359:#OBD-II_diagnostic_trouble_codes 1294:#OBD-II_diagnostic_trouble_codes 1189:#OBD-II_diagnostic_trouble_codes 1119:OBD-II diagnostic data available 1091:Data rate 1.2 to 10.4 kBaud 874:P06xx – Computer Output Circuit. 804:(+24 Volt for type B connector) 593:GM: 8192 baud ALDL where fitted. 534:Female OBD-II connector on a car 83: 3293: 3270: 3244: 3209: 3181: 3155:Richard, David (June 4, 2021). 3148: 3101: 3079: 3053: 3041: 3016: 2995: 2970: 2945: 2926: 2901: 2882: 2857: 2836: 2818: 2800: 2783: 2757: 2731: 2697: 2672: 2658: 2644: 2630: 2616: 2591: 2577: 2551: 2525: 2499: 2485: 2471: 2445: 2420: 2397: 2383: 2369: 2346: 2321: 2296: 2282: 2260: 1913:Part 2: Network layer services 1893:Part 4: External test equipment 1734:6 – Computer and output circuit 1728:4 – Auxiliary emission controls 1667: 1630:OBD-II diagnostic trouble codes 1511: 1365: 802:(+12 Volt for type A connector) 3188:Bright, Peter (May 15, 2010). 2891:"How Does OBD2 Software Work?" 2666:"Diagnosing Serial Data Buses" 2457:California Air Resources Board 2432:California Air Resources Board 2238: 2187:California Air Resources Board 2175: 2143: 2112: 2080: 2066: 2040: 2014: 1245:Lean-to Rich switch time in ms 1239:Rich-to-Lean switch time in ms 1143:Mode of operation/OBD services 859:P01xx – Fuel and Air Metering. 218:California Air Resources Board 98:format but may read better as 13: 1: 3251:Marks, Paul (July 17, 2013). 3050:open source OBD trip computer 2230:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 2008: 1539:auto insurance risk selection 1319:Vehicle Identification Number 1024:Decision point is +3.5 V 997:Carrier Sense Multiple Access 771:(ISO 9141-2 and ISO 14230-4) 759:(ISO 9141-2 and ISO 14230-4) 2738:Miller, Tim (June 7, 2019). 1330:In-use performance counters 745:(ISO 15765-4 and SAE J2284) 733:(ISO 15765-4 and SAE J2284) 7: 3376:National OBD Clearing House 1993:Unified Diagnostic Services 1980: 1910:Part 1: General information 1530:Data logging uses include: 946: 526:OBD-II diagnostic connector 271:European emission standards 249:gross vehicle weight rating 49:federal emissions standards 10: 3424: 1975:security through obscurity 1902:Part 7: Data link security 1743:A-F – Hybrid Trouble Codes 775: 749: 723: 697: 673: 635: 603: 565: 381: 334: 74: 3097:– via Academia.edu. 1873:Part 3: Application layer 1719:1 – Fuel and air metering 1085:pin 15: L-line (optional) 1052:pin 15: L-line (optional) 1021:High voltage is +7 V 986:High voltage is +5 V 954:diesel particulate filter 511: 281: 266: 226:Exhaust gas recirculation 213:signaling on some models. 175:that interfaces with the 3408:Vehicle security systems 3302:"Dude, Your Car is Pwnd" 3277:Riggers (July 2, 2012). 3222:University of Washington 1943:University of California 1939:University of Washington 1700:3 – Category dependent: 1689:2 – Category dependent: 1662:U – Network (wiring bus) 1257:Maximum voltage for test 1251:Minimum voltage for test 887: 397:(although they have two 355:emission control systems 348: 69:diagnostic trouble codes 3398:Automotive technologies 2333:www.chinesestandard.net 2129:10.1109/TIE.1985.350105 2100:Cite magazine requires 1870:Part 2: Data link layer 1789:J2284-3 – Defines 500K 960:OBD-II signal protocols 899: 814: 781:Manufacturer discretion 711:Manufacturer discretion 687:Manufacturer discretion 659:Manufacturer discretion 641:Manufacturer discretion 589:Manufacturer discretion 571:Manufacturer discretion 330: 308:Controller Area Network 107:converting this section 3351:. Pennsylvania, 2003. 3334:Getting to Know OBD II 2513:. UK. January 14, 2006 2379:, 1320 Electronics LLC 2123:. IE-32 (4): 327–333. 1867:Part 1: Physical layer 1802:J2411 – Describes the 1521: 1477: 1387: 1345:for an extensive list. 1343:OBD-II PIDs#Service_09 1268:OBD-II PIDs#Service_05 1176:OBD-II PIDs#Service_02 1165:for an extensive list. 1163:OBD-II PIDs#Service_01 1149:communication protocol 971:pulse-width modulation 551: 543: 535: 185:Pulse-width modulation 37: 3318:on February 23, 2013. 3232:on September 20, 2012 3178:ELM327DSL.pdf, p. 36. 2909:"OBD Interpreter ICs" 2599:"Blog | Indramat USA" 2268:"OBDII Compatibility" 1519: 1475: 1385: 1137:Table of OBD-II Codes 1077:Keyword Protocol 2000 880:P08xx – Transmission. 877:P07xx – Transmission. 549: 541: 533: 177:Engine Control Module 35: 3403:Industrial computing 2539:. September 30, 2019 2459:. September 19, 2019 1951:engine control units 1603:, smartphones, or a 1551:Analysis of vehicle 1378:Hand-held scan tools 1006:variable pulse width 892:The term "EOBD2" is 820:January 1, 2001 for 412:cars for 1994–1995, 399:catalytic converters 273:Directive 98/69/EC). 253:California emissions 41:On-board diagnostics 3347:SAE International. 3067:. December 15, 2020 1998:Engine control unit 1937:Researchers at the 1751:Standards documents 1125:engine control unit 667:Chrysler CCD Bus(-) 649:Chrysler CCD Bus(+) 597:Toyota: RPM signal. 519:Data Link Connector 378:equipped vehicles. 326:Standard interfaces 3336:. New York, 2000. 2668:. August 25, 2016. 2565:. December 2, 2017 1617:Vehicle telematics 1522: 1478: 1424:adaptor cables or 1388: 975:Ford Motor Company 789:Mercedes: Ignition 552: 544: 536: 109:, if appropriate. 38: 2680:"ISO 9141-2:1994" 2533:"Mercedes PinOut" 2193:on June 27, 2013. 1989:("Parameter IDs") 1607:navigation unit. 1599:or interfaces to 809: 808: 627:Bus negative Line 496: 495: 241:emissions testing 162:Cadillac Eldorado 152:Cadillac Seville. 128: 127: 16:(Redirected from 3415: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3311:. Archived from 3306: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3228:. Archived from 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3165: 3164: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3133: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3092: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2710: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2603:indramat-usa.com 2595: 2589: 2588: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2358: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2229: 2221: 2214: 2195: 2194: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2088: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2054:. April 15, 2016 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2018: 1955:embedded systems 1740:8 – Transmission 1737:7 – Transmission 1674: 1671: 1560:Emission testing 1354: 1312: 1303: 1289: 1279: 1262: 1256: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1207: 1198: 1185: 1172: 1159: 844:EOBD fault codes 595:BMW: RPM signal. 564: 563: 442: 441: 123: 120: 114: 105:You can help by 87: 86: 79: 21: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3388: 3387: 3367: 3362: 3323: 3315: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3168: 3153: 3149: 3134: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3113:www.omnisci.com 3107: 3106: 3102: 3090: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3028:business.gov.nl 3022: 3021: 3017: 3007: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2957:CSS Electronics 2951: 2950: 2946: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2869:CarDoctorPortal 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2708: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2563:Pinoutguide.com 2557: 2556: 2552: 2542: 2540: 2537:Pinoutguide.com 2531: 2530: 2526: 2516: 2514: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2436: 2434: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2412: 2410: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2308:CSS Electronics 2302: 2301: 2297: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2273: 2271: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2223: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2198: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2117: 2113: 2102:|magazine= 2101: 2099: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2057: 2055: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2019: 2015: 2011: 1983: 1935: 1933:Security issues 1826: 1813: 1798:data link layer 1758: 1753: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1632: 1619: 1574: 1562: 1514: 1470: 1435: 1433:OBD-II Software 1418: 1380: 1368: 1352: 1351:Service / Mode 1310: 1309:Service / Mode 1301: 1300:Service / Mode 1287: 1286:Service / Mode 1277: 1276:Service / Mode 1260: 1254: 1248: 1242: 1236: 1230: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1205: 1204:Service / Mode 1196: 1195:Service / Mode 1183: 1182:Service / Mode 1170: 1169:Service / Mode 1157: 1156:Service / Mode 1145: 1121: 1109:pin 14: CAN Low 1106:pin 6: CAN High 1061: 1004:SAE J1850 VPW ( 969:SAE J1850 PWM ( 962: 949: 936:-engined cars. 910: 902: 894:marketing speak 890: 846: 832: 817: 803: 800: 798:Battery voltage 790: 788: 786: 783: 769: 757: 743: 731: 718: 716: 713: 692: 689: 668: 666: 664: 661: 650: 648: 646: 643: 629: 614: 598: 596: 594: 591: 580: 578: 576: 573: 556:J1962 connector 528: 514: 384: 351: 339: 333: 328: 124: 118: 115: 104: 88: 84: 77: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3421: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3386: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3366: 3365:External links 3363: 3361: 3360: 3345: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3321: 3309:SANS Institute 3292: 3269: 3243: 3208: 3180: 3166: 3147: 3125: 3100: 3078: 3052: 3040: 3015: 2994: 2978:"Home • IOSiX" 2969: 2944: 2925: 2900: 2881: 2856: 2835: 2817: 2812:OBD By Tramigo 2799: 2782: 2756: 2730: 2696: 2671: 2657: 2643: 2629: 2615: 2590: 2576: 2550: 2524: 2498: 2484: 2470: 2444: 2419: 2396: 2382: 2368: 2345: 2320: 2295: 2281: 2259: 2237: 2196: 2174: 2142: 2111: 2079: 2065: 2039: 2021:CarTechBooks. 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1982: 1979: 1967:authentication 1934: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1741: 1738: 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828:engined cars. 816: 813: 807: 806: 795: 792: 778: 774: 773: 764: 761: 752: 748: 747: 738: 735: 726: 722: 721: 708: 705: 700: 696: 695: 684: 681: 679:Chassis ground 676: 672: 671: 656: 653: 638: 634: 633: 624: 621: 606: 602: 601: 586: 583: 568: 527: 524: 513: 510: 494: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 472: 468: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 388:General Motors 383: 380: 350: 347: 335:Main article: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 322: 318: 315: 300: 297: 286: 278:European Union 274: 263:European Union 259: 256: 245: 244:specification. 237: 214: 207:General Motors 203: 188: 169:General Motors 165: 158:General Motors 154: 143: 126: 125: 119:September 2021 91: 89: 82: 76: 73: 65:real-time data 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3420: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3358: 3357:0-7680-1145-0 3354: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3342:0-9706711-0-5 3339: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3325: 3324: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3281:. 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US: PLX 2226:cite book 1949:into the 1553:black box 1454:Bluetooth 1426:Bluetooth 1075:KWP2000 ( 1073:ISO 14230 617:SAE J1850 321:EMD/EMD+. 290:Australia 61:tell-tale 53:emissions 2749:July 22, 2569:June 28, 2158:Archived 2137:19426686 1981:See also 1947:firmware 1833:, 1989. 1794:physical 1642:number. 1597:carputer 1282:monitor. 1030:Employs 947:EMD/EMD+ 729:CAN high 230:retronym 200:M60 tank 3285:July 9, 3048:OBDuino 2918:June 2, 2517:June 2, 2463:June 2, 2437:June 2, 2252:May 17, 2167:May 16, 2058:June 2, 1923:on CAN) 1439:Windows 741:CAN low 382:OBD-1.5 368:onboard 285:OBD-II. 75:History 3355: 3340: 2455:. US: 2430:. US: 2185:. US: 2135: 1765:41.6K) 1605:Garmin 1483:ELM327 1044:RS-232 934:diesel 930:petrol 920:esign 826:diesel 822:petrol 767:L-line 755:K-line 512:OBD-II 434:N-Body 430:J-Body 426:F-body 422:Y-body 418:L-body 414:W-body 410:H-body 406:B-body 310:(CAN) 280:makes 265:makes 205:1986: 190:1982: 167:1981: 156:1980: 140:Type 3 131:1968: 94:is in 18:OBD-II 3326:Notes 3316:(PDF) 3305:(PDF) 3091:(PDF) 2982:IOSiX 2794:(PDF) 2709:(PDF) 2357:(PDF) 2161:(PDF) 2154:(PDF) 2133:S2CID 1817:J1939 1804:GMLAN 1458:Wi-Fi 1447:Linux 1445:, or 1317:VIN ( 926:79/01 888:EOBD2 349:OBD-I 341:GM's 183:with 100:prose 3353:ISBN 3338:ISBN 3287:2020 3264:2013 3238:2012 3224:and 3203:2012 3120:2021 3073:2021 3035:2021 3010:2021 2989:2021 2964:2021 2920:2024 2876:2021 2851:2021 2777:2021 2751:2020 2725:2020 2691:2020 2610:2023 2571:2022 2545:2022 2519:2024 2465:2024 2439:2024 2415:2023 2340:2021 2315:2021 2276:2019 2254:2020 2232:link 2169:2020 2106:help 2060:2024 2034:2023 1969:and 1941:and 1796:and 1647:bits 1636:DTCs 1601:PDAs 1353:$ 0A 1341:See 1311:$ 09 1302:$ 08 1288:$ 07 1278:$ 06 1266:See 1261:$ 09 1255:$ 08 1249:$ 07 1243:$ 06 1237:$ 05 1231:$ 04 1225:$ 03 1219:$ 02 1213:$ 01 1206:$ 05 1197:$ 04 1184:$ 03 1171:$ 02 1158:$ 01 1060:batt 1034:/NDA 1032:CSMA 924:ule 900:JOBD 815:EOBD 375:LEDs 343:ALDL 337:ALDL 331:ALDL 292:and 282:EOBD 267:EOBD 211:UART 196:CUCV 181:baud 173:ALDL 96:list 67:and 2719:(7) 2684:ISO 2125:doi 1963:bus 1921:UDS 1791:CAN 1462:USB 1460:or 1443:Mac 1422:USB 1372:OEM 1129:PID 1101:CAN 991:CRC 794:16 763:15 737:14 707:13 683:12 655:11 623:10 610:Bus 492:16 312:bus 192:RCA 45:OBD 3394:: 3307:. 3255:. 3220:. 3192:. 3169:^ 3159:. 3140:. 3128:^ 3111:. 3093:. 3063:. 3026:. 2980:. 2955:. 2937:. 2911:. 2893:. 2867:. 2828:. 2810:. 2768:. 2742:. 2715:. 2711:. 2682:. 2601:. 2561:. 2535:. 2509:. 2359:. 2331:. 2306:. 2228:}} 2224:{{ 2199:^ 2131:. 2097:: 2095:}} 2091:{{ 2050:. 2025:. 1977:. 1595:, 1456:, 1441:, 1079:) 1012:) 977:) 777:8 751:7 725:6 699:5 675:4 637:3 605:2 585:9 567:1 489:15 486:14 483:13 480:12 477:11 474:10 466:8 314:). 198:, 3359:. 3344:. 3289:. 3266:. 3240:. 3205:. 3163:. 3144:. 3122:. 3075:. 3037:. 3012:. 2991:. 2966:. 2941:. 2922:. 2897:. 2878:. 2853:. 2832:. 2814:. 2796:. 2779:. 2753:. 2727:. 2717:4 2693:. 2626:. 2612:. 2573:. 2547:. 2521:. 2467:. 2441:. 2393:. 2365:. 2342:. 2317:. 2278:. 2256:. 2234:) 2171:. 2139:. 2127:: 2108:) 2104:( 2062:. 2036:. 1361:. 1296:. 1191:. 922:R 918:D 914:A 471:9 463:7 460:6 457:5 454:4 451:3 448:2 445:1 121:) 117:( 103:. 43:( 20:)

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