191:
2201:
202:
45:
379:
618:
Witter, Menno P.; Naber, Pieterke A.; Van
Haeften, Theo; Machielsen, Willem C.M.; Rombouts, Serge A.R.B.; Barkhof, Frederik; Scheltens, Philip; Lopes Da Silva, Fernando H. (2000). "Cortico-hippocampal communication by way of parallel parahippocampal-subicular pathways".
465:. It has been proposed that the dopamine system of pathways is the overall organiser of the neural pathways that are seen to be parallels of the dopamine pathways. Dopamine is provided both
441:, which travel from the spinal cord to the muscle, can have axons up to a meter in length in humans. The longest axon in the human body belongs to the Sciatic Nerve and runs from the great
2323:
296:, "striped body"). This naming can extend to include any number of structures in a pathway, such that the cerebellorubrothalamocortical pathway originates in the
366:, but also give rise to the following pathway: mossy fibers → granule cells → parallel fibers → Purkinje cells → deep nuclei. The other main pathway is from the
736:
Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Katz, Lawrence C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; Williams, S. Mark (1 January 2001).
664:"Disruption of the direct perforant path input to the CA1 subregion of the dorsal hippocampus interferes with spatial working memory and novelty detection"
402:
of a nerve cell is, in general, responsible for transmitting information over a relatively long distance. Therefore, most neural pathways are made up of
2316:
944:
996:
899:
1336:
1306:
1947:
458:
2309:
511:
179:
2783:
2662:
854:
64:
is an example of a neural pathway because it connects the eye to the brain; additional pathways within the brain connect to the
890:
276:
knowledge became more sophisticated, the trend was toward naming pathways by their origin and termination. For example, the
1345:
632:
1772:
1190:
1006:
2717:
1833:
961:
766:
720:
599:
2175:
1940:
17:
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1538:
1077:
981:
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1896:
1870:
985:
2587:
1901:
1875:
1838:
1804:
1799:
1704:
1671:
1635:
1585:
1450:
1207:
1065:
537:
2698:
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2655:
2625:
1842:
1203:
1061:
847:
2556:
1933:
1794:
1610:
1508:
1432:
1390:
532:
233:, "hard body"; not to be confused with the Latin word "colossus" – the "huge" statue),
2788:
2552:
2467:
2423:
2130:
1960:
1828:
1746:
1580:
1089:
1056:
832:
38:
2435:
2244:
2236:
1625:
1512:
1436:
1246:
1098:
516:
359:
1117:
2485:
2427:
2015:
1726:
1713:
1685:
1618:
1593:
1500:
1468:
1424:
1194:
965:
506:
2100:
1038:
606:
A bundle of nerve fibers (axons) connecting neighboring or distant nuclei of the CNS is a tract.
2648:
2050:
1647:
1614:
1605:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1408:
1213:
840:
591:
584:
363:
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2729:
2583:
1763:
1700:
1676:
1667:
1639:
1630:
1527:
1488:
1412:
1315:
1223:
1141:
328:
277:
140:
2010:
461:, are seen as controlling different aspects of behaviour. This regulation is enabled by the
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2368:
2270:
2135:
2110:
2075:
1824:
1790:
1741:
1256:
1242:
1186:
1132:
1024:
973:
547:
370:
and these project to
Purkinje cells and also send collaterals directly to the deep nuclei.
8:
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2180:
2040:
2035:
2000:
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955:
501:
497:
437:
Some neurons are responsible for conveying information over long distances. For example,
324:
320:
242:
2190:
190:
100:
to another). Neurons are connected by a single axon, or by a bundle of axons known as a
2753:
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2200:
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2045:
2025:
1891:
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926:
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813:
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148:
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136:
93:
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445:
to the base of the spinal cord. These are archetypal examples of neural pathways.
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1985:
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1359:
1107:
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The first named pathways are evident to the naked eye even in a poorly preserved
163:
430:), then the pathway will appear a darker beige color, which is generally called
2737:
2431:
2405:
2185:
2160:
2140:
2120:
2020:
1995:
1820:
1786:
1600:
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875:
737:
557:
395:
367:
327:
in most texts. Note that the "old" name was primarily descriptive, evoking the
175:
132:
105:
97:
49:
31:
679:
2777:
2671:
2060:
2005:
1643:
1380:
1052:
803:
454:
340:
144:
65:
201:
2682:
2085:
2055:
1925:
1730:
1689:
1516:
1460:
1440:
1400:
822:
697:
640:
562:
273:
121:
73:
378:
2741:
2578:
2105:
1718:
1280:
867:
863:
552:
348:
305:
218:
171:
128:
109:
101:
61:
57:
44:
2640:
335:. The "new" name is based primarily on its origin (in the primary motor
319:
Sometimes, these two naming conventions coexist. For example, the name "
182:(DCML) carry information from the periphery to the cortex of the brain.
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2228:
2145:
2090:
1975:
1905:
1887:
1861:
1853:
1816:
1782:
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542:
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355:
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269:
of a structure but give no information on its function, location, etc.
262:
195:
862:
2757:
2529:
2397:
2392:
2252:
1990:
167:
152:
739:
Damage to
Descending Motor Pathways: The Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome
131:, there are neural pathways involved in its circuitry including the
2709:
2613:
2600:
2476:
2462:
2444:
2280:
1980:
1722:
1681:
1542:
1504:
1464:
1428:
1404:
1145:
1081:
977:
391:
309:
289:
2337:
633:
10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:4<398::AID-HIPO6>3.0.CO;2-K
301:
89:
617:
469:
and phasically in response to the needs of the neural pathways.
331:
of antiquity, from the appearance of this neural pathway in the
2215:
423:
415:
411:
387:
117:
85:
27:
Connection formed between neurons that allows neurotransmission
735:
715:(5. ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer. pp. 375–378.
419:
293:
285:
258:
250:
230:
214:
113:
221:
using cadaver material. Examples of these include the great
2543:
2414:
1029:
407:
403:
399:
81:
53:
442:
414:
sheaths, then the pathway appears bright white because
448:
209:. Green=Parasympathetic; Red=Sympathetic; Blue=Sensory
2331:
583:
519:is a photic neural input pathway involved in the
2775:
752:
217:, and were named by the great anatomists of the
96:(the sending of a signal from one region of the
358:, one of the two major pathways is that of the
135:, that provides a connectional route from the
2656:
2317:
1941:
848:
787:"Dopamine system: manager of neural pathways"
753:Llinas RR, Walton KD, Lang EJ (2004). "Ch. 7
1955:
92:onto neurons in another location, to enable
662:Vago, David R.; Kesner, Raymond P. (2008).
655:
611:
581:
459:cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop
108:. Shorter neural pathways are found within
2663:
2649:
2324:
2310:
1948:
1934:
855:
841:
661:
48:A neural pathway connects one part of the
2670:
812:
802:
687:
116:, whereas longer projections, made up of
1742:Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum
472:
377:
200:
189:
43:
1701:Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum
362:. Mossy fibers project directly to the
265:"). Note that these names describe the
14:
2776:
1871:Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract
1800:Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract
780:
778:
759:The Synaptic Organization of the Brain
710:
704:
512:Dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway
180:dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway
2644:
2305:
1929:
836:
761:. New York: Oxford University Press.
729:
582:Moore, Keith; Dalley, Arthur (2005).
373:
784:
390:receive information either at their
775:
449:Basal ganglia pathways and dopamine
422:. If most or all of the axons lack
24:
1668:Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum
1191:Posterior limb of internal capsule
1007:Posterior limb of internal capsule
746:
25:
2800:
2718:Anterior limb of internal capsule
962:Posterior external arcuate fibers
382:Diagram showing cortical pathways
312:, and finally terminating in the
158:Descending motor pathways of the
2199:
323:" has been mainly supplanted by
2784:Central nervous system pathways
791:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
241:. Further examples include the
2606:Ventral posterolateral nucleus
575:
308:("ruber" in Latin), on to the
13:
1:
2592:Lateral vestibulospinal tract
1897:Rostral spinocerebellar tract
590:(5th ed.). LWW. p.
568:
343:4) and termination (onto the
30:For circuits of neurons, see
2588:Medial vestibulospinal tract
538:Indirect pathway of movement
288:, "black substance") to the
80:is the connection formed by
52:to another using bundles of
7:
2699:Anterior nuclei of thalamus
2626:Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
1843:Anterior lobe of cerebellum
586:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
526:
325:lateral corticospinal tract
253:, "leg of the brain"), and
10:
2805:
2557:Lateral vestibular nucleus
1795:Posterior thoracic nucleus
1509:Thalamocortical radiations
1433:Thalamocortical radiations
668:Behavioural Brain Research
533:Direct pathway of movement
36:
29:
2708:
2681:
2553:Medial vestibular nucleus
2521:
2505:
2498:
2382:
2351:
2344:
2263:
2208:
2197:
1968:
1852:
1829:Accessory cuneate nucleus
1771:
1760:
1747:Vestibulocerebellar tract
1656:
1581:Vestibulocerebellar tract
1568:
1559:
1524:
1448:
1388:
1379:
1355:
1325:
1295:
1269:
1231:
1222:
1174:
1167:
1116:
1090:Posterior parietal cortex
1057:Anterior white commissure
1037:
1023:
995:
943:
898:
889:
882:
757:". In Shepherd GM (ed.).
680:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.01.002
225:of the brain such as the
185:
151:(including CA1), and the
39:Neurotransmitter pathways
2468:Medial geniculate nuclei
2237:Ascending and Descending
1626:Inferior olivary nucleus
1513:Supplementary motor area
1437:Supplementary motor area
1247:Genu of internal capsule
1099:Spinomesencephalic tract
804:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00854
517:Retinohypothalamic tract
37:Not to be confused with
2486:Primary auditory cortex
2436:Superior olivary nuclei
1714:Cerebellothalamic tract
1195:Decussation of pyramids
966:Internal arcuate fibers
507:Medial forebrain bundle
453:Neural pathways in the
2695:Mammillothalamic tract
1648:Deep cerebellar nuclei
1615:Deep cerebellar nuclei
1606:Pontocerebellar fibers
1481:Subthalamic fasciculus
1473:Subthalamic fasciculus
1214:Neuromuscular junction
383:
261:, "little foot of the
210:
198:
69:
60:that extends from the
2746:Hippocampal formation
2730:Parahippocampal gyrus
2584:Vestibulospinal tract
1834:Cuneocerebellar tract
1677:Dentatothalamic tract
1631:Olivocerebellar tract
1528:nigrostriatal pathway
1489:Lenticular fasciculus
1413:Lenticular fasciculus
1316:Vestibulospinal tract
742:. Sinauer Associates.
711:Purves, Dale (2011).
473:Major neural pathways
381:
278:nigrostriatal pathway
204:
193:
141:hippocampal formation
139:to all fields of the
47:
2571:Flocculonodular lobe
2369:Otoacoustic emission
2271:Accidental viewpoint
1346:Reticulospinal tract
1257:Facial motor nucleus
1243:Primary motor cortex
1187:Primary motor cortex
1133:Spinoreticular tract
974:Trigeminal lemniscus
913:Meissner's corpuscle
785:Hong, Simon (2013).
548:Systems neuroscience
502:corticobulbar tracts
255:cerebellar peduncles
239:posterior commissure
2176:Vertical–horizontal
1709:Reticular formation
1497:Thalamic fasciculus
1477:Subthalamic nucleus
1421:Thalamic fasciculus
1341:Reticular formation
1337:Vestibulocerebellum
1307:Vestibulocerebellum
1252:Corticobulbar tract
1200:Corticospinal tract
1138:Reticular formation
1128:Group C nerve fiber
1104:Superior colliculus
1069:Spinothalamic tract
956:sensory decussation
496: –
426:sheaths (i.e., are
345:alpha motor neurons
235:anterior commissure
194:Neural pathways of
56:called tracts. The
2482:Acoustic radiation
2454:Inferior colliculi
2276:Auditory illusions
2071:Impossible trident
1892:Golgi tendon organ
1866:Golgi tendon organ
1697:Interposed nucleus
927:Cuneate fasciculus
923:Gracile fasciculus
909:Pacinian corpuscle
479:Arcuate fasciculus
384:
374:Functional aspects
211:
199:
120:axons, constitute
84:that project from
70:
2771:
2770:
2734:Entorhinal cortex
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2619:Vestibular cortex
2549:Vestibular nuclei
2513:Vestibular system
2494:
2493:
2450:Lateral lemniscus
2374:Tullio phenomenon
2299:
2298:
2291:Temporal illusion
2286:Tactile illusions
2256:(2015 photograph)
1957:Optical illusions
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1880:Cerebellar vermis
1809:Cerebellar vermis
1752:Vestibular nuclei
1738:Fastigial nucleus
1576:Vestibular nuclei
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1493:Ansa lenticularis
1417:Ansa lenticularis
1375:
1374:
1368:→ muscles of neck
1365:Tectospinal tract
1311:Vestibular nuclei
1286:Rubrospinal tract
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1086:Postcentral gyrus
1049:Free nerve ending
1019:
1018:
1011:Postcentral gyrus
521:circadian rhythms
484:Cerebral peduncle
463:dopamine pathways
333:medulla oblongata
196:cerebellar cortex
137:entorhinal cortex
133:perforant pathway
94:neurotransmission
16:(Redirected from
2796:
2789:Neural circuitry
2665:
2658:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2535:Vestibular nerve
2503:
2502:
2420:Cochlear nucleus
2349:
2348:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2203:
2156:Schroeder stairs
2131:Peripheral drift
2126:Penrose triangle
1950:
1943:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1769:
1768:
1566:
1565:
1532:
1455:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1330:
1300:
1274:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1172:
1171:
1150:Cingulate cortex
1074:Spinal lemniscus
1035:
1034:
970:Medial lemniscus
918:Posterior column
896:
895:
887:
886:
857:
850:
843:
834:
833:
827:
826:
816:
806:
782:
773:
772:
750:
744:
743:
733:
727:
726:
708:
702:
701:
691:
659:
653:
652:
615:
609:
608:
589:
579:
494:Pyramidal tracts
282:substantia nigra
207:ciliary ganglion
205:Pathways in the
162:travel from the
160:pyramidal tracts
143:, including the
21:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2722:Cingulate gyrus
2704:
2691:Mammillary body
2677:
2669:
2639:
2630:
2517:
2490:
2402:Spiral ganglion
2378:
2364:Bone conduction
2359:Auditory system
2340:
2330:
2300:
2295:
2259:
2209:Popular culture
2204:
2195:
2166:Spinning dancer
1986:Ambiguous image
1964:
1954:
1924:
1911:
1848:
1821:muscle spindles
1787:muscle spindles
1774:
1764:Spinocerebellar
1762:
1756:
1664:Dentate nucleus
1652:
1547:
1525:
1520:
1449:
1444:
1389:
1371:
1360:Midbrain tectum
1351:
1326:
1321:
1296:
1291:
1270:
1265:
1232:
1218:
1155:
1112:
1108:Midbrain tectum
1028:
1015:
991:
958:/arcuate fibers
939:
935:Cuneate nucleus
931:Gracile nucleus
878:
861:
831:
830:
783:
776:
769:
751:
747:
734:
730:
723:
709:
705:
660:
656:
616:
612:
602:
580:
576:
571:
529:
489:Corpus callosum
475:
451:
376:
368:climbing fibers
321:pyramidal tract
314:cerebral cortex
290:corpus striatum
274:neuroanatomical
243:pyramidal tract
227:corpus callosum
188:
164:cerebral cortex
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Neuron pathways
15:
12:
11:
5:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2738:Perforant path
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2596:
2595:
2574:
2573:
2561:
2560:
2539:
2538:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2472:
2471:
2458:
2457:
2440:
2439:
2432:Trapezoid body
2410:
2409:
2406:Cochlear nerve
2388:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2332:Physiology of
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2249:
2248:(1961 drawing)
2241:
2240:(1960 drawing)
2233:
2225:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Shepard tables
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2121:Penrose stairs
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Checker shadow
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Autostereogram
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1884:
1883:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1813:
1812:
1779:
1777:
1775:proprioception
1766:
1761:Bidirectional:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1734:
1733:
1693:
1692:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1622:
1621:
1601:Pontine nuclei
1597:
1596:
1572:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1522:
1521:
1458:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1398:
1396:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1261:Facial muscles
1239:
1237:
1226:
1224:Extrapyramidal
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1180:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1113:
1094:
1093:
1044:
1042:
1032:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1002:
1000:
993:
992:
990:
989:
950:
948:
941:
940:
938:
937:
905:
903:
893:
884:
880:
879:
860:
859:
852:
845:
837:
829:
828:
774:
767:
745:
728:
721:
703:
654:
627:(4): 398–410.
610:
600:
573:
572:
570:
567:
566:
565:
560:
558:Neural circuit
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
528:
525:
524:
523:
514:
509:
504:
491:
486:
481:
474:
471:
450:
447:
375:
372:
280:runs from the
187:
184:
178:tracts in the
98:nervous system
78:neural pathway
50:nervous system
32:neural circuit
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2801:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2710:Telencephalon
2707:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2672:Papez circuit
2666:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Fraser spiral
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1644:Purkinje cell
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1544:
1540:
1539:Pars compacta
1537:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Basal ganglia
1378:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1053:A delta fiber
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1025:Anterolateral
1022:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1001:
998:
994:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
957:
952:
951:
949:
946:
942:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:
914:
910:
907:
906:
904:
901:
897:
894:
892:
888:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:neural tracts
869:
865:
858:
853:
851:
846:
844:
839:
838:
835:
824:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
779:
770:
768:0-19-515955-1
764:
760:
756:
749:
741:
740:
732:
724:
722:9780878936953
718:
714:
707:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
677:
674:(2): 273–83.
673:
669:
665:
658:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
614:
607:
603:
601:0-7817-3639-0
597:
593:
588:
587:
578:
574:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
499:
498:corticospinal
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:basal ganglia
446:
444:
440:
439:motor neurons
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:is primarily
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
380:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
341:Brodmann area
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
208:
203:
197:
192:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
146:
145:dentate gyrus
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
67:
66:visual cortex
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
2683:Diencephalon
2674:
2612:
2599:
2577:
2564:
2542:
2528:
2475:
2461:
2443:
2413:
2391:
2383:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2222:Trompe-l'œil
2220:
2086:Lilac chaser
2056:Gravity hill
1895:
1869:
1832:
1798:
1745:
1731:Motor cortex
1712:
1690:Motor cortex
1675:
1629:
1619:Granule cell
1604:
1594:Granule cell
1579:
1526:
1517:Motor cortex
1461:Motor cortex
1451:
1441:Motor cortex
1401:Motor cortex
1391:
1363:
1344:
1327:
1314:
1297:
1284:
1271:
1250:
1233:
1198:
1183:
1131:
1097:
1095:
1060:
954:
916:
871:
794:
790:
758:
754:
748:
738:
731:
713:Neuroscience
712:
706:
671:
667:
657:
624:
620:
613:
605:
585:
577:
563:Nerve plexus
452:
436:
431:
428:unmyelinated
427:
386:In general,
385:
360:mossy fibers
353:
318:
271:
266:
254:
247:crus cerebri
238:
234:
222:
212:
174:. Ascending
157:
126:
122:white matter
77:
74:neuroanatomy
71:
2742:Hippocampus
2579:spinal cord
2232:(1864 book)
2136:Poggendorff
2111:Oppel-Kundt
2106:Necker cube
2101:Müller-Lyer
2076:Irradiation
1773:Unconscious
1719:Red nucleus
1281:Red nucleus
868:spinal cord
621:Hippocampus
553:Nerve tract
396:cell bodies
364:deep nuclei
349:spinal cord
306:red nucleus
223:commissures
219:Renaissance
172:spinal cord
129:hippocampus
110:grey matter
102:nerve tract
62:optic nerve
58:optic tract
2778:Categories
2566:cerebellum
2398:Hair cells
2229:Spectropia
2146:Rubin vase
2096:McCollough
2091:Mach bands
2041:Ehrenstein
2036:Ebbinghaus
2001:Barberpole
1976:Afterimage
1906:Cerebellum
1888:upper limb
1862:lower limb
1854:Reflex arc
1817:upper limb
1783:lower limb
1640:Hemisphere
1590:Cerebellum
1561:Cerebellar
1439:) → 5° (
1328:extension:
1298:extension:
755:Cerebellum
569:References
543:Reflex arc
356:cerebellum
298:cerebellum
272:Later, as
267:appearance
263:cerebellum
118:myelinated
106:fasciculus
2758:Subiculum
2530:inner ear
2393:inner ear
2281:Illusions
2253:The dress
2245:Waterfall
2046:Flash lag
2026:Cornsweet
2011:Café wall
1991:Ames room
1969:Illusions
1515:) → 7° (
1452:indirect:
1176:Pyramidal
876:fasciculi
467:tonically
406:. If the
392:dendrites
170:or lower
168:brainstem
153:subiculum
149:CA fields
2726:Cingulum
2614:cerebrum
2601:thalamus
2477:cerebrum
2463:thalamus
2445:midbrain
2424:Anterior
2031:Delboeuf
1981:Ambigram
1894:) → 2° (
1868:) → 2° (
1827:) → 2° (
1793:) → 2° (
1723:Thalamus
1682:Thalamus
1657:Efferent
1569:Afferent
1543:Striatum
1507:) → 6° (
1505:Thalamus
1487:) → 5° (
1479:) → 4° (
1471:) → 3° (
1467:) → 2° (
1465:Striatum
1431:) → 4° (
1429:Thalamus
1411:) → 3° (
1407:) → 2° (
1405:Striatum
1272:flexion:
1234:flexion:
1208:Anterior
1184:flexion:
1148:) → 3° (
1146:Thalamus
1140:) → 2° (
1088:) → 4° (
1084:) → 3° (
1082:Thalamus
1066:Anterior
1055:) → 2° (
1041:/lateral
978:Thalamus
823:24367324
698:18313770
649:25432455
641:10985279
527:See also
329:pyramids
310:thalamus
302:synapses
90:synapses
88:to make
2675:pathway
2522:Pathway
2506:General
2499:Balance
2384:Pathway
2352:General
2345:Hearing
2338:hearing
2334:balance
2264:Related
2191:Zöllner
2181:White's
2116:Orbison
2081:Jastrow
1711:, or →
1392:direct:
1204:Lateral
1120:/medial
1062:Lateral
883:Sensory
814:3856400
797:: 854.
689:2421012
457:in the
388:neurons
354:In the
347:of the
304:in the
176:sensory
166:to the
127:In the
112:in the
86:neurons
2762:Fornix
2428:Dorsal
2216:Op art
2171:Ternus
2151:Sander
2066:Hering
2006:Bezold
1890:→ 1° (
1864:→ 1° (
1819:→ 1° (
1785:→ 1° (
821:
811:
765:
719:
696:
686:
647:
639:
598:
424:myelin
416:myelin
412:myelin
398:. The
337:cortex
237:, and
186:Naming
147:, all
2186:Wundt
2141:Ponzo
2021:Chubb
1168:Motor
864:Brain
645:S2CID
420:lipid
410:have
408:axons
404:axons
294:Latin
286:Latin
259:Latin
251:Latin
231:Latin
215:brain
114:brain
104:, or
82:axons
54:axons
2760:) →
2544:pons
2430:) →
2415:pons
2336:and
2061:Grid
1961:list
1729:) →
1688:) →
1459:1° (
1399:1° (
1126:1° (
1118:Slow
1096:2° (
1064:and
1047:1° (
1039:Fast
1030:pain
968:) →
929:) →
891:DCML
874:and
866:and
819:PMID
763:ISBN
717:ISBN
694:PMID
637:PMID
596:ISBN
500:and
432:grey
400:axon
76:, a
2754:CA1
2750:CA3
1902:ICP
1876:SCP
1839:ICP
1825:DRG
1805:ICP
1791:DRG
1740:in
1705:SCP
1699:in
1672:SCP
1666:in
1636:ICP
1628:→
1611:MCP
1586:ICP
1503:of
1485:GPi
1469:GPe
1427:of
1409:GPi
1309:→
1144:of
1106:of
1080:of
1078:VPL
986:VPM
982:VPL
809:PMC
799:doi
684:PMC
676:doi
672:189
629:doi
443:toe
394:or
351:).
72:In
2780::
2756:→
2752:→
2740:→
2736:→
2732:→
2728:→
2724:→
2720:→
2697:→
2693:→
2590:,
2555:,
2484:→
2452:→
2434:→
2426:,
2404:→
2400:→
1904:→
1900:→
1878:→
1874:→
1841:→
1837:→
1831:→
1823:→
1807:→
1803:→
1797:→
1789:→
1750:→
1744:→
1727:VL
1721:→
1717:→
1707:→
1703:→
1686:VL
1680:→
1674:→
1670:→
1646:→
1642:→
1638:→
1634:→
1617:→
1613:→
1609:→
1603:→
1592:→
1588:→
1584:→
1578:→
1541:→
1511:→
1501:VL
1499:→
1495:→
1483:→
1475:→
1463:→
1435:→
1425:VL
1423:→
1419:→
1403:→
1362:→
1343:→
1339:→
1313:→
1283:→
1259:→
1255:→
1249:→
1245:→
1212:→
1206:,
1197:→
1193:→
1189:→
1142:MD
1136:→
1130:→
1110:)
1102:→
1076:→
1072:→
1059:→
1051:→
1009:→
1005:→
997:3°
984:,
976:→
964:,
953:→
945:2°
915:→
900:1°
870::
817:.
807:.
793:.
789:.
777:^
692:.
682:.
670:.
666:.
643:.
635:.
625:10
623:.
604:.
594:.
592:47
434:.
339:,
316:.
300:,
245:,
155:.
124:.
2764:→
2748:(
2744:/
2701:→
2664:e
2657:t
2650:v
2616::
2603::
2594:)
2586:(
2581::
2568::
2559:)
2551:(
2546::
2537:→
2532::
2479::
2470:→
2465::
2456:→
2447::
2438:→
2422:(
2417::
2408:→
2395::
2325:e
2318:t
2311:v
1963:)
1959:(
1949:e
1942:t
1935:v
1908:)
1882:)
1845:)
1811:)
1725:(
1684:(
1530::
1519:)
1491:/
1443:)
1415:/
1210:)
1202:(
1152:)
1092:)
1027:/
999::
988:)
980:(
972:/
960:(
947::
933:/
925:/
921:(
911:/
902::
856:e
849:t
842:v
825:.
801::
795:7
771:.
725:.
700:.
678::
651:.
631::
292:(
284:(
257:(
249:(
229:(
68:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
