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enemy with the border warriors; some of them were put to the sword, all their possessions, as well as the children and women were taken and captured, and on the seventh day they returned to the camp with much booty and twenty thousand prisoners. When the prisoners were taken to the
Islamic market, they were more than twice as many as our soldiers. My servants also brought three Hungarian students... In the meantime, due to the large number of prisoners, fear arose in the Islamic camp, and by order of the chief serdar, the children, girls and young women were kept, and nine thousand of the men fit to wield swords were killed on the shore of the Szamos river... With the blessing of Lord Melek Ahmed Pasha, on the eighth day of the Feast Eid al-Adha in the year 1071 , with twenty thousand selected Tatar soldiers who started with forty or fifty thousand wind-speed horses... trusting in Allah, we went out of the Islamic camp and that day and night in the Transylvanian part of the Tisza river, burning and destroying a few hundred villages and towns, we reached BelsĆ-Szolnok county. It was a cultivated and populous district, but it was destroyed without any trace of prosperity, and its inhabitants were taken prisoner. The next day we set fire to four towns and destroyed some villages, their inhabitants were partly taken prisoner and partly lost. Allahu Akbar! It is such a large plain and so populous countryside... However, when it was burned, it was so destroyed that only its land, its stone churches, and its towers remained, and his infidel and fornicate people all went into captivity. While we were here, we wandered without fear, destroying the western part to the right and then to the left, and came here between eating and drinking.
1554:(Ottoman rulers) became the sole landowner and managed about 20 percent of the land for its own benefit, apportioning the rest among soldiers and civil servants. The Ottoman landlords were interested mainly in squeezing as much wealth from the land as quickly as possible. Of major importance to the Sublime Porte was the collection of taxes. Taxation left little for the former landlords to collect; Most of the nobility and large numbers of burghers emigrated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary ("Royal Hungary") province. Wars, slave raids, and the emigration of nobles who lost their land caused a depopulation of the countryside. However, the Ottomans practiced relative religious tolerance and allowed the various ethnicities living within the empire significant autonomy in internal affairs. Towns maintained some self-government, and a prosperous middle class developed through artisanry and trade.
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1125:. Ownership of much of the land was distributed to Ottoman soldiers and officials with about 20% of the territory being retained by the Ottoman state. As a border territory, much of Ottoman Hungary was heavily fortified with troop garrisons. During the long three-way HungarianâHabsburgâOttoman wars the Hungarian population highly decimated. The wartorn territory became a depopulated area, thus later sizeable Orthodox Southern Slavic speaking population was installed by the Ottoman Porte during the 17th century. The territory became economically under-developed, and it was only a drain on Ottoman resources. Although there was some immigration from other parts of the Empire and some conversions to
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1746:, the Hungarian capital at the time of the Ottoman conquest, was emblematic of its stagnated growth rate. The city's population was no larger in 1686 than it had been two centuries prior. The Ottomans allowed the Hungarian royal palace to fall into ruins. The Ottomans later transformed the palace into a gunpowder store and magazine, which caused its detonation during the siege in 1686. The Christian Hungarian population significantly shrank in the next decades, due to them fleeing to the Habsburg-ruled
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links between contiguous regions that is associated with prolonged warfare of the medieval pattern was largely absent in
Ottoman warfare of the 17th century. The most severe destructions were experienced during the Hungarian time of troubles, when between 1604 and 1606 the worst effects of the controlled confrontation between Ottoman-Habsburg forces were magnified many times over by Hungary's descent into civil war during the
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2004:, people not only prayed, but were taught to read and write, to read the Koran, and prayers. The sermons were the most effective form of political education. There were numerous elementary and secondary schools besides the mosques, and the monasteries of the Dervish orders also served as centers of culture and education.
1424:, the Ottomans ceded to Habsburgs much of the territory they had previously taken from the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Following this treaty, the members of the Habsburg dynasty administered a much enlarged Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary (previously they controlled only area known as "Royal Hungary"; see
1724:
The Tatars raided on that day and night. In a location called SzatmĂĄr some thousand enemy encamped in a marshy place... The infidels all came out of the marshy place and there was massacre and fighting for three hours... When they arrived on the plain, the
Tartars turned back at once and engaged the
1657:
As a consequence of the 150 years of constant warfare between the
Christian states and Ottomans, population growth was stunted, and the network of ethnic Hungarian medieval settlements, with their urbanized bourgeois inhabitants, perished. The ethnic composition of the territory that had been part of
1368:
In these times, the territory of present-day
Hungary began to undergo changes due to the Ottoman occupation. Vast lands remained unpopulated and covered with woods. Flood plains became marshes. The life of the inhabitants on the Ottoman side was unsafe. Peasants fled to the woods and marshes, forming
1373:
troops. Eventually, the territory of present-day
Hungary became a drain on the Ottoman Empire, swallowing much of its revenue into the maintenance of a long chain of border forts. However, some parts of the economy flourished. In the huge unpopulated areas, townships bred cattle that were herded to
1812:
According to data presented in the most authoritative studies, the collective population of all three regions grew from about 3.5 million inhabitants at the close of the 16th century to about 4 million by the close of the 17th century. This increase was before the immigration to
Hungary from other
1642:
from the
Ottoman occupation, the opposing sides fielded armies of about 50,000 soldiers in every year. During the Ottoman rule, the relative calm periods were also not peaceful, the wars were ongoing at the borders. The raids were daily, primarily intended for tax collection and plundering, which
1621:
For more than 150 years, the territory of
Hungary was a battleground between the forces of the great powers. The military conflict was constant during the entire period of the Ottoman rule. Hungary endured a great number of Ottoman military campaigns and sieges from 1521 to 1568, at the same time
1817:
of the 17th century were fought intermittently and affected populations occupying a much narrower band of territory. Thus wartime dislocations in
Hungary do not seem to have seriously affected mortality rates among the general civilian population. The breakdown of social order and other economic
1450:
The number of Ottoman garrison troops stationed in Ottoman Hungary vary, but during the peak period in the mid-16th century it rose to between 20,000 and 22,000 men. As a force of occupation for a country the size of Hungary, even confined to central portions it was a rather low-profile military
1803:
The South Slavic peoples (Serbs, Bosniaks) expanded northward in the wake of the Ottoman conquest, while the Hungarian population that survived the Ottoman conquest fled the area over the course of the 17th century. Throughout the 17th century, the newly settled Orthodox South Slavic population
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Kocsis, KĂĄroly; TĂĄtrai, Patrik; AgĂĄrdi, Norbert; Balizs, DĂĄniel; BognĂĄr, AndrĂĄs; Bottlik, Zsolt; KovĂĄcs, AnikĂł; Varga, ĂrpĂĄd E.; Farkas, ZoltĂĄn; Keresztesi, ZoltĂĄn; KoczĂł, Fanni; NemerkĂ©nyi, Zsombor; SzabĂł, BalĂĄzs; SzabĂł, RenĂĄta; SzilĂĄdi, JĂłzsef; BagamĂ©ri, Gergely; BalĂĄzs, Ăva; Butor, Zsanett;
1772:
The Hungarian inhabitants of cities moved to other places when they felt threatened by the Ottoman military presence. Without exception, in the cities that became Ottoman administrative centers the Christian population decreased. The Hungarian population remained only in some cities, where the
1788:
conquest. The decline of the Hungarians was due to the constant wars, Ottoman raids, famines, and plagues during the 150 years of Ottoman rule. The main zones of war were the territories inhabited by the Hungarians, so the death toll depleted them much faster than other nationalities.
1342:. It was established by the Treaty of Speyer, which saw the Eastern Hungarian King became the first Prince of Transylvania. Whereas a great many of the 17,000 and 19,000 Ottoman soldiers in service in the Ottoman fortresses in the territory of present-day Hungary were
1278:
while the Habsburgs ruled northern and western parts. The Habsburgs tried several times to unite all Hungary under their rule, but the Ottoman Empire prevented that by supporting the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. King John I died in 1540, the Habsburg forces besieged
2067:
Meanwhile he wins by craft more than by force, and snatches away Christ by fraud out of the hearts of men. For the Turk, it is true, at the present time compels no country by violence to apostatise; but he uses other means whereby imperceptibly he roots out
1921:, were also seen in the territory of present-day southern Hungary, where mosques, bridges, fountains, baths and schools were built. After the Habsburg reclamation, most of these works were destroyed and few survive to this day. The introduction of
1750:, especially by 1547 the number of the original Christian population of Buda was down to about a thousand, and by 1647 it had fallen to only about seventy. The number of Jewish and Gypsy immigrants became dominant during the Ottoman rule in Buda.
1784:, the proportion of Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin was around 75-80% at the end of the 15th century, and non-Hungarians were little more than 20 to 25% of the total population. The Hungarian population began to decrease at the time of the
1804:
ensured the military garrisons, logistical support, and food supply of the Ottoman army in this region. Consequently, the Hungarians derisively referred to the region of Ottoman conquest as "Rascia" (Serbia) from that period onward.
1773:
Ottoman garrisons were not installed. From the early 17th century, Serbian refugees were the ethnic majority in large parts of Ottoman-controlled Hungary. That area included territories between the great rivers Sava, Drava, and the
1542:. Administrative centers of Budin, Zigetvar, Kanije and EÄri eyalets were located in the territory of present-day Hungary, while TemeĆvar and Varat eyalets that had their administrative centers in the territory of present-day
2095:
that were either newly built or transformed from older Christian churches. Payment for the servants of the mosques, as well as the maintenance of the churches, was the responsibility of the Ottoman state or charities.
1825:
Hungary's population in the late 16th century was in Ottoman Hungary 900,000, in Habsburg Hungary 1,800,000 and 'free' (Transylvania) Hungary 800,000, making a total of 3,500,000 inhabitants for the whole of Hungary.
1829:
The population growth in Ottoman Hungary during the 17th century was slight: from 900,000 to approximately 1,000,000 inhabitants, a rate similar to that experienced in Royal Hungary and Transylvania.
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1311:. The Principality of Transylvania was a semi-independent state, and a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, it continued to be part of the Kingdom of Hungary in the sense of public law,
1643:
caused significant damage in the Hungarian settlement areas: material destruction, population displacement, kidnapping and killing people. In the 17th century, the campaigns waged by
1078:
had passed to the Habsburgs. The imperial armies pushed the Turks out of Hungary relatively quickly and occupied Transylvania as well. Following the defeat of the Ottomans in the
1662:
was fundamentally changed through deportations and massacres, so that the number of ethnic Hungarians in existence at the end of the Ottoman period was substantially diminished.
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Early Modern Religious Communities in East-Central Europe: Ethnic Diversity, Denominational Plurality, and Corporative Politics in the Principality of Transylvania (1526-1691)
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in 1529 failed after the onset of winter forced his retreat. The title of king of Hungary was disputed between ZĂĄpolya and Ferdinand until 1540. After the seizure of
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In 1640 when the front remained relatively quiet, 8,000 Janissary supported by an undocumented number of local recruits was sufficient to garrison the whole of the
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and contained a school and library offering Muslim religious sciences, literature, works on oratory, poetry, astronomy, music, architecture, and medical sciences.
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2594:(in Hungarian and English) (3rd ed.). Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Geographical Institute.
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The Ottomans practiced relative religious tolerance, and Christianity was not prohibited. Islam was not spread by force in the areas under the control of the
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1614:, based on their researches. Hungarians are depicted in orange. The ethnic pattern of Hungary changed due to the centuries long wars and migration movements.
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and the south central and central areas of the kingdom came under the authority of the Ottoman Empire, therefore Hungary was divided into three parts
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The 1881 map of Hungary showing the boundaries of the almost completely destroyed Hungarian settlement areas during the Ottoman occupation of Hungary
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Despite the continuous warfare with the Habsburgs, several Muslim cultural centres sprang up in this far northern corner of the Empire. Examples of
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the Hungarian capital in 1541, Sultan Suleiman led a relief force and defeated the Habsburgs, the Ottomans captured the city by a trick during the
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2950:"Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History (The Balkans in the Age of Nationalism), Lecture 4: Hungary and the limits of Habsburg authority"
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Budapest: a history from its beginnings to 1998, Volume 86 van Atlantic studies on society in change, Volume 462 van East European monographs
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1334:"), while the central and southern counties were annexed by the Ottoman Sultan and the east was ruled by the son of ZĂĄpolya under the name
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Kocsis, KĂĄroly; TĂĄtrai, Patrik; AgĂĄrdi, Norbert; Balizs, DĂĄniel; KovĂĄcs, AnikĂł; GercsĂĄk, Tibor; Klinghammer, IstvĂĄn; Tiner, Tibor (2015).
1965:) were operating in 39 of the major towns of the region. The elementary schools taught writing, basic arithmetics, and the reading of the
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were responsible for administration, jurisdiction and defense. The Ottomans' only interest was to secure their hold on the territory. The
2530:(3rd ed.). Budapest: The Hungarian Academy of Sciences â Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences Geographical Institute.
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Osmanlı'Nın Macaristanı - Osmanlı Hakimiyetindeki Macaristan'In Tarihi CoÄrafyası Ve Ä°dari Taksimat-Sadık MĂŒfit Bilge DeÄerlendirmeleri
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Christina Shea, Joseph S. Lieber, Erzsébet Baråt, Frommer's Budapest & the Best of Hungary, John Wiley and Sons, 2004, p 122-123
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swung the balance of power in the region. Still, in 1686, Buda was recaptured by the Ottomans. In 1699, under the terms of the
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in 1699. The remaining Ottoman occupied territories (that encompassed the southern border regions of the Kingdom of Hungary),
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Changing Ethnic Patterns of the CarpathoâPannonian Area from the Late 15th until the Early 21st Century â Accompanying Text
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had started long before the Ottoman rule, the Ottomans had already invaded Hungary's southern parts between 1390 and 1400.
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By the end of the sixteenth century, around 90% of the inhabitants of Ottoman Hungary were Protestant, most of them being
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The north-western rim of the Hungarian kingdom remained unconquered and recognised members of the House of Habsburg as
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Die Baranya in den Jahren 1686 bis 1713: KontinuitĂ€t und Wandel in einem ungarischen Komitat nach dem Abzug der TĂŒrken
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The Hungarian Ottoman province covered about 91,250 km (35,230 sq mi). The territory was divided into
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1177:'s Principality of Upper Hungary (existed between 1682 and 1685), Principality of Transylvania, and Ottoman eyalets.
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During the period of Ottoman rule, Ottoman conquered parts of Hungary was divided for administrative purposes into
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presence in much of the country and a relatively large proportion of it was concentrated in a few key fortresses.
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during the 15th century and successfully halted the empireâs advance. However, from 1490, after the death of King
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The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 136
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dervishes. Built around 1576 next to the tĂŒrbe of Sultan SĂŒleyman I the Magnificent (1520â1566) in Sigetvar (
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Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest
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carried out secondary and academic training within the fields of Muslim religious sciences, church law and
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The Sultan launched an attack against the weakened kingdom, whose smaller army was defeated in 1526 at the
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Ethnic maps of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1495 (before Ottoman rule) and in 1784 (a century after) by the
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southern Slavonic speakers. The Ottomans were relatively religiously tolerant and this tolerance allowed
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Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Facts on File Library of World History Gale virtual reference library
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Manggha Museum of Japanese Art and Technology & Polish Institute of World Art Studies. pp. 75-83.
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in Ottoman-controlled territory of present-day Hungary was that of Budin (Buda), commissioned by the
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and carrying out several defence battles and sieges against the Ottomans. They bore the brunt of the
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also became briefly a vassal state due to an anti-Habsburg Protestant uprising between 1682 and 1685.
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The Art of the Islamic World and the Artistic Relationships Between Poland and Islamic Countries.
1929:, was the beginning of a long tradition in the territory of present-day Hungary. No less than 75
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Gertheis, Anna; Szigeti, Csaba; Veszely, Zsuzsanna; GercsĂĄk, GĂĄbor; Klinghammer, IstvĂĄn (2015).
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and northern Italy - in some years they exported 500,000 head of cattle. Wine was traded to the
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in Peçuy (Pécs) was another famous location. Its most outstanding prior was Mevlevian dervish
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was an Ottoman vassal state for the majority of the 16th and 17th centuries, the short lived
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1691:. Please help replace the disputed map with another suitable one or improve it if possible.
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of Budin. At first, Ottoman-controlled territories in present-day Hungary were part of the
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had increased gradually, as did the territory controlled by them in the Balkans, while the
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Building and builder: Constructions under Sokollu Mustafa Pasha's reign in medieval Buda
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There were approximately 80,000 Muslim settlers in the Ottoman-controlled territory of
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and other light troops intended for pillaging in the territory of present-day Hungary.
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between 1716 and 1718, the cession of these regions was acknowledged by signing of the
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2389:(1â2). Hungarian Studies Association of Canada, National SzĂ©chĂ©nyi Library: 109â132.
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Suleyman the Magnificent and His Age: The Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World
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The boundary between the three territories thereupon became the frontline in the
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The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir
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by the Ottomans in 1541, the West and North recognized a Habsburg as king ("
5201:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4734:
4729:
4701:
4653:
4648:
4613:
4583:
4482:
4477:
3395:
2351:
2333:
2248:
dancer with castanets. Ottoman miniature by Balåzs Szigetvåri Csöbör, 1570.
2221:
The Ottoman Pasha of Budin (Buda) receives the envoy of the Ottoman Sultan.
2047:
1945:
convents or dervish lodges established across Hungary: two in Buda, one in
1922:
1539:
1523:
1505:
1485:
1394:
1039:
during the period of significant Ottoman presence in the kingdom, from the
152:
78:
74:
58:
2401:
Colonialism: an international social, cultural, and political encyclopedia
2323:
2160:), it soon became the religious and cultural centre of the area. A famous
2157:
4911:
4608:
4527:
2848:
Hungary. (2009). In EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica. Retrieved 11 May 2009, from
2746:
2197:
2189:
2130:
2063:, however, Arnold concludes by quoting a 17th-century author who stated:
2016:
1926:
1719:
The Hungarian journey of Evliya Ăelebi, a Turkish traveller in 1660â1664:
1350:
1347:
62:
3087:. In Biedronska-Slota, B.; Ginter-Frolow, M. & Malinowski, J. (ed).
2559:
2122:
1204:
Since the 1360s, Hungarians confronted with the Ottoman Empire, leading
1137:
to gain traction in the Eastern edges of Ottoman Hungary, also known as
1047:
in 1699. The territory was incorporated into the empire, under the name
954:
4109:
3286:
3062:
3060:
2652:
Evliya Ăelebi, The Hungarian Journey of the Turkish Traveller 1660â1664
2617:"The changing facets of Hungarian nationalism - Nationalism Reexamined"
2245:
1547:
1262:
died. After the death of the Hungarian king, both the Hungarian noble
1216:, the royal power declined and in 1521, Hungary was invaded by Sultan
1169:
The political situation around 1683: The Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary (
1165:
1153:
The political situation around 1572: The Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary (
1149:
5160:
2760:
2695:
The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe
2276:
2183:
1622:
when Hungary had an ongoing struggle between its two kings (Austrian
1444:
144:
3057:
2125:
monastery of Budin (Buda), sheltering 60 dervishes, belonged to the
2087:; being mainly administrators, soldiers, artisans, and merchants of
1848:
5124:
3554:
3494:
2551:Ćri, PĂ©ter; Kocsis, KĂĄroly; FaragĂł, TamĂĄs; TĂłth, PĂĄl PĂ©ter (2021).
2192:
settled in Baranya and the City PĂ©cs in Ottoman Hungary. After the
2165:
2105:
1248:
1141:, unlike in Royal Hungary where the Habsburgs tried to repress it.
1095:
233:
4394:
2749:, A History of Hungary, Indiana University Press, 1994 pp. 11-143.
2578:
2146:
2008:
1322:
Suleiman went further and tried to crush Austrian forces, but his
1074:, the Hungarian parliament recognized that the inheritance of the
1031:, literally "the Turkish subjugation") refers to the parts of the
4799:
3525:
3196:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2898:â No. 47 â April 15, 1965 â Hungary â Romania (Rumania) Boundary"
2201:
2117:
2100:
2092:
2084:
1961:
1953:, and a fifth one in Lippa. In the 17th century, 165 elementary (
1819:
1543:
1138:
1082:, the Ottomans recognized the loss of the Ottoman Hungary by the
840:
237:
225:
221:
127:
2455:"Part I - The Decline of the Ottoman Empire - MuslimMatters.org"
2322:
Ingrao, Charles; SamardĆŸiÄ, Nikola; PeĆĄalj, Jovan, eds. (2011).
2091:
origin. The religious life of the Muslims was supervised by the
2036:
1982:
4415:
2648:
Evlia Cselebi török vilĂĄgutazĂł magyarorszĂĄgi utazĂĄsai 1660â1664
2001:
1955:
1918:
1515:
1511:
1354:
1122:
1118:
320:
229:
2964:
3028:
3026:
3024:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2111:
1981:
operated in Budin (Buda), where there were twelve. In Peçuy (
1966:
1941:
During the 16th and 17th centuries, there were at least five
1519:
1126:
148:
120:
3229:, Volume 57, Number 4, 7 December 2004, pp. 391â437(47)
3218:: Cross and Crescent: The Turkish Age in Hungary (1526â1699)
2479:
2477:
2149:) is to this day the northernmost site of Islamic conquest.
1546:
also included some parts of present-day Hungary. Pashas and
1431:
In the 1540s, the total of the four principal fortresses of
1319:, and was a symbol of the survival of Hungarian statehood.
4797:
2718:
1986:
1946:
1762:
1743:
1432:
1327:
1299:". The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom is the predecessor of the
1280:
300:
3287:
Cross and Crescent: The Turkish Age in Hungary (1526-1699)
3068:
Sokollu Mustafa Pasa'nin Budin'deki Camileri ve Mescitleri
3021:
2358:
2787:
2474:
2072:
The relative religious tolerance of the Ottomans enabled
1247:(1520â1566) attacked the Kingdom of Hungary and captured
1070:
was recaptured from the Ottomans, and in 1687, after the
156:
2903:. US Bureau of Intelligence and Research. Archived from
2584:
2522:
1680:
factual accuracy of the map included in this article is
1364:
Ottoman soldiers in the territory of present-day Hungary
1307:
in 1570 and the Eastern Hungarian King became the first
1240:(1516â1526), internal dissentions divided the nobility.
2664:
2527:
Changing Ethnic Patterns of the Carpatho-Pannonian Area
2516:
2204:
convert to the Catholic faith in the years 1686 -1713.
1913:
of the classical period, seen in the famous centres of
57:
Ottoman rule on Hungary at its peak in 1683, including
2471:
Ottoman Warfare 1500-1700, Rhoads Murphey, 1999, p.227
1518:, with the highest ranking Ottoman official being the
3291:
2921:
Historical World Atlas. With the commendation of the
2408:
2321:
2152:
Another famous monastery of its time was that of the
2015:
in Budin (Buda) was built by Ottoman chief architect
1959:) and 77 secondary and academic theological schools (
1777:(the territory between the Danube and Tisza rivers).
3127:
2654:]. Translated by KarĂĄcson, Imre. Budapest: MTA .
1630:). From 1591, and between 1593 and 1606, during the
1557:
2550:
1470:Ottoman soldiers besiege Ä°stolni Belgrad (probably
5316:States and territories disestablished in the 1690s
3242:Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary
3227:"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae"
1997:during his twelve years of governing (1566â1578).
1936:
1584:Turkish raiders carry captives tied to slave belts
1051:For most of its duration, Ottoman Hungary covered
291:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest
3136:The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology
2691:
1933:(steam baths) were built during the Ottoman age.
1576:Turkish soldier dragging slaves (Hans Guldenmund)
1478:Further information on Ottoman organization:
5247:
2639:
1404:in 1683, at the hands of the combined armies of
1098:, were reconquered by the Habsburgs during the
28:
4396:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire
3133:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2761:Ga Ìbor A Ìgoston, Bruce Alan Masters (2009).
2561:National Atlas of Hungary â Volume 3 â Society
1650:The decay of the southernmost counties of the
1243:Instigating war by feigned diplomatic insult,
4380:
3510:
3329:
3138:. Wayne State University Press. p. 153.
2947:
2289:- on the Ottoman defensive system in Hungary.
1514:(provinces), which were further divided into
1121:(provinces), which were further divided into
1001:
5296:1699 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
4407:
3344:Administrative regions and provinces of the
2814:
2287:Transformation of the Ottoman Empire#Hungary
3159:Gattermann, Claus Heinrich (26 July 2005).
2993:
2835:
2376:"The Impact of the Ottoman Rule on Hungary"
2311:(in Turkish). Istanbul: Kitabevi Yayınları.
1877:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1224:By the sixteenth century, the power of the
5311:States and territories established in 1541
5082:
4387:
4373:
3517:
3503:
3336:
3322:
3258:
3158:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2821:. New York City: Routledge. p. 1082.
2103:communities also flourished including the
1647:caused also similarly significant losses.
1008:
994:
51:
5291:1541 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
2943:
2941:
1897:Learn how and when to remove this message
1707:Learn how and when to remove this message
1129:, the territory was populated by largely
2927:Carthographia, Budapest, Hungary, 2005.
2886:
2671:. Social Science Monographs. p. 3.
2558:. In Kocsis, KĂĄroly; Ćri, PĂ©ter (eds.).
2437:"The Effects of Turkish Rule in Hungary"
2042:
2026:
1969:and of the most important prayers. The
1752:
1579:
1571:
1480:State organisation of the Ottoman Empire
1465:
1359:
1180:
1164:
1148:
1108:
5266:History of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
3239:
3074:Ahmet Yesevi Ăniversitesi. pp. 743-762.
2854:
2614:
2414:
5248:
3259:Fodor, PĂĄl; DĂĄvid, GĂ©za, eds. (2000).
3094:
3047:BEKTAĆI MONASTERIES IN OTTOMAN HUNGARY
3038:
2938:
2818:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2373:
5081:
4796:
4406:
4368:
3498:
3317:
3044:
3000:Hungary Between Two Empires 1526â1711
2952:. Michigan State University Libraries
2914:
2739:
2306:
1353:, Southern Slavs were also acting as
3524:
3053:. pp. 227â248 Vol. 61, No. 1/2.
2788:IM Kunt; Christine Woodhead (2014).
2719:Steve Fallon, Sally Schafer (2015).
2495:
1875:adding citations to reliable sources
1842:
1687:Relevant discussion may be found on
1664:
1638:, also between 1683 and 1699 during
1393:The defeat of Ottoman forces led by
1055:and almost the entire region of the
2767:. Infobase Publishing. p. 96.
2426:Inalcik Halil: "The Ottoman Empire"
2055:State and Religion (Ottoman Empire)
1270:claimed the Hungarian throne. King
13:
2645:
2164:of the zavije (monastery) was the
1813:parts of the Habsburg Empire. The
1526:. Later, new eyalets were formed:
1066:over the next 150 years. In 1686,
14:
5332:
3280:
2984:, Rhoads Murphey, 1999, p.173-174
2099:Besides Sunni Islam, a number of
1558:Ethnic changes under Ottoman rule
1461:
646:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen
5306:1699 disestablishments in Europe
5276:Territorial evolution of Hungary
3301:
3191:
3165:. UniversitÀtsverlag Göttingen.
2665:AndrĂĄs GerĆ, JĂĄnos PoĂłr (1997).
2253:
2238:
2226:
2214:
1847:
1792:The three parts of Hungary; the
1669:
1603:
1592:
1035:that were under the rule of the
977:
269:
5261:Early modern history of Hungary
3152:
3116:
3107:
3077:
2987:
2808:
2781:
2754:
2712:
2685:
2658:
2608:
2489:
2039:, now used as a Catholic church
1937:Muslim schools in Muslim cities
1303:, which was established by the
5145:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
3244:. Atlantisz Publishing House.
3216:Encyclopaedia Humana Hungarica
2850:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online
2465:
2447:
2429:
2420:
2393:
2325:The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718
2315:
2300:
2179:, a Turk and native of Peçuy.
1807:
1426:Kingdom of Hungary (1526â1867)
1369:guerrilla bands, known as the
1274:ruled central Hungary and the
1206:several crusades and campaigns
81:eyalets. The semi-independent
1:
5301:1541 establishments in Europe
4408:
3070:. In Bayram, B. et al. (ed).
3066:Yilmaz, Mehmet Emin. (2021).
3035:, Rhoads Murphey, 1999, p.254
2871:. Federal Research Division,
2794:. Routledge. pp. 87â88.
2745:Peter F. Sugar, PĂ©ter HanĂĄk,
2293:
2129:order. Situated close to the
1839:Culture of the Ottoman Empire
1612:Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1568:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
586:RĂĄkĂłczi's War of Independence
551:Principality of Upper Hungary
351:Hungarian invasions of Europe
91:Principality of Upper Hungary
5156:Principality of Transylvania
3585:Principality of Transylvania
2896:International Boundary Study
2698:. Basic Books. p. 206.
2486:, Rhoads Murphey, 1999, p.56
2196:when Habsburg take it back,
1985:) there were five medreses,
1689:Talk:History of Transylvania
1645:Principality of Transylvania
1447:(2,775) were 10,200 troops.
1340:Principality of Transylvania
1338:which after 1570 became the
1315:possessions belonged to the
1301:Principality of Transylvania
1159:Principality of Transylvania
596:Principality of Transylvania
521:Principality of Transylvania
83:Principality of Transylvania
16:Region of the Ottoman Empire
7:
3620:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary
2328:. Purdue University Press.
2307:Bilge, Sadik MĂŒfit (2010).
2265:
2022:
1925:, with the building of the
1640:Hungary's War of Liberation
801:Hungarian People's Republic
736:Governorate of Subcarpathia
676:Hungarian People's Republic
406:Personal union with Croatia
10:
5337:
3233:
2923:Royal Geographical Society
2692:Andrew Wheatcroft (2010).
2207:
2135:JahjapasazĂĄde Mehmed Pasha
2078:Reformed Church in Hungary
2052:
1989:had four. The most famous
1836:
1832:
1561:
1483:
1477:
1188:
1144:
1113:Hungary at the end of 16th
426:Mongol invasion of Hungary
178:Ottoman occupation of Buda
117:Reformed Church in Hungary
5256:Ottoman period in Hungary
5194:
5161:Principality of Wallachia
5095:
5091:
5077:
5043:
5022:
4982:
4920:
4831:
4815:
4811:
4792:
4743:
4722:
4672:
4561:
4470:
4427:
4423:
4402:
4326:
4163:
4082:Universities and colleges
4056:
4047:
3953:
3944:
3830:
3821:
3736:
3727:
3653:
3545:
3536:
3421:
3383:
3352:
3209:Federal Research Division
3182:– via Google Books.
3033:Ottoman Warfare 1500â1700
2982:Ottoman Warfare 1500â1700
2484:Ottoman Warfare 1500â1700
2403:, ABC-CLIO, 2003, p. 648
1336:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
1276:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
791:Second Hungarian Republic
686:Hungarian Soviet Republic
636:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
491:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
217:
213:
200:
187:
174:
170:
165:
143:
138:
126:
108:
98:
50:
45:
23:
5176:Principality of Bulgaria
5125:Principality of Moldavia
4061:Anti-Hungarian sentiment
3741:Administrative divisions
3240:Kontler, LĂĄszlĂł (1999).
3223:Baths in Ottoman Hungary
3005:Indiana University Press
2868:A Country Study: Hungary
2615:Csepeli, Gyorgy (1996).
2383:Hungarian Studies Review
2074:Protestantism in Hungary
1742:The economic decline of
1626:and the Hungarian noble
1245:Suleiman the Magnificent
1218:Suleiman the Magnificent
831:Third Hungarian Republic
5286:17th century in Hungary
5281:16th century in Hungary
5166:Principality of Romania
3969:Hungarian National Bank
3600:Austro-Hungarian Empire
3134:Patai, Raphael (1996).
3083:Papp, Adrienn. (2011).
2553:"History of Population"
2177:Peçevi Arifi Ahmed Dede
1775:DanubeâTisza Interfluve
1564:Demographics of Hungary
1072:Second Battle of MohĂĄcs
880:History of Transylvania
386:Principality of Hungary
5171:Principality of Serbia
4125:International rankings
4000:Science and technology
3880:Chief of General Staff
3575:OttomanâHungarian wars
3434:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3045:SudĂĄr, BalĂĄzs (2008).
2722:Lonely Planet Budapest
2334:10.2307/j.ctt6wq7kw.12
2133:camp, it was built by
2070:
2050:
2040:
1796:, Ottoman Hungary and
1769:
1740:
1585:
1577:
1475:
1402:Second Siege of Vienna
1365:
1309:Prince of Transylvania
1295:, giving it the name "
1210:Ottoman wars in Europe
1195:OttomanâHungarian wars
1191:Ottoman wars in Europe
1186:
1178:
1162:
1161:, and Ottoman eyalets.
1114:
1028:
29:
5227:Principality of Samos
3570:Late Medieval Kingdom
3565:High Medieval Kingdom
2815:Carl Skutsch (2013).
2502:. BRILL. p. 41.
2496:Keul, IstvĂĄn (2009).
2374:PĂĄlffy, GĂ©za (2001).
2282:OttomanâHabsburg wars
2141:(governor) of Budin.
2065:
2053:Further information:
2046:
2033:mosque of Pasha Qasim
2030:
2013:Sokollu Mustafa Pasha
1995:Sokollu Mustafa Pasha
1815:OttomanâHabsburg wars
1756:
1721:
1583:
1575:
1469:
1363:
1317:Holy Crown of Hungary
1236:. Under the reign of
1199:OttomanâHabsburg wars
1184:
1168:
1152:
1112:
1104:Treaty of Passarowitz
1064:OttomanâHabsburg wars
1057:Great Hungarian Plain
1053:Southern Transdanubia
905:Transylvanian Princes
756:Revisions of Délvidék
541:Wesselényi conspiracy
321:Kingdom of the Gepids
99:Common languages
5186:Septinsular Republic
4445:Muhammad Ali dynasty
4314:World Heritage Sites
4186:Palaces and mansions
3550:Hungarian prehistory
3102:Thomas Walker Arnold
2260:Slave woman musician
1911:Ottoman architecture
1871:improve this section
1232:was weakened by the
606:Hungarian Reform Era
286:Hungarian prehistory
2948:Steven W. Sowards.
2873:Library of Congress
2461:. 20 December 2011.
2173:Jakovali Hasan PaĆĄa
2171:. The monastery of
2085:present-day Hungary
1530:, Zigetvar Eyalet,
1418:Treaty of Karlowitz
1260:Louis II of Hungary
1234:peasants' uprisings
1214:Matthias of Hungary
1084:Treaty of Karlowitz
1045:Treaty of Karlowitz
746:Second Vienna Award
331:Ostrogothic Kingdom
204:Treaty of Karlowitz
5207:Khedivate of Egypt
5181:Kingdom of Imereti
5135:Republic of Ragusa
5130:Sharifate of Mecca
4264:Hungarian language
4115:Hungarian diaspora
4015:Telecommunications
3640:Revolution of 1956
3595:Revolution of 1848
2051:
2041:
1770:
1660:Kingdom of Hungary
1652:Kingdom of Hungary
1636:Austro-Turkish War
1586:
1578:
1476:
1420:, which ended the
1398:Kara Mustafa Pasha
1366:
1238:Louis II Jagiellon
1230:Kingdom of Hungary
1187:
1179:
1163:
1115:
1100:Austro-Turkish War
1041:occupation of Buda
1033:Kingdom of Hungary
984:Hungary portal
885:Hungarian language
875:History of Hungary
811:Revolution of 1956
726:First Vienna Award
716:Kingdom of Hungary
696:Hungarian Republic
616:Revolution of 1848
561:Kingdom of Hungary
436:Kingdom of Hungary
396:Kingdom of Hungary
361:Hungarian conquest
5243:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5140:Serbian Despotate
5103:Cossack Hetmanate
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4362:
4361:
4322:
4321:
4105:Human trafficking
4043:
4042:
3940:
3939:
3904:Political parties
3850:Foreign relations
3817:
3816:
3723:
3722:
3635:People's Republic
3615:Treaty of Trianon
3492:
3491:
2933:978-963-352-002-4
2725:. Lonely Planet.
2601:978-963-9545-48-9
2571:978-963-9545-64-9
2537:978-963-9545-48-9
2459:muslimmatters.org
2441:Hungarian History
2343:978-1-61249-179-0
1907:
1906:
1899:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1422:Great Turkish War
1414:John III Sobieski
1410:Holy Roman Empire
1272:John I of Hungary
1266:and the Austrian
1080:Great Turkish War
1018:
1017:
849:
848:
821:Goulash Communism
774:
773:
706:Treaty of Trianon
569:
568:
454:
453:
369:
368:
243:
242:
191:Recapture of Buda
113:Roman Catholicism
5328:
5271:Islam in Hungary
5212:Kurdish emirates
5120:Khanate of Kazan
5093:
5092:
5079:
5078:
4813:
4812:
4794:
4793:
4425:
4424:
4413:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4342:
4335:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4188:
4181:
4084:
4054:
4053:
3991:
3971:
3951:
3950:
3930:
3916:
3828:
3827:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3751:Cities and towns
3734:
3733:
3580:Habsburg Kingdom
3543:
3542:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3276:
3255:
3212:
3195:
3194:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3131:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3098:
3092:
3081:
3075:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3019:
3018:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2945:
2936:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2910:on 3 March 2009.
2909:
2902:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2863:
2852:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2758:
2752:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2646:Ăelebi, Evliya.
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2623:. Archived from
2612:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2557:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2399:Melvin E. Page,
2397:
2391:
2390:
2385:(in Hungarian).
2380:
2371:
2356:
2355:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2272:Islam in Hungary
2257:
2242:
2230:
2218:
1975:natural sciences
1902:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1851:
1843:
1794:Habsburg Hungary
1782:modern estimates
1738:
1712:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1632:Long Turkish War
1607:
1596:
1313:John Sigismund's
1305:Treaty of Speyer
1293:Kings of Hungary
1256:Battle of MohĂĄcs
1010:
1003:
996:
982:
981:
980:
787:
786:
582:
581:
531:Bocskai uprising
467:
466:
382:
381:
317:
316:
273:
263:
245:
244:
55:
40:
32:
21:
20:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5231:
5222:Eastern Rumelia
5190:
5151:Duchy of Syrmia
5115:Crimean Khanate
5108:Ottoman Ukraine
5087:
5065:
5039:
5018:
4978:
4916:
4896:Mamuret-ul-Aziz
4827:
4807:
4780:
4739:
4718:
4668:
4557:
4466:
4419:
4411:
4398:
4393:
4363:
4358:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4318:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4184:
4177:
4159:
4145:Public holidays
4080:
4039:
3989:
3967:
3936:
3928:
3914:
3870:Law enforcement
3813:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3719:
3649:
3630:Second Republic
3532:
3523:
3493:
3488:
3474:North Macedonia
3417:
3379:
3348:
3342:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3292:
3283:
3273:
3252:
3236:
3204:Country Studies
3201:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3099:
3095:
3082:
3078:
3072:Bildiri Kitabi.
3065:
3058:
3051:Akadémiai Kiadó
3043:
3039:
3031:
3022:
3015:
3007:. p. 222.
2992:
2988:
2980:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2855:
2847:
2836:
2829:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2759:
2755:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2663:
2659:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2621:Social Research
2613:
2609:
2602:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2494:
2490:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2398:
2394:
2378:
2372:
2359:
2344:
2320:
2316:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2231:
2222:
2219:
2210:
2200:and some other
2143:Gul Baba's tomb
2068:Christianity...
2057:
2048:Minaret of Eger
2025:
1939:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1868:
1852:
1841:
1835:
1810:
1739:
1730:
1713:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1624:Habsburg family
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1570:
1560:
1528:TemeĆvar Eyalet
1508:
1502:TemeĆvar Eyalet
1494:Zigetvar Eyalet
1482:
1464:
1456:Eyalet of Budin
1324:Siege of Vienna
1268:Habsburg family
1223:
1203:
1201:
1147:
1088:TemeĆvar Eyalet
1076:Hungarian crown
1043:in 1541 to the
1029:Török hódoltsåg
1021:Ottoman Hungary
1014:
978:
976:
971:
970:
969:
900:Hungarian Kings
859:
851:
850:
835:1989–2012
825:1956–1989
805:1949–1989
795:1946–1949
784:
776:
775:
770:1941–1945
740:1939–1945
720:1920–1946
700:1919–1920
680:1918–1919
670:1918–1941
666:Interwar period
660:1914–1918
650:1867–1918
640:1867–1918
626:Hungarian State
620:1848–1849
610:1825–1848
600:1711–1867
590:1703–1711
579:
571:
570:
565:1699–1867
555:1682–1685
545:1664–1671
535:1604–1606
525:1570–1711
515:1541–1699
511:Ottoman Hungary
505:1526–1699
495:1526–1570
485:1526–1699
464:
456:
455:
450:1366–1526
440:1301–1526
430:1241–1242
410:1102–1918
400:1000–1301
379:
371:
370:
314:
306:
305:
281:
261:
254:
206:
193:
180:
119:
115:
94:
41:
34:
30:Török hódoltsåg
26:
25:Ottoman Hungary
17:
12:
11:
5:
5334:
5324:
5323:
5321:Ottoman Empire
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5217:Mamluk of Iraq
5214:
5209:
5204:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5099:
5097:
5089:
5088:
5086:and autonomies
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4939:Constantinople
4936:
4931:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4865:Constantinople
4862:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4809:
4808:
4804:mutasarrıfates
4790:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4755:Mamluk of Iraq
4747:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4421:
4420:
4400:
4399:
4392:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4369:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4005:Stock exchange
4002:
3997:
3992:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3923:Prime Minister
3920:
3919:
3918:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3804:National parks
3801:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3768:
3763:
3761:Extreme points
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3645:Third Republic
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:First Republic
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3406:Southern Syria
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3346:Ottoman Empire
3341:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3318:
3311:
3310:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3281:External links
3279:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3256:
3250:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3221:BalĂĄzs SudĂĄr:
3219:
3213:
3186:
3185:
3171:
3151:
3144:
3126:
3115:
3106:
3093:
3076:
3056:
3037:
3020:
3014:978-0253054678
3013:
2986:
2963:
2937:
2913:
2885:
2853:
2834:
2827:
2807:
2800:
2780:
2773:
2753:
2738:
2731:
2711:
2704:
2684:
2677:
2657:
2638:
2627:on 14 May 2011
2607:
2600:
2577:
2570:
2543:
2536:
2515:
2509:978-9004176522
2508:
2488:
2473:
2464:
2446:
2428:
2419:
2417:, p. 145.
2407:
2392:
2357:
2342:
2314:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2061:Ottoman Sultan
2024:
2021:
1951:Székesfehérvår
1938:
1935:
1915:Constantinople
1905:
1904:
1887:September 2015
1855:
1853:
1846:
1834:
1831:
1809:
1806:
1728:
1715:
1714:
1677:
1675:
1668:
1628:ZĂĄpolya family
1609:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1559:
1556:
1472:Székesfehérvår
1463:
1462:Administration
1460:
1441:Székesfehérvår
1264:ZĂĄpolya family
1226:Ottoman Empire
1146:
1143:
1037:Ottoman Empire
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1005:
998:
990:
987:
986:
973:
972:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
847:
846:
843:
837:
836:
833:
827:
826:
823:
817:
816:
813:
807:
806:
803:
797:
796:
793:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
772:
771:
768:
762:
761:
758:
752:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
728:
722:
721:
718:
712:
711:
708:
702:
701:
698:
692:
691:
688:
682:
681:
678:
672:
671:
668:
662:
661:
658:
652:
651:
648:
642:
641:
638:
632:
631:
628:
622:
621:
618:
612:
611:
608:
602:
601:
598:
592:
591:
588:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
567:
566:
563:
557:
556:
553:
547:
546:
543:
537:
536:
533:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
507:
506:
503:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
483:
477:
476:
473:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
452:
451:
448:
442:
441:
438:
432:
431:
428:
422:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
402:
401:
398:
392:
391:
390:895–1000
388:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
367:
366:
363:
357:
356:
355:~800–970
353:
347:
346:
343:
341:Avar Khaganate
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
323:
315:
313:Early medieval
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
298:
296:Roman Pannonia
293:
288:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
266:
265:
256:
255:
248:
241:
240:
219:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
201:
198:
197:
194:
188:
185:
184:
181:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
163:
162:
159:
141:
140:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
56:
48:
47:
43:
42:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5333:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5076:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5001:
5000:Mount Lebanon
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4791:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4707:Mount Lebanon
4705:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
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3590:RĂĄkĂłczi's War
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3257:
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3251:963-9165-37-9
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3199:
3198:public domain
3190:
3189:
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3172:9783938616321
3168:
3164:
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3141:
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2199:
2195:
2194:Siege of PĂ©cs
2191:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:Ć ejh Ali Dede
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:. The famous
2120:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2089:Crimean Tatar
2086:
2081:
2079:
2076:(such as the
2075:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1949:, another in
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:Turkish baths
1920:
1916:
1912:
1901:
1898:
1890:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1856:This section
1854:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:According to
1778:
1776:
1768:
1767:siege in 1686
1765:after a long
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748:Royal Hungary
1745:
1737:
1733:
1732:Evliya Ăelebi
1727:
1726:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1700:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:the medieval
1655:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1613:
1606:
1595:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1552:Sublime Porte
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:Kanije Eyalet
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:Kanije Eyalet
1495:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1474:) in Hungary.
1473:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1448:
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1381:
1377:
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1362:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:Royal Hungary
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:Royal Hungary
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:Siege of Buda
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
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1241:
1239:
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1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1171:Royal Hungary
1167:
1160:
1156:
1155:Royal Hungary
1151:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:Protestantism
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
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918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
890:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
855:
854:
844:
842:
839:
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834:
832:
829:
828:
824:
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538:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
522:
519:
518:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
502:
501:Royal Hungary
499:
498:
494:
492:
489:
488:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
472:
469:
468:
460:
459:
449:
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443:
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437:
434:
433:
429:
427:
424:
423:
419:
417:
414:
413:
409:
407:
404:
403:
399:
397:
394:
393:
389:
387:
384:
383:
375:
374:
365:862–895
364:
362:
359:
358:
354:
352:
349:
348:
345:567–822
344:
342:
339:
338:
335:469–553
334:
332:
329:
328:
325:454–567
324:
322:
319:
318:
310:
309:
302:
301:Hunnic Empire
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
280:Early history
277:
276:
272:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
252:
247:
246:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:
218:Today part of
216:
212:
208:
205:
199:
195:
192:
186:
182:
179:
173:
169:
164:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
134:
131:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
54:
49:
44:
38:
31:
22:
19:
5202:Cretan State
4881:HĂŒdavendigĂąr
4823:Tripolitania
4518:HĂŒdavendigĂąr
4457:Tripolitania
4173:Architecture
4140:Prostitution
4071:Demographics
4035:Unemployment
4025:Trade unions
3860:Intelligence
3855:Human rights
3840:Constitution
3715:Coat of arms
3673:List of wars
3658:Christianity
3625:World War II
3560:Principality
3458:
3370:Tripolitania
3261:
3241:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3203:
3176:. Retrieved
3161:
3154:
3135:
3129:
3118:
3109:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3046:
3040:
3032:
2999:
2989:
2981:
2954:. Retrieved
2920:
2916:
2905:the original
2895:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2867:
2817:
2810:
2790:
2783:
2763:
2756:
2741:
2721:
2714:
2694:
2687:
2667:
2660:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2620:
2610:
2587:
2580:
2560:
2546:
2526:
2518:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2415:Kontler 1999
2410:
2400:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2188:
2181:
2153:
2151:
2138:
2137:, the third
2126:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2082:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1978:
1970:
1960:
1954:
1940:
1930:
1908:
1893:
1884:
1869:Please help
1857:
1828:
1824:
1811:
1802:
1798:Transylvania
1791:
1779:
1771:
1741:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1703:
1694:
1679:
1656:
1649:
1620:
1540:Varat Eyalet
1524:Budin Eyalet
1509:
1506:Varat Eyalet
1486:Budin Eyalet
1453:
1449:
1443:(2,978) and
1430:
1395:Grand Vizier
1392:
1367:
1351:Balkan Slavs
1321:
1288:
1253:
1242:
1222:
1202:
1175:Imre Thököly
1116:
1061:
1048:
1020:
1019:
940:Coat of arms
925:Christianity
920:List of Wars
783:Contemporary
766:World War II
510:
481:Ottoman Wars
463:Early modern
446:Ottoman Wars
87:Imre Thököly
18:
5147:(1672â1676)
5044:Mesopotamia
4855:Archipelago
4798:1867â1922 (
4744:Mesopotamia
4599:Herzegovina
4574:Archipelago
4412: 1365
4289:Spa culture
4120:Irredentism
3958:Agriculture
3887:Nationality
3605:World War I
2995:GĂ©za PĂĄlffy
2747:Tibor Frank
2352:j.ctt6wq7kw
2233:Coffee shop
2198:Muslim Roma
2190:Muslim Roma
2131:janissaries
2017:Mimar Sinan
1927:Rudas Baths
1822:rebellion.
1808:Immigration
1759:Holy League
1736:SeyahatnĂąme
1548:Sanjak-Beys
1536:EÄri Eyalet
1490:EÄri Eyalet
1380:Czech lands
1049:Macaristan.
656:World War I
578:Late modern
471:Reformation
416:Golden Bull
260:History of
5250:Categories
5195:Autonomies
4928:Adrianople
4871:Diyarbekir
4867:(Istanbul)
4569:Adrianople
4503:Diyarbekir
4304:Television
4269:Literature
4259:Inventions
4110:Hungarians
4100:Healthcare
3990:(currency)
3892:Parliament
3693:Holy Crown
3469:Montenegro
3272:9004119078
3145:0814325610
2294:References
2139:begler bey
2115:, and the
1837:See also:
1562:See also:
1484:See also:
1251:in 1521.
1189:See also:
945:Literature
895:Holy Crown
865:Hungarians
845:since 2012
139:Government
128:Demonym(s)
5012:Jerusalem
4908:(Trabzon)
4906:Trebizond
4886:Kastamonu
4776:Shahrizor
4695:Jerusalem
4548:Trebizond
4538:Kurdistan
4533:Kastamonu
4249:Festivals
4130:Languages
4076:Education
4030:Transport
3977:Companies
3909:President
3845:Elections
3799:Mountains
3771:Hydrology
3729:Geography
3265:. BRILL.
2277:Magyarabs
2184:Calvinist
2158:SzigetvĂĄr
2106:bektashis
1858:does not
1697:June 2024
1445:Esztergom
1439:(1,481),
1435:(2,965),
1258:and King
1106:in 1718.
1025:Hungarian
145:Beylerbey
133:Hungarian
109:Religion
103:Hungarian
46:1541â1699
37:Hungarian
4969:Salonica
4964:Manastir
4930:(Edirne)
4851:(Ankara)
4832:Anatolia
4800:vilayets
4690:Damascus
4644:TemeĆvar
4639:Silistra
4634:Salonica
4508:Dulkadir
4488:Anatolia
4471:Anatolia
4414:â 1867 (
4349:Category
4254:Folklore
4231:Sausages
4150:Religion
4010:Taxation
3995:Industry
3875:Military
3823:Politics
3746:Counties
3705:Nobility
3688:Monarchs
3668:Military
3663:Economic
3555:Pannonia
3530:articles
3439:Bulgaria
2997:(2021).
2266:See also
2123:GĂŒl Baba
2118:mevlevis
2112:halvetis
2023:Religion
1979:medreses
1971:medreses
1943:Bektashi
1729:â
1682:disputed
1408:and the
1344:Orthodox
1249:Belgrade
1131:Orthodox
1096:Belgrade
965:Budapest
955:Székelys
915:Military
910:Nobility
870:Timeline
378:Medieval
251:a series
249:Part of
234:Slovakia
71:Temesvar
5096:Vassals
5084:Vassals
5051:Baghdad
4974:Scutari
4876:Erzurum
4751:Baghdad
4714:Tripoli
4629:Rumelia
4624:Podolia
4523:Karaman
4513:Erzurum
4498:Childir
4435:Algiers
4416:eyalets
4333:Outline
4309:Theatre
4299:Symbols
4244:Fashion
4204:Cuisine
4179:Castles
4165:Culture
4049:Society
4020:Tourism
3987:Forint
3946:Economy
3897:Speaker
3835:Cabinet
3809:Regions
3777:Islands
3766:Geology
3756:Climate
3538:History
3526:Hungary
3484:Ukraine
3459:Hungary
3444:Croatia
3429:Albania
3411:Lebanon
3375:Tunisia
3360:Algeria
3308:Hungary
3234:Sources
3178:26 July
2878:6 March
2208:Gallery
2202:Muslims
2166:Bosnian
2154:halveti
2127:bektasi
2101:dervish
2093:mosques
2002:mosques
2000:In the
1991:medrese
1977:. Most
1962:medrese
1931:hammams
1879:removed
1864:sources
1833:Culture
1820:Bocskay
1786:Ottoman
1544:Romania
1516:Sanjaks
1512:Eyalets
1400:at the
1384:Austria
1376:Germany
1355:akıncıs
1145:History
1139:Partium
1123:Sanjaks
1119:Eyalets
930:Economy
841:Hungary
262:Hungary
238:Romania
226:Croatia
222:Hungary
202:âą
189:âą
176:âą
166:History
5023:Arabia
4995:Beirut
4990:Aleppo
4983:Levant
4959:Kosovo
4954:Janina
4949:Danube
4934:Bosnia
4921:Europe
4860:Bitlis
4849:Angora
4816:Africa
4723:Arabia
4685:Cyprus
4680:Aleppo
4673:Levant
4664:Yanina
4659:Widdin
4604:Kanije
4579:Bosnia
4562:Europe
4493:Ankara
4452:Habesh
4428:Africa
4354:Portal
4224:Dishes
4199:Cinema
4095:Health
3982:Energy
3791:Rivers
3698:Regent
3528:
3479:Serbia
3464:Kosovo
3454:Greece
3449:Cyprus
3422:Europe
3391:Arabia
3353:Africa
3294:Portal
3269:
3248:
3200:.
3169:
3142:
3011:
2956:11 May
2931:
2825:
2798:
2771:
2729:
2702:
2675:
2631:5 June
2598:
2568:
2534:
2506:
2350:
2340:
2109:, the
1956:mekteb
1919:Edirne
1538:, and
1504:, and
1412:under
1406:Poland
1388:Poland
1374:south
1348:Muslim
1197:, and
1092:Syrmia
858:Topics
253:on the
230:Serbia
161:
77:, and
67:Kanije
33:
5061:Basra
5056:Mosul
5035:Yemen
5030:Hejaz
5007:Syria
4944:Crete
4901:Sivas
4891:Konya
4844:Aidin
4839:Adana
4771:Rakka
4766:Basra
4761:Mosul
4735:Lahsa
4730:Yemen
4702:Sidon
4654:Varat
4649:Uyvar
4614:Morea
4589:Crete
4584:Budin
4483:Aidin
4478:Adana
4462:Tunis
4440:Egypt
4340:Index
4294:Sport
4284:Names
4279:Music
4274:Media
4239:Dance
4155:Women
4066:Crime
3963:Banks
3784:Lakes
3401:Syria
3365:Egypt
2908:(PDF)
2901:(PDF)
2650:[
2592:(PDF)
2556:(PDF)
2379:(PDF)
2348:JSTOR
2246:Köçek
2162:prior
2147:tĂŒrbe
2009:tĂŒrbe
1967:Koran
1761:took
1520:Pasha
1371:HajdĂș
1127:Islam
950:Music
149:Pasha
121:Islam
79:Varat
75:Uyvar
59:Budin
4802:and
4609:Kefe
4594:Egir
4528:Kars
4217:Beer
4210:Wine
4135:LGBT
3929:list
3915:list
3710:Flag
3683:King
3396:Iraq
3384:Asia
3267:ISBN
3246:ISBN
3180:2022
3167:ISBN
3140:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2958:2009
2929:ISBN
2880:2009
2823:ISBN
2796:ISBN
2769:ISBN
2727:ISBN
2700:ISBN
2673:ISBN
2633:2011
2596:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2532:ISBN
2504:ISBN
2338:ISBN
2037:PĂ©cs
2031:The
1987:EÄri
1983:PĂ©cs
1947:EÄri
1917:and
1862:any
1860:cite
1763:Buda
1757:The
1744:Buda
1678:The
1566:and
1437:Pest
1433:Buda
1386:and
1346:and
1328:Buda
1281:Buda
1220:.
1094:and
1068:Buda
960:Jews
935:Flag
815:1956
760:1941
750:1940
730:1938
710:1920
690:1919
630:1849
475:1520
420:1222
209:1699
196:1686
183:1541
153:Agha
63:Egri
4912:Van
4619:NiĆĄ
4553:Van
4543:Rum
4194:Art
3865:Law
3225:in
2330:doi
2035:in
2011:of
1873:by
1428:).
1173:),
1157:),
157:Dey
89:'s
5252::
4409:c.
3207:.
3059:^
3049:.
3023:^
3003:.
2966:^
2940:^
2935:CM
2856:^
2837:^
2619:.
2476:^
2457:.
2439:.
2387:28
2381:.
2360:^
2346:.
2336:.
2186:.
1734::
1534:,
1500:,
1496:,
1492:,
1488:,
1458:.
1390:.
1382:,
1193:,
1090:,
1059:.
1027::
236:,
232:,
228:,
224:,
155:,
151:,
147:,
73:,
69:,
65:,
61:,
4806:)
4757:)
4753:(
4418:)
4388:e
4381:t
4374:v
3518:e
3511:t
3504:v
3337:e
3330:t
3323:v
3296::
3275:.
3254:.
3211:.
3148:.
3017:.
2960:.
2925:.
2894:"
2882:.
2831:.
2804:.
2777:.
2735:.
2708:.
2681:.
2635:.
2604:.
2574:.
2540:.
2512:.
2443:.
2354:.
2332::
2145:(
1900:)
1894:(
1889:)
1885:(
1881:.
1867:.
1710:)
1704:(
1699:)
1695:(
1685:.
1289:.
1023:(
1009:e
1002:t
995:v
39:)
35:(
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