811:
32:
188:- the architect of the gods, is amongst his vanara army; Nala has the necessary expertise of an architect, owing to a boon from his divine father. Varuna suggests that Rama construct a bridge across the ocean to Lanka, under the supervision of Nala. Nala volunteers for the task and also comments that the arrogance of the Ocean (Varuna) was tamed by Rama with a threat when love had failed. The vanaras fell mighty trees, and collect logs of wood and giant boulders and cast them in the sea. With the help of the vanara army, Nala completes the 30 miles (48 km) (ten
220:
257:
shadow plays narrate about an argument between Nala and
Hanuman. Hanuman feels insulted that Nala takes stones Hanuman fetches with the "impure" left hand and uses the "pure" right hand to place them in the ocean. Hanuman is pacified by Rama who explains him that is the tradition of workers to take
227:
In some versions, Nala is said to have the power to make stones float and, thus, easily makes the sea-bridge. In other versions, another vanara called Nila is also said to have this power and both Nala and Nila are described as builders of the bridge. The tale justifying this power states that in
199:
elaborate the event. Nala is said to have been born when
Vishwakarma embraced Nala's vanara mother and has an ejaculation. While some commentaries say that other monkeys merely collect the building material, Nala is the one who constructs the bridge; others says that the monkeys build the bridge
234:
s (holy images) worshipped by the sages in the water. As a remedy, the sages decreed that any stone thrown by them in water will not drown, thus saving the murtis. Another tale narrates as assured by Varuna, the stones dropped by Nala and Nila float, but they drift in the sea and do not form a
284:
183:
and requests him to make way. When Varuna does not appear before Rama, Rama starts shooting various weapons at the sea, which starts drying up. A terrified Varuna pleads to Rama. Though he refuses to give way, he gives Rama a solution. He tells Rama that Nala, the son of
299:
portrays Nala also in charge of creating living quarters for the army of Rama in Lanka. He creates a city of tents of gold and gems for the army; but builds a simple house of bamboo and wood and grass beds for himself.
179:(demon) king of Lanka. Rama, aided by an army of vanaras (monkeys), reached the end of land and wanted to cross over to Lanka. Rama worships the god of the ocean,
36:
Right:Nala (white monkey with blue face) and Nila (blue monkey) talking with Rama. Left: Nala and Nila directing the monkeys to place the stones in the ocean.
303:
Nala fights in the battle led by Rama against Ravana and his rakshasa army. Nala is described to be seriously wounded by the arrows shot by Ravana's son
131:
is also credited as the builder of the bridge. Nala is described as the architect of the vanaras. He is described as the son of the architect-god
314:
677:
657:
633:
614:
595:
562:
489:
425:
239:, Rama's devotee and monkey lieutenant suggests that the name of Rama be written, so they stick together; the remedy worked.
708:
395:
1477:
192:) bridge in just five days. Rama and his army pass over it and reach Lanka, where they prepare to fight Ravana.
383:
Puranic
Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
1232:
1095:
1181:
387:
31:
1418:
1383:
701:
1306:
810:
667:
647:
415:
1397:
1299:
1262:
1050:
992:
8:
1411:
1369:
1348:
1327:
972:
381:
1278:
760:
649:
Hanuman's Tale : The
Messages of a Divine Monkey: The Messages of a Divine Monkey
1362:
1320:
1285:
1186:
982:
869:
694:
673:
653:
643:
629:
610:
591:
583:
485:
421:
391:
208:
127:, the bridge of Nala. Along with Nala, another vanara who is his twin brother called
1355:
1334:
1313:
1271:
1237:
932:
800:
727:
340:
336:
246:
124:
100:
566:
1341:
1292:
1155:
1105:
864:
849:
839:
795:
326:
263:
254:
242:
213:
128:
65:
1425:
1390:
1206:
623:
1471:
1242:
1060:
917:
288:
1252:
1247:
1227:
1191:
1080:
947:
879:
1439:
1120:
1075:
1065:
1002:
907:
874:
790:
377:
344:
309:
206:
also solely credits Nala as the architect and builder of the bridge, the
202:
185:
132:
60:
1196:
1055:
952:
902:
770:
735:
332:
228:
their youth, these monkeys were very mischievous and used to throw the
135:. Nala is also described to have fought in the battle between Rama and
108:
104:
75:
1432:
1222:
1135:
1070:
942:
765:
272:
219:
116:
1376:
1165:
1160:
1130:
1110:
1017:
977:
967:
957:
927:
912:
889:
740:
718:
304:
176:
79:
1456:
1404:
1145:
1140:
1085:
1040:
1022:
1012:
962:
937:
922:
834:
829:
785:
750:
745:
236:
160:
16:
Vanara (monkey), who is credited as the engineer of the Rama Setu
854:
1150:
1125:
1115:
1045:
1007:
997:
987:
897:
844:
821:
780:
271:, says that Rama worships nine stones installed by Nala as the
189:
180:
172:
168:
164:
136:
96:
50:
283:
1201:
1032:
230:
112:
775:
755:
686:
156:
152:
120:
88:
123:
can pass over to Lanka. The bridge is also known as Nala
624:
Robert P. Goldman, Sally J. Sutherland
Goldman (2009).
258:
from the left hand and place the object by the right.
307:. Nala kills a rakshasa called Tapana in battle. The
604:
642:
582:
99:(monkey), who is credited as the engineer of the
1469:
413:
702:
473:
434:
409:
407:
376:
709:
695:
479:
404:
30:
282:
218:
142:
1470:
420:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 246.
386:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p.
372:
370:
368:
313:describes him fighting a giant called
275:deities before commencing the bridge.
690:
484:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 582.
103:, a bridge across the ocean between
588:Rama Setu: Symbol of National Unity
365:
13:
809:
14:
1489:
607:The Concise Ramayana of Valmiki
555:
546:
537:
525:
516:
507:
414:Nanditha Krishna (1 May 2014).
320:
628:. Princeton University Press.
498:
461:
452:
443:
356:
1:
672:. Penguin Books India. 2002.
605:Swami Venkatesananda (1988).
576:
278:
212:credits Nala and his brother
115:, identified with modern-day
716:
7:
652:. Oxford University Press.
10:
1494:
590:. Har-Anand Publications.
324:
200:under his directions. The
1449:
1261:
1215:
1174:
1094:
1031:
888:
820:
807:
726:
56:
46:
41:
29:
24:
350:
626:The Ramayana of Valmiki
417:Sacred Animals of India
267:, an adaptation of the
119:, so forces of the god
1478:Vanara in the Ramayana
1419:Sri Ramayana Darshanam
1384:Ramayana Kalpavruksham
814:
292:
235:continuous structure,
224:
223:Rama Setu, NASA image.
1398:Ranganatha Ramayanamu
813:
543:Venkatesananda p. 315
440:Venkatesananda p. 280
286:
222:
143:Builder of the bridge
139:, the king of Lanka.
1300:Bhanubhakta Ramayana
646:(13 December 2006).
563:"Mangi Tungi Temple"
482:Sri Ramacaritamanasa
195:Commentaries on the
1412:Saptakanda Ramayana
1370:Raghunatha Ramayana
1349:Krittivasi Ramayana
1328:Jagamohana Ramayana
973:Narantaka-Devantaka
480:Tulasīdāsa (1999).
249:adaptations of the
171:- was kidnapped by
19:Fictional character
1279:Adhyathmaramayanam
815:
293:
225:
216:for the creation.
1465:
1464:
1363:Phra Lak Phra Ram
1321:Hikayat Seri Rama
1286:Adhyatma Ramayana
679:978-0-14-302815-4
659:978-0-19-804220-4
644:Philip Lutgendorf
635:978-0-691-06663-9
616:978-0-88706-862-1
597:978-81-241-1418-6
584:Subramanian Swamy
513:Lutgendorf p. 204
504:Lutgendorf p. 143
491:978-81-208-0762-4
427:978-81-8475-182-6
209:Ramacharitamanasa
72:
71:
1485:
1356:Maharadia Lawana
1335:Kakawin Ramayana
1314:Bilanka Ramayana
1272:Adbhuta Ramayana
728:Ikshvaku dynasty
711:
704:
697:
688:
687:
683:
663:
639:
620:
601:
571:
570:
565:. Archived from
559:
553:
550:
544:
541:
535:
529:
523:
520:
514:
511:
505:
502:
496:
495:
477:
471:
465:
459:
456:
450:
447:
441:
438:
432:
431:
411:
402:
401:
374:
363:
360:
34:
22:
21:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1445:
1342:Kamba Ramayanam
1293:Ananda Ramayana
1257:
1211:
1170:
1156:Shravana Kumara
1106:Lakshmana rekha
1097:
1090:
1027:
884:
816:
805:
722:
715:
680:
666:
660:
636:
617:
598:
579:
574:
561:
560:
556:
551:
547:
542:
538:
530:
526:
521:
517:
512:
508:
503:
499:
492:
478:
474:
466:
462:
457:
453:
448:
444:
439:
435:
428:
412:
405:
398:
375:
366:
361:
357:
353:
329:
327:Rama in Jainism
323:
281:
264:Ananda Ramayana
145:
87:(Sanskrit: नल,
64:
37:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1426:Sri Ramayanamu
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1391:Ramcharitmanas
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1207:Oshadhiparvata
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
894:
892:
886:
885:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
826:
824:
818:
817:
808:
806:
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
732:
730:
724:
723:
714:
713:
706:
699:
691:
685:
684:
678:
669:Kamba Ramayana
664:
658:
640:
634:
621:
615:
609:. SUNY Press.
602:
596:
578:
575:
573:
572:
569:on 2013-10-01.
554:
552:Goldman p. 764
545:
536:
532:Kamba Ramayana
524:
515:
506:
497:
490:
472:
468:Kamba Ramayana
460:
458:Goldman p. 619
451:
449:Goldman p. 617
442:
433:
426:
403:
396:
364:
354:
352:
349:
325:Main article:
322:
319:
297:Kamba Ramayana
280:
277:
203:Kamba Ramayana
155:- the wife of
151:narrates that
144:
141:
70:
69:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1490:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1096:Other figures
1093:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:Akshayakumara
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
893:
891:
887:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
825:
823:
819:
812:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
731:
729:
725:
721:
720:
712:
707:
705:
700:
698:
693:
692:
689:
681:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
655:
651:
650:
645:
641:
637:
631:
627:
622:
618:
612:
608:
603:
599:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:
568:
564:
558:
549:
540:
533:
528:
519:
510:
501:
493:
487:
483:
476:
469:
464:
455:
446:
437:
429:
423:
419:
418:
410:
408:
399:
397:0-8426-0822-2
393:
389:
385:
384:
379:
373:
371:
369:
359:
355:
348:
346:
342:
339:and attained
338:
334:
331:According to
328:
318:
316:
312:
311:
306:
301:
298:
290:
289:Company style
285:
276:
274:
270:
266:
265:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
238:
233:
232:
221:
217:
215:
211:
210:
205:
204:
198:
193:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:: nala, lit.
90:
86:
82:
81:
77:
67:
62:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
40:
33:
28:
23:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1216:Books/Kandas
1192:Dandakaranya
1098:and concepts
1081:Rishyasringa
948:Dhanyamalini
880:Makaradhwaja
859:
717:
668:
648:
625:
606:
587:
567:the original
557:
548:
539:
531:
527:
518:
509:
500:
481:
475:
467:
463:
454:
445:
436:
416:
382:
378:Mani, Vettam
358:
335:, Nala took
330:
321:Jain Version
308:
302:
296:
294:
268:
262:
260:
250:
241:
229:
226:
207:
201:
196:
194:
159:, prince of
148:
146:
92:
84:
78:
73:
1440:Yama Zatdaw
1307:Bhaṭṭikāvya
1121:Kushadhvaja
1076:Vishvamitra
1066:Parashurama
1003:Shurpanakha
908:Kumbhakarna
791:Shrutakirti
522:Swamy p. 53
362:Swamy p. 43
345:Mangi-Tungi
337:Jain Diksha
310:Mahabharata
253:as well as
186:Vishwakarma
167:of the god
133:Vishwakarma
61:Vishwakarma
42:Information
1238:Kishkindha
1197:Kishkindha
1056:Bharadvaja
953:Lavanasura
903:Vibhishana
771:Shatrughna
736:Dasharatha
577:References
333:Jain texts
279:The battle
109:Tamil nadu
105:Rameswaram
95:), is the
76:Hindu epic
1433:Trai Bhet
1136:Maya Sita
1071:Vasishtha
1051:Arundhati
993:Sulochana
943:Mandodari
766:Lakshmana
534:pp. 287-8
273:Navagraha
117:Sri Lanka
101:Rama Setu
68:(brother)
1472:Category
1377:Ramakien
1263:Versions
1166:Shambuka
1161:Vedavati
1131:Manthara
1111:Jambavan
1061:Kambhoja
1018:Trishira
978:Prahasta
968:Mayasura
958:Malyavan
928:Kabandha
913:Indrajit
890:Rakshasa
741:Kausalya
719:Ramayana
586:(2008).
380:(1975).
305:Indrajit
269:Ramayana
255:Javanese
251:Ramayana
197:Ramayana
177:rakshasa
149:Ramayana
80:Ramayana
63:(father)
1457:Ramlila
1450:Related
1405:Reamker
1243:Sundara
1228:Ayodhya
1187:Mithila
1182:Ayodhya
1146:Shabari
1141:Sampati
1086:Valmiki
1041:Agastya
1023:Viradha
1013:Trijata
963:Maricha
938:Dushana
923:Atikaya
835:Sugriva
830:Hanuman
786:Mandavi
761:Bharata
751:Kaikeyi
746:Sumitra
315:Tundaka
247:Bengali
237:Hanuman
161:Ayodhya
74:In the
1253:Uttara
1248:Yuddha
1233:Aranya
1175:Places
1151:Shanta
1126:Jatayu
1116:Janaka
1046:Ahalya
1008:Tataka
998:Sumali
988:Subahu
983:Sarama
898:Ravana
875:Anjana
870:Kesari
845:Angada
822:Vanara
781:Urmila
676:
656:
632:
613:
594:
488:
470:p. 287
424:
394:
341:Moksha
287:Nala,
243:Telugu
190:yojana
181:Varuna
175:, the
173:Ravana
169:Vishnu
165:avatar
137:Ravana
111:) and
97:vanara
57:Family
51:Vanara
1202:Lanka
1033:Sages
933:Khara
801:Kusha
351:Notes
343:from
231:murti
113:Lanka
93:lotus
1223:Bala
865:Nila
860:Nala
855:Rumā
850:Tara
840:Vali
796:Lava
776:Sita
756:Rama
674:ISBN
654:ISBN
630:ISBN
611:ISBN
592:ISBN
486:ISBN
422:ISBN
392:ISBN
295:The
261:The
245:and
214:Nila
163:and
157:Rama
153:Sita
147:The
129:Nila
125:Setu
121:Rama
89:IAST
85:Nala
66:Nila
47:Race
25:Nala
388:519
1474::
406:^
390:.
367:^
347:.
317:.
83:,
710:e
703:t
696:v
682:.
662:.
638:.
619:.
600:.
494:.
430:.
400:.
291:.
107:(
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