1492:, with 30-cm artery clamps the ideal tool. When holding the pike from below on the lower jaw, it will open its mouth. It should be kept out of the water for the minimum amount of time possible, and should be given extra time to recover if being weighed and photographed before release. It's also recommended that anglers use an unhooking mat to prevent it from harm. If practicing live release, calling the fish "caught" when it is alongside a boat is recommended. Remove the hook by grabbing it with needle-nosed pliers while the fish is still submerged and giving it a flip in the direction that turns the hook out of the mouth. This avoids damage to the fish and the stress of being out of water.
1235:
1008:, pike undergo bursts of energy instead of actively chasing down prey. As such, a fair amount of inactive time occurs until they find prey. Hunting efficiency decreases with competition; the larger the pike, the larger the area controlled by that particular pike. An inverse relation to vegetation density and pike size exists, which is due to the possibility of cannibalism from the largest pike. This makes sense, as the smaller pike need more vegetation to avoid being eaten. Large pike do not have this worry and can afford the advantage of a large line of sight. They prefer a tree structure habitat.
1301:
1023:
positions. They flash out in such bursts and capture their prey. These fast starts terminate when the pike has reached maximum velocity. During such motions, pike make "S" conformations while swimming at high rates. To decelerate, they, simply make a "C" conformation, exponentially slowing down their speed so that they can "stop". An interesting behavioural trait that pike have is that they have short digestion times and long feeding periods. They can undergo many of these fast bursts to collect as much prey as they can. Pike are least active during the night.
327:
1253:
communities where pike is popular fare, the ability of a filleter to effectively remove the bones from the fillets while minimizing the amount of flesh lost in the process (known as "de-boning") is a highly valued skill. There are methods for filleting pike and leaving the "y-bones" in the fish's body; this does leave some flesh on the fish but avoids the sometimes difficult process of "de-boning". Larger fish are more easily filleted (and much easier to de-bone), while smaller ones are often processed as
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203:
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Parental stock is vital for pike success. Egg survival has been shown to be positively correlated with number of eggs laid. For breeding, the more stable the water, the greater the fitness of the pike. Mortality results from toxic concentrations of iron or rapid temperature changes, and adult abundance and the strength of the resulting year classes are not related. It is based upon two points of development: one during embryo stage between fertilization and closure of the
700:; they lie in wait for prey, holding perfectly still for long periods, and then exhibit remarkable acceleration as they strike. They inhabit any water body that contains fish, but suitable places for spawning are also essential. Because of their cannibalistic nature, young pike need places where they can take shelter between plants so they are not eaten. In both cases, rich submerged vegetation is needed. Pike are seldom found in brackish water, except for the
718:
178:
151:
43:
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species to regain their condition after spawning. Smaller jack pike often remain in the shallows for their own protection, and for the small fish food available there. For the hot summer and during inactive phases, the larger female pike tend to retire to deeper water and/or places with better cover.
1291:
Notably in
Britain and Ireland, pike are greatly admired as a sporting fish and they are returned alive to the water to safeguard future sport and maintain the balance of a fishery. The Pike Anglers Club has campaigned to preserve pike since 1977, arguing that the removal of pike from waters can lead
1206:
to their deeper winter quarters. Sometimes, divers observe groups of similar-sized pike that cooperate some to start hunting at the same time, so "wolfpack" theories are given. Large pike can be caught on dead immobile fish, so these pike are thought to move about in a rather large territory to find
1069:
The colour of the sticky eggs is yellow to orange; the diameter is 2.5 to 3 mm (0.098 to 0.118 in). The embryos are 7.5 to 10 mm (0.30 to 0.39 in) in length and able to swim after hatching, but stay on the bottom for some time. The embryonic stage is five to 16 days, dependent on
1252:
release pike they have caught because the flesh is considered bony, especially due to the substantial (epipleural) "Y-bones". The white and mild-tasting flesh of pikes nonetheless has a long and distinguished history in cuisine and is popular fare in Europe and parts of North
America. Among fishing
1040:
rhythm changes significantly over the year. On sunny days, pike stay closer to the shallow shore. On windy days, they are further from shore. When close to the shore, pike have a preference for shallow, vegetated areas. Pike are more stationary in reservoirs than lakes. A possibility is that lakes
999:
Because of cannibalism when food is short, pike suffer a fairly high young mortality rate. Cannibalism is more prevalent in cool summers, as the upcoming pike have slow growth rates in that season and might not be able to reach a size to deter the larger pike. Cannibalism is likely to arise in low
551:
that occurs in scattered populations. Silver pike, sometimes called silver muskellunge, lack the rows of spots and appear silver, white, or silvery-blue in color. When ill, silver pike have been known to display a somewhat purplish hue; long illness is also the most common cause of male sterility.
672:= 7.089 enables one to put length in meters and weight in kilograms). The relationship described in this section suggests a 50-centimetre (20 in) northern pike will weigh about 0.9 kg (2 lb), while a 65-centimetre (26 in) northern pike will weigh about 1.8 kg (4 lb).
1127:
to propel itself. The fish has a distinctive habit of catching its prey sideways in the mouth, immobilising it with its sharp, backward-pointing teeth, and then turning the prey headfirst to swallow it. For larger prey, the pike will usually attempt to drown the prey before carrying it off to be
1561:
When fishing in shallow water for smaller pike, lighter and smaller lures are frequently used. The humble 'woolly bugger' fly is a favourite lure among keen fly fisherman of the southern hemisphere. Fly fishing for pike is an established aspect of the sport and there are now numerous dedicated
1057:
enlarge when it is time to shed her eggs. However, after they are shed, these eggs will not hatch if the water is below 6 °C (43 °F). Male pike arrive at the breeding grounds before females do, preceding them by a few weeks. In addition, the males stay after the spawning is finished.
987:
develops, starting around five weeks in a small percentage of populations. This cannibalism occurs when the ratio of predator to prey is two to one. One can expect this because when food is scarce, Northern pike fight for survival, such as turning on smaller pike to feed; this is seen in other
434:
currently recognises a 25 kg (55 lb) pike caught by Lothar Louis on
Greffern Lake, Germany, on 16 October 1986, as the all-tackle world-record holding northern pike Northern pike grow to larger sizes in Eurasia than in North America, and in coastal Eurasian regions than inland ones.
1022:
Pike are capable of "fast start" movements, which are sudden high-energy bursts of unsteady swimming. Many other fish exhibit this movement as well. Most fish use this mechanism to avoid life-threatening situations. For the pike, however, it is a tool used to capture prey from their sedentary
507:
is marked with short, light bar-like spots and a few to many dark spots on the fins. Sometimes, the fins are reddish. Younger pike have yellow stripes along a green body; later, the stripes divide into light spots and the body turns from green to olive green. The lower half of the
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in spring when the water temperature first reaches about 9 °C (48 °F). They have a tendency to lay a large number of eggs. A likely explanation for such actions is to produce as many surviving offspring as possible, as many most likely die early in life. In females, the
547:, depending on the sex of each of the contributing species). In the hybrids, the males are invariably sterile, while females are often fertile, and may back-cross with the parent species. Another form of northern pike, the silver pike, is not a subspecies but rather a
1207:
food. Large pike are also known to cruise large water bodies at a few metres deep, probably pursuing schools of prey fish. Smaller pike are more of ambush predators, probably because of their vulnerability to cannibalism. Pike are often found near the exit of
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with mirror finishes are very effective when the sun is at a sharp angle to the water in the mornings or evenings because they generate the vibrations previously discussed and cause a glint of reflective sunlight that mimics the flash of white-bellied prey.
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Aggression also arises from a need for space. Young pike tend to have their food stolen by larger pike. Pike are aggressive if not given enough space because they are territorial. They use a form of foraging known as ambush foraging. Unlike species such as
1035:
behaviour; they inhabit certain areas by nature. During the summer, they tend to group closer to vegetation than during the winter. The exact reason is not clear, but likely is a result of foraging or possibly reproductive needs to safeguard young. Pike
1476:
for pike is another eligible way of catching these fish, and the float tube is now recognized as an especially suitable water craft for pike fly-fishing. Also they have been caught this way by using patterns that imitate small fry or invertebrates.
704:
area, here they can be found spending time both in the mouths of rivers and in the open brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. It is normal for pike to return to fresh water after a period in these brackish waters. They seem to prefer water with less
1526:, but also below a float carried by the wind. This method is often used in wintertime and best done in lakes near schools of preyfish or at the deeper parts of shallow water bodies, where pike and preyfish tend to gather in great numbers.
471:), jackfish, jack, slough shark, snake, slimer, slough snake, gator (due to a head similar in shape to that of an alligator), hammer handle, and other such names as "long head" or "pointy nose". Numerous other names can be found in
429:
Pike can grow to a relatively large size. Their average length is about 40–55 cm (16–22 in), with maximum recorded lengths of up to 150 cm (59 in) and maximum weights of 28.4 kg (63 lb). The
934:. They are also stocked in, or have been introduced to, some western lakes and reservoirs for sport fishing, although some fisheries managers believe this practice often threatens other species of fish such as
1487:
Since they have very sharp and numerous teeth, care is required in unhooking a pike. Barbless trebles are recommended when angling for this species, as they simplify unhooking. This is undertaken using long
1743:
Rypel, A.L. 2012. Meta-analysis of growth rates for a circumpolar fish, the northern pike (Esox lucius), with emphasis on effects of continent, climate and latitude. Ecology of
Freshwater Fish 21: 521-532.
1284:, but have been illegally introduced to south-central Alaska by game fishermen. In south-central Alaska, no limit is imposed in most areas. Pike are seen as a threat to native wild stocks of
1041:
have more prey to feed upon, or possibly in reservoirs prey will ultimately cross paths with the pike. As such, this could be a form of energy conservation. Pike breed in the spring.
1484:), but they can easily be damaged when handled. Handling those fish with dry hands can easily damage their mucus-covered skin and possibly lead to their deaths from infections.
1272:
Because of their prolific and predatory nature, laws have been enacted in some places to help stop the spread of northern pike outside of their native range. For instance, in
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1839:
Lucentini, Livia; Puletti, Maria Elena; Ricciolini, Claudia; Gigliarelli, Lilia; Fontaneto, Diego; Lanfaloni, Luisa; Bilò, Fabiana; Natali, Mauro; Panara, Fausto (2011).
1445:
Pike angling is becoming an increasingly popular pastime in Europe. Effective methods for catching include dead baits, lure fishing, and jerk baiting. They are prized as
1175:, as well as an incident in 2015 where an attack by a large pike between three and four feet long was implicated as a possible cause for the injury and death of an adult
647:
1502:
Many countries have banned the use of live fish for bait, but pike can be caught with dead fish, which they locate by smell. For this technique, fat marine fish like
1269:. Fishing for pike is said to be very exciting with their aggressive hits and aerial acrobatics. Pike are among the largest North American freshwater game fish.
577:
seldom reach the size of their
European counterparts; one of the largest specimens known was a 21 kg (46 lb) specimen from New York. It was caught in
1219:
tend to display limited migration, although some local movement may be of key significance for population dynamics. In the Baltic, they are known to follow
595:
As northern pike grow longer, they increase in weight, and the relationship between length and weight is not linear. The relationship between total length (
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on 15 September 1940 by Peter Dubuc. Reports of far larger pike have been made, but these are either misidentifications of the pike's larger relative, the
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fall prey to pike. Young pike have been found dead from choking on a pike of a similar size, an observation referred to by the renowned
English poet
532:, the northern pike has light markings on a dark body background and fewer than six sensory pores on the underside of each side of the lower jaw.
3125:
1979:
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Pike are found in sluggish streams and shallow, weedy places in lakes and reservoirs, as well as in cold, clear, rocky waters. They are typical
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3213:
1432:
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water temperature (at 19 °C (66 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F), respectively). Under natural circumstances, the survival from
565:("southern pike") was long thought to be a color variation of the northern pike, but was in 2011 announced to be a species of its own.
1545:
are also effective and can produce spectacular bites with pike attacking these erratic-moving lures at full speed. For trolling, big
1292:
to an explosion of smaller fish, and to ensure pike removal stops, which is damaging to both the sport fishery and the environment.
983:
The northern pike is a relatively aggressive species, especially with regard to feeding. For example, when food sources are scarce,
3086:
2681:
3151:
2796:
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by Ted Hughes. Poem text and audio: Hughes talks about his poem then reads it aloud. PoetryArchive.org. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
3352:
1841:"Molecular and Phenotypic Evidence of a New Species of Genus Esox (Esocidae, Esociformes, Actinopterygii): The Southern Pike,
759:, but they are confined to the low-salinity water at the surface of the sea, and are seldom seen in brackish water elsewhere.
3239:
1910:
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A pike has a very typical hunting behaviour; it is able to remain stationary in the water by moving the last fin rays of the
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2792:
107:
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79:
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Lake fishing for pike from the shore is especially effective during spring, when the big pike move into the shallows to
3382:
3362:
2617:
2305:
3402:
3387:
2209:
Eklov, Peter (August 1992). "Group foraging versus solitary foraging efficiency in piscivorous predators: The perch,
1425:
126:
86:
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3377:
3372:
3357:
3291:
3099:
2455:
Craig, J. F.; Kipling, C. (1983). "Reproduction effort versus the environment; case histories of
Windermere perch,
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growth and low food conditions. Pike do not discriminate siblings well, so cannibalism between siblings is likely.
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317:
1921:
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Range of northern pike as traditionally defined (including populations now often regarded as separate species:
93:
64:
60:
2701:
2259:"Effects of Habitat complexity and prey abundance on the spatial and temporal distributions of perch and pike"
1714:
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3200:
2567:
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17:
1499:, a pike weighing at least 10 kg (22 lb), is considered the qualification as a master fisherman.
1418:
1234:
75:
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2995:
2643:"Chapter 2. Statewide Regulations for Fishing and Frogging in Inland Waters Provisions and Definitions".
959:
3000:
1211:, which can be attributed to the presence of schools of prey fish and the opportunity for ambush. Being
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3283:
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2157:(October 1967). "A Study of Reproduction, Early Life, Weight-Length Relationship and Growth of Pike,
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1406:
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3342:
3192:
1901:
Anderson, R. O. and
Neumann, R. M. (1996) "Length, Weight, and Associated Structural Indices", in
3407:
3397:
1108:. When the body length is 4 to 8 cm (1.6 to 3.1 in), they start feeding on small fish.
1037:
927:
604:
202:
53:
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3179:
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L., with
Special Reference to the Factors Influencing the Numerical Strength of Year Classes".
1518:, the pike does not have a good sense of smell, but it is still more than adequate to find the
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613:
2879:
1800:
1370:
1119:. Before striking, it bends its body and darts out to the prey using the large surface of its
2950:
2413:
Chapman, C. A.; Mackay, W. C. (1984). "Versatility in habitat use by a top aquatic predator,
984:
946:, causing government agencies to attempt to exterminate the pike by poisoning lakes, such as
895:
297:
3270:
3169:
2864:
Field Museum of
Natural History, Chicago, Dept. of Zoology, Leaflet No. 9, 52 pp., 8 plates.
1300:
503:
Northern pike are most often olive green, shading from yellow to white along the belly. The
443:
The northern pike gets its common name from its resemblance to the pole-weapon known as the
3021:
2959:
2874:
2770:
2644:
2551:
2472:
2426:
2384:
2170:
2106:
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Mann, R. H. K. (February 1982). "The Annual Food Consumption and Prey Preferences of Pike (
2064:
2051:
Mann, R. H. K. (1976). "Observations on the age, growth, reproduction and food of the pike
2022:
1856:
1045:
578:
100:
8:
1380:
1360:
1276:, anglers are required by law to remove the head from a pike once it has been caught. In
1168:
947:
385:
167:
2476:
2430:
2388:
2258:
2174:
2110:
2068:
2026:
1956:
1934:
1860:
1580:
1375:
1167:, such as an incident in 2016 when an individual was observed trying to drown and eat a
455:
are common pike, Lakes pike, great northern pike, great northern, northern (in the U.S.
2503:
Franklin, Donald R.; Smith, Lloyd L. (1963). "Early Life History of the Northern Pike,
2484:
2438:
2234:
2186:
2122:
2076:
2034:
1879:
1840:
1617:
1596:
1462:
967:
963:
726:
197:
31:
2396:
3265:
3008:
2230:
2154:
1906:
1884:
1481:
996:. However, when pike exceed 700 mm (28 in) long, they feed on larger fish.
931:
536:
2964:
2546:
2328:
2238:
1340:
1171:, an incident in which a pike choked to death after killing and attempting to eat a
588:
3104:
3013:
2833:
2516:
2480:
2434:
2392:
2348:
2270:
2226:
2178:
2114:
2072:
2030:
1984:
1874:
1864:
1688:
1635:
1184:
1032:
993:
989:
955:
919:
787:
509:
326:
3226:
2689:
1869:
1754:
1453:
1049:
697:
585:, or simply have not been properly documented and belong in the realm of legend.
561:
343:
339:
3205:
1905:, 2nd edition, B. E. Murphy and D. W. Willis, eds., American Fisheries Society.
709:, but that is likely related to their dependence on the presence of vegetation.
3060:
3047:
1546:
1195:
1191:
688:
448:
377:
244:
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This gives the boat angler good fishing during the summer and winter seasons.
3337:
3326:
3164:
2935:
2885:
2811:
2660:
1626:
1472:
is another method of fishing for pike on small to medium-sized still waters.
1212:
803:
775:
767:
748:
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456:
444:
420:
408:
313:
187:
182:
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2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
1980:"Funding needed to keep aquatic invasive species out of Washington's waters"
1480:
In recent decades, more pike are released back to the water after catching (
1187:, but it is generally believed that such attacks are only rare occurrences.
476:
3143:
1888:
1550:
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1385:
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to eliminate their many small bones, and then used in preparations such as
1203:
1116:
903:
843:
839:
795:
779:
680:
Northern Pike typically live to 10–15 years, but sometimes up to 25 years.
525:
468:
452:
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922:
and east coast provinces). Watersheds in which pike are found include the
159:
3187:
3112:
2987:
2944:
2133:
1538:
1473:
1457:
1350:
1318:
1172:
1157:
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783:
582:
529:
381:
254:
3231:
2009:
Giles, N.; Wright, R. M.; Nord, M. E. (1986). "Cannibalism in pike fry,
1090:
The young, free-swimming pike feed on small invertebrates starting with
3091:
2289:‘Programmed to eat’: Northern pike mauls husky at North Pole gravel pit
1554:
1523:
1469:
1273:
1180:
1164:
1137:
1120:
1112:
1071:
1059:
923:
879:
791:
756:
722:
701:
513:
3078:
1465:(towing a fairy or bait behind a moving boat) is a popular technique.
1456:
in weedy areas, and later many remain there to feed on other spawning
739:
is found in fresh water throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including
504:
3117:
3034:
1838:
1446:
1254:
1199:
1176:
827:
823:
717:
706:
392:
335:
214:
2906:
2371:
Jepsen, N.; Beck, S.; Skov, C.; Koed, A. (2001). "Behavior of pike (
2274:
2190:
2126:
915:
484:
150:
42:
3073:
3039:
2929:
2898:
2824:
1572:
1519:
1511:
1258:
1145:
1124:
1104:
907:
871:
867:
847:
835:
819:
811:
799:
603:, in pounds) for nearly all species of fish can be expressed by an
548:
495:
464:
264:
234:
3304:
2182:
2118:
1977:
1584:
1577:
1537:
produced by the perceived prey, and the whirling movement of the
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1503:
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1401:
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911:
899:
883:
855:
815:
771:
752:
730:
460:
412:
363:
3244:
2375:
L.) > 50 cm in a turbid reservoir and in a clearwater lake".
1011:
There has been at least one instance of a pike attacking a dog.
3026:
2972:
1759:. Vol. 9 (1927). Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History.
1534:
1277:
1262:
1216:
1141:
1129:
1082:
1063:
943:
887:
851:
744:
740:
416:
400:
224:
2306:'The pike was huge, but not huge enough to fight off an otter'
1265:. Historical references to cooking pike go as far back as the
3278:
2568:"Hungry Pike Bites Off More Than It Can Chew, Chokes on Bird"
1153:
1149:
1062:, and the second between hatching and the termination of the
1054:
1005:
939:
891:
875:
859:
763:
762:
Within North America, northern pike populations are found in
556:
535:
A hybrid between northern pike and muskellunge is known as a
1248:
Although it is generally known as a "sporting" quarry, some
660:
is a constant that varies among species. For northern pike,
1664:"Different Names for Northern Pike (From Around the World)"
1133:
863:
831:
807:
517:
372:
367:
274:
30:
This article is about the fish. For the Canadian band, see
2771:"The Kalevala (three different translations of a passage)"
2004:
2002:
992:. Usually, pike tend to feed on smaller fish, such as the
1515:
1086:
Northern pike often rest near the bottom waiting for prey
521:
2618:"Could Castle Archdale swan have been killed by a pike?"
2521:
10.1577/1548-8659(1963)92[91:ELHOTN]2.0.CO;2
1128:
consumed. It eats mainly fish and frogs, but also small
2252:
2250:
2248:
1999:
1541:
is probably a good way to imitate or exaggerate these.
1163:
Pike are known to occasionally hunt and consume larger
1152:. They are not very particular and eat spiny fish like
528:
system. Unlike the similar-looking and closely related
479:
when fully grown, was used to form its taxonomic name (
2046:
2044:
1978:
The Washington Department of Fish (24 December 2020).
1587:(string instrument) from the jawbone of a giant pike.
1140:
in his famous poem "Pike". Northern pike also feed on
2408:
2406:
2327:
Harper, David G.; Blake, Robert W. (9 January 1990).
2322:
2320:
2318:
721:
Three northern pikes pictured in the coat of arms of
616:
2245:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2450:
2448:
2041:
1562:products to use specifically to target these fish.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2403:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2315:
2263:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
1241:caught by an angler using a lure in lake Finzula,
641:
475:. Its earlier common name, the luci (now lucy) or
2834:"A Review of the Scientific Basis for Pike Culls"
2197:
3324:
2857:Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1950 pp. 126.
2445:
1641:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T135631A133427422.en
1514:are often used. Compared to other fish like the
423:, although in the Midwest, they may be called a
2593:"Duck kills giant pike - Practical Fishkeeping"
2359:
2008:
2509:Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
1096:, and quickly move on to bigger prey, such as
1017:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2412:
1426:
1014:Pike are occasionally preyed upon by otters.
755:, and is even found in brackish water of the
395:in distribution). They are known simply as a
2843:Chapman & Hall, London. 1996 pp. 1.
2454:
2295:, 21 October 2022, Retrieved 26 October 2022
2152:
2088:
2086:
1449:for their large size and aggressive nature.
3348:Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
2326:
1615:
2491:
2013:L.: some experiments with fry densities".
1957:"Calif. Aims to Rid Lake of Northern Pike"
1689:"Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 Northern pike"
1433:
1419:
751:. It has also been introduced to lakes in
712:
325:
176:
149:
2329:"Fast-Start Performance of Rainbow Trout
2083:
2055:(L.) in two rivers in southern England".
1878:
1868:
1639:
1198:during a spawning season, and it follows
451:for 'pointed'). Various other unofficial
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2649:. State of California. 2015. p. 21.
1829:. Chapman & Hall, London. 1996 pp. 1
1299:
1280:, pike are native north and west of the
1233:
1190:The northern pike is a largely solitary
1081:
716:
692:A pike in its natural habitat in Germany
687:
587:
494:
2884:
2810:
2797:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1661:
1229:
512:lacks scales, and it has large sensory
14:
3325:
1156:, and will even take fish as small as
2911:
2910:
2565:
2256:
2208:
1955:Young, Samantha (26 September 2007).
1954:
1160:if they are the only available prey.
656:is close to 3.0 for all species, and
3393:Freshwater fish of the United States
3310:79ADD185-1223-46D0-855E-B4B13C366E8D
3284:0264268E-6E73-D20B-83CD-D1CE41ECAF4A
3066:c2ee7d85-6246-463b-a5f5-0dcb2a794461
2880:NAS – USGS fact sheet on tiger musky
2875:New Jersey fact sheet on tiger musky
2092:
2050:
1752:
568:
376:(pikes). They are commonly found in
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
3333:IUCN Red List least concern species
2745:"Fly Fishing for Pike Advice Guide"
2653:
2341:The Journal of Experimental Biology
2312:, 12 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2022
1971:
1627:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1609:
1226:, so have some seasonal migration.
473:Field Museum Zool. Leaflet Number 9
24:
2785:
2485:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04231.x
2439:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04855.x
2077:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1976.tb03930.x
2035:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04930.x
1365:
1327:
520:and on the underside of its lower
25:
3434:
2868:
2397:10.1034/j.1600-0633.2001.100104.x
459:and in the Canadian provinces of
2862:Pike, Pickerel, and Muskellunge.
1295:
201:
41:
2841:Pike: Biology and Exploitation.
2763:
2737:
2712:
2694:
2675:
2636:
2610:
2585:
2559:
2539:
2527:
2298:
2281:
2097:) in the River Frome, Dorset".
1948:
1927:
1915:
1895:
1832:
1756:Pike, pickerel and muskalonge /
1753:Weed, Alfred Cleveland (1927).
1662:Loesche, Max (27 August 2022).
1565:
1044:Pike are physically capable of
1026:
599:, in inches) and total weight (
559:, the newly identified species
52:needs additional citations for
2850:Univ. of Michigan Press, 1943.
2597:www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk
2566:Smola, Travis (4 March 2016).
1827:Pike: Biology and Exploitation
1819:
1805:x E. masquinongy) – FactSheet"
1793:
1763:
1746:
1737:
1707:
1681:
1655:
1048:at an age of about two years,
490:
13:
1:
3353:Freshwater fish of the Arctic
2720:"Oppia suurhauen. saamiseksi"
2547:"Esox lucius (American pike)"
1924:. Canal & River Trust, UK
1602:
978:
930:and its tributaries, and the
2231:10.1016/0003-3472(92)90037-a
1870:10.1371/journal.pone.0025218
1304:Northern pike caught with a
1074:to 75-mm pike is around 5%.
973:
438:
7:
3423:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2661:"What the PAC is All About"
1590:
1570:In the Finnish epic poetry
1018:Physical behavioural traits
725:, a former municipality of
10:
3439:
2855:North American Game Fishes
2377:Ecology of Freshwater Fish
2257:Eklov, P. (9 April 2011).
1522:. Baitfish can be used as
1288:by some fishery managers.
683:
415:, most of Eastern Europe,
29:
3383:Fish of the Pacific Ocean
3363:Freshwater fish of Europe
2919:
2646:Sport Fishing Regulations
2163:Journal of Animal Ecology
2099:Journal of Animal Ecology
1407:Index of fishing articles
642:{\displaystyle W=cL^{b}.}
545:Esox lucius × masquinongy
541:Esox masquinongy × lucius
333:
324:
303:
296:
198:Scientific classification
196:
174:
165:
157:
148:
143:
3403:Freshwater fish of China
3388:Freshwater fish of Japan
2888:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2814:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
499:Skull of a Northern pike
3378:Fish of the Great Lakes
3373:Fish of the Caspian Sea
3358:Freshwater fish of Asia
2828:. October 2004 version.
2465:Journal of Fish Biology
2419:Journal of Fish Biology
2057:Journal of Fish Biology
2015:Journal of Fish Biology
1775:University of Minnesota
1634:: e.T135631A133427422.
1495:In Finland, catching a
1077:
928:upper Mississippi River
713:Geographic distribution
3418:Fish described in 1758
3368:Fish of the Baltic Sea
2706:Predator Fishing World
1332:
1312:
1245:
1087:
733:
693:
675:
643:
592:
524:which are part of the
500:
2353:10.1242/jeb.150.1.321
1616:NatureServe (2013) .
1533:system to follow the
1529:Pike make use of the
1331:
1303:
1237:
1085:
896:Northwest Territories
720:
691:
644:
591:
498:
3061:Fauna Europaea (new)
2902:. July 2009 version.
2848:Northern Game Fishes
2708:. 29 September 2023.
2702:"How To Hold A Pike"
2688:3 March 2009 at the
2622:The Fermanagh Herald
2552:Animal Diversity Web
2161:L., in Windermere".
2153:Frost, Winifred E.;
1903:Fisheries Techniques
1801:"Tiger muskellunge (
1230:Importance to humans
960:Box Canyon Reservoir
614:
579:Great Sacandaga Lake
61:improve this article
2853:La Monte Fancesca.
2839:Craig, John F. ed.
2751:. 16 September 2015
2477:1983JFBio..22..713C
2431:1984JFBio..25..109C
2389:2001EcoFF..10...26J
2293:Alaska Public Media
2175:1967JAnEc..36..651F
2111:1982JAnEc..51...81M
2069:1976JFBio...8..179M
2027:1986JFBio..29..107G
1861:2011PLoSO...625218L
1825:Craig, John F. ed.
1386:other sport fish...
1169:great crested grebe
1072:free-swimming larva
1031:Pike have a strong
948:Stormy Lake, Alaska
386:Northern Hemisphere
168:Conservation status
2846:Eddy S, Surber T.
2832:Broughton, Bruno.
2775:www.bopsecrets.org
2749:The Sportfish Post
2684:. fishontario.com
2333:and Northern Pike
2155:Kipling, Charlotte
1959:. Associated Press
1597:Northern snakehead
1583:creates a magical
1333:
1313:
1246:
1123:, dorsal fin, and
1088:
964:Pend Oreille River
918:(pike are rare in
734:
727:North Ostrobothnia
694:
639:
593:
501:
32:The Northern Pikes
3320:
3319:
3266:Open Tree of Life
2913:Taxon identifiers
2457:Perca fluviatilis
2211:Perca fluviatilis
1911:978-1-934874-29-5
1807:. Nas.er.usgs.gov
1723:IGFA World Record
1715:"pike, northern (
1482:catch and release
1443:
1442:
990:tiger salamanders
932:Great Lakes Basin
573:Northern pike in
569:Length and weight
537:tiger muskellunge
483:) and is used in
350:
349:
191:
158:Northern pike at
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3430:
3313:
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3300:
3299:
3287:
3286:
3274:
3273:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3206:NHMSYS0000544671
3196:
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2633:
2631:
2629:
2624:. 15 August 2015
2614:
2608:
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2605:
2603:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2572:Wide Open Spaces
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2500:
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2400:
2368:
2357:
2356:
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2313:
2302:
2296:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2269:(7): 1520–1531.
2254:
2243:
2242:
2219:Animal Behaviour
2206:
2195:
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2150:
2131:
2130:
2090:
2081:
2080:
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2039:
2038:
2006:
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1996:
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1975:
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1830:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:on 7 August 2008
1777:. Archived from
1767:
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1760:
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1744:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
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1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1668:Strike and Catch
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1613:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1315:
1314:
1185:Northern Ireland
994:banded killifish
988:species such as
966:in northeastern
920:British Columbia
698:ambush predators
648:
646:
645:
640:
635:
634:
405:
404:
378:moderately salty
329:
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206:
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69:
45:
37:
21:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3413:Holarctic fauna
3343:Cold water fish
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3290:
3282:
3277:
3269:
3264:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3227:Observation.org
3225:
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3012:
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2999:
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2986:
2984:
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2971:
2963:
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2949:
2948:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2915:
2871:
2860:Weed Alfred C.
2801:
2799:
2791:
2788:
2786:Further reading
2783:
2782:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2690:Wayback Machine
2682:Float-tube pike
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2654:
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2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
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2501:
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2411:
2404:
2369:
2360:
2331:Salmo gairdneri
2325:
2316:
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2299:
2286:
2282:
2275:10.1139/f97-059
2255:
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2007:
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1644:
1614:
1610:
1605:
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1568:
1439:
1381:smallmouth bass
1361:largemouth bass
1321:
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1232:
1080:
1029:
1020:
981:
976:
715:
686:
678:
630:
626:
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612:
611:
571:
562:Esox cisalpinus
493:
441:
402:
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366:of carnivorous
320:
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133:
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76:"Northern pike"
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
27:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3436:
3426:
3425:
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3410:
3408:Fish of Russia
3405:
3400:
3398:Fish of Canada
3395:
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3070:
3057:
3048:Fauna Europaea
3044:
3031:
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3005:
2992:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2941:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2905:
2904:
2886:Froese, Rainer
2882:
2877:
2870:
2869:External links
2867:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2812:Froese, Rainer
2808:
2787:
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2693:
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2652:
2635:
2609:
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2558:
2538:
2526:
2490:
2471:(6): 713–727.
2459:L., and pike,
2444:
2425:(1): 109–115.
2402:
2358:
2347:(1): 321–342.
2314:
2297:
2280:
2244:
2225:(2): 313–326.
2196:
2169:(3): 651–693.
2132:
2082:
2063:(2): 179–197.
2040:
2021:(1): 107–113.
1998:
1970:
1947:
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1914:
1894:
1855:(12): e25218.
1831:
1818:
1792:
1771:"Tiger muskie"
1762:
1745:
1736:
1706:
1695:. fishbase.org
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1204:common roaches
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449:Middle English
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344:southern pikes
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144:Northern pike
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117:September 2023
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3258:northern-pike
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2845:
2842:
2838:
2836:. N.p., 2000.
2835:
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2821:
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2809:
2798:
2794:
2793:"Esox lucius"
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2789:
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2663:. Pacgb.co.uk
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1366:northern pike
1364:
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1118:
1117:pectoral fins
1114:
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804:West Virginia
801:
797:
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776:Massachusetts
773:
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768:New Hampshire
765:
760:
758:
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749:North America
746:
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732:
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584:
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575:North America
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457:Upper Midwest
454:
453:trivial names
450:
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427:
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422:
418:
414:
410:
409:Great Britain
406:
398:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:
370:of the genus
369:
365:
361:
360:
355:
354:northern pike
345:
341:
337:
332:
328:
323:
319:
315:
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298:Binomial name
295:
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183:Least Concern
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99:
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78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Northern Pike
2920:
2897:
2891:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2823:
2817:
2800:. Retrieved
2774:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2748:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2724:docplayer.fi
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2655:
2645:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2621:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2571:
2561:
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2541:
2529:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2383:(1): 26–34.
2380:
2376:
2372:
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2340:
2334:
2330:
2310:The Guardian
2309:
2300:
2292:
2283:
2266:
2262:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:, and pike,
2210:
2183:10.2307/2820
2166:
2162:
2158:
2119:10.2307/4312
2105:(1): 81–95.
2102:
2098:
2094:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2018:
2014:
2010:
1989:. Retrieved
1983:
1973:
1963:27 September
1961:. Retrieved
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1935:"Salty pike"
1929:
1917:
1902:
1897:
1852:
1848:
1843:Esox flaviae
1842:
1834:
1826:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1802:
1795:
1783:. Retrieved
1779:the original
1774:
1765:
1755:
1748:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1722:
1716:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1631:
1625:
1619:
1611:
1571:
1569:
1566:In mythology
1560:
1531:lateral line
1528:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1486:
1479:
1467:
1451:
1444:
1371:peacock bass
1356:hucho taimen
1306:fishing lure
1290:
1282:Alaska Range
1271:
1247:
1238:
1189:
1162:
1158:sticklebacks
1110:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1068:
1043:
1030:
1027:Reproduction
1021:
1013:
1010:
1002:
998:
982:
958:predator in
954:is a severe
951:
904:Saskatchewan
844:South Dakota
840:North Dakota
796:Pennsylvania
780:Rhode Island
761:
736:
735:
695:
679:
669:
668:= 0.000180 (
665:
664:= 3.096 and
661:
657:
653:
652:Invariably,
651:
607:of the form
600:
596:
594:
572:
560:
554:
544:
540:
534:
526:lateral line
502:
480:
472:
469:Saskatchewan
442:
428:
424:
396:
389:
382:fresh waters
371:
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353:
351:
306:
304:
288:
287:
275:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3188:NatureServe
3113:iNaturalist
2978:esox-lucius
2965:Esox_lucius
2951:Esox lucius
2945:Wikispecies
2921:Esox lucius
2892:Esox lucius
2818:Esox lucius
2755:12 November
2729:21 December
2505:Esox lucius
2461:Esox lucius
2415:Esox lucius
2373:Esox lucius
2335:Esox lucius
2287:Dan Bross,
2215:Esox lucius
2159:Esox lucius
2095:Esox lucius
2053:Esox lucius
2011:Esox lucius
1991:29 December
1940:12 November
1803:Esox lucius
1717:Esox lucius
1647:19 February
1620:Esox lucius
1581:Väinämöinen
1497:kymppihauki
1474:Fly fishing
1470:float tubes
1468:The use of
1458:coarse fish
1346:brook trout
1319:Fly fishing
1173:tufted duck
1165:water birds
1113:dorsal fins
985:cannibalism
924:Ohio Valley
882:, northern
878:, northern
874:, northern
784:Connecticut
737:Esox lucius
583:muskellunge
530:muskellunge
491:Description
481:Esox lucius
407:: pike) in
359:Esox lucius
307:Esox lucius
255:Esociformes
3327:Categories
2802:8 December
2628:3 February
2577:3 February
1729:2 February
1699:2 February
1673:8 February
1603:References
1524:groundbait
1376:shoal bass
1274:California
1181:Lough Erne
1138:Ted Hughes
1121:caudal fin
1060:blastopore
979:Aggression
968:Washington
880:New Mexico
792:New Jersey
757:Baltic Sea
723:Haukipudas
702:Baltic Sea
510:gill cover
447:(from the
340:Aquitanian
87:newspapers
2515:(2): 91.
1922:Pike Fish
1785:6 October
1693:Fish Base
1551:softbaits
1543:Jerkbaits
1447:game fish
1261:and fish
1259:quenelles
1255:forcemeat
1239:E. lucius
1200:prey fish
1179:on Lower
1177:mute swan
974:Behaviour
952:E. lucius
828:Minnesota
824:Wisconsin
707:turbidity
439:Etymology
425:Northern.
393:holarctic
283:Species:
221:Kingdom:
215:Eukaryota
160:Plzeň Zoo
3193:2.102929
3131:10148501
3074:FishBase
2985:BioLib:
2930:Wikidata
2899:FishBase
2825:FishBase
2686:Archived
2239:53196955
1889:22164201
1849:PLOS ONE
1591:See also
1573:Kalevala
1535:vortices
1520:baitfish
1512:mackerel
1508:sardines
1463:Trolling
1394:See also
1341:bluefish
1209:culverts
1196:migrates
1192:predator
1146:crayfish
1125:anal fin
1115:and the
1105:Gammarus
1050:spawning
1046:breeding
956:invasive
908:Manitoba
872:Oklahoma
868:Colorado
848:Nebraska
836:Missouri
820:Illinois
812:Michigan
800:Maryland
788:New York
605:equation
549:mutation
485:heraldry
465:Manitoba
419:and the
314:Linnaeus
265:Esocidae
261:Family:
235:Chordata
231:Phylum:
225:Animalia
211:Domain:
188:IUCN 3.1
3305:ZooBank
3092:2346633
2936:Q165278
2667:2 March
2473:Bibcode
2427:Bibcode
2385:Bibcode
2171:Bibcode
2107:Bibcode
2065:Bibcode
2023:Bibcode
1880:3229480
1857:Bibcode
1811:2 March
1585:kantele
1578:demigod
1576:, wise
1539:spinner
1504:herring
1490:forceps
1402:fishing
1351:crappie
1322:targets
1310:Belgium
1263:mousses
1250:anglers
1243:Croatia
1224:schools
1221:herring
1217:esocids
1150:leeches
1142:insects
1130:mammals
1099:Asellus
1093:Daphnia
1066:stage.
962:on the
912:Ontario
900:Alberta
884:Arizona
856:Montana
816:Indiana
772:Vermont
753:Morocco
731:Finland
684:Habitat
516:on its
461:Alberta
413:Ireland
384:of the
364:species
362:) is a
271:Genus:
251:Order:
241:Class:
186: (
101:scholar
3297:154210
3271:739941
3245:154210
3170:135631
3157:162139
3053:304650
3040:ESOXLU
3027:206652
2973:ARKive
2534:"Pike"
2237:
2189:
2125:
1985:Medium
1909:
1887:
1877:
1555:Spoons
1286:salmon
1278:Alaska
1267:Romans
1215:, all
1148:, and
1064:alevin
1055:gonads
1033:homing
944:salmon
942:, and
926:, the
916:Québec
914:, and
894:, the
890:, the
888:Alaska
852:Kansas
747:, and
745:Europe
741:Russia
417:Canada
342:, and
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3292:WoRMS
3279:Plazi
3177:NAS:
3144:83118
3126:IRMNG
3118:55387
3014:3BHYH
3001:29373
2988:15786
2602:7 May
2235:S2CID
2187:JSTOR
2123:JSTOR
1547:plugs
1454:spawn
1202:like
1194:. It
1154:perch
1134:birds
1006:perch
940:trout
892:Yukon
876:Texas
860:Idaho
764:Maine
557:Italy
514:pores
505:flank
108:JSTOR
94:books
3338:Esox
3253:ODNR
3240:OBIS
3232:2135
3219:8010
3214:NCBI
3165:IUCN
3152:ITIS
3105:1764
3100:GISD
3087:GBIF
3035:EPPO
2996:BOLD
2804:2004
2757:2018
2731:2016
2669:2011
2630:2020
2604:2024
2579:2020
2463:L".
2417:L".
2191:2820
2127:4312
1993:2020
1965:2007
1942:2018
1907:ISBN
1885:PMID
1813:2011
1787:2020
1731:2017
1701:2017
1675:2024
1649:2022
1632:2018
1510:and
1132:and
1102:and
1078:Food
1038:diel
936:bass
864:Utah
832:Iowa
808:Ohio
518:head
477:luce
467:and
445:pike
432:IGFA
421:U.S.
397:pike
390:i.e.
380:and
373:Esox
368:fish
352:The
336:Amur
318:1758
276:Esox
80:news
3201:NBN
3180:676
3139:ISC
3079:258
3022:EoL
3009:CoL
2960:ADW
2517:doi
2481:doi
2435:doi
2393:doi
2349:doi
2345:150
2271:doi
2227:doi
2179:doi
2115:doi
2073:doi
2031:doi
1875:PMC
1865:doi
1636:doi
1549:or
1516:eel
1308:in
676:Age
555:In
543:or
522:jaw
63:by
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