229:
40:
416:
Michael broke into the
European territory of the Empire of Nicea in the spring of 1256. He pillaged Thrace near Constantinople, but the Nicene army defeated his Cuman troops. He asked his father-in-law to mediate a reconciliation between Bulgaria and Nicea in June. Theodore agreed to sign a peace
330:
on 2 June 1247. The charter of grant listed
Bulgaria among the countries against which the Hospitallers were to provide military assistance, evidencing Béla's plan to attack Bulgaria. Despite the tense relationship between Hungary and Bulgaria, Bulgarian troops assisted Vatatzes to invade the
377:, recorded that the Bulgarian-speaking local inhabitants supported Michael's invasion because they wanted to shake off the "yoke of those who spoke another language". To secure a peaceful relationship with Hungary, Michael married Anna of Macsó, who was the daughter of Béla IV's daughter,
401:, launched a counter-invasion in early 1255. When referring to the new war between Nicea and Bulgaria, Rubruck described Michael as "a mere lad whose power has been eroded" by the Mongols. Michael could not resist the invasion and the Nicene troops captured
307:, also broke into Bulgaria and occupied western Macedonia. The Bulgarians acknowledged Vatatzes's conquest in a peace treaty in late 1246 or in early 1247. The treaty also prescribed them to support Vatatzes against the
372:
Vatatzes died on 4 November 1254. Taking advantage of the absence of significant Nicene forces, Michael broke into
Macedonia and reconquered the lands lost to Vatatzes in 1246 or 1247. The Byzantine historian,
210:, Michael II Asen broke into Serbia in 1254, but he could not occupy Serbian territories. After Vatatzes died, he reconquered most territories lost to Nicea, but Vatatzes's son and successor,
341:
between 1253 and 1255, listed
Michael's realms ("Blakia—Assan's territory—and Little Bulgaria") among the countries paying tribute to the Mongols. Michael concluded an alliance with the
405:. It was only the harsh weather that prevented Theodore's army from continuing the invasion. The Nicene troops resumed their attack in the spring and occupied most fortresses in the
2455:
264:
Michael, who was only seven or eight, succeeded his half-brother. According to a scholarly theory, Michael's mother ruled
Bulgaria during his minority, but she stayed in
435:, was mortally wounded by his first cousin Kaliman, with the knowledge of certain inhabitants of , when was staying somewhere outside this town; he died immediately.
417:
treaty only after
Michael acknowledged the loss of the lands that he had claimed for Bulgaria. The treaty determined the upper course of the river
247:. He was most probably born in 1239. His father, who died in the first half of 1241, was succeeded by Michael's seven-year-old half-brother,
1967:
421:
as the border between the two countries. The peace treaty outraged many boyars (noblemen) who decided to replace
Michael with his cousin,
17:
908:
1754:(Translated by Peter Jackson, Introduction, notes, and appendices by Peter Jackson and David Morgan) (2009). The Hakluyt Society.
413:
forced
Theodore to march towards the town, but he managed to defeat the rioters before returning to Asia Minor for the winter.
2435:
1828:
1806:
1759:
1745:
1695:
1668:
2440:
378:
214:, launched a successful counter-offensive, forcing Michael to sign a peace treaty. Shortly after the treaty, discontented
700:
251:. Kaliman died unexpectedly (possibly of poisoning, according to contemporaneous rumors) in August or September 1246.
1869:
1850:
1787:
369:. According to a scholarly theory, a Hungarian attack against Bulgaria forced Michael to hastily return from Serbia.
2445:
1960:
2133:
2280:
308:
202:
invaded
Bulgaria shortly after Michael's ascension. Vatatzes captured the Bulgarian fortresses along the river
2425:
2290:
1752:
The
Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His journey to the court of the Great Khan Möngke, 1253–1255
2305:
2216:
1953:
876:
429:
Now the ruler of the Bulgarians, Michael, ... a man who nurtured a great hatred against and against the
422:
2330:
2315:
2300:
2113:
2108:
1976:
1780:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
300:
199:
2460:
2320:
2255:
2147:
1775:
1740:(Translated with and Introduction and Commentary by Ruth Macrides) (2007). Oxford University Press.
2404:
2375:
2310:
2295:
934:
588:
280:
240:
233:
191:
131:
2394:
2389:
2364:
2325:
2186:
2172:
480:
169:
425:. Kaliman and his allies attacked the Tsar who died from his wounds in late 1256 or early 1257.
2227:
2221:
1984:
1937:
1043:
382:
244:
177:
141:
1821:
The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages
1685:
1658:
2450:
2430:
2399:
2285:
2206:
1920:
362:
274:
248:
68:
319:
2260:
2181:
2093:
2083:
2078:
1660:
The Voices of Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century: The Records of a Bygone Culture
398:
211:
8:
2380:
2270:
2265:
2191:
2154:
2088:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
1993:
1927:
1799:
The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280
1155:
850:
327:
304:
268:
just three months after his coronation. According to another theory, his brother-in-law,
50:
2250:
2103:
2048:
2018:
1998:
440:
374:
342:
334:
207:
153:
2275:
2196:
2161:
2098:
2038:
2033:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1865:
1846:
1824:
1802:
1783:
1755:
1741:
1691:
1664:
406:
365:
joined the coalition, Michael launched a campaign against Serbia, reaching as far as
323:
284:
195:
2357:
2124:
2028:
1838:
410:
295:
with the support of the local inhabitants. He soon invaded the valley of the river
292:
350:
2239:
1712:
361:
Peter ruled a large territory in Bulgaria almost independently of Michael. After
78:
2341:
2233:
354:
206:; Michael of Epirus took possession of western Macedonia. In alliance with the
181:
2419:
338:
270:
2201:
2140:
1888:
1816:
402:
366:
265:
173:
121:
1862:
Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365
2245:
228:
185:
39:
2008:
1945:
1614:
346:
385:. A man and a woman depicted on an icon in the St Michael Church in
431:
386:
184:. His mother or other relative must have ruled Bulgaria during his
2350:
2043:
418:
116:
296:
288:
203:
389:
was wrongly associated with Michael and his wife (or mother).
216:
2053:
1505:
1393:
1263:
287:, invaded Bulgaria soon after Kaliman's death. He captured
165:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1522:
1520:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1369:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1315:
1313:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
331:
Thracian territories of the Latin Empire in August 1247.
1638:
1465:
1565:
1544:
1517:
1446:
1422:
1405:
1298:
1591:
1589:
1495:
1493:
1340:
1310:
1240:
1714:
Srednovekovna Bŭlgarii︠a︡ v svetlinata na novi izvori
1330:
1328:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1626:
1357:
1586:
1490:
1434:
1325:
1275:
2456:Bulgarian people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
2417:
164:1239 – December 1256/January 1257) was emperor (
1710:
1683:
1961:
299:, and occupied all fortresses in the region.
172:from 1246 to 1256 or 1257. He was the son of
1843:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1656:
1677:
1224:He is known in Bulgarian historiography as
277:, assumed the regency for the minor tsar.
1968:
1954:
1650:
27:Emperor of Bulgaria from 1246 to 1256/1257
1837:
1644:
1471:
1304:
1796:
1620:
1580:
1559:
1526:
1511:
1459:
1428:
1416:
1399:
1375:
1351:
1319:
1269:
1257:
460:Ancestors of Michael II Asen of Bulgaria
227:
1539:The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck
1388:The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck
14:
2418:
1975:
1859:
1363:
1063:
1059:
1047:
950:
830:
826:
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716:
608:
604:
592:
496:
474:
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1949:
1815:
1632:
1159:
1153:
1143:
1131:
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1117:
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1103:
1093:
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1071:
1067:
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1031:
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1009:
1005:
993:
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980:
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954:
938:
932:
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896:
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880:
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864:
848:
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734:
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612:
586:
576:
564:
554:
550:
538:
536:
526:
514:
504:
500:
484:
478:
259:
1782:. The University of Michigan Press.
1774:
1767:
1595:
1499:
1440:
1334:
1292:
24:
1729:
1690:. TRUD Publishers. pp. 164–.
25:
2472:
357:, in 1254. The treaty shows that
180:. He succeeded his half-brother,
232:A monument to Michael's father,
38:
1704:
1657:Kiril Petkov (31 August 2008).
1601:
1532:
1477:
1381:
1864:. Cambridge University Press.
1823:. Cambridge University Press.
397:Vatatzes's son and successor,
309:Latin Empire of Constantinople
13:
1:
1845:. Stanford University Press.
1717:. Nar. prosveta. p. 165.
1623:, pp. 81, 112, 221, 236.
1234:
392:
223:
220:(noblemen) murdered Michael.
161:
92:
2436:13th-century Bulgarian tsars
1797:Madgearu, Alexandru (2016).
451:
7:
2441:Murdered Bulgarian monarchs
809:Michael II Asen of Bulgaria
314:
10:
2477:
1724:
1218:
1061:
1053:
944:
828:
824:
710:
606:
598:
490:
472:
301:Michael II Komnenos Doukas
103:December 1256/January 1257
18:Michael Asen I of Bulgaria
2374:
2339:
2171:
2122:
1983:
1934:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1882:
1137:
1119:
1111:
1087:
1069:
1065:
1025:
1007:
999:
974:
956:
952:
916:
894:
886:
858:
836:
832:
790:
772:
764:
740:
722:
718:
682:
664:
656:
632:
614:
610:
570:
552:
544:
520:
502:
498:
157:
137:
127:
115:
107:
99:
88:
84:
74:
64:
56:
49:
37:
32:
1711:Vasil Gi͡uzelev (1981).
1684:Димитър Зафиров (2007).
1663:. BRILL. pp. 532–.
1212:
935:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
589:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
281:John III Doukas Vatatzes
254:
241:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
234:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
192:John III Doukas Vatatzes
132:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
2446:Medieval child monarchs
1860:Vásáry, István (2005).
481:Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria
239:Michael was the son of
1541:(Epilogue 2.), p. 277.
1044:Irene Komnene Doukaina
449:
383:Rostislav Mikhailovich
245:Irene Komnene Doukaina
236:
178:Irene Komnene Doukaina
142:Irene Komnene Doukaina
44:Portrait, 14th century
2378:(1878–1908) and
427:
231:
1736:George Akropolites:
1687:История на българите
1607:George Akropolites:
1483:George Akropolites:
1272:, pp. 225, 229.
991:13. Zoe Doukaina (?)
399:Theodore II Laskaris
349:in Croatia) against
212:Theodore II Laskaris
200:Michael II of Epirus
2426:13th-century births
2340:Rebels against the
2123:Rebels against the
1928:Emperor of Bulgaria
1514:, pp. 240–241.
1402:, pp. 233–234.
1378:, pp. 238–239.
1156:Maria Petraliphaina
877:John Angelos Doukas
851:Constantine Angelos
381:, and her husband,
328:Knights Hospitaller
51:Emperor of Bulgaria
2281:Theodore Svetoslav
1977:Bulgarian monarchs
1611:(ch. 73.), p. 334.
1487:(ch. 54.), p. 283.
1228:(Михаил II Асен).
441:George Akropolites
375:George Akropolites
343:Republic of Ragusa
337:, who visited the
335:William of Rubruck
320:Béla IV of Hungary
260:Territorial losses
237:
208:Republic of Ragusa
2413:
2412:
2383:(1908–1946)
2234:Constantine I Tih
2175:(1185–1422)
2162:Constantine Bodin
1944:
1943:
1935:Succeeded by
1839:Treadgold, Warren
1830:978-0-521-13089-9
1808:978-9-004-32501-2
1768:Secondary sources
1760:978-0-87220-981-7
1746:978-0-19-921067-1
1697:978-954-528-752-7
1670:978-90-04-16831-2
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
409:. A rebellion at
407:Rhodope Mountains
324:Banate of Severin
285:Emperor of Nicaea
196:Emperor of Nicaea
147:
146:
16:(Redirected from
2468:
2461:Sons of emperors
2358:Ivan Shishman II
2291:Michael Asen III
2286:George Terter II
1987:(680–1018)
1970:
1963:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1918:Preceded by
1908:
1901:
1884:Michael II Asen
1880:
1879:
1875:
1856:
1834:
1817:Nicol, Donald M.
1812:
1793:
1776:Fine, John V. A.
1719:
1718:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1654:
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1636:
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1373:
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1349:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1222:
909:Theodora Komnene
466:
465:
457:
456:
447:
163:
159:
94:
42:
30:
29:
21:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2379:
2370:
2335:
2306:Michael Asen IV
2261:George Terter I
2246:Michael Asen II
2240:Jacob Svetoslav
2217:Kaliman Asen II
2167:
2118:
1979:
1974:
1940:
1938:Kaliman Asen II
1931:
1923:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1853:
1831:
1809:
1790:
1770:
1765:
1732:
1730:Primary sources
1727:
1722:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
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1341:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1226:Michael II Asen
1219:
1215:
1210:
454:
448:
439:
395:
363:Radoslav of Hum
317:
262:
257:
226:
150:Michael II Asen
79:Kaliman Asen II
45:
33:Michael II Asen
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2474:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
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2392:
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2384:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2331:Constantine II
2328:
2323:
2318:
2316:Ivan Sratsimir
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:Ivan Alexander
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2212:Michael Asen I
2209:
2207:Kaliman Asen I
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2114:Ivan Vladislav
2111:
2109:Gavril Radomir
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1924:
1921:Kaliman Asen I
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:Regnal titles
1910:
1909:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1870:
1857:
1851:
1835:
1829:
1813:
1807:
1794:
1788:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1749:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1703:
1696:
1676:
1669:
1649:
1647:, p. 660.
1645:Treadgold 1997
1637:
1635:, p. 252.
1625:
1613:
1600:
1598:, p. 170.
1585:
1583:, p. 243.
1564:
1562:, p. 242.
1543:
1531:
1529:, p. 241.
1516:
1504:
1502:, p. 159.
1489:
1476:
1474:, p. 730.
1472:Treadgold 1997
1464:
1462:, p. 240.
1445:
1443:, p. 201.
1433:
1431:, p. 245.
1421:
1419:, p. 239.
1404:
1392:
1390:(1.5.), p. 66.
1380:
1368:
1366:, p. 146.
1356:
1354:, p. 238.
1339:
1337:, p. 157.
1324:
1322:, p. 237.
1309:
1307:, p. 728.
1305:Treadgold 1997
1297:
1295:, p. 156.
1274:
1262:
1260:, p. 236.
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
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1190:
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1130:
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1126:
1123:
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1120:
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1083:
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1080:
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1076:
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1072:
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1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
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1008:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
989:
986:
985:
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981:
979:
976:
975:
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967:
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949:
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859:
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854:
853:
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469:
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455:
453:
450:
437:
394:
391:
355:King of Serbia
316:
313:
261:
258:
256:
253:
225:
222:
182:Kaliman I Asen
158:Михаил II Асен
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
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119:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
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97:
96:
90:
86:
85:
82:
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76:
72:
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69:Kaliman Asen I
66:
62:
61:
60:1246–1256/1257
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2473:
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2321:Ivan Shishman
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2256:Ivan Asen III
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2173:Second Empire
2170:
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2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
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1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1964:
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1932:1246–1256/57
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1871:0-521-83756-1
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1852:0-8047-2630-2
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1789:0-472-08260-4
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1621:Madgearu 2016
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1581:Madgearu 2016
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1560:Madgearu 2016
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1460:Madgearu 2016
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1429:Madgearu 2016
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1417:Madgearu 2016
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1400:Madgearu 2016
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1352:Madgearu 2016
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701:Elena-Evgenia
696:
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561:
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541:
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390:
388:
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376:
370:
368:
364:
360:
359:Sevastokrator
356:
352:
351:Stefan Uroš I
348:
344:
340:
339:Mongol Empire
336:
332:
329:
325:
321:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
276:
273:
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271:Sevastokrator
267:
252:
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197:
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167:
155:
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136:
133:
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126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:Anna of Macsó
110:
106:
102:
98:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2451:Asen dynasty
2431:1250s deaths
2376:Principality
2365:Rostislav II
2363:
2356:
2349:
2311:Ivan Asen IV
2296:Ivan Stephen
2238:
2226:
2211:
2202:Ivan Asen II
2160:
2153:
2146:
2141:Petar Delyan
2139:
2132:
1985:First Empire
1926:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:Asen dynasty
1887:
1861:
1842:
1820:
1798:
1779:
1751:
1737:
1713:
1706:
1686:
1679:
1659:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1608:
1603:
1538:
1534:
1507:
1484:
1479:
1467:
1436:
1424:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1300:
1265:
1225:
1220:
808:
444:
430:
428:
423:Kaliman Asen
415:
403:Stara Zagora
396:
371:
367:Bijelo Polje
358:
333:
322:granted the
318:
279:
269:
266:Thessaloniki
263:
238:
215:
190:
174:Ivan Asen II
149:
148:
122:Asen dynasty
2395:Ferdinand I
2390:Alexander I
2326:Ivan Asen V
2228:Rostislav I
2187:Ivan Asen I
1738:The History
1609:The History
1485:The History
1364:Vásáry 2005
445:The History
303:, ruler of
291:and seized
65:Predecessor
2420:Categories
2222:Mitso Asen
2134:Presian II
2125:Byzantines
1633:Nicol 1984
1235:References
393:Last years
224:Early life
2405:Simeon II
2400:Boris III
2069:Presian I
2009:Kormisosh
1907:1256/1257
1801:. BRILL.
1596:Fine 1994
1500:Fine 1994
1441:Fine 1994
1335:Fine 1994
1293:Fine 1994
452:Ancestors
347:Dubrovnik
154:Bulgarian
75:Successor
2342:Ottomans
2182:Peter II
2094:Boris II
2084:Simeon I
2079:Vladimir
1841:(1997).
1819:(1984).
1778:(1994).
438:—
387:Kastoria
315:New wars
186:minority
170:Bulgaria
2381:Kingdom
2351:Fruzhin
2271:Ivan II
2266:Smilets
2192:Kaloyan
2155:Alusian
2148:Tihomir
2089:Peter I
2074:Boris I
2064:Malamir
2059:Omurtag
2044:Telerig
1994:Asparuh
1725:Sources
419:Maritsa
326:to the
249:Kaliman
2251:Ivaylo
2104:Samuel
2049:Kardam
2019:Telets
1999:Tervel
1903:
1868:
1849:
1827:
1805:
1786:
1758:
1744:
1694:
1667:
432:Romans
411:Melnik
305:Epirus
297:Vardar
293:Melnik
289:Serres
217:boyars
204:Vardar
198:, and
138:Mother
128:Father
108:Spouse
2276:Chaka
2197:Boril
2099:Roman
2039:Pagan
2034:Toktu
2024:Sabin
2014:Vineh
2004:Sevar
1905:Died:
1895:Born:
1213:Notes
345:(now
275:Peter
255:Reign
168:) of
117:House
57:Reign
2054:Krum
2029:Umor
1900:1239
1866:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1803:ISBN
1784:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1665:ISBN
907:25.
875:12.
849:24.
379:Anna
243:and
176:and
166:tsar
100:Died
95:1239
89:Born
1154:7.
1042:3.
933:6.
807:1.
699:5.
587:2.
479:4.
2422::
1898:c.
1588:^
1567:^
1546:^
1519:^
1492:^
1448:^
1407:^
1342:^
1327:^
1312:^
1277:^
1242:^
443::
353:,
311:.
283:,
194:,
188:.
162:c.
160:;
156::
93:c.
1969:e
1962:t
1955:v
1874:.
1855:.
1833:.
1811:.
1792:.
1762:.
1748:.
1700:.
1673:.
152:(
20:)
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