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of the same age in the general population? Is an additional risk associated with that occupation? To answer the question of whether a population of miners has a higher mortality than we would expect in a similar population that is not engaged in mining, the age-specific rates for such a known population, such as all men of the same age, are applied to each age group in the population of interest. This will yield the number of deaths expected in each age group in the population of interest, if this population had had the mortality experience of the known population. Thus, for each age group, the number of deaths expected is calculated, and these numbers are totaled. The numbers of deaths that were actually observed in that population are also calculated and totaled. The ratio of the total number of deaths actually observed to the total number of deaths expected, if the population of interest had had the mortality experience of the known population, is then calculated. This ratio is called the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The SMR is defined as follows: SMR = (Observed no. of deaths per year)/(Expected no. of deaths per year).
66:. If the SMR is quoted as a ratio and is equal to 1.0, then this means the number of observed deaths equals that of expected cases. If higher than 1.0, then there is a higher number of deaths than is expected. SMR constitutes an indirect form of standardization. It has an advantage over the direct method of standardization since age-adjustment is permitted in situations where age stratification may not be available for the cohort being studied or where strata-specific data are subject to excessive
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Expected deaths would then be calculated simply by multiplying the death rates of the general population by the total number of participants in the study group at the corresponding age group and summing up all the values for each age group to arrive at the number of expected deaths. The study groups
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Mortality tables are also often used when numbers of deaths for each age-specific stratum are not available. It is also used to study mortality rate in an occupationally exposed population: Do people who work in a certain industry, such as mining or construction, have a higher mortality than people
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of 1.70 in the exposed group would mean that there is {(1.70 - 1)*100} 70% more cases of death due to bladder cancer in the cohort than in the reference population (in this case the national population, which is generally considered not to exhibit cumulative exposure to high arsenic levels).
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are weighted based on their particular distribution (for example, age), as opposed to the general populations's distribution. This is a fundamental distinction between an indirect method of standardization like SMR from direct standardization techniques.
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The standardized mortality ratio is the ratio of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population. This ratio can be expressed as a percentage simply by multiplying by 100.
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in a highly exposed group (which drinks water with a mean arsenic concentration of, say 10 mg) is compared with those in the general population. An SMR for
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Medical researchers can track disease-related deaths and shift focus and funding to address increasing or decreasing risks.
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tells how many persons, per thousand of the population, will die in a given year and what the causes of death will be.
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The age specific death rates of the general population in the same age groups of the study population
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Organizations, both non- and for-profit, can utilize such statistics to justify their missions.
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Everitt, Brian; Skrondal, Anders (2010). "Standardized mortality rate (SMR)".
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Broeck, J.; Brestoff, J. R.; Kaulfuss, C. (2013). "Statistical
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Person-Years
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companies periodically update their premiums based on the
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of a study cohort with respect to the general population.
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The requirements for calculating SMR for a cohort are:
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227:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 409.
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The SMR may well be quoted with an indication of the
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34:, the
1264:U.S.
1108:HACCP
1057:Food
949:-test
941:-test
527:Light
512:Water
132:from
124:into
62:or a
60:ratio
1040:WASH
996:List
984:List
517:Soil
262:ISBN
229:ISBN
507:Air
254:doi
128:to
40:SMR
38:or
30:In
1469::
260:.
112:.
70:.
1303:)
1299:(
947:Z
939:t
488:)
484:(
314:e
307:t
300:v
270:.
256::
237:.
20:)
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