311:
720:
479:
800:
1191:
672:
939:
527:
768:
575:
1086:
872:
3149:
56:
31:
930:. The crescent Moon is most clearly and brightly visible when the Sun is below the horizon, which implies that the Moon must be above the Sun, and the crescent must open upward. This is therefore the orientation in which the crescent Moon is most often seen from the tropics. The waxing and waning crescents look very similar. The waxing crescent appears in the western sky in the evening, and the waning crescent in the eastern sky in the morning.
624:
777:
3200:
2014:
892:(shifting toward full moon). If the right side of the Moon is dark, then the bright part is thinning, and the Moon is described as waning (past full and shifting toward new moon). Assuming that the viewer is in the Northern Hemisphere, the right side of the Moon is the part that is always waxing. (That is, if the right side is dark, the Moon is becoming darker; if the right side is lit, the Moon is getting brighter.)
156:
760:
751:
712:
703:
664:
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567:
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510:
471:
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418:
409:
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3212:
427:
81:
3188:
1235:
1018:) rely completely on this metric. The fact, however, that a year of twelve lunar months is ten or eleven days shorter than the solar year means that a lunar calendar drifts out of step with the seasons. Lunisolar calendars resolve this issue with a year of thirteen lunar months every few years, or by restarting the count at the first new (or full) moon after the
59:
34:
58:
33:
63:
62:
57:
38:
37:
32:
1159:. The Moon moves about 12 degrees around its orbit per day, so, if these observers were stationary, they would see the phases of the Moon at times that differ by about one-sixth of a day, or 4 hours. But in reality, the observers are on the surface of the rotating Earth, so someone who sees the Moon on the
64:
39:
780:
779:
1135:
and makes no allowance for the time of day at which the new moon occurred and therefore may be incorrect by several hours. (It also becomes less accurate the larger the difference between the required date and the reference date.) It is accurate enough to use in a novelty clock application showing
784:
783:
778:
1163:
at one moment sees it on the western horizon about 12 hours later. This adds an oscillation to the apparent progression of the lunar phases. They appear to occur more slowly when the Moon is high in the sky than when it is below the horizon. The Moon appears to move jerkily, and the phases do the
139:
The appearance of the Moon (its phase) gradually changes over a lunar month as the relative orbital positions of the Moon around Earth, and Earth around the Sun, shift. The visible side of the Moon is sunlit to varying extents, depending on the position of the Moon in its orbit, with the sunlit
1181:
It can be confusing that the Moon's orbital sidereal period is 27.3 days while the phases complete a cycle once every 29.5 days (synodic period). This is due to the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The Moon orbits the Earth 13.4 times a year, but only passes between the Earth and Sun 12.4 times.
785:
1154:
subtends an angle of about two degrees when seen from the Moon. This means that an observer on Earth who sees the Moon when it is close to the eastern horizon sees it from an angle that is about 2 degrees different from the line of sight of an observer who sees the Moon on the
61:
36:
789:
This video provides an illustration of how the Moon passes through its phases – a product of its orbit, which allows different parts of its surface to be illuminated by the Sun over the course of a month. The camera is locked to the Moon as Earth rapidly rotates in the
1239:
1238:
1240:
782:
318:
As seen from Earth, the Moon's eccentric orbit makes it both slightly change its apparent size, and to be seen from slightly different angles. The effect is subtle to the naked eye, from night to night, yet somewhat obvious in time-lapse photography.
854:
coincides with the circle's diameter). If the half-ellipse is convex with respect to the half-circle, then the shape will be gibbous (bulging outwards), whereas if the half-ellipse is concave with respect to the half-circle, then the shape will be a
1237:
960:, Earth (as viewed from the Moon) is almost fully lit by the Sun. Often, the dark side of the Moon is dimly illuminated by indirect sunlight reflected from Earth, but is bright enough to be easily visible from Earth. This phenomenon is called
187:
is at an angle to the Sun (as viewed from the center of the Earth) of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively. Each of these phases appears at slightly different times at different locations on Earth, and tabulated times are therefore always
1288:
can only occur when the Moon is either new (solar) or full (lunar), it must also be positioned very near the intersection of Earth's orbital plane about the Sun and the Moon's orbital plane about the Earth (that is, at one of
925:
The lunar crescent can open upward or downward, with the "horns" of the crescent pointing up or down, respectively. When the Sun appears above the Moon in the sky, the crescent opens downward; when the Moon is above the Sun,
1118:
The approximate age of the Moon, and hence the approximate phase, can be calculated for any date by calculating the number of days since a known new moon (such as 1 January 1900 or 11 August 1999) and reducing this
834:
are not interchangeable. The "old moon" is a waning sliver (which eventually becomes undetectable to the naked eye) until the moment it aligns with the Sun and begins to wax, at which point it becomes new again.
875:
The observed orientation of the Moon at different phases from different latitudes on Earth (the different orientation displayed between the phases at each latitude show merely the extremes of orientation due to
3125:
60:
35:
781:
322:
Lunar libration causes part of the back side of the Moon to be visible to a terrestrial observer some of the time. Because of this, around 59% of the Moon's surface has been imaged from the ground.
1293:). This happens about twice per year, and so there are between four and seven eclipses in a calendar year. Most of these eclipses are partial; total eclipses of the Moon or Sun are less frequent.
846:
When an illuminated hemisphere is viewed from a certain angle, the portion of the illuminated area that is visible will have a two-dimensional shape as defined by the intersection of an
899:, the Moon is observed from a perspective inverted, or rotated 180°, to that of the Northern and to all of the images in this article, so that the opposite sides appear to wax or wane.
1236:
3072:
1131:
of one from that of the other, or there are simpler formulae giving (for instance) the number of days since 31 December 1899. However, this calculation assumes a perfectly
1438:
Lunar months vary in length about the mean by up to seven hours in any given year. In 2001, the synodic months varied from 29d 19h 14m in
January to 29d 07h 11m in July.
3030:
167:. The upper part of the diagram is not to scale, as the Moon, the Earth, and the Moon's orbit are all much smaller relative to the Earth's orbit than shown here.
1256:
It might be expected that once every month, when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun during a new moon, its shadow would fall on Earth causing a
3065:
815:(the amount of illuminated surface as seen from Earth increases), the lunar phases progress through the new moon, crescent moon, first-quarter moon,
1168:. It does not have any obvious effect on the appearance of the Moon. It does however affect accurate calculations of the times of lunar phases.
1284:). Thus, when new and full moons occur, the Moon usually lies to the north or south of a direct line through the Earth and Sun. Although an
3058:
2705:
922:
from northern or southern latitudes will see the Moon rotated anti-clockwise or clockwise with respect to the images in this article.
2639:
1039:
3254:
3044:
3037:
1014:. The first crescent of the new moon provides a clear and regular marker in time and pure lunar calendars (such as the Islamic
1862:
1596:
1851:
1830:
1809:
1788:
1761:
1740:
811:
of the Earth (conjunct), the Moon is "new", and the side of the Moon facing Earth is not illuminated by the Sun. As the Moon
1096:
Each of the four intermediate phases lasts approximately seven days (7.38 days on average), but varies ±11.25% due to lunar
1248:
depends on the Moon's position in orbit around the Earth and the Earth's position in orbit around the Sun. This animation (
1684:
1661:
226:
when the shape is thinning. The duration from full moon to new moon (or new moon to full moon) varies from approximately
1536:
823:
as it passes through the gibbous moon, third-quarter moon, and crescent moon phases, before returning back to new moon.
128:
and the last quarter; the four minor phases are waxing crescent, waxing gibbous, waning gibbous, and waning crescent. A
1907:
1567:
1031:
964:, sometimes picturesquely described as "the old moon in the new moon's arms" or "the new moon in the old moon's arms".
910:
will appear horizontal during the morning and evening. Since the above descriptions of the lunar phases only apply at
1656:
1136:
lunar phase, but specialist usage taking account of lunar apogee and perigee requires a more elaborate calculation.
3249:
3103:
3088:
2510:
2496:
2662:
2655:
2632:
1942:
1572:
Origin of gibbous: 1350–1400; Middle
English <Latin gibbĹŤsus humped, equivalent to gibb(a) hump + -ĹŤsus-ous
2323:
2128:
220:
is used for an intermediate phase when the Moon's apparent shape is thickening, from new to a full moon; and
1503:
1164:
same. The amplitude of this oscillation is never more than about four hours, which is a small fraction of a
2691:
3244:
2834:
2404:
2397:
2383:
2339:
985:
888:, if the left side of the Moon is dark, then the bright part is thickening, and the Moon is described as
863:
may be apparent, where the night side of the Moon dimly reflects indirect sunlight reflected from Earth.
719:
310:
3166:
2503:
2151:
2045:
2031:
1979:
803:
Diagram of the Moon's phases: The Earth is at the center of the diagram and the Moon is shown orbiting.
17:
2346:
2314:
2728:
2588:
1880:
Six
Millennium Catalog of Phases of the Moon: Moon Phases from -1999 to +4000 (2000 BCE to 4000 CE)
1717:
799:
3051:
2682:
2556:
2296:
1986:
1963:
808:
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2226:
2000:
1956:
1900:
1799:
1385:
961:
951:
943:
915:
860:
478:
1841:
1820:
1780:
1637:
1429:
As with sunrise and sunset, there are seasonal variations in the time of moonrise and moonset.
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2648:
2618:
2330:
2261:
1730:
1301:
The phases are not caused by the Earth's shadow falling on the moon, as some people believe.
117:
89:
1879:
2961:
2947:
2765:
2714:
2268:
1402:
989:
294:
A last-quarter moon appears highest at the autumn equinox and lowest at the spring equinox.
136:
of the Moon's orbit, this duration is not perfectly constant but averages about 29.5 days.
133:
1190:
671:
298:
Non-Western cultures may use a different number of lunar phases; for example, traditional
8:
3228:
2744:
2581:
1925:
1199:
896:
885:
367:
362:
270:
164:
160:
73:
48:
1260:, but this does not happen every month. Nor is it true that during every full moon, the
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3204:
2929:
2781:
2549:
2450:
2197:
2135:
2093:
1070:
977:
184:
3111:
2871:
2570:
2535:
2528:
2022:
1893:
1847:
1826:
1805:
1784:
1773:
1757:
1736:
1406:
1334:
1261:
1195:
1023:
938:
291:
A full moon appears highest at the winter solstice and lowest at the summer solstice.
1346:
526:
3180:
3007:
2671:
2473:
2289:
2282:
2242:
2084:
2038:
2013:
1689:
1604:
1277:
1120:
1090:
1027:
1015:
907:
299:
2390:
1355: – Rise and fall of the sea level under astronomical gravitational influences
3014:
2751:
2604:
2367:
1751:
1384:
The quarter phases happen when the observer–Moon–Sun angle is 90°, also known as
1340:
1273:
1062:
1019:
911:
574:
2774:
2698:
2563:
2480:
2457:
1562:
1410:
1211:
1145:
1132:
1074:
1054:
1046:
1035:
973:
767:
149:
1325: – Unproven proposal of influence of lunar cycle on terrestrial creatures
1002:. The natural units for timekeeping used by most historical societies are the
3238:
3152:
3118:
3000:
2894:
2827:
2436:
2376:
2213:
2190:
2158:
2144:
2121:
1532:
1414:
1265:
1257:
1223:
1215:
1124:
1050:
981:
208:
113:
1557:
1085:
120:
is always facing the Earth). In common usage, the four major phases are the
3192:
2986:
2802:
2721:
2542:
2420:
2235:
2075:
1949:
1322:
183:, and last quarter (also known as third or final quarter), when the Moon's
2360:
871:
843:
refers to the extent of the Moon's cycle around the Earth, not its shape.
816:
204:
199:
phases, during which the apparent shape of the illuminated Moon is either
3095:
3079:
3021:
2993:
2979:
2954:
2795:
2466:
2204:
2183:
1970:
1464:
1389:
1328:
1316:
1207:
1127:). The difference between two dates can be calculated by subtracting the
995:
839:
is often used to mean the first- and third-quarter moons, while the term
345:
132:
is the time between successive recurrences of the same phase: due to the
129:
1331: – Time between successive new moons. (Also known as a "lunation".)
222:
216:
2908:
2487:
2413:
2353:
2307:
2249:
2068:
1290:
1128:
1007:
851:
387:
163:. Each phase would be rotated 180° if seen looking northward from the
2915:
2901:
2887:
2864:
2813:
2443:
2167:
2107:
2061:
1993:
1310:
1227:
1066:
1058:
999:
877:
623:
582:
180:
140:
portion varying from 0% (at new moon) to nearly 100% (at full moon).
125:
85:
69:
44:
1276:
around the Earth is tilted by about 5° with respect to the plane of
2922:
2880:
2857:
2735:
2100:
1753:
Exploring
Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy
1469:
1281:
1219:
1203:
1112:
1108:
1011:
957:
927:
856:
436:
380:
278:
266:
200:
176:
121:
1511:
889:
2114:
1367: – Unit of time about as long the orbital period of the Moon
1285:
1101:
919:
903:
847:
285:
155:
1111:
is the Moon's "age". Each complete cycle of phases is called a "
325:
1732:
How to
Photograph the Moon and Planets with Your Digital Camera
1097:
759:
750:
711:
702:
663:
654:
615:
606:
566:
557:
518:
509:
470:
461:
417:
408:
2788:
2611:
2429:
2052:
1364:
1165:
1151:
1057:
of twelve months, each of a fixed number of days except in a
109:
1313: – Metaphor for a rare event, or lunar calendrical term
1038:, also a lunisolar calendar, further divides the month into
207:. On average, the intermediate phases last one-quarter of a
159:
The phases of the Moon as viewed looking southward from the
2820:
2176:
1916:
1718:"A black moon is coming on July 31. Here's what that means"
1358:
1352:
1160:
1156:
946:
photograph of a crescent Moon reveals earthshine and stars.
426:
394:
Invisible (too close to Sun) except during a solar eclipse
105:
80:
3187:
1843:
Ancient
Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth
1252:) looks down on Earth from the north pole of the ecliptic.
998:
that go back to prehistoric times, at least as old as the
76:
at hourly intervals, with titles and supplemental graphics
51:
at hourly intervals, with titles and supplemental graphics
1618:
1003:
1597:"Phases of the Moon and Percent of the Moon Illuminated"
1577:
1484:
1349: – Illumination by reflected sunlight from a planet
1337: – Methods and instruments used to observe the Moon
1885:
27:
Shape of the Moon's sunlit portion as viewed from Earth
1026:
is the first recorded to have used the former method;
3164:
265:
Due to lunar motion relative to the meridian and the
148:"Waxing gibbous" redirects here. For the album, see
314:
Animation showing progression of the Moon's phases.
284:A first-quarter moon appears highest at the spring
1864:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
1772:
1655:Musgrave, Ian; Weule, Genelle (January 29, 2018).
1533:"Free Astronomy Lesson 7 - The Phases of the Moon"
1194:As the Earth revolves around the Sun, approximate
1319: – Phases of the Earth as seen from the Moon
859:. When a crescent moon occurs, the phenomenon of
3236:
1685:"Today's Full Moon is the 13th and Last of 2012"
1107:The number of days counted from the time of the
1042:that mark the waxing moon and the waning moon.
1343: – Part of planet seen to reflect sunlight
1049:was broadly a lunisolar one; on the decree of
108:'s directly sunlit portion as viewed from the
1901:
1822:Out of the Blue: A 24-Hour Skywatcher's Guide
1716:Asmelash, Leah; Allan, David (30 July 2019).
1715:
1654:
1583:
994:Archaeologists have reconstructed methods of
326:Principal and intermediate phases of the Moon
1750:Kelley, David H.; Milone, Eugene F. (2011).
1749:
1268:. Solar and lunar eclipses are not observed
1053:in the first century BCE, Rome changed to a
1030:uses the latter, despite delaying its start
1638:"Length of the Synodic Month: 2001 to 2100"
1214:approximately every six months, in which a
357:Photograph (view from Northern Hemisphere)
1908:
1894:
1860:
1624:
1490:
956:When the Moon (seen from Earth) is a thin
866:
819:moon, and full moon phases. The Moon then
1728:
1065:(slightly revised in 1582 to correct the
277:A new moon appears highest at the summer
1867:. Mill Valley: University Science Books.
1233:
1189:
1084:
937:
870:
798:
775:
386:Disc completely in Sun's shadow (lit by
309:
302:has a total of 30 phases (one per day).
154:
79:
54:
29:
1839:
1032:until the second or even third new moon
92:in California on a midsummer's morning.
14:
3237:
1818:
1779:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1770:
1465:"Is the 'full moon' merely a fallacy?"
1425:
1423:
1392:, but the difference is very slight. /
1210:relative to the Earth. This causes an
175:(primary, or major) lunar phases: the
1889:
1797:
1682:
1361: – Time unit equal to seven days
1139:
192:(calculated for the Earth's center).
143:
1861:Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, ed. (1992).
1123:29.53059 days (the mean length of a
1080:
794:
1662:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1420:
1206:) results in the revolution of the
850:and circle (in which the ellipse's
24:
1729:Buick, Tony; Pugh, Philip (2011).
1558:"Gibbous Definition & Meaning"
305:
281:and lowest at the winter solstice.
25:
3266:
3126:Lilith (hypothetical second moon)
1873:
1775:Astronomy: A Physical Perspective
1683:Plait, Phil (December 28, 2012).
1570:from the original on 2023-04-21.
1280:around the Sun (the plane of the
1176:
1171:
725:
543:Late afternoon and most of night
433:
288:and lowest at the autumn equinox.
195:Between the principal phases are
3222:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3174:
3148:
3147:
3089:Moon landing conspiracy theories
2012:
1657:"A beginner's guide to the Moon"
766:
758:
749:
718:
710:
701:
670:
662:
653:
640:Most of night and early morning
637:Right side, (100%–50%) lit disc
629:
622:
614:
605:
573:
565:
556:
537:Right side, (50%–100%) lit disc
525:
517:
508:
477:
469:
460:
425:
416:
407:
2511:Selenographic coordinate system
1676:
1648:
1630:
1589:
1539:from the original on 2023-04-14
1432:
1272:month because the plane of the
1073:that is almost exclusively the
918:, observers moving towards the
634:Left side, (100%–50%) lit disc
540:Left side, (50%–100%) lit disc
3255:Technical factors of astrology
3038:Artificial objects on the Moon
1825:. Cambridge University Press.
1550:
1525:
1496:
1457:
1395:
1378:
967:
733:Right side, (50%–0%) lit disc
592:Sunset to sunrise (all night)
441:Right side, (0%–50%) lit disc
13:
1:
2129:Total penumbral lunar eclipse
1840:Ruggles, Clive L. N. (2005).
1445:
1264:falls on the Moon, causing a
1198:of the Moon's orbital plane (
933:
730:Left side, (50%–0%) lit disc
444:Left side, (0%–50%) lit disc
104:is the apparent shape of the
3104:Moon is made of green cheese
2398:Permanently shadowed craters
1450:
1388:. This is not the same as a
1371:
1296:
1069:rule), is the basis for the
736:Pre-dawn to early afternoon
7:
1304:
1185:
685:Right side, 50.1% lit disc
489:Right side, 50.1% lit disc
72:in 2024 as viewed from the
47:in 2024 as viewed from the
10:
3271:
3031:Craters named after people
2504:Transient lunar phenomenon
2152:Solar eclipses on the Moon
1756:(2nd ed.). Springer.
1708:
1143:
971:
949:
807:When the Sun and Moon are
682:Left side, 50.1% lit disc
495:Afternoon and early night
492:Left side, 50.1% lit disc
447:Late morning to post-dusk
147:
3142:
2971:
2939:
2844:
2761:
2681:
2520:
2223:
2021:
2010:
1932:
1923:
1584:Asmelash & Allan 2019
928:the crescent opens upward
586:
384:
356:
353:
350:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
124:, the first quarter, the
116:with the Earth, the same
1915:
1771:Kutner, Marc L. (2003).
1508:Imiloa, Hilo Attractions
1077:in use worldwide today.
1040:two fourteen day periods
1034:after the solstice. The
809:aligned on the same side
3250:Observational astronomy
3052:Moon in science fiction
2557:Giant-impact hypothesis
2405:South Pole–Aitken basin
867:Orientation by latitude
688:Late night and morning
3073:futuristic exploration
2596:Late Heavy Bombardment
1253:
1231:
1093:
952:Earthlight (astronomy)
947:
881:
804:
791:
342:Average moonrise time
315:
168:
93:
77:
52:
3133:Splitting of the Moon
3045:Memorials on the Moon
2649:Lunar sample displays
2331:Peak of eternal light
1819:Naylor, John (2002).
1504:"Hawaiian Moon Names"
1243:
1204:Earth's orbital plane
1193:
1089:A crescent Moon over
1088:
941:
874:
802:
788:
588:100% illuminated disc
351:Average moonset time
348:time (highest point)
313:
158:
112:(because the Moon is
90:San Gorgonio Mountain
83:
68:The lunar phases and
67:
43:The lunar phases and
42:
1798:Lynch, Mike (2007).
1202:five degrees to the
990:History of calendars
375:Southern Hemisphere
372:Northern Hemisphere
336:Illuminated portion
2633:Lunar laser ranging
897:Southern Hemisphere
886:Northern Hemisphere
368:Southern Hemisphere
363:Northern Hemisphere
271:northern hemisphere
165:Southern Hemisphere
161:Northern Hemisphere
74:Southern Hemisphere
49:Northern Hemisphere
3245:Phases of the Moon
2782:Lunisolar calendar
2451:Lunar basalt 70017
2198:Tidal acceleration
2053:Perigee and apogee
1943:Internal structure
1804:. Voyageur Press.
1644:. 8 November 2019.
1473:. 28 February 2004
1254:
1232:
1140:Effect of parallax
1094:
1071:Gregorian calendar
978:Lunisolar calendar
948:
882:
805:
792:
316:
185:ecliptic longitude
169:
144:Phases of the Moon
94:
78:
53:
3162:
3161:
3112:Natural satellite
2571:Lunar magma ocean
2347:Volcanic features
1853:978-1-85109-477-6
1832:978-0-521-80925-2
1811:978-1-61060-511-3
1790:978-0-521-52927-3
1763:978-1-4419-7624-6
1742:978-1-4419-5828-0
1335:Lunar observation
1241:
1226:can occur at the
1218:can occur at the
1196:axial parallelism
1129:Julian day number
1081:Calculating phase
1024:Sumerian calendar
795:Waxing and waning
786:
774:
773:
179:, first quarter,
65:
40:
16:(Redirected from
3262:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2964:
2957:
2955:Meridian passage
2950:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2754:
2747:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2674:
2672:Lunar seismology
2665:
2658:
2651:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2605:Lunar meteorites
2598:
2591:
2584:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2474:Space weathering
2469:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2423:
2416:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2333:
2326:
2317:
2310:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2216:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2039:Orbital elements
2034:
2016:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1868:
1857:
1836:
1815:
1794:
1778:
1767:
1746:
1725:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1603:. Archived from
1601:aa.usno.navy.mil
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1510:. Archived from
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1461:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1418:
1417:is not constant.
1401:Their durations
1399:
1393:
1382:
1242:
1091:Kingman, Arizona
1028:Chinese calendar
908:lunar terminator
787:
770:
762:
753:
727:Waning crescent
722:
714:
705:
674:
666:
657:
626:
618:
609:
577:
569:
560:
529:
521:
512:
481:
473:
464:
429:
420:
411:
330:
329:
300:Hawaiian culture
261:
259:
258:
254:
251:
243:
241:
240:
236:
233:
211:, or 7.38 days.
66:
41:
21:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3146:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3020:
3015:Man in the Moon
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2940:Daily phenomena
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2888:Super and micro
2886:
2879:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2763:
2757:
2752:Lunar resources
2750:
2743:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2677:
2670:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2638:
2631:
2626:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2419:
2412:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2322:
2313:
2306:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1914:
1876:
1871:
1854:
1833:
1812:
1801:Texas Starwatch
1791:
1764:
1743:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1653:
1649:
1642:astropixels.com
1636:
1635:
1631:
1625:Seidelmann 1992
1623:
1619:
1610:
1608:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1517:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1491:Seidelmann 1992
1489:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1400:
1396:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1341:Planetary phase
1307:
1299:
1234:
1188:
1179:
1174:
1161:eastern horizon
1157:western horizon
1148:
1142:
1083:
1063:Julian calendar
1020:winter solstice
992:
972:Main articles:
970:
954:
936:
869:
797:
776:
763:
754:
715:
706:
667:
658:
631:Waning gibbous
619:
610:
589:
570:
561:
534:Waxing gibbous
522:
513:
474:
465:
430:
421:
412:
391:
328:
308:
306:Lunar libration
256:
252:
249:
247:
245:
238:
234:
231:
229:
227:
171:There are four
153:
146:
55:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3232:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2861:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2835:Lunar distance
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2785:
2778:
2775:Lunar calendar
2770:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2699:Apollo program
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2481:Micrometeorite
2470:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:Changesite-(Y)
2454:
2440:
2437:Wrinkle ridges
2433:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2343:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2111:
2104:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2065:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2035:
2032:Lunar distance
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1990:
1983:
1980:Magnetic field
1976:
1975:
1974:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:External links
1872:
1870:
1869:
1858:
1852:
1837:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1768:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1726:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1675:
1647:
1629:
1627:, p. 577.
1617:
1588:
1576:
1563:Dictionary.com
1549:
1524:
1495:
1493:, p. 478.
1483:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1419:
1394:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1262:Earth's shadow
1212:eclipse season
1187:
1184:
1178:
1177:Orbital period
1175:
1173:
1172:Misconceptions
1170:
1146:Lunar parallax
1144:Main article:
1141:
1138:
1133:circular orbit
1082:
1079:
1075:civil calendar
1055:solar calendar
1047:Roman calendar
1036:Hindu calendar
1016:Hijri calendar
974:Lunar calendar
969:
966:
950:Main article:
935:
932:
916:high latitudes
902:Closer to the
868:
865:
796:
793:
772:
771:
764:
757:
755:
748:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
724:
723:
716:
709:
707:
700:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
668:
661:
659:
652:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
628:
627:
620:
613:
611:
604:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
585:
579:
578:
571:
564:
562:
555:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
531:
530:
523:
516:
514:
507:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:First quarter
483:
482:
475:
468:
466:
459:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
432:
431:
424:
422:
415:
413:
406:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
385:
383:
377:
376:
373:
370:
365:
359:
358:
355:
352:
349:
343:
340:
337:
334:
327:
324:
307:
304:
296:
295:
292:
289:
282:
150:Waxing Gibbous
145:
142:
114:tidally locked
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3267:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:Double planet
3116:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:Moon illusion
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:Lunar deities
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:Lunar station
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2762:Time-telling
2760:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2215:
2214:Lunar station
2211:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:Tidal locking
2188:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2159:Eclipse cycle
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2145:Solar eclipse
2142:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:Lunar eclipse
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:Gravity field
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1607:on 2018-02-06
1606:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1514:on 2014-01-02
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1416:
1415:orbital speed
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:vary slightly
1398:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1360:
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1294:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1278:Earth's orbit
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:lunar eclipse
1263:
1259:
1258:solar eclipse
1251:
1247:
1229:
1225:
1224:lunar eclipse
1221:
1217:
1216:solar eclipse
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1183:
1169:
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1162:
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1137:
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1126:
1125:synodic month
1122:
1116:
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1103:
1099:
1092:
1087:
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1051:Julius Caesar
1048:
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1025:
1021:
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986:Intercalation
983:
982:Metonic cycle
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953:
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729:
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681:
679:Last quarter
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354:Illustration
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269:, in Earth's
268:
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225:
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212:
210:
209:synodic month
206:
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166:
162:
157:
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137:
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119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
91:
87:
82:
75:
71:
50:
46:
19:
3229:Solar System
2987:Lunar effect
2845:
2803:Nodal period
2729:Colonization
2543:Lunar theory
2236:Selenography
2076:Nodal period
1863:
1846:. ABC-CLIO.
1842:
1821:
1800:
1774:
1752:
1735:. Springer.
1731:
1721:
1694:. Retrieved
1688:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1620:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:the original
1600:
1591:
1579:
1571:
1561:
1552:
1541:. Retrieved
1527:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1507:
1498:
1486:
1475:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1434:
1409:is somewhat
1407:Moon's orbit
1405:because the
1397:
1380:
1323:Lunar effect
1300:
1274:Moon's orbit
1269:
1255:
1250:not to scale
1249:
1245:
1222:phase and a
1180:
1149:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1061:. This, the
1045:The ancient
1044:
993:
968:Timekeeping
955:
924:
901:
894:
883:
845:
840:
836:
831:
827:
825:
820:
812:
806:
321:
317:
297:
264:
221:
215:
213:
197:intermediate
196:
194:
189:
172:
170:
138:
134:eccentricity
101:
97:
95:
88:sets behind
3217:Outer space
3205:Spaceflight
3096:Moon Treaty
3080:Hollow Moon
3022:Moon rabbit
2994:Earth phase
2796:Lunar month
2683:Exploration
2627:Experiments
2529:Observation
2391:Ray systems
2256:Hemispheres
2224:Surface and
2205:Tidal range
2184:Tidal force
1987:Sodium tail
1971:Hill sphere
1390:right angle
1347:Planetshine
1329:Lunar month
1317:Earth phase
1246:lunar phase
1208:lunar nodes
996:timekeeping
944:overexposed
790:foreground.
346:Culmination
339:Visibility
333:Moon phase
130:lunar month
98:lunar phase
3239:Categories
3066:Apollo era
3008:Pareidolia
2766:navigation
2488:Sputtering
2368:Lava tubes
2290:South pole
2283:North pole
2243:Terminator
2085:Precession
2001:Earthshine
1957:Atmosphere
1950:Topography
1935:properties
1611:2018-02-12
1543:2015-12-28
1518:2013-07-08
1477:2023-05-30
1446:References
1411:elliptical
1386:quadrature
1008:solar year
962:earthshine
934:Earthshine
861:earthshine
852:major axis
826:The terms
388:earthshine
190:geocentric
118:hemisphere
102:Moon phase
70:librations
45:librations
18:Moon phase
3181:Astronomy
2814:Fortnight
2706:Explorers
2663:Apollo 17
2656:Apollo 11
2619:Volcanism
2589:Timescale
2536:Libration
2324:Mountains
2262:Near side
2168:Supermoon
2108:Full moon
2062:Libration
1994:Moonlight
1451:Citations
1413:, so its
1372:Footnotes
1311:Blue moon
1297:Mechanism
1291:its nodes
1228:full moon
1067:leap year
1059:leap year
1000:Neolithic
878:libration
837:Half moon
583:Full Moon
244:to about
214:The term
181:full moon
173:principal
126:full moon
86:full moon
3153:Category
2948:Moonrise
2881:Crescent
2821:Sennight
2736:Moonbase
2692:Missions
2361:Calderas
2269:Far side
2227:features
2115:Eclipses
2101:New moon
2046:Distance
1933:Physical
1696:June 29,
1668:June 29,
1568:Archived
1537:Archived
1470:NBC News
1305:See also
1282:ecliptic
1220:new moon
1186:Eclipses
1113:lunation
1109:new moon
1012:lunation
1010:and the
958:crescent
857:crescent
832:new moon
828:old moon
437:crescent
381:New Moon
279:solstice
267:ecliptic
246:15 days
228:13 days
201:crescent
177:new moon
122:new moon
3167:Portals
2972:Related
2962:Moonset
2745:Tourism
2722:Landing
2582:Geology
2521:Science
2377:Craters
2340:Valleys
1926:Outline
1709:Sources
1286:eclipse
1102:perigee
920:tropics
904:Equator
895:In the
884:In the
848:ellipse
841:quarter
817:gibbous
435:Waxing
286:equinox
255:⁄
237:⁄
205:gibbous
2930:Tetrad
2846:Phases
2715:Probes
2550:Origin
2497:Quakes
2430:Rilles
2421:swirls
2136:Tetrad
2094:Syzygy
1850:
1829:
1808:
1787:
1760:
1739:
1230:phase.
1200:tilted
1121:modulo
1098:apogee
1022:. The
1006:, the
988:, and
912:middle
906:, the
890:waxing
745:15:00
742:09:00
739:03:00
697:12:00
694:06:00
691:00:00
649:09:00
646:03:00
643:21:00
601:06:00
598:00:00
595:18:00
552:03:00
549:21:00
546:15:00
504:00:00
501:18:00
498:12:00
456:21:00
453:15:00
450:09:00
403:18:00
400:12:00
397:06:00
223:waning
217:waxing
3193:Stars
2909:Black
2895:Blood
2872:Names
2850:names
2789:Month
2640:ALSEP
2612:KREEP
2564:Theia
2467:Water
2444:Rocks
2354:Domes
2308:Maria
2277:Poles
2069:Nodes
2023:Orbit
1690:Slate
1365:Month
1270:every
1166:month
1152:Earth
821:wanes
813:waxes
390:only)
260:hours
242:hours
110:Earth
3059:list
2916:Dark
2902:Blue
2865:Full
2764:and
2414:Soil
2384:List
2315:List
2297:Face
2250:Limb
2177:Tide
1917:Moon
1848:ISBN
1827:ISBN
1806:ISBN
1785:ISBN
1758:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1698:2024
1670:2024
1359:Week
1353:Tide
1244:The
1150:The
1100:and
830:and
106:Moon
2923:Wet
2858:New
2848:and
1781:435
1722:CNN
1115:".
1004:day
942:An
914:or
203:or
100:or
3241::
1783:.
1720:.
1687:.
1659:.
1640:.
1599:.
1566:.
1560:.
1535:.
1506:.
1467:.
1422:^
1104:.
984:,
980:,
976:,
273::
262:.
248:14
230:22
96:A
84:A
3169::
3106:"
3102:"
1909:e
1902:t
1895:v
1882:.
1856:.
1835:.
1814:.
1793:.
1766:.
1745:.
1724:.
1700:.
1672:.
1614:.
1586:.
1546:.
1521:.
1480:.
880:)
257:2
253:1
250:+
239:2
235:1
232:+
152:.
20:)
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