House of Medici - Knowledge

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by delivering myself into their hands, be the means of restoring peace to our fellow-citizens. As I have had more honour and responsibility among you than any private citizen has had in our day, I am more bound than any other person to serve our country, even at the risk of my life. With this intention I now go. Perhaps God wills that this war, which began in the blood of my brother and of myself, should be ended by any means. My desire is that by my life or my death, my misfortune or my prosperity, I may contribute to the welfare of our city... I go full of hope, praying to God to give me grace to perform what every citizen should at all times be ready to perform for his country.

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triangular version of the Medici emblem). This particular influence offers an explanation for the red hue of the Medici balls, the colour of the terracotta sculpture. It would also have reflected the family's interest in Etruscan art and culture. In addition, the notion of Etruscan votive sculpture would have chimed with the participation of the Medici in the religious custom of offering up votive statues, a practice that recalled the ancient Etruscan convention of donating sculptures in the hope of, or gratitude for, divine favour. Such favours would have included the wish for a strong and healthy family, both for the supplicant and their descendants.

16497: 16509: 16557: 16569: 16351: 16305: 16545: 18725: 16521: 885:(civic government) led by Tommaso Soderini, Oddo Altoviti and Lucca Pitti was elected and Cosimo returned. The Medici became the city's leading family, a position they would hold for the next three centuries. Florence remained a republic until 1537, traditionally marking the end of the High Renaissance in Florence, but the instruments of republican government were firmly under the control of the Medici and their allies, save during intervals after 1494 and 1527. Cosimo and Lorenzo rarely held official posts but were the unquestioned leaders. 16010: 1709:, as the Tuscan heir. By 1722, the electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Grand Duke Cosimo disseminated a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany stay independent: Anna Maria Luisa would succeed uninhibited to Tuscany after Gian Gastone, and the grand duke reserved the right to choose his successor. However, these portions of his proclamation were completely ignored, and he died a few days later. 16533: 15855: 1440: 15987: 16033: 15888: 6439: 5332: 4567: 4238: 4215: 4198: 4018: 4003: 3950: 3903: 62: 15946: 1845: 16093: 977: 1621: 16142: 1942:(February 7, 1497). The following year, on 23 May 1498, Savonarola and two young supporters were burned at the stake in the Piazza della Signoria, the same location as his bonfire. In addition to commissions for art and architecture, the Medici were prolific collectors and today their acquisitions form the core of the Uffizi museum in Florence. In architecture, the Medici were responsible for some notable features of Florence, including the 15917: 1280: 1161: 1566:(the last time Medicean Tuscany proper was involved in a conflict) and inflicted a defeat on the forces of Pope Urban VIII in 1643. The war effort was costly and the treasury so empty because of it that when the Castro mercenaries were paid for, the state could no longer afford to pay interest on government bonds, with the result that the interest rate was lowered by 0.75%. At that time, the economy was so decrepit that 16414: 1919: 19783: 823: 1690:. Upon the death of his first son, Cosimo contemplated restoring the Florentine republic, either upon Anna Maria Luisa's death, or on his own, if he predeceased her. The restoration of the republic would entail resigning Siena to the Holy Roman Empire, but, regardless, it was vehemently endorsed by his government. Europe largely ignored Cosimo's plan. Only Great Britain and the 812: 1466:, was also pro-Medici. Ferdinando's pro-papal foreign policy, however, had drawbacks. Tuscany was overrun with religious orders, not all of whom were obliged to pay taxes. Ferdinando died in 1609, leaving an affluent realm; his inaction in international affairs, however, would have long-reaching consequences down the line. 1677:

The Medici lacked male heirs, and by 1705, the grand ducal treasury was virtually bankrupt. In comparison to the 17th century, the population of Florence declined by 50%, and the population of the grand duchy as a whole declined by an estimated 40%. Cosimo desperately tried to reach a settlement with

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Medici and Tuscan state property, are thought to have been wealthier than their ancestor, Cosimo de' Medici, the founder of the dynasty. The Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit the state's mineral and salt resources, and the fortunes of the Medici were directly tied to the Tuscan economy.

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In the dangerous circumstances in which our city is placed, the time for deliberation is past. Action must be taken... I have decided, with your approval, to sail for Naples immediately, believing that as I am the person against whom the activities of our enemies are chiefly directed, I may, perhaps,

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that typically are grown in Italy. Although knowledge of vitamins did not exist at the time, the benefit of oranges for certain diseases was recognized and their association with recommendations by medical doctors suggests to Ruggiero that this likely is the imagery intended in the coats of arms for

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The Medici Bank, from when it was created in 1397 to its fall in 1494, was one of the most prosperous and respected institutions in Europe, and the Medici family was considered the wealthiest in Europe for a time. From this base, they acquired political power initially in Florence and later in wider

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In 1534, following a lengthy illness, Pope Clement VII died—and with him the stability of the Medici's "senior" branch. In 1535, Ippolito Cardinal de' Medici died under mysterious circumstances. In 1536, Alessandro de' Medici married Charles V's daughter, Margaret of Austria; however, the following

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Alternatively, it has been suggested that the Medici coat of arms was initially inspired by symbols drawn from Etruscan votive sculpture, examples of which feature an oval dome with balls (echoing the forms of the Medici shield), as well as six balls within a triangle (as found in the alternative,

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As an Italian vocabulary word, "medici" means "medical doctors" and identifications with the family members as physicians may be found among their names as early as the eleventh century. Fanciful stories depict the images as pills or cupping glasses, a late-medieval medical instrument used to draw

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The origin of the Medici coat of arms is not recorded. One unproven story traces their ancestry to a knight of Charlemagne's, Averardo, who defeated a giant, Mugello. In reward, Charlemagne is said to have rewarded Averardo with the shield mauled by the giant, with the dents in the shape of balls,

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art and architecture. The Medici were responsible for a high proportion of the major Florentine works of art created during their period of rule. Their support was critical, since artists generally began work on their projects only after they had received commissions. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici,

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Despite all of these incentives for economic growth and prosperity, the population of Florence at the dawn of the 17th century was a mere 75,000, far smaller than the other capitals of Italy (i.e., Rome, Milan, Venice, Palermo, and Naples). Francesco and Ferdinando, due to lax distinction between

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that pained his foot and led to his death. Unlike his father, Piero had little interest in the arts. Due to his illness, he mostly stayed at home bedridden, and therefore did little to further the Medici control of Florence while in power. As such, Medici rule stagnated until the next generation,

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The simplest, though also unproven, theory suggests that the balls represented coins copied from the coat of arms of the Guild of Moneychangers (Arte del Cambio) to which the Medici belonged. That shield was red strewn with Byzantine coins (bezants). The number of balls also varied with time, as

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by organising banquets. His conduct at the banquets was less than regal; he often vomited repeatedly into his napkin, belched, and regaled those present with socially inappropriate jokes. Following a sprained ankle in 1731, he remained confined to his bed for the rest of his life. The bed, often

1034:(1449–1492), called "the Magnificent", was more capable of leading and ruling a city, but he neglected the family banking business, which led to its ultimate ruin. To ensure the continuance of his family's success, Lorenzo planned his children's future careers for them. He groomed the headstrong 1716:; while she abhorred her brother's liberal policies, he repealed all of his father's anti-Semitic statutes. Gian Gastone revelled in upsetting her. On 25 October 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. The 1085:

to a degree. The conspirators approached Sixtus IV in the hopes of gaining his approval, as he and the Medici had a long rivalry themselves, but the pope gave no official sanction to the plan. Despite his refusal of official approval, the pope nonetheless allowed the plot to proceed without

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and by Cosimo I 'de Medici in the early 16th century. Historians have found no proof of an actual connection between the Medici of Milan and the Medici of Florence, but this belief was widespread during the life of Pius IV and the Medici of Florence allowed the Medici of Milan to use their

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without abolishing it altogether. These three members of the Medici family had great skills in the management of so "restive and independent a city" as Florence. When Lorenzo died in 1492, however, his son Piero proved quite incapable of responding successfully to challenges caused by the

955:(1320–1363), increased the wealth of the family through his creation of the Medici Bank, and became one of the richest men in the city of Florence. Although he never held any political office, he gained strong popular support for the family through his support for the introduction of a 16472: 1130:, in 1537. This century-long rule was interrupted only on two occasions (between 1494–1512 and 1527–1530), when anti-Medici factions took control of Florence. Following the assassination of Duke Alessandro, power passed to the "junior" Medici branch—those descended from 1780:

The electress donated much of her fortune to charity: £4,000 a month. On 19 February 1743, she died, and the grand ducal line of the House of Medici died with her. The Florentines grieved her, and she was interred in the crypt that she helped to complete, San Lorenzo.

1911:(1475–1564), who produced work for a number of family members, beginning with Lorenzo the Magnificent, who was said to be extremely fond of the young Michelangelo and invited him to study the family collection of antique sculpture. Lorenzo also served as patron to 1815:

dynasty. The first grand duke of the new dynasty, Francis I, was a great-great-great-grandson of Francesco I de' Medici, thus he continued the Medicean Dynasty on the throne of Tuscany through the female line. The Habsburgs were deposed in favor of the

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in the dyeing of certain cloths and was used extensively in Florence, where the main industry was textile manufacturing. Before the Medici, the Turks were the only exporters of alum, so Europe was forced to buy from them until the discovery in Tolfa.

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for the Grand Duke and his family in 1691, despite the fact that they had no claim to any kingdom. Cosimo frequently paid the Holy Roman Emperor, his nominal feudal overlord, exorbitant dues, and he sent munitions to the emperor during the

18102:(Oxford University Press 2003) a detailed account of the Pazzi Conspiracy, the players, the politics of the day, and the fallout of the assassination plot. Though accurate in historic details, Martines writes with an anti-Medici tone. 939:

revolt of 1378–82, and one Antonio de' Medici was exiled from Florence in 1396. Involvement in another plot in 1400 caused all branches of the family to be banned from Florentine politics for twenty years, with the exception of two.

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blood. Pills did not exist until much later and bloodletting was not a common practice at the time of the first Medici coat of arms. Art historian Rocky Ruggiero suggests plausibly however, that the images may represent whole ripe

6308: 17056: 881:. The Medici controlled the Medici Bank—then Europe's largest bank—and an array of other enterprises in Florence and elsewhere. In 1433, the Albizzi managed to have Cosimo exiled. The next year, however, a pro-Medici 6336: 6003: 5974: 6282: 6295: 1149:

and continued to flourish for centuries afterward as Dukes of Florence and Tuscany. At least half, probably more, of Florence's people were employed by the Medici and their foundational branches in business.

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Cosimo's elder son, Ferdinando, was not yet of legal maturity to succeed him, thus Maria Maddalena and his grandmother, Christina of Lorraine, acted as regents. Their collective regency is known as the

3334: 5703: 16204:, Brother of Cosimo de' Medici; also great-grandson of Lorenzo the Magnificent through his mother, Maria Salviati, and his grandmother, Lucrezia de' Medici. 1569, he was made Grand Duke of Tuscany. 3313: 3300: 432: 17823: 4817: 2842: 5283: 19393: 5069: 4852: 4797: 4784: 3961: 1094:. Lorenzo's son Piero II took over as the head of Florence after Lorenzo's death. The Medici were expelled from Florence from 1494 to 1512 after Piero acceded to all of the demands of invader 17808: 17774: 17496: 4836: 4768: 4738: 4509: 4249: 1915:(1452–1519) for seven years. Indeed, Lorenzo was an artist in his own right and an author of poetry and song; his support of the arts and letters is seen as a high point in Medici patronage. 18594: 17679: 17646: 13848: 6141: 5987: 5659: 5514: 5311: 5009: 3652: 3393: 2890: 17836: 5823: 18653: 17791: 6154: 5251: 5099: 5048: 5035: 5022: 4753: 4037: 896:: several families had systematic access to the rest of the elite families only through the Medici, perhaps similar to banking relationships. Some examples of these families include the 17708: 17613: 14066: 5961: 5644: 5529: 5467: 5296: 5086: 4548: 4522: 4468: 5836: 5672: 18784: 17766: 17698: 17638: 17634: 16996: 6125: 5266: 16457: 5810: 5497: 19017: 17712: 17667: 4535: 3378: 2875: 1585:, the Medici's necropolis. At the time of his death, the population of the grand duchy was 730,594; the streets were lined with grass and the buildings on the verge of collapse in 1458:

Ferdinando, although no longer a cardinal, exercised much influence at successive conclaves. In 1605, Ferdinando succeeded in getting his candidate, Alessandro de' Medici, elected

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by the Prince de Craon until the new grand duke could peregrinate to Tuscany, but declined. Upon her brother's death, she received all the House of Medici's allodial possessions.

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Leo X's fun-loving pontificate bankrupted Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts. From Leo's election as pope in 1513 to his death in 1521, Florence was overseen, in turn, by

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The exile of the Medici lasted until 1512, after which the "senior" branch of the family—those descended from Cosimo the Elder—were able to rule until the assassination of

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Ferdinando eagerly assumed the government of Tuscany. He commanded the draining of the Tuscan marshlands, built a road network in southern Tuscany and cultivated trade in

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Three successive generations of the Medici—Cosimo, Piero, and Lorenzo—ruled over Florence through the greater part of the 15th century. They clearly dominated Florentine

18955: 18879: 18864: 18849: 4280: 3359: 6433: 4561: 2020:, who tutored multiple generations of Medici children and was an important figurehead for his patron's quest for power. Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by 18869: 4232: 4209: 4012: 3982: 3942: 3686: 3104: 2693: 846:, went bankrupt, and the city of Siena lost its status as the banking centre of Italy to Florence. Until the late 14th century, the leading family of Florence was the 17650: 1765:

The "Lorrainers", as the occupying forces were called, were popularly loathed, but the regent, the Prince de Craon, allowed the electress to live unperturbed in the

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rose to prominence, warning Florentines against excessive luxury. Under Savonarola's fanatical leadership many great works were "voluntarily" destroyed in the

1532:. In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the Grand Duchy, a law later overturned, but resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson, 18804: 3705: 3670: 16945: 1274:. Clement also convinced Charles V to name Alessandro as Duke of Florence. Thus began the reign of Medici monarchs in Florence, which lasted two centuries. 17977:

Scopacasa, Rafael (2015). "Moulding Cultural Change: A Contextual Approach to Anatomical Votive Terracottas in Central Italy, Fourth-Second Centuries BC".

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This extract shows the branch that gave rise to the celebrated branch of the Medici descending from Giovanni "di Bicci", who founded the Medici fortunes:

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for crimes done in the service of the church. After this, Lorenzo adopted his brother's illegitimate son Giulio de' Medici (1478–1535), the future Pope

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Grand Duke Ferdinado was obsessed with new technology, and had a variety of hygrometers, barometers, thermometers, and telescopes installed in the

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Later, in Rome, the Medici popes continued in the family tradition of patronizing artists in Rome. Pope Leo X would chiefly commission works from

19817: 18045:, (Simon and Schuster 2008) is a vividly colorful biography of this true "renaissance man", the uncrowned ruler of Florence during its golden age 17222:

Austria and Spain were ruled by the House of Habsburg; the two are interchangeable terms for the Habsburg domains in the time period in question.

16544: 16356: 15069: 1533: 628: 17092:. A Norton Critical Edition. Translated and edited by Rober M. Adams. New York. W.W. Norton and Company, 1977. p. viii (Historical Introduction) 16496: 16327: 1077:

families, both rival banking families seeking to end the influence of the Medici, as well as the priest presiding over the church services, the

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Clement VII's tumultuous pontificate was dominated by a rapid succession of political crises—many long in the making—that resulted in the

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during Easter services; the assassination attempt ended with the death of Giuliano and an injured Lorenzo. The conspiracy involved the

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Cousin of Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici, illegitimate son of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino or Pope Clement VII. Acting

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This is the branch of Cosimo's brother, Lorenzo, called the "Popolano" Branch, which gave rise to the Grand-Dukes of Tuscany:

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accused Galileo of heresy. However, the Medici family did afford the scientist a safe haven for many years. Galileo named the

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with the intention of establishing a Tuscan colony, an enterprise that brought no result for permanent colonial acquisitions.

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Here seen sliced in half, an art historian suggests that whole blood oranges could be the imagery in the Medici coats of arms

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Another outstanding figure of the 16th-century Medici family was Cosimo I, who rose from relatively modest beginnings in the

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Severing the Neck of Pride: Donatello's "Judith and Holofernes" and the Recollection of Albizzi Shame in Medicean Florence

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the European powers, but Tuscany's legal status was very complicated: the area of the grand duchy formerly comprising the

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The Medicis' wealth and influence was initially derived from the textile trade guided by the wool guild of Florence, the

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Although none of the Medici themselves were scientists, the family is well known to have been the patrons of the famous

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Ferdinando's marriage to Vittoria della Rovere produced two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and

1480:, reigned for less than 12 years. He married Maria Maddalena of Austria, with whom he had his eight children, including 1473:. Louis repudiated her pro-Habsburg policy in 1617. She lived the rest of her life deprived of any political influence. 1023:(1416–1469), Cosimo's son, was only in power for five years (1464–1469). He was called "Piero the Gouty" because of the 19429: 19257: 18177: 16532: 16175: 16077: 16015: 14046: 13804: 13795: 10418: 1744:

was made heir in his stead. In January 1737, the Spanish troops withdrew from Tuscany, and were replaced by Austrians.

1489: 1145:. The family's influence grew with its patronage of wealth, art, and culture. Ultimately, it reached its zenith in the 201: 1411:

on their portion of the island of Elba. To strengthen the new Franco-Tuscan alliance, he married his niece, Marie, to

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along the major roads (silk worms feed on mulberry leaves). In foreign affairs, he shifted Tuscany away from Habsburg

584:. This bank was the largest in Europe during the 15th century and facilitated the Medicis' rise to political power in 19683: 19643: 19489: 19052: 18564: 18080: 18031: 17558: 17165: 17113: 17066: 16835: 16405: 16166: 16003:

Brother of Piero the Unfortunate, second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Elected to the Papacy, becoming Pope Leo X.

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all the personal property of the Medici to the Tuscan state, provided that nothing was ever removed from Florence.

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The name in Italian is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable /ˈmɛ .di.tʃi/ and not on the second vowel.

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shown below. It has also been argued that these coins referenced the three coins or golden balls associated with

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Gian Gastone died on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. Anna Maria Luisa was offered a nominal

1308:. This led to the transfer of Medici blood, through Catherine's daughters, to the royal family of Spain through 1141:

Cosimo the Elder and his father started the Medici foundations in banking and manufacturing—including a form of

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granted the Medici family a monopoly on the mining there, making them the primary producers of alum in Europe.

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after territorial expansion. The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy from its inception until 1737, with the death of

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After securing Alessandro de' Medici's dukedom, Pope Clement VII married off his first cousin, twice removed,

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Brother of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

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north of Florence, and they are first mentioned in a document of 1230. The origin of the name is uncertain.

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Members of the family rose to some prominence in the early 14th century in the wool trade, especially with

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after four Medici children he tutored, although the names Galileo used are not the names currently used.

1512:. Maria Maddelana's temperament was analogous to Christina's, and together they aligned Tuscany with the 1485: 19592: 15881:

who was not as prominently involved in Florentine politics, rather more involved in the financial area.

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and Marie de' Medici. An exceedingly discontented pairing, this union produced three children, notably

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Medici Family Tree, featuring portraits and bios of key members of the Medici Dynasty, 1400–1737

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Cousin of Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours.

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of 1478 was an attempt to depose the Medici family by killing Lorenzo with his younger brother

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On 4 April 1718, Great Britain, France and the Dutch Republic (also later, Austria) selected

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was provided with a sumptuous dowry to make a politically advantageous marriage to a son of

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Cosimo I de' Medici as Collector: Antiquities and Archaeology in Sixteenth-century Florence

15860: 14769: 14277: 14022: 13243: 13234: 12343: 12142: 11596: 11585: 11576: 11567: 9266: 9162: 8360: 1998: 1888: 1698: 1683: 1470: 960: 882: 874: 855: 830: 569: 565: 243: 91: 20144: 588:, although they officially remained citizens rather than monarchs until the 16th century. 8: 20477: 19896: 19734: 19673: 19471: 19447: 19355: 19309: 18495: 18147: 18121: 18015: 15973: 14006: 12386: 12072: 11838: 11807: 11607: 9693: 8766: 8749: 3916: 2366: 1990: 1935: 1825: 1801: 1789: 1721: 1381: 1309: 1301: 1247: 1225: 1171: 760: 653: 612: 427: 278: 217: 19744: 16910: 16049:

Nephew of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, son of Piero the Unfortunate. Father of

1364:

and based the Tuscan navy there. He died in 1574, succeeded by his eldest surviving son

20385: 20279: 20234: 20194: 20174: 20006: 19996: 19971: 19876: 19871: 19866: 19648: 19612: 19602: 19581: 19477: 19435: 19360: 18981: 18602: 18048: 17994: 16976: 16968: 16781: 16585: 14015: 12325: 11825: 11816: 11798: 11183: 10931: 9675: 9253: 1994: 1821: 1648: 1423:

was the incumbent Queen consort). Ferdinando also sponsored a Tuscan expedition to the

1412: 1385: 1305: 1074: 1047: 20284: 18724: 18622: 1977:, a princess of Spain and wife of Cosimo I the Great, purchased the Pitti Palace from 1559:, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study. 1384:, Queen of France and Navarre. Through Marie, all succeeding French monarchs (bar the 20569: 20544: 20319: 20274: 20199: 20031: 19956: 19946: 19941: 19693: 19668: 19658: 19627: 19128: 19101: 18789: 18617: 18607: 18297: 18255: 18220: 18173: 18076: 18027: 18020: 17998: 17554: 17171: 17161: 17109: 17062: 16831: 16773: 16201: 13168: 12602: 10483: 10382: 8404: 2116: 2025: 2010: 2006: 1978: 1974: 1912: 1853: 1812: 1706: 1702: 1679: 1361: 1313: 1267: 1254:

in 1527 and rise of the Salviati, Altoviti and Strozzi as the leading bankers of the

1131: 1055: 901: 736: 657: 561: 53: 20523: 16980: 1969:, whereas Pope Clement VII commissioned Michelangelo to paint the altar wall of the 1352:

and their allies, he prevailed in various battles to conquer Florence's hated rival

20589: 20264: 20259: 20244: 20129: 20104: 19976: 19966: 19936: 19921: 19663: 19560: 19554: 19517: 19453: 19350: 19340: 19299: 18809: 18632: 18547: 18516: 18413: 18392: 17986: 16960: 16721: 16599: 16082: 16065: 16009: 12622: 11638: 10455: 9729: 1951: 1879: 1817: 1671: 1636: 1497: 1407:, a granddaughter of Catherine de' Medici. The Spanish reaction was to construct a 1317: 1240: 1127: 1062: 956: 768: 689: 616: 596: 549: 506: 460: 353: 258: 196: 20314: 1720:, Gian Gastone's decrepit entourage, loathed the electress, and she them. Duchess 1633:

Minerva, Mercury and Pluto pay homage to the Electress Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici

1356:

and found the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Cosimo purchased a portion of the island of

20518: 20508: 20431: 20426: 20421: 20294: 20149: 20119: 20109: 20026: 20016: 19881: 19512: 19211: 19195: 18627: 18313: 18134:

A Short History of Renaissance and Reformation Europe, Dances over Fire and Water

18112: 17928:

Jelbert, Rebeca (2020). "The Medici Coat of Arms and Etruscan Votive Sculpture".

17914: 17731: 17550: 17000: 16867: 15986: 13513: 12352: 9722: 9642: 9277: 2241: 2017: 1927: 1875: 1808: 1712:

Gian Gastone despised the electress for engineering his catastrophic marriage to

1529: 1493: 1439: 888:

The Medici family was connected to most other elite families of the time through

811: 759:, among many others in the arts and sciences. They were also protagonists of the 677: 661: 636: 500: 369: 222: 212: 103: 19378: 18201: 18197:

Prince Ottaviano de' Medici: Solving a 417-year-old murder mystery (May 4, 2004)

16080:

who was the brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Elected to the Papacy, becoming

16032: 1134:, the youngest son of Giovanni di Bicci, starting with his great-great-grandson 20559: 20528: 20487: 20456: 20441: 20395: 20324: 20299: 20184: 20011: 19926: 19911: 19856: 19522: 19335: 19330: 19153: 19048: 19007: 18859: 18612: 18085: 16803: 16595: 16426:, particularly as the saint was invoked by Italian bankers as they took oaths. 16026:

Brother of Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici, third son of Lorenzo the Magnificent.

15977: 15887: 13210: 12463: 10496: 9208: 7971: 2029: 1982: 1970: 1955: 1947: 1922:

Medici family members placed allegorically in the entourage of a king from the

1694:

gave any credence to it, and the plan ultimately died with Cosimo III in 1723.

1691: 1597: 1563: 1368:, whose death without male heirs led to the succession of his younger brother, 1337: 1192:. They were generous patrons of the arts who commissioned masterpieces such as 1082: 989: 924: 919:, they were still far less notable than other outstanding families such as the 893: 784: 756: 701: 573: 557: 207: 18215: 17990: 15854: 1629:

Minerva, Merkur und Plutus huldigen der Kurfürstin Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici

793: 20625: 20584: 20574: 20482: 20411: 20380: 20375: 20370: 20350: 20329: 20304: 20289: 20224: 20204: 20169: 20134: 19916: 19830: 19739: 18925: 18746: 17736:(in Italian). Vol. Parte prima. Naples: Stamperia Simoniana. p. 157 16777: 16696: 16451:

Old coat of arms of the Medici used by Giovanni di Bicci and Cosimo the Elder

16431: 10893: 1923: 1769:. She occupied herself with financing and overseeing the construction of the 1766: 1548: 1396: 1349: 1217: 669: 384: 374: 313: 20513: 18206: 6438: 5331: 4566: 4237: 4214: 4197: 4017: 4002: 3949: 3902: 1050:

that cemented the alliance between the Medici and the Roman branches of the

20610: 20554: 20309: 20254: 20239: 20179: 20159: 20139: 20094: 19991: 19961: 19901: 19294: 19111: 19069: 19057: 18930: 18894: 18068: 17175: 16726: 16423: 9172: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1871: 1567: 1537: 1513: 1501: 1203: 1189: 1188:

political rulers of Rome, Florence, and large swaths of Italy known as the

1002: 970: 897: 892:, partnerships, or employment, so the family had a central position in the 740: 728: 681: 656:

was inspired by the Medici along with other families of Italy, such as the

600: 113:

By Medico, Castellan of Potrone, considered the first ancestor of the house

99: 61: 35: 18166:

Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence.

18053:

History of Florence: From the Founding of the City Through the Renaissance

20594: 20549: 20492: 20164: 19906: 19565: 19304: 19278: 19232: 19043: 18558: 18521: 18231: 16480:

Or, five balls in orle gules, in chief a larger one of the arms of France

15945: 11136: 1601: 1463: 1459: 1255: 1179: 1142: 1091: 988:

The Medici additionally benefited from the discovery of vast deposits of

916: 843: 798: 764: 748: 604: 581: 348: 335: 301: 263: 72:

Or, five balls in orle gules, in chief a larger one of the arms of France

19795: 19012: 17155: 16785: 16092: 1844: 1403:

by marrying the first non-Habsburg marriage candidate since Alessandro,

869:

The main challengers to the Albizzi family were the Medici, first under

572:

during the first half of the 15th century. The family originated in the

20579: 20099: 19138: 18541: 18511: 18377: 17085: 16972: 15992: 9682: 1784:

The extinction of the main Medici dynasty and the accession in 1737 of

1759: 1687: 1620: 1086:

interfering, and, after the failed assassination of Lorenzo, also gave

1039: 976: 863: 797:, meaning "medical doctor". The dynasty began with the founding of the 732: 592: 253: 18997: 17918:, Making Art and History Come to Life, October 28, 2020, an audio file 17851:

The Medici Bank: Its Organization, Management, Operations, and Decline

17031: 16141: 15972:

invaded as a full republic was restored, first under the theocracy of

1866:

The greatest accomplishments of the Medici were in the sponsorship of

1828:, the Medici Tornaquinci, and the Verona Medici Counts of Caprara and 838:

For most of the 13th century, the leading banking centre in Italy was

20089: 19861: 19841: 19527: 19252: 19169: 19133: 18161: 17908:

Rebuilding The Renaissance, Episode 93 – Florence: The Medici Dynasty

16850:

The Medieval World – Europe 1100–1350 by Friedrich Heer, 1998 Germany

1896: 1820:

in 1801 (themselves deposed in 1807), but were later restored at the

1807:

As a consequence, the grand duchy expired and the territory became a

1540:, an Anglo-Italian historian, ascribed the decline of Tuscany to the 1424: 700:

Italy and Europe. They were among the earliest businesses to use the

18136:. 1996. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. 18043:

Magnifico: The Brilliant Life and Violent Times of Lorenzo de Medici

15916: 1665:, Anna Maria Luisa's spouse, successfully requisitioned the dignity 20042: 18055:(Frederick Ungar, 1936) is the standard overall history of Florence 16964: 16487: 9246: 8736: 2001:, is the subject of a commissioned cycle of paintings known as the 1884: 1574: 1400: 1213: 1184: 711:

The Medici family have claimed to have funded the invention of the

649: 643: 585: 79: 18305: 1395:. To augment the Tuscan silk industry, he oversaw the planting of 1279: 1160: 858:

throughout the Italian Renaissance. The city's numerous luxurious

842:. But in 1298, one of the leading banking families of Europe, the 20446: 20269: 19931: 19826: 19345: 18283: 18251: 17704: 17683: 17675: 17642: 16413: 6160: 6131: 5993: 4842: 4803: 4774: 4588: 3755: 3711: 3676: 3658: 3614: 3399: 3146: 3128: 3110: 3065: 2033: 1966: 1829: 1797: 1796:, led to Tuscany's temporary inclusion in the territories of the 1408: 1392: 1341: 1193: 1038:

to follow as his successor in civil leadership; Giovanni (future

997: 920: 859: 847: 752: 744: 673: 577: 121: 17588: 12410:

Medici family tree § Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany)

1262:(future cardinal and vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church), 20365: 17016:

The Florentine history written by Niccolò Machiavelli, Volume 1

16367:

Eldest son of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

10411: 1943: 1918: 1748: 1682:

was technically a Spanish fief, while the territory of the old

1578: 1517: 936: 915:. Despite the presence of some Medici in the city's government 908: 854:

were enacted; effectively, they became the constitution of the

693: 615:(1600–1610). In 1532, the family acquired the hereditary title 125: 18038:

a highly readable, non-scholarly general history of the family

17666:(from which descended a line extinct in 1670 with Ottaviano), 16764:

Pollens, Stewart (2013). "Bartolomeo Cristofori in Florence".

16321:

Eldest son of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

1520:

trial of Galileo Galilei to occur. Upon the death of the last

1469:

In France, Marie de' Medici was acting as regent for her son,

521: 30:"Medicis" redirects here. For the pharmaceutical company, see 20249: 16717: 1895:

in 1419. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were

1730: 1353: 1175: 1070: 1042:) was placed in the church at an early age; and his daughter 993: 932: 912: 839: 716: 712: 665: 554: 524: 478: 17730:

Mecatti, Giuseppe Maria; Muratori, Lodovico Antonio (1755).

17633:

died in 1369, Mario had few unremarkable later generations;

16934:. Artibus et Historiae, Volume 22, Edit 44, 2001. pp. 23–29. 16409:

Florentine Guild Arms with the Moneychangers in top row 3rd.

16390:

Second son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

16344:

Eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

1616:

Cosimo III, the Medicean grand duke, in grand ducal regalia

1586: 1357: 1146: 1051: 1024: 685: 527: 512: 481: 469: 185: 16661:"Cosimo de Medici e l'amore per le tartarughe con la vela" 16275:

Eldest son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

1594:

Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro

18191: 17037: 1985:, who erected the Uffizi Gallery in 1560 and founded the 1867: 475: 17866:"The Medici balls: Origins of the family's coat of arms" 16076:

Cousin of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, son of

1607: 1212:; however, their reigns coincided with troubles for the 580:, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the 17930:

The Coat of Arms: Journal for the Heraldry Society (UK)

16550:

Coat of Arms of Catherine of Medici, as Queen of France

15968:

Eldest son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Overthrown when

15825: 1934:

After Lorenzo's death the puritanical Dominican friar

591:

The Medici produced four popes of the Catholic Church—

18100:

April Blood: Florence and the Plot Against the Medici

16946:"Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400–1434" 16944:

Padgett, John F.; Ansell, Christopher K. (May 1993).

1555:, the Grand Duke's youngest brother, established the 1300:, to the son of Emperor Charles V's arch-enemy, King 536: 490: 17951:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 46–47, 58. 1500:, was dedicated to him. Cosimo died of consumption ( 1492:. He is most remembered as the patron of astronomer 704:

system of accounting through the development of the

518: 472: 16800:"Music and the Medici – The Medici Archive Project" 16562:

Coat of Arms of Maria of Medici, as Queen of France

1777:, at a cost to the state of 1,000 crowns per week. 1239:, and Giulio de' Medici, the latter of whom became 515: 509: 466: 463: 18019: 17440:"Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici – Electress Palatine" 17033:The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance (Part I) 1883:the first patron of the arts in the family, aided 973:(the unofficial head of the Florentine Republic). 19408: 18152:Daily Life in Florence in the Time of the Medici. 2053:The table below shows the origins of the Medici: 1419:to assuage Spain (where Maria Maddalena's sister 20623: 16192:Distant cousin of Alessandro de' Medici, Son of 15626:Philip William August, Count Palatine of Neuburg 1516:, re-doubled the Tuscan clergy, and allowed the 1324:year he was assassinated by a resentful cousin, 17863: 17729: 1655:, and the last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1653:Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine 1270:to his illegitimate nephew (reputedly his son) 17853:. Pickle Partners Publishing. pp. note 1. 17030:Bradley, Richard (executive producer) (2003). 16903: 15820: 1989:– ("Academy of the Arts of Drawing") in 1563. 969:(father of the country), took over in 1434 as 20058: 19811: 19394: 18321: 17966:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 76. 17964:Lorenzo de'Medici and the Art of Magnificence 16943: 16623: 16621: 16463:The intermediate coat of arms of the Medici, 1740:, Don Carlos was disbarred from Tuscany, and 1462:. He died the same month, but his successor, 1174:through their two famous 16th century popes, 964: 783:The Medici family came from the agricultural 641: 17105:Ulwencreutz's The Royal Families in Europe V 16646:Famiglie celebri italiane. Medici di Firenze 1573:Ferdinando died on 23 May 1670 afflicted by 27:Italian banking family and political dynasty 18214:, History Channel. Retrieved 8 April 2016. 17287: 17285: 17101: 17023: 17012: 16881: 16740:"Medici Family – – Encyclopædia Britannica" 16658: 16478:The "augmented coat of arms of the Medici, 20065: 20051: 19818: 19804: 19401: 19387: 18711:Genealogical tables of the House of Medici 18328: 18314: 17317: 17315: 17239: 17237: 17200: 17198: 16618: 2049:Genealogical tables of the House of Medici 2042: 19825: 18090:The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance 17976: 17893:St. Nicholas: His Legends and Iconography 17848: 17733:Storia cronologica della città di Firenze 17080: 17078: 17054: 16823: 16514:Coat of Arms of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany 16210: 1973:just before the pontiff's death in 1534. 1570:became prevalent in rural market places. 619:. In 1569, the duchy was elevated to the 17542:Michelangelo: Mysteries of Medici Chapel 17530:(New York: Harper and Row, 1974), p. 21. 17282: 17160:. New York: William Morrow and Company. 16502:Great coat of arms of Medici of Ottajano 16412: 16404: 1917: 1843: 1733:, was occasionally cleaned by Violante. 1619: 1611: 1438: 1278: 1159: 975: 866:built by the prospering merchant class. 821: 810: 640:. Like other families ruling in Italian 18014: 17927: 17895:. Florence: Leo S. Olschki. p. 76. 17864:Mackworth-Young, Rose (29 March 2012). 17312: 17234: 17195: 17153: 16763: 1627:, the last of the grand ducal line, in 1600:possessions, the Duchies of Rovere and 14: 20624: 18126:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1908. 18022:The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall 17582:of Florence, Brief History (it. leng.) 17190:The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall 17157:The House of Medici: Its rise and fall 17075: 16574:Achievement of the House of de' Medici 15635:Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg 1903:. In later years the most significant 1714:Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg 1340:to attain supremacy over the whole of 417:14 cadet branches; still alive only 2: 20046: 19799: 19684:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (1572) 19679:Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1570) 19478:Margaret, Queen of France and Navarre 19424:Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino 19382: 18309: 17946: 17890: 17799: 17486: 16716:The family of Pius IV, the Medici of 16643: 16629:A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry 16039:Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino 15805: 15803: 15801: 15799: 15797: 15795: 15793: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15785: 15783: 15781: 15779: 15777: 15775: 15773: 15771: 15769: 15767: 15765: 15763: 15761: 15759: 15757: 15755: 15753: 15751: 15749: 15747: 15745: 15743: 15741: 15739: 15737: 15731: 15729: 15727: 15725: 15723: 15721: 15719: 15717: 15715: 15713: 15711: 15709: 15707: 15705: 15703: 15701: 15699: 15697: 15695: 15693: 15691: 15689: 15687: 15685: 15683: 15681: 15679: 15677: 15675: 15673: 15671: 15669: 15667: 15665: 15663: 15642: 15633: 15624: 15622: 15615: 15606: 15604: 15602: 15600: 15593: 15584: 15582: 15580: 15578: 15526: 15468: 15466: 15464: 15458: 15456: 15454: 15452: 15366: 15280: 15278: 15276: 15274: 15256: 15250: 15248: 15246: 15244: 15242: 15240: 15238: 15236: 15234: 15232: 15230: 15228: 15226: 15224: 15222: 15220: 15218: 15200: 15198: 15196: 15194: 15192: 15190: 15188: 15186: 15180: 15178: 15176: 15174: 15168: 15166: 15164: 15162: 15144: 15142: 15140: 15138: 15136: 15134: 15132: 15130: 15128: 15126: 15124: 15122: 15120: 15118: 15116: 15114: 15112: 15110: 15103: 15101: 15092: 15090: 15083: 15068: 15059: 15057: 15017: 15011: 15009: 15007: 15005: 15003: 15001: 14999: 14997: 14995: 14993: 14991: 14989: 14987: 14985: 14983: 14981: 14979: 14977: 14975: 14973: 14971: 14969: 14967: 14925: 14923: 14917: 14911: 14909: 14907: 14905: 14903: 14901: 14899: 14897: 14895: 14893: 14891: 14889: 14887: 14885: 14883: 14881: 14879: 14877: 14875: 14873: 14871: 14869: 14867: 14865: 14863: 14861: 14859: 14853: 14851: 14849: 14843: 14841: 14839: 14833: 14831: 14829: 14827: 14804: 14802: 14795: 14786: 14784: 14776: 14774: 14768: 14766: 14752: 14750: 14741: 14730: 14719: 14708: 14706: 14616: 14610: 14520: 14518: 14472: 14466: 14464: 14462: 14460: 14458: 14452: 14450: 14448: 14396: 14394: 14392: 14390: 14388: 14382: 14380: 14378: 14376: 14349: 14347: 14340: 14331: 14322: 14320: 14318: 14311: 14296: 14294: 14292: 14285: 14283: 14276: 14274: 14260: 14258: 14256: 14254: 14188: 14142: 14140: 14138: 14136: 14134: 14128: 14126: 14124: 14122: 14096: 14094: 14092: 14090: 14080: 14074: 14072: 14065: 14063: 14052: 14050: 14036: 14034: 14032: 14021: 14019: 14005: 14003: 13998: 13996: 13991: 13989: 13987: 13981: 13975: 13969: 13967: 13965: 13959: 13957: 13955: 13949: 13947: 13945: 13939: 13937: 13935: 13929: 13923: 13921: 13919: 13913: 13911: 13909: 13903: 13901: 13899: 13893: 13891: 13889: 13878: 13867: 13858: 13847: 13838: 13832: 13821: 13815:Lucrezia de' Medici (1572–1574) 13814: 13803: 13785: 13689: 13683: 13641: 13601: 13578: 13576: 13569: 13567: 13561: 13552: 13543: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13535: 13533: 13531: 13529: 13527: 13525: 13523: 13521: 13519: 13512: 13499: 13488: 13486: 13484: 13402: 13384: 13382: 13304: 13302: 13300: 13294: 13292: 13278: 13269: 13267: 13262: 13253: 13242: 13240: 13233: 13231: 13217: 13215: 13203: 13201: 13187: 13176: 13174: 13167: 13165: 13075: 13069: 13063: 12987: 12985: 12983: 12977: 12975: 12893: 12887: 12797: 12795: 12747: 12695: 12689: 12683: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12671: 12669: 12667: 12665: 12663: 12661: 12659: 12657: 12655: 12653: 12651: 12632: 12630: 12628: 12621: 12610: 12601: 12599: 12597: 12595: 12593: 12591: 12589: 12587: 12585: 12583: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12567: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12555: 12553: 12551: 12549: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12541: 12539: 12537: 12535: 12533: 12531: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12519: 12513: 12511: 12509: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12501: 12499: 12497: 12495: 12493: 12491: 12489: 12487: 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Upon Vittoria's death in 1694, her 1528:, they permitted it to be annexed by 1170:The Medici briefly became leaders of 564:that first consolidated power in the 548: 20667:People from the Republic of Florence 20072: 19782: 17979:Papers of the British School at Rome 17961: 17511: 16900:, Chapter 7, p. 37, Volume II, 2005. 16591:List of popes from the Medici family 16538:Coat of arms of the Medici Cardinals 16115: 16016:Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours 1233:Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours 1028:when Piero's son Lorenzo took over. 433:De' Medici Tornaquinci of Castellina 18335: 1981:in 1550. Cosimo in turn patronized 1164:The Medici Wedding Tapestry (1589). 66:Coat of arms of the House of Medici 24: 19258:Crown of the Grand Duke of Tuscany 19090:Painters, sculptors and architects 18140: 17585:"Accademia delle Arti del Disegno" 17147: 16402:and the giant's lands in Mugello. 15939:Eldest son of Piero I de' Medici. 12390:(1633–r.1685-88 –1701) 1451:, and their elder son, the future 1237:Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino 25: 20678: 18185: 17499:from the original on May 29, 2019 17058:The Renaissance: All That Matters 16953:The American Journal of Sociology 15910:Eldest son of Cosimo de' Medici. 7111:Filippo di Chiarissimo de' Medici 1893:Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence 1686:was thought to be under imperial 1445:The Grand Duchess Maria Maddalena 1388:) were descended from Francesco. 708:for tracking credits and debits. 19781: 19163:Poets and other literary figures 18723: 17580:Accademia delle Arti del Disegno 17540:Peter Barenboim, Sergey Shiyan, 16567: 16555: 16543: 16531: 16519: 16507: 16495: 16471: 16456: 16444: 16396: 16372: 16349: 16326: 16303: 16280: 16257: 16235: 16174: 16140: 16091: 16058: 16031: 16008: 15985: 15944: 15915: 15886: 15853: 15617:Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine 15105:Philip William, Elector Palatine 14351:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 12408:This section is an excerpt from 6461:This section is an excerpt from 6437: 5330: 4565: 4236: 4213: 4196: 4016: 4001: 3948: 3901: 1987:Accademia delle Arti del Disegno 1663:Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine 1376:, and with his consort produced 1015:French invasion of Italy in 1492 996:in 1461. Alum is essential as a 804: 607:(1605)—and two queens of France— 505: 459: 60: 19430:Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne 18278:Elevated from Duchy of Florence 17970: 17955: 17940: 17921: 17899: 17884: 17857: 17842: 17829: 17816: 17782: 17757: 17748: 17718: 17689: 17656: 17619: 17602: 17572: 17563: 17533: 17520: 17480: 17471: 17462: 17453: 17432: 17423: 17414: 17405: 17396: 17387: 17378: 17369: 17360: 17351: 17342: 17333: 17324: 17303: 17294: 17273: 17264: 17255: 17246: 17225: 17216: 17207: 17182: 17138: 17129: 17095: 17048: 17006: 16937: 16924: 16890: 16853: 16844: 12634:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 11137:Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici 1926:in the Tuscan countryside in a 1434: 1331: 1153: 1117: 957:proportional system of taxation 943: 931:was speaker of the woolmakers' 719:, financed the construction of 706:double-entry bookkeeping system 16817: 16792: 16757: 16732: 16710: 16679: 16652: 16637: 16602:(extinct) rivals of the Medici 16230:Relationship with predecessor 16135:Relationship with predecessor 15848:Relationship with predecessor 14354:(1578–r.1619–1637) 14281:(1601–r.1610–1643) 12637:(1503–r.1558–1564) 12365:(1630–r.1660–1685) 12347:(1601–r.1610–1643) 12329:(1605–r.1621–1665) 12116:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans 12076:(1578–r.1598–1621) 11829:(1553–r.1589–1610) 11802:(1527–r.1556–1598) 11611:(1551–r.1574–1589) 11600:(1550–r.1560–1574) 11589:(1544–r.1559–1560) 11186:(1519–r.1547–1559) 9683:Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici 1891:for the reconstruction of the 13: 1: 19654:Edict of Saint-Germain (1562) 19644:Siege of Florence (1529–1530) 19571:Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine 19341:Stories set to music: "opera" 18221:The Medici Family of Florence 18202:The Moscow Florentine Society 18008: 17872:(160). Florence: B'Gruppo Srl 17154:Hibbert, Christopher (1974). 17013:Machiavelli, Niccolò (1906). 16484:Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or 2055: 1604:, passed to her younger son. 1372:, in 1587. Francesco married 875:Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici 76:Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or 34:. For the CERN facility, see 18118:Herbert Millingchamp Vaughan 18075:, Macmillan, London, 1980 , 16802:(in Italian). Archived from 16606:Castellini Baldissera family 16526:Coat of arms of Medici popes 16214: 16119: 16099:Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici 15993:Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici 15879:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici 15832: 14797:Ferdinand Charles of Austria 13270:Pietro (Pedricco) de' Medici 7963:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici 1754:Anna Maria Luisa signed the 1738:War of the Polish Succession 1562:Tuscany participated in the 1344:. Against the opposition of 1252:Holy Roman Emperor Charles V 949:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici 871:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici 862:were becoming surrounded by 827:The Confirmation of the Rule 818:, founder of the Medici bank 816:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici 763:, from the beginning of the 344:Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany 239:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici 138:; 794 years ago 7: 20185:Gossler (Berenberg-Gossler) 19674:Treaty of Longjumeau (1568) 19454:Claude, Duchess of Lorraine 19117:Michelangelo and the Medici 18961:Palazzo Medici di Ottaviano 18911:Casino Mediceo di San Marco 17849:de Roover, Raymond (2017). 17707:1383). Giovanni had a son, 17144:Hibbard, pp. 177, 202, 162. 17055:Halvorson, Michael (2014). 16659:Luisa Greco (22 May 2015). 16579: 16465:Or, six balls in orle gules 16053:, Queen consort of France. 15829:in the Republic of Florence 15821:List of heads of the Medici 15608:Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici 15595:Ferdinando (III) de' Medici 15085:Marguerite Louise d'Orléans 2058:Medici Family Tree: Origins 1645:Marguerite Louise d'Orléans 1625:Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici 311: 173:Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici 10: 20683: 20657:Heads of state of Florence 19623:Admiral Gaspard de Coligny 19184:Humanists and philosophers 18936:Palazzo Medici Tornaquinci 18192:The Medici Archive Project 18170:W. W. Norton & Company 18063:Cosimo I, Duke of Florence 17754:Two more brothers unknown. 17487:Feuer, Alan (4 May 2004). 17102:Ulwencreutz, Lars (2013). 17061:. Hodder & Stoughton. 16824:Malaguzzi, Silvia (2004). 16766:The Galpin Society Journal 16066:Cardinal Giulio de' Medici 15094:Francesco Maria de' Medici 15075:Grand Duke 1670–1723 14313:Maria Magdalena of Austria 13869:Maria Maddalena de' Medici 13559:Grand Duke 1587–1609 12407: 12303:Angela/Angelica de' Medici 8794:Ginevra degli Alessandrini 6460: 2046: 1417:Maria Maddalena of Austria 984:, Uffizi Gallery, Florence 778: 29: 20603: 20537: 20501: 20470: 20404: 20343: 20080: 19837: 19779: 19753: 19702: 19649:Colloquy of Poissy (1561) 19636: 19561:Cardinal Silvio Passerini 19541: 19498: 19448:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain 19416: 19323: 19287: 19271: 19245: 19220: 19204: 19183: 19162: 19089: 19082: 19036: 18990: 18969: 18903: 18745: 18738: 18721: 18703: 18685:Giovanni delle Bande Nere 18677: 18646: 18530: 18504: 18483: 18435: 18412: 18368:Lorenzo "The Magnificent" 18350: 18343: 18294: 18281: 18272: 18249: 18244: 18228: 17991:10.1017/S0068246215000021 17891:Clare, Edward G. (1985). 16872:BBC News Magazine Monitor 16840:– via Google Books. 16827:Botticelli. Ediz. Inglese 16608:(relatives of the Medici) 16194:Giovanni dalle Bande Nere 15815: 15659: 15657: 15655: 15653: 15640: 15631: 15613: 15591: 15572: 15570: 15568: 15566: 15564: 15562: 15560: 15558: 15556: 15554: 15552: 15550: 15548: 15542: 15540: 15538: 15536: 15534: 15524: 15520: 15518: 15516: 15514: 15512: 15510: 15508: 15506: 15504: 15502: 15500: 15498: 15496: 15494: 15492: 15490: 15488: 15486: 15484: 15482: 15480: 15478: 15462: 15460: 15446: 15444: 15442: 15440: 15438: 15436: 15434: 15432: 15430: 15428: 15426: 15424: 15422: 15420: 15418: 15416: 15414: 15408: 15406: 15404: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15392: 15390: 15388: 15386: 15384: 15378: 15376: 15374: 15372: 15364: 15360: 15358: 15356: 15354: 15352: 15350: 15348: 15346: 15344: 15342: 15340: 15338: 15336: 15334: 15332: 15330: 15328: 15322: 15320: 15318: 15312: 15310: 15308: 15306: 15304: 15302: 15300: 15298: 15292: 15290: 15288: 15286: 15282: 15268: 15266: 15264: 15254: 15252: 15216: 15212: 15206: 15184: 15182: 15172: 15170: 15158: 15152: 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14436: 14434: 14432: 14430: 14428: 14426: 14424: 14422: 14420: 14418: 14416: 14414: 14412: 14410: 14408: 14406: 14404: 14402: 14386: 14384: 14364: 14358: 14338: 14329: 14309: 14307: 14305: 14271:Victor Amadeus I of Savoy 14262:Christine Marie of France 14248: 14246: 14244: 14238: 14236: 14234: 14232: 14230: 14228: 14226: 14224: 14222: 14220: 14218: 14210: 14208: 14206: 14200: 14198: 14196: 14186: 14182: 14180: 14178: 14176: 14170: 14168: 14166: 14164: 14162: 14160: 14158: 14156: 14154: 14152: 14150: 14148: 14132: 14130: 14120: 14112: 14110: 14108: 14106: 14104: 14102: 14084: 14082: 14078: 14076: 14030: 14028: 13979: 13977: 13973: 13971: 13963: 13961: 13953: 13951: 13943: 13941: 13933: 13931: 13927: 13925: 13917: 13915: 13907: 13905: 13897: 13895: 13876: 13874: 13865: 13863: 13856: 13854: 13845: 13843: 13836: 13834: 13830: 13828: 13819: 13817: 13812: 13810: 13801: 13799: 13779: 13773: 13767: 13761: 13755: 13749: 13743: 13737: 13729: 13727: 13721: 13715: 13709: 13703: 13697: 13687: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13675: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13663: 13661: 13659: 13657: 13655: 13653: 13651: 13649: 13647: 13639: 13635: 13633: 13631: 13629: 13627: 13625: 13623: 13621: 13619: 13613: 13611: 13609: 13607: 13593: 13591: 13585: 13565: 13563: 13550: 13510: 13508: 13497: 13495: 13478: 13476: 13474: 13466: 13464: 13462: 13460: 13458: 13456: 13454: 13452: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13444: 13442: 13440: 13438: 13436: 13434: 13432: 13430: 13428: 13426: 13424: 13422: 13420: 13418: 13416: 13414: 13412: 13410: 13400: 13396: 13390: 13380: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13370: 13368: 13366: 13364: 13358: 13356: 13354: 13352: 13350: 13348: 13346: 13344: 13342: 13340: 13338: 13336: 13334: 13332: 13330: 13328: 13326: 13324: 13322: 13320: 13318: 13316: 13314: 13312: 13310: 13276: 13274: 13260: 13258: 13251: 13249: 13185: 13183: 13159: 13157: 13155: 13149: 13143: 13137: 13135: 13129: 13127: 13125: 13119: 13117: 13115: 13109: 13107: 13105: 13099: 13097: 13095: 13089: 13083: 13073: 13071: 13067: 13065: 13061: 13057: 13055: 13053: 13051: 13049: 13047: 13045: 13043: 13041: 13039: 13037: 13035: 13033: 13031: 13029: 13027: 13025: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13017: 13011: 13009: 13007: 13005: 13003: 13001: 12999: 12997: 12995: 12993: 12981: 12979: 12969: 12967: 12965: 12963: 12961: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12953: 12951: 12949: 12947: 12945: 12943: 12941: 12939: 12937: 12935: 12933: 12931: 12929: 12927: 12925: 12923: 12921: 12919: 12917: 12915: 12913: 12911: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12903: 12901: 12891: 12889: 12885: 12881: 12879: 12877: 12875: 12873: 12871: 12869: 12867: 12865: 12863: 12861: 12859: 12857: 12855: 12853: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12845: 12843: 12841: 12835: 12833: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12821: 12819: 12817: 12815: 12813: 12811: 12809: 12807: 12805: 12803: 12789: 12787: 12785: 12783: 12781: 12779: 12777: 12775: 12773: 12771: 12769: 12767: 12765: 12763: 12761: 12759: 12757: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12745: 12741: 12739: 12737: 12735: 12733: 12731: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12719: 12717: 12715: 12713: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12705: 12703: 12701: 12693: 12691: 12687: 12685: 12619: 12608: 12565: 12563: 12517: 12515: 12460: 12396: 12394: 12349: 12331: 12288: 12286: 12284: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12266: 12264: 12262: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12242: 12234: 12232: 12230: 12228: 12226: 12224: 12212: 12208: 12206: 12204: 12202: 12200: 12198: 12196: 12194: 12192: 12190: 12188: 12186: 12184: 12180: 12162: 12160: 12134:Henrietta Maria of France 12109:Victor Amadeus I of Savoy 12094: 12092: 12084: 12082: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12034: 12032: 12030: 12024: 12022: 12020: 12014: 12012: 12006: 12004: 12002: 11994: 11992: 11990: 11984: 11982: 11980: 11970: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11960: 11958: 11956: 11954: 11952: 11946: 11944: 11942: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11930: 11918: 11916: 11906: 11902: 11900: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11892: 11878: 11876: 11874: 11868: 11866: 11853: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11822: 11804: 11763: 11761: 11753: 11751: 11743: 11741: 11729: 11727: 11719: 11717: 11709: 11707: 11683: 11681: 11673: 11671: 11657: 11655: 11615: 11613: 11604: 11602: 11593: 11591: 11564: 11557: 11555: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11539: 11537: 11535: 11529: 11523: 11517: 11511: 11505: 11499: 11491: 11489: 11487: 11481: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11465: 11463: 11455: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11441: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11433: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11413: 11397: 11393: 11391: 11385: 11383: 11381: 11379: 11377: 11375: 11373: 11359: 11357: 11355: 11353: 11351: 11349: 11347: 11337: 11333: 11327: 11325: 11323: 11321: 11319: 11303: 11301: 11283: 11281: 11265: 11263: 11253: 11251: 11235: 11200: 11198: 11180: 11178: 11148: 11146: 11129: 11121: 11119: 11117: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11103: 11101: 11099: 11095: 11093: 11083: 11079: 11051: 11047: 11045: 11043: 11041: 11039: 11037: 11023: 11019: 11017: 11009: 11007: 10997: 10989: 10979: 10977: 10975: 10951: 10949: 10942: 10906: 10899: 10888: 10886: 10882: 10880: 10855: 10853: 10851: 10849: 10847: 10845: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10827: 10817: 10815: 10805: 10803: 10799: 10797: 10789: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10741: 10739: 10729: 10727: 10723: 10721: 10717: 10715: 10707: 10705: 10693: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10681: 10675: 10673: 10671: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10657: 10655: 10645: 10643: 10633: 10631: 10627: 10623: 10621: 10619: 10617: 10615: 10613: 10607: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10593: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10585: 10583: 10577: 10575: 10563: 10561: 10557: 10555: 10551: 10549: 10541: 10539: 10519: 10517: 10509:Giovanni dalle Bande Nere 10502: 10480: 10478: 10461: 10459: 10415: 10401: 10399: 10392: 10390: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10363: 10361: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10345: 10339: 10333: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10307: 10301: 10295: 10287: 10285: 10281: 10279: 10269: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10239: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10229: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10177: 10169: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10159: 10157: 10147: 10145: 10141: 10139: 10119: 10115: 10083: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10045: 10043: 10035: 10033: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10021: 10012: 10010: 9934: 9930: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9918: 9906: 9904: 9894: 9892: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9880: 9872: 9870: 9862: 9860: 9844: 9842: 9802: 9800: 9792: 9790: 9782: 9780: 9776: 9774: 9770: 9768: 9754: 9752: 9743: 9741: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9564: 9562: 9560: 9554: 9552: 9550: 9540: 9538: 9534: 9532: 9528: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9512: 9508: 9500: 9498: 9490: 9486: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9468: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9406: 9400: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9388: 9370: 9368: 9360: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9332: 9330: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9118: 9116: 9114: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9064: 9060: 9058: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9026: 9024: 9016: 9012: 9010: 9008: 9006: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8970: 8968: 8958: 8956: 8942: 8940: 8914: 8912: 8874: 8872: 8862: 8860: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8840: 8838: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8656: 8654: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8608: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8596: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8542: 8540: 8522: 8520: 8486: 8484: 8478: 8476: 8440: 8434: 8372: 8370: 8368: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8245: 8243: 8225: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8139: 8137: 8073: 8071: 8037: 8035: 7929: 7927: 7863: 7861: 7724: 7722: 7658: 7656: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7457: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7389: 7268: 7266: 7145: 7143: 7024: 7022: 6988:Chiarissimo de' Medici I 6901: 6899: 6778: 6776: 6655: 6653: 6532: 6530: 6389: 6387: 6317: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6240: 6238: 6232: 6230: 6220: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6093: 6091: 6085: 6083: 6073: 6069: 6067: 6061: 6059: 5935: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5919: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5899: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5778: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5758: 5754: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5580: 5578: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5387: 5385: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5367: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5157: 5153: 5147: 4997: 4995: 4989: 4987: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4961: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4941: 4937: 4935: 4929: 4927: 4913: 4909: 4907: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4887: 4883: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4454: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4438: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4370: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4126: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4076: 4074: 4068: 4066: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3843: 3841: 3835: 3833: 3827: 3823: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3775: 3773: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3573: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3537: 3535: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3519: 3517: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3487: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3437: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3252: 3250: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3214: 3212: 3194: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2959: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2744: 2742: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2431: 2429: 2306: 2304: 2181: 2179: 1907:of the Medici family was 1839: 1632: 1581:. He was interred in the 1380:, Duchess of Mantua, and 1010:representative government 413: 393: 385:Several villas in Tuscany 362: 323: 307: 297: 287: 231: 178: 168: 158: 150: 132: 117: 109: 87: 59: 52: 47: 19694:Edict of Beaulieu (1576) 19669:Surprise of Meaux (1567) 19659:Massacre of Vassy (1562) 19593:Louis I, Prince of Condé 18264:Elevated to Grand Dukes 18065:, 1921, University Press 17905:Ruggiero, Rocky, Ph.D., 17637:(?–1340) who had a son, 16663:. Toctoc. Archived from 16612: 15649:Grand Duke 1723–37 14726:Grand Duke 1621–70 14303:Grand Duke 1609–21 14060:Cardinal Bishop of Ostia 13506:Grand Duke 1574–87 12617:Grand Duke 1569–74 9977:Pierfrancesco de' Medici 8817:Pierfrancesco de' Medici 1794:Maria Theresa of Austria 1486:Ferdinando II de' Medici 1476:Ferdinando's successor, 1449:The Grand Duke Cosimo II 1111:Lorenzo de' Medici, 1479 890:marriages of convenience 20662:Roman Catholic families 19730:Palace of Fontainebleau 19715:Basilica of Saint-Denis 19710:Palazzo Medici Riccardi 19689:French Wars of Religion 19664:Edict of Amboise (1563) 19533:French Catholic Leagues 18916:Palazzo Medici Riccardi 18647:Bishops and archbishops 17711:(?–1396) and a nephew, 16898:The Italian Renaissance 16744:Encyclopædia Britannica 15928:Lorenzo the Magnificent 13571:Don Giovanni de' Medici 13198:Paolo Giordano I Orsini 12125:Gaston, Duke of Orléans 12060:(ca.1550–ca.1630) 11857:Ferdinando I de' Medici 11648:Charles III of Lorraine 11571:(ca.1535–ca.1588) 10450:Pallavicino Pallavicino 7758:Averardo de' Medici III 7355:Averardo de' Medici II 2043:Main genealogical table 1940:Bonfire of the Vanities 1909:Michelangelo Buonarroti 1800:crown. The line of the 1771:Basilica of San Lorenzo 1742:Francis III of Lorraine 1736:In 1736, following the 1657:Gian Gastone de' Medici 1583:Basilica of San Lorenzo 1496:, whose 1610 treatise, 951:(c. 1360–1429), son of 773:French Wars of Religion 625:Gian Gastone de' Medici 380:Palazzo Medici Riccardi 163:Gian Gastone de' Medici 40:Medici (disambiguation) 20637:Italian noble families 19618:Henry I, Duke of Guise 19588:Francis, Duke of Guise 19484:Francis, Duke of Anjou 19460:Louis, Duke of Orléans 19263:Order of Saint Stephen 19144:Antonio del Pollaiuolo 18437:Grand Dukes of Tuscany 18288:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 17962:Kent, Francis (2007). 17947:Gáldy, Andrea (2009). 17796:(*? †?), line extinct. 17649:(?–?), who had a son, 16644:Litta, Pompeo (1827). 16418: 16410: 16211:Grand Dukes of Tuscany 15970:Charles VIII of France 11628:Francesco I de' Medici 11619:Francis, Duke of Anjou 9288:Bernardetto de' Medici 9145:(ante 1444–1478) 7232:Averardo de' Medici I 4562:Castellina Tornaquinci 2003:Marie de' Medici cycle 1931: 1863: 1859:Madonna del Magnificat 1818:House of Bourbon-Parma 1640: 1617: 1455: 1291: 1288:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 1222:Protestant Reformation 1182:. Both also served as 1165: 1106: 1096:Charles VIII of France 985: 965: 873:, later under his son 833: 819: 727:, and were patrons of 721:Saint Peter's Basilica 642: 621:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 428:De' Medici of Ottajano 292:Order of Saint Stephen 96:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 38:. For other uses, see 32:Medicis Pharmaceutical 19720:Château de Chenonceau 19613:Jeanne III of Navarre 19608:Claude, Duke of Guise 19063:Cappella dei Principi 18970:Fountains and gardens 18422:Alessandro "The Moor" 18404:Alessandro "The Moor" 17629:(?–?), he had a son, 17578:Official site of the 17544:, SLOVO, Moscow, 2006 16911:"History of Florence" 16692:CollinsDictionary.com 16416: 16408: 16169:, made Duke in 1531. 15957:Piero the Unfortunate 14754:Margherita de' Medici 14743:Gian Carlo de' Medici 14732:Vittoria della Rovere 14324:Federico della Rovere 13880:Charles II of Austria 13545:Christina of Lorraine 12371:Mary Henrietta Stuart 12362:Charles II of England 11862:Grand Duke of Tuscany 11848:Christina of Lorraine 11783:Alessandro de' Medici 11633:Grand Duke of Tuscany 11561:Bernadetto de' Medici 11229:Grand Duke of Tuscany 11158:Alessandro de' Medici 10405:Lorenzo II de' Medici 9703:Contessina de' Medici 6865:Giambuono de' Medici 4233:Francesco di Giovenco 4210:Salvestro di Alemanno 4013:Salvestro di Averardo 1921: 1847: 1773:, started in 1604 by 1701:, the elder child of 1647:, a granddaughter of 1623: 1615: 1557:Accademia del Cimento 1526:Vittoria della Rovere 1482:Margherita de' Medici 1442: 1405:Christina of Lorraine 1282: 1272:Alessandro de' Medici 1264:Alessandro de' Medici 1163: 1124:Alessandro de' Medici 1101: 979: 852:Ordinances of Justice 825: 814: 801:in Florence in 1397. 725:Santa Maria del Fiore 629:Cosimo III de' Medici 319:("make haste slowly") 192:Grand Duke of Tuscany 128:(present-day Tuscany) 20642:Families of Florence 19892:Bourbon-Two Sicilies 19787:Catherine de' Medici 19576:Mary, Queen of Scots 19466:Charles IX of France 19442:Francis II of France 19410:Catherine de' Medici 19228:Emilio de' Cavalieri 19191:Pico della Mirandola 19149:Jacopo della Quercia 19124:Bernardo Buontalenti 19107:Filippo Brunelleschi 19097:Bartolomeo Ammannati 18946:Palazzo delle Vedove 18378:Giovanni, Pope Leo X 18156:Macmillan Publishers 18148:Lucas-Dubreton, Jean 18016:Hibbert, Christopher 16878:in American English. 16667:on 26 September 2020 16200:line descended from 16051:Catherine de' Medici 15923:Lorenzo I de' Medici 14778:Francesco de' Medici 14342:Leopold V of Austria 14278:Louis XIII of France 14047:Ferdinando I Gonzaga 13859:Filippino de' Medici 13849:Francesco de' Medici 12626:(ca.1545–1634) 12380:William II of Orange 12344:Louis XIII of France 12143:Charles I of England 11778:(ca.1533–1600) 11597:Charles IX of France 11586:Francis II of France 10961:Ottaviano de' Medici 10945:Maddalena de' Medici 10940:(ca.1512–1566) 10929:(ca.1520–1588) 10917:Lorenzino de' Medici 10872:Ottaviano de' Medici 10422:(ca.1495–1519) 10419:Madeleine de La Tour 9667:Maddalena de' Medici 9240:Lorenzo the Popolano 8809:Francesco de' Medici 8379:(ca.1390–1473) 8376:Contessina de' Bardi 7558:(il Chiarissimo III) 7556:Salvestro de Medici 6742:Bernardo di Potrone 6324:Bindo Simone Peruzzi 2492:Giambuono de' Medici 1889:Filippo Brunelleschi 1684:Republic of Florence 1443:From left to right: 1346:Catherine de' Medici 1326:Lorenzino de' Medici 1298:Catherine de' Medici 1226:sack of Rome in 1527 1136:Cosimo I "the Great" 929:Salvestro de' Medici 877:and great-grandson, 856:Republic of Florence 831:Domenico Ghirlandaio 609:Catherine de' Medici 566:Republic of Florence 269:Catherine de' Medici 154:Giambuono de' Medici 92:Republic of Florence 19735:Notre-Dame de Paris 19598:Michel de l'Hôpital 19472:Henry III of France 19253:Medici coat of arms 19175:Niccolò Machiavelli 18638:Vincenzo II Gonzaga 18106:Accounting in Italy 17763:Two more brothers: 17135:15th century Italy. 17090:Niccolò Machiavelli 16913:. Aboutflorence.com 16435:the Medici family. 16078:Giuliano de' Medici 15976:and then statesman 15974:Girolamo Savonarola 15952:Piero II de' Medici 15586:Violante of Bavaria 14806:Leopoldo de' Medici 14038:Caterina de' Medici 13999:Isabella de' Medici 13283:(1568 – 1615) 13280:Virginia de' Medici 13272:(1546 – 1547) 13256:(1548 – 1548) 13219:Lucrezia de' Medici 13205:Giovanni de' Medici 13189:Isabella de' Medici 12455:Lodovico de' Medici 12387:James II of England 12073:Philip III of Spain 12065:Giuliano de' Medici 12051:Caterina de' Medici 11808:Elisabeth of Valois 11608:Henry III of France 11224:Cosimo I de' Medici 11173:Caterina de' Medici 10927:Giuliano de' Medici 10902:Laudomia de' Medici 10505:Lodovico de' Medici 10428:Clarissa de' Medici 9958:Ippolito de' Medici 9717:Giuliano de' Medici 9650:Piero II de' Medici 9634:Lucrezia de' Medici 9216:Giuliano de' Medici 9180:Lucrezia de' Medici 9143:Giovanni de' Medici 8786:Giovanni de' Medici 8750:Lucrezia Tornabuoni 7827:Giuliano de' Medici 7622:Giovenco de' Medici 1936:Girolamo Savonarola 1826:Princes of Ottajano 1802:Princes of Ottajano 1722:Violante of Bavaria 1699:Don Carlos of Spain 1643:Cosimo III married 1553:Leopoldo de' Medici 1378:Eleonora de' Medici 1310:Elisabeth of Valois 1302:Francis I of France 1268:Margeret of Austria 1260:Ippolito de' Medici 1172:Western Christendom 953:Averardo de' Medici 761:Counter-Reformation 654:Italian Renaissance 550:[ˈmɛːditʃi] 274:Cosimo I de' Medici 19754:Patron of the arts 19703:Places in her life 19603:Antoine of Navarre 19582:Philip II of Spain 19549:Clarice de' Medici 19542:People in her life 19501:Groups in her life 19436:Henry II of France 18982:Villa di Pratolino 18358:Cosimo "The Elder" 18111:2006-06-20 at the 18049:Ferdinand Schevill 17913:2021-08-29 at the 17805:One more brother: 17788:One more brother: 17549:2017-07-04 at the 17493:The New York Times 17375:Strathern, p. 392. 16999:2021-09-10 at the 16994:much more analysis 16992:. This has led to 16896:Kenneth Bartlett, 16866:2020-06-25 at the 16861:How to say: Medici 16830:. Giunti Editore. 16586:Medici family tree 16419: 16411: 15894:Piero I de' Medici 14333:Claudia de' Medici 14067:Lorenzo de' Medici 14016:Henry IV of France 13839:Eleanor de' Medici 13823:Antonio de' Medici 13796:Vincenzo I Gonzaga 13787:Eleanor de' Medici 13579:(Unnamed daughter) 13490:Johanna of Austria 13254:Antonio de' Medici 12326:Philip IV of Spain 11826:Henry IV of France 11817:Margaret of Valois 11799:Philip II of Spain 11184:Henry II of France 10969:Francesca Salviati 10932:Archbishop of Albi 10866:Francesca Salviati 9676:Franceschetto Cybo 9254:Semiramide Appiani 9196:Lorenzo de' Medici 9157:Leonetto de' Rossi 8826:Laudomia Acciaioli 8728:Piero I de' Medici 8430:Antonio de' Medici 8415:Ginevra Cavalcanti 8405:Lorenzo de' Medici 8332:Antonio de' Medici 6496:Medico di Potrone 6434:Peruzzi de' Medici 3935:*1331 ? †1388 2662:*1167 ? †1210 2497:*1131 ? †1192 2372:*1099 ? †1147 2247:*1069 ? †1123 2122:*1046 ? †1102 2030:four largest moons 2005:, painted for the 1995:Henry IV of France 1932: 1864: 1862:(circa 1483–1485). 1834:Medici family tree 1822:Congress of Vienna 1649:Henry IV of France 1641: 1618: 1456: 1413:Henry IV of France 1374:Johanna of Austria 1292: 1166: 1079:Archbishop of Pisa 1048:Pope Innocent VIII 1032:Lorenzo de' Medici 986: 879:Lorenzo de' Medici 834: 820: 249:Lorenzo de' Medici 218:Prince of Ottajano 20619: 20618: 20040: 20039: 19952:Habsburg-Lorraine 19793: 19792: 19766:Building projects 19725:Château d'Amboise 19628:Diane de Poitiers 19578:(daughter-in-law) 19376: 19375: 19315:Arazzeria Medicea 19241: 19240: 19129:Leonardo da Vinci 19102:Sandro Botticelli 19078: 19077: 19018:San Piero a Sieve 18719: 18718: 18618:Bernardo Salviati 18608:Giovanni Salviati 18414:Dukes of Florence 18373:Piero "The Brief" 18363:Piero "The Gouty" 18351:Lords of Florence 18304: 18303: 18298:House of Lorraine 18295:Succeeded by 18256:Duchy of Florence 18216:The Medici Family 18212:The Medici Family 17985:: 1–27, 343–344. 17625:Three more sons: 17261:Strathen, p. 368. 16486:) was granted by 16394: 16393: 16338:28 February 1621 16318:28 February 1621 16315:17 February 1609 16295:17 February 1609 16208: 16207: 16202:Lorenzo the Elder 16167:Siege of Florence 16116:Dukes of Florence 16113: 16112: 16103:19 November 1523 16073:19 November 1523 15861:Cosimo de' Medici 15811: 15810: 15647:(1671–1737) 15638:(1673–1741) 15629:(1668–1693) 15620:(1658–1716) 15611:(1667–1743) 15598:(1663–1713) 15108:(1615–1690) 15097:(1660–1711) 15088:(1645–1721) 15073:(1642–1723) 15062:(1639–1639) 15060:Cosimo de' Medici 14809:(1617–1675) 14800:(1628–1662) 14791:(1616–1676) 14772:(1613–1667) 14770:Matteo de' Medici 14757:(1612–1679) 14746:(1611–1663) 14735:(1622–1694) 14724:(1610–1670) 14713:(1609–1632) 14345:(1586–1632) 14336:(1604–1648) 14327:(1605–1625) 14316:(1589–1631) 14301:(1590–1621) 14290:(1608–1660) 14287:Gaston of Orléans 14265:(1606–1663) 14070:(1600–1648) 14057:(1595–1666) 14041:(1593–1629) 14026:(1577–1582) 14023:Philip de' Medici 14010:(1575–1642) 14001:(1571–1572) 13994:(1568–1568) 13992:Romola de' Medici 13883:(1540–1590) 13872:(1600–1633) 13861:(1599–1602) 13852:(1594–1614) 13841:(1591–1617) 13826:(1576–1621) 13808:(1569–1584) 13790:(1566–1611) 13581:(1566–1566) 13574:(1563–1621) 13557:(1549–1609) 13548:(1565–1637) 13517:(1548–1587) 13504:(1541–1587) 13493:(1547–1578) 13265:(1553–1553) 13247:(1547–1562) 13244:Garzia de' Medici 13238:(1554–1604) 13235:Pietro de' Medici 13228:Alfonso II d'Este 13222:(1545–1561) 13208:(1543–1562) 13192:(1542–1576) 13181:(1540–1557) 13172:(1537–1542) 12615:(1519–1574) 12606:(1522–1562) 12603:Eleanor of Toledo 12467:(1499–1543) 12458:(1498–1526) 12400: 12399: 12374:(1631–1660) 12356:(1601–1666) 12338:(1602–1644) 12305:(1608–1636) 12137:(1609–1669) 12128:(1608–1660) 12119:(1607–1611) 12103:(1606–1663) 12058:Cosimo de' Medici 11860:(1549–1609) 11851:(1565–1637) 11842:(1575–1642) 11820:(1553–1615) 11811:(1545–1568) 11785:(1560–1606) 11775:Giulio de' Medici 11642:(1547–1575) 11631:(1541–1587) 11622:(1555–1584) 11580:(1538–1565) 11577:Porzia de' Medici 11568:Giulia de' Medici 11227:(1519–1574) 11176:(1519–1589) 11163:(1510–1537) 11140:(1535–1605) 10947:(1523–1583) 10922:(1514–1548) 10911:(1510–1571) 10909:Alamanno Salviati 10897:(1510–1558) 10513:(1498–1526) 10500:(1499–1543) 10487:(1508–1568) 10484:Bernardo Salviati 10476:Sigismund de Luna 10466:(1498–1524) 10464:Battista Salviati 10445:(1495–1552) 10431:(1493–1528) 10408:(1492–1519) 10397:(1492–1539) 10386:(1490–1553) 10383:Giovanni Salviati 9982:(1487–1525) 9961:(1511–1535) 9750:(1488–1495) 9733:(1478–1534) 9730:Giulio de' Medici 9720:(1479–1516) 9706:(1478–1515) 9697:(1477–1488) 9686:(1475–1521) 9670:(1473–1528) 9654:(1471–1503) 9652:(the Unfortunate) 9637:(1470–1553) 9272:(1467–1498) 9243:(1463–1503) 9226:(1452–1461) 9224:Cosimo de' Medici 9219:(1453–1478) 9201:(1449–1492) 9199:(the Magnificent) 9190:Bernardo Rucellai 9185:(1448–1493) 9166:(1445–1505) 9163:Bianca de' Medici 9152:(1445–1472) 8821:(1431–1476) 8811:(?–ca.1440) 8789:(1421–1463) 8770:(1430–1492) 8753:(1425–1482) 8733:(1416–1469) 8410:(1395–1440) 8366:(1389–1464) 8361:Cosimo de' Medici 8341:(1389–1390) 8339:Damian de' Medici 7966:(1360–1429) 7761:(1320–1363) 7561:(1300–1346) 7357:(1270–1319) 6990:(1167–1210) 6867:(1131–1192) 6744:(1099–1147) 6621:(1069–1123) 6498:(1046–1102) 6452: 6451: 6444: 6343: 6330: 6315: 6302: 6289: 6164: 6148: 6135: 6023: 6010: 5997: 5981: 5968: 5843: 5830: 5817: 5710: 5679: 5666: 5651: 5536: 5521: 5504: 5491: 5474: 5337: 5318: 5303: 5290: 5273: 5258: 5119: 5106: 5093: 5076: 5055: 5042: 5029: 5016: 4859: 4846: 4824: 4807: 4791: 4778: 4760: 4745: 4592: 4572: 4555: 4542: 4529: 4516: 4475: 4300: 4287: 4256: 4243: 4220: 4203: 4044: 4023: 4006: 3996:Conte di Averardo 3989: 3968: 3955: 3936: 3923: 3908: 3759: 3741: 3728: 3715: 3693: 3680: 3662: 3646: 3633: 3618: 3602: 3403: 3385: 3366: 3341: 3320: 3307: 3150: 3132: 3114: 3090: 3069: 2897: 2882: 2849: 2700: 2663: 2498: 2373: 2248: 2123: 2117:Medico di Potrone 2011:Peter Paul Rubens 2009:by court painter 2007:Luxembourg Palace 1979:Buonaccorso Pitti 1975:Eleanor of Toledo 1930:fresco (c. 1459). 1913:Leonardo da Vinci 1887:and commissioned 1854:Sandro Botticelli 1813:Habsburg-Lorraine 1756:Patto di Famiglia 1707:Philip V of Spain 1703:Elisabeth Farnese 1680:Republic of Siena 1362:Republic of Genoa 1314:House of Lorraine 1304:—the future King 1286:, founder of the 1250:by the armies of 1224:and the infamous 1209:The Last Judgment 1132:Lorenzo the Elder 959:. Giovanni's son 791:is the plural of 737:Leonardo da Vinci 570:Cosimo de' Medici 562:political dynasty 448: 447: 244:Cosimo de' Medici 78:) was granted by 16:(Redirected from 20674: 20652:Banking families 20074:Banking families 20067: 20060: 20053: 20044: 20043: 19820: 19813: 19806: 19797: 19796: 19785: 19784: 19745:Château of Blois 19740:Palais du Louvre 19555:Pope Clement VII 19518:House of Bourbon 19403: 19396: 19389: 19380: 19379: 19351:Pazzi conspiracy 19310:Venus de' Medici 19300:Medici porcelain 19170:Agnolo Poliziano 19087: 19086: 18845:Poggio Imperiale 18743: 18742: 18733: 18727: 18659:Bernardo Antonio 18633:Ferrante Gonzaga 18484:Queens of France 18348: 18347: 18330: 18323: 18316: 18307: 18306: 18267: 18238:House of Medici 18226: 18225: 18123:The Medici Popes 18041:Miles J. Unger, 18037: 18025: 18003: 18002: 17974: 17968: 17967: 17959: 17953: 17952: 17944: 17938: 17937: 17925: 17919: 17903: 17897: 17896: 17888: 17882: 17881: 17879: 17877: 17861: 17855: 17854: 17846: 17840: 17833: 17827: 17820: 17814: 17811: 17803: 17797: 17794: 17786: 17780: 17777: 17769: 17761: 17755: 17752: 17746: 17745: 17743: 17741: 17722: 17716: 17701: 17693: 17687: 17660: 17654: 17623: 17617: 17606: 17600: 17599: 17597: 17596: 17587:. Archived from 17576: 17570: 17569:Hibbard, p. 240. 17567: 17561: 17537: 17531: 17526:Howard Hibbard, 17524: 17518: 17515: 17509: 17508: 17506: 17504: 17484: 17478: 17475: 17469: 17466: 17460: 17457: 17451: 17450: 17448: 17446: 17436: 17430: 17427: 17421: 17418: 17412: 17409: 17403: 17400: 17394: 17391: 17385: 17382: 17376: 17373: 17367: 17364: 17358: 17355: 17349: 17346: 17340: 17337: 17331: 17328: 17322: 17319: 17310: 17307: 17301: 17298: 17292: 17289: 17280: 17277: 17271: 17268: 17262: 17259: 17253: 17250: 17244: 17241: 17232: 17229: 17223: 17220: 17214: 17211: 17205: 17202: 17193: 17186: 17180: 17179: 17151: 17145: 17142: 17136: 17133: 17127: 17126: 17124: 17122: 17099: 17093: 17082: 17073: 17072: 17052: 17046: 17045: 17027: 17021: 17020: 17010: 17004: 16991: 16989: 16983:. Archived from 16959:(6): 1259–1319. 16950: 16941: 16935: 16928: 16922: 16921: 16919: 16918: 16907: 16901: 16894: 16888: 16887:Strathern, p. 18 16885: 16879: 16857: 16851: 16848: 16842: 16841: 16821: 16815: 16814: 16812: 16811: 16796: 16790: 16789: 16761: 16755: 16754: 16752: 16750: 16736: 16730: 16722:Pope Clement VII 16714: 16708: 16707: 16705: 16703: 16683: 16677: 16676: 16674: 16672: 16656: 16650: 16649: 16641: 16635: 16625: 16571: 16559: 16547: 16535: 16523: 16511: 16499: 16475: 16460: 16448: 16384:31 October 1723 16376: 16364:31 October 1723 16353: 16330: 16307: 16292:17 October 1587 16284: 16272:17 October 1587 16261: 16239: 16215: 16178: 16165:during imperial 16155:24 October 1529 16144: 16120: 16106:24 October 1529 16095: 16083:Pope Clement VII 16062: 16035: 16012: 15989: 15965:8 November 1494 15948: 15933:2 December 1469 15919: 15907:2 December 1469 15890: 15857: 15833: 15589:1673–1731) 14054:Carlo de' Medici 14007:Marie de' Medici 13178:Maria de' Medici 12623:Camilla Martelli 12419: 12418: 11839:Marie de' Medici 11165:Duke of Florence 10456:Iacopo V Appiani 10395:Lorenzo Salviati 9735:Pope Clement VII 9694:Luisa de' Medici 9661:Alfonsina Orsini 9656:Lord of Florence 9203:Lord of Florence 9150:Maria de' Medici 8767:Carlo de' Medici 6619:Bono di Potrone 6469: 6468: 6442: 6441: 6430: 6339: 6333: 6326: 6320: 6311: 6309:Anna Maria Luisa 6305: 6298: 6292: 6285: 6279: 6157: 6151: 6144: 6138: 6128: 6122: 6019: 6013: 6006: 6000: 5990: 5984: 5977: 5971: 5964: 5958: 5839: 5833: 5826: 5820: 5813: 5807: 5706: 5700: 5675: 5669: 5662: 5656: 5647: 5641: 5532: 5526: 5517: 5511: 5500: 5494: 5487: 5481: 5470: 5464: 5335: 5334: 5323: 5314: 5308: 5299: 5293: 5286: 5280: 5269: 5263: 5254: 5248: 5115: 5109: 5102: 5096: 5089: 5083: 5072: 5066: 5051: 5045: 5038: 5032: 5025: 5019: 5012: 5006: 4855: 4849: 4839: 4833: 4820: 4814: 4800: 4794: 4787: 4781: 4771: 4765: 4756: 4750: 4741: 4735: 4585: 4579: 4570: 4569: 4558: 4551: 4545: 4538: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4512: 4506: 4471: 4465: 4298: 4294: 4283: 4277: 4252: 4246: 4241: 4240: 4229: 4218: 4217: 4206: 4201: 4200: 4189: 4040: 4034: 4021: 4020: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3992: 3985: 3979: 3964: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3939: 3932: 3926: 3919: 3913: 3906: 3905: 3892: 3752: 3746: 3737: 3731: 3724: 3718: 3708: 3702: 3689: 3683: 3673: 3667: 3655: 3649: 3642: 3636: 3629: 3623: 3611: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3396: 3390: 3381: 3375: 3362: 3356: 3337: 3331: 3316: 3310: 3303: 3297: 3143: 3137: 3125: 3119: 3107: 3101: 3086: 3080: 3062: 3056: 2893: 2887: 2878: 2872: 2845: 2839: 2696: 2690: 2659: 2653: 2494: 2488: 2369: 2363: 2244: 2238: 2119: 2113: 2062: 2061: 1991:Marie de' Medici 1880:High Renaissance 1850:Piero de' Medici 1790:Duke of Lorraine 1672:Battle of Vienna 1637:Antonio Bellucci 1634: 1498:Sidereus Nuncius 1382:Marie de' Medici 1318:Claude of Valois 1241:Pope Clement VII 1128:Duke of Florence 1113: 1063:Pazzi conspiracy 1021:Piero de' Medici 968: 961:Cosimo the Elder 848:House of Albizzi 769:Council of Trent 652:flourished. The 647: 631:(r. 1670–1723). 617:Duke of Florence 613:Marie de' Medici 611:(1547–1559) and 603:(1559–1565) and 597:Pope Clement VII 552: 547: 540: 534: 533: 530: 529: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 504: 493: 488: 487: 484: 483: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 458: 441: 404: 402: 354:Medici porcelain 340: 279:Marie de' Medici 259:Pope Clement VII 202:Lord of Florence 197:Duke of Florence 188:(non-hereditary) 146: 144: 139: 64: 45: 44: 21: 20682: 20681: 20677: 20676: 20675: 20673: 20672: 20671: 20632:House of Medici 20622: 20621: 20620: 20615: 20599: 20533: 20497: 20466: 20400: 20339: 20082: 20076: 20071: 20041: 20036: 19833: 19824: 19794: 19789: 19775: 19771:Court Festivals 19749: 19698: 19632: 19551:(paternal aunt) 19537: 19513:House of Valois 19508:House of Medici 19500: 19494: 19412: 19407: 19377: 19372: 19319: 19283: 19267: 19237: 19216: 19212:Galileo Galilei 19200: 19196:Marsilio Ficino 19179: 19158: 19074: 19032: 18986: 18977:Medici fountain 18965: 18899: 18785:Poggio a Caiano 18734: 18729: 18728: 18715: 18699: 18673: 18642: 18628:Lorenzo Strozzi 18623:Niccolò Ridolfi 18603:Luigi de' Rossi 18597: 18590:Francesco Maria 18526: 18500: 18479: 18431: 18408: 18339: 18337:House of Medici 18334: 18300: 18291: 18279: 18276: 18265: 18259: 18240: 18235: 18188: 18183: 18168:New York City: 18154:New York City: 18143: 18141:Further reading 18113:Wayback Machine 18073:The Last Medici 18034: 18011: 18006: 17975: 17971: 17960: 17956: 17945: 17941: 17926: 17922: 17915:Wayback Machine 17904: 17900: 17889: 17885: 17875: 17873: 17862: 17858: 17847: 17843: 17834: 17830: 17821: 17817: 17807: 17804: 17800: 17790: 17787: 17783: 17773: 17765: 17762: 17758: 17753: 17749: 17739: 17737: 17723: 17719: 17697: 17694: 17690: 17661: 17657: 17624: 17620: 17608:Two more sons: 17607: 17603: 17594: 17592: 17583: 17577: 17573: 17568: 17564: 17551:Wayback Machine 17538: 17534: 17525: 17521: 17517:Hibbert, p. 60. 17516: 17512: 17502: 17500: 17485: 17481: 17476: 17472: 17467: 17463: 17458: 17454: 17444: 17442: 17438: 17437: 17433: 17428: 17424: 17419: 17415: 17410: 17406: 17401: 17397: 17392: 17388: 17383: 17379: 17374: 17370: 17365: 17361: 17356: 17352: 17347: 17343: 17338: 17334: 17329: 17325: 17320: 17313: 17308: 17304: 17299: 17295: 17290: 17283: 17278: 17274: 17269: 17265: 17260: 17256: 17251: 17247: 17242: 17235: 17230: 17226: 17221: 17217: 17212: 17208: 17203: 17196: 17187: 17183: 17168: 17152: 17148: 17143: 17139: 17134: 17130: 17120: 17118: 17116: 17100: 17096: 17083: 17076: 17069: 17053: 17049: 17029: 17028: 17024: 17011: 17007: 17001:Wayback Machine 16987: 16948: 16942: 16938: 16930:Crum, Roger J. 16929: 16925: 16916: 16914: 16909: 16908: 16904: 16895: 16891: 16886: 16882: 16868:Wayback Machine 16858: 16854: 16849: 16845: 16838: 16822: 16818: 16809: 16807: 16798: 16797: 16793: 16762: 16758: 16748: 16746: 16738: 16737: 16733: 16715: 16711: 16701: 16699: 16685: 16684: 16680: 16670: 16668: 16657: 16653: 16642: 16638: 16627:John Woodward, 16626: 16619: 16615: 16582: 16575: 16572: 16563: 16560: 16551: 16548: 16539: 16536: 16527: 16524: 16515: 16512: 16503: 16500: 16491: 16476: 16467: 16461: 16452: 16449: 16399: 16247:6 January 1569 16213: 16186:6 January 1537 16158:6 January 1537 16118: 15997:31 August 1512 15954: 15925: 15899:Piero the Gouty 15896: 15863: 15831: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15812: 15648: 15646: 15637: 15628: 15619: 15610: 15597: 15588: 15107: 15098: 15096: 15087: 15074: 15072: 15061: 14810: 14808: 14799: 14790: 14788:Anna de' Medici 14782: 14780: 14763:Odoardo Farnese 14758: 14756: 14747: 14745: 14734: 14725: 14723: 14712: 14353: 14344: 14335: 14326: 14315: 14302: 14300: 14289: 14280: 14266: 14264: 14069: 14058: 14056: 14042: 14040: 14025: 14011: 14009: 14000: 13993: 13882: 13871: 13860: 13851: 13840: 13825: 13807: 13805:Anna de' Medici 13791: 13789: 13580: 13573: 13558: 13556: 13547: 13516: 13514:Bianca Cappello 13505: 13503: 13492: 13284: 13282: 13271: 13264: 13263:Anna de' Medici 13255: 13246: 13237: 13223: 13221: 13209: 13207: 13193: 13191: 13180: 13171: 12636: 12625: 12616: 12614: 12605: 12466: 12457: 12416: 12413: 12402: 12401: 12389: 12375: 12373: 12364: 12355: 12353:Anne of Austria 12346: 12337: 12328: 12306: 12304: 12138: 12136: 12127: 12118: 12104: 12102: 12100:Christine Marie 12075: 12059: 12052: 11861: 11859: 11850: 11841: 11828: 11819: 11810: 11801: 11784: 11777: 11643: 11641: 11632: 11630: 11621: 11610: 11599: 11588: 11579: 11570: 11228: 11226: 11175: 11164: 11162: 11160: 11141: 11139: 10965: 10963: 10946: 10939: 10938:Roberto Strozzi 10930: 10928: 10921: 10919: 10910: 10903: 10896: 10867: 10512: 10506: 10499: 10488: 10486: 10472: 10465: 10451: 10446: 10444: 10437:Filippo Strozzi 10432: 10430: 10421: 10409: 10407: 10396: 10387: 10385: 10016: 10007: 10000: 9995: 9993: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9962: 9960: 9765: 9760: 9758: 9749: 9747: 9734: 9732: 9723:Duke of Nemours 9721: 9719: 9707: 9705: 9696: 9687: 9685: 9671: 9669: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9643:Jacopo Salviati 9638: 9636: 9289: 9279: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9249: 9244: 9242: 9225: 9218: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9167: 9165: 9153: 9151: 9144: 8822: 8820: 8810: 8790: 8788: 8769: 8752: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8378: 8365: 8363: 8340: 8333: 7967: 7965: 7828: 7762: 7760: 7623: 7560: 7356: 7233: 6989: 6866: 6743: 6620: 6497: 6466: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6436: 6432: 6341: 6335: 6328: 6322: 6313: 6307: 6300: 6294: 6287: 6281: 6159: 6153: 6146: 6140: 6130: 6124: 6021: 6017:Nicolò Giuseppe 6015: 6008: 6002: 5992: 5986: 5979: 5973: 5966: 5960: 5841: 5835: 5828: 5822: 5815: 5809: 5708: 5702: 5677: 5671: 5664: 5658: 5649: 5643: 5534: 5528: 5519: 5513: 5502: 5496: 5489: 5483: 5472: 5466: 5329: 5325: 5316: 5310: 5301: 5295: 5288: 5282: 5271: 5265: 5256: 5250: 5117: 5111: 5104: 5098: 5091: 5085: 5074: 5068: 5053: 5047: 5040: 5034: 5027: 5021: 5014: 5008: 4857: 4851: 4841: 4835: 4822: 4816: 4802: 4796: 4789: 4783: 4773: 4767: 4758: 4752: 4743: 4737: 4587: 4581: 4564: 4560: 4553: 4547: 4540: 4534: 4527: 4521: 4514: 4508: 4473: 4467: 4296: 4285: 4279: 4254: 4248: 4235: 4231: 4212: 4208: 4195: 4193:Vieri di Cambio 4191: 4042: 4036: 4015: 4011: 4000: 3994: 3987: 3981: 3966: 3960: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3934: 3928: 3921: 3915: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3754: 3748: 3739: 3733: 3726: 3720: 3710: 3704: 3691: 3685: 3675: 3669: 3657: 3651: 3644: 3638: 3631: 3625: 3613: 3607: 3600: 3594: 3398: 3392: 3383: 3377: 3364: 3358: 3339: 3333: 3318: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3145: 3139: 3127: 3121: 3109: 3103: 3088: 3082: 3064: 3058: 2895: 2889: 2880: 2874: 2847: 2841: 2698: 2692: 2661: 2655: 2496: 2490: 2371: 2365: 2246: 2240: 2121: 2115: 2059: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2018:Galileo Galilei 1928:Benozzo Gozzoli 1842: 1809:secundogeniture 1792:and husband of 1786:Francis Stephen 1610: 1530:Pope Urban VIII 1494:Galileo Galilei 1490:Anna de' Medici 1437: 1334: 1294: 1293: 1199:Transfiguration 1168: 1167: 1156: 1120: 1115: 1108: 946: 850:. In 1293, the 836: 835: 807: 781: 637:Arte della Lana 545: 538: 508: 499: 498: 491: 462: 456: 455: 452:House of Medici 444: 435: 424: 423: 418: 400: 398: 389: 370:Palazzo Vecchio 358: 338: 332: 331: 318: 317: 283: 227: 223:Queen of France 213:Duke of Nemours 142: 140: 137: 118:Place of origin 104:Duchy of Urbino 102: 98: 94: 83: 67: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20680: 20670: 20669: 20664: 20659: 20654: 20649: 20647:Papal families 20644: 20639: 20634: 20617: 20616: 20614: 20613: 20607: 20605: 20601: 20600: 20598: 20597: 20592: 20587: 20582: 20577: 20572: 20567: 20562: 20557: 20552: 20547: 20541: 20539: 20535: 20534: 20532: 20531: 20526: 20521: 20516: 20511: 20505: 20503: 20499: 20498: 20496: 20495: 20490: 20485: 20480: 20474: 20472: 20468: 20467: 20465: 20464: 20459: 20454: 20449: 20444: 20439: 20434: 20429: 20424: 20419: 20414: 20408: 20406: 20402: 20401: 20399: 20398: 20393: 20388: 20383: 20378: 20373: 20368: 20363: 20358: 20353: 20347: 20345: 20341: 20340: 20338: 20337: 20332: 20327: 20322: 20317: 20312: 20307: 20302: 20297: 20292: 20287: 20282: 20277: 20272: 20267: 20262: 20257: 20252: 20247: 20242: 20237: 20232: 20227: 20222: 20217: 20212: 20207: 20202: 20197: 20192: 20187: 20182: 20177: 20172: 20167: 20162: 20157: 20152: 20147: 20142: 20137: 20132: 20127: 20122: 20117: 20112: 20107: 20102: 20097: 20092: 20086: 20084: 20078: 20077: 20070: 20069: 20062: 20055: 20047: 20038: 20037: 20035: 20034: 20029: 20024: 20019: 20014: 20009: 20004: 19999: 19994: 19989: 19984: 19979: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19959: 19954: 19949: 19944: 19939: 19934: 19929: 19924: 19919: 19914: 19909: 19904: 19899: 19894: 19889: 19884: 19879: 19874: 19869: 19864: 19859: 19854: 19849: 19844: 19838: 19835: 19834: 19823: 19822: 19815: 19808: 19800: 19791: 19790: 19780: 19777: 19776: 19774: 19773: 19768: 19763: 19757: 19755: 19751: 19750: 19748: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19712: 19706: 19704: 19700: 19699: 19697: 19696: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19640: 19638: 19634: 19633: 19631: 19630: 19625: 19620: 19615: 19610: 19605: 19600: 19595: 19590: 19585: 19579: 19573: 19568: 19563: 19558: 19552: 19545: 19543: 19539: 19538: 19536: 19535: 19530: 19525: 19523:House of Guise 19520: 19515: 19510: 19504: 19502: 19496: 19495: 19493: 19492: 19487: 19481: 19475: 19469: 19463: 19457: 19451: 19445: 19439: 19433: 19427: 19420: 19418: 19414: 19413: 19406: 19405: 19398: 19391: 19383: 19374: 19373: 19371: 19370: 19369: 19368: 19358: 19353: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19336:Galilean moons 19333: 19331:Medici giraffe 19327: 19325: 19321: 19320: 19318: 19317: 19312: 19307: 19302: 19297: 19291: 19289: 19285: 19284: 19282: 19281: 19275: 19273: 19269: 19268: 19266: 19265: 19260: 19255: 19249: 19247: 19243: 19242: 19239: 19238: 19236: 19235: 19230: 19224: 19222: 19218: 19217: 19215: 19214: 19208: 19206: 19202: 19201: 19199: 19198: 19193: 19187: 19185: 19181: 19180: 19178: 19177: 19172: 19166: 19164: 19160: 19159: 19157: 19156: 19154:Giorgio Vasari 19151: 19146: 19141: 19136: 19131: 19126: 19121: 19120: 19119: 19109: 19104: 19099: 19093: 19091: 19084: 19080: 19079: 19076: 19075: 19073: 19072: 19067: 19066: 19065: 19060: 19049:Medici Chapels 19046: 19040: 19038: 19034: 19033: 19031: 19030: 19025: 19020: 19015: 19010: 19005: 19000: 18994: 18992: 18988: 18987: 18985: 18984: 18979: 18973: 18971: 18967: 18966: 18964: 18963: 18958: 18953: 18948: 18943: 18938: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18921:Palazzo Madama 18918: 18913: 18907: 18905: 18901: 18900: 18898: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18882: 18877: 18875:Montevettolini 18872: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18832: 18827: 18822: 18817: 18812: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18792: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18757: 18751: 18749: 18740: 18736: 18735: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18716: 18714: 18713: 18707: 18705: 18701: 18700: 18698: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18681: 18679: 18675: 18674: 18672: 18671: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18650: 18648: 18644: 18643: 18641: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18613:Innocenzo Cybo 18610: 18605: 18592: 18587: 18582: 18577: 18572: 18567: 18562: 18556: 18551: 18545: 18534: 18532: 18528: 18527: 18525: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18508: 18506: 18502: 18501: 18499: 18498: 18493: 18487: 18485: 18481: 18480: 18478: 18477: 18472: 18467: 18462: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18441: 18439: 18433: 18432: 18430: 18429: 18424: 18418: 18416: 18410: 18409: 18407: 18406: 18401: 18396: 18390: 18385: 18380: 18375: 18370: 18365: 18360: 18354: 18352: 18345: 18341: 18340: 18333: 18332: 18325: 18318: 18310: 18302: 18301: 18296: 18293: 18280: 18277: 18270: 18269: 18261: 18248: 18242: 18241: 18236: 18229: 18224: 18223: 18218: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18187: 18186:External links 18184: 18182: 18181: 18178:978-0393058277 18159: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18138: 18137: 18130:Jonathan Zophy 18127: 18115: 18103: 18096:Lauro Martines 18093: 18086:Paul Strathern 18083: 18066: 18056: 18046: 18039: 18032: 18010: 18007: 18005: 18004: 17969: 17954: 17939: 17920: 17898: 17883: 17870:The Florentine 17856: 17841: 17828: 17822:One more son: 17815: 17798: 17781: 17756: 17747: 17728:, (?–?). Cfr. 17717: 17695:One more son: 17688: 17655: 17618: 17601: 17571: 17562: 17532: 17519: 17510: 17479: 17477:Acton, p. 309. 17470: 17468:Acton, p. 310. 17461: 17459:Acton, p. 209. 17452: 17431: 17429:Acton, p. 304. 17422: 17420:Acton, p. 301. 17413: 17411:Acton, p. 188. 17404: 17402:Acton, p. 280. 17395: 17393:Acton, p. 175. 17386: 17377: 17368: 17366:Acton, p. 243. 17359: 17357:Acton, p. 182. 17350: 17348:Acton, p. 112. 17341: 17339:Acton, p. 108. 17332: 17323: 17311: 17302: 17293: 17291:Acton, p. 192. 17281: 17279:Acton, p. 111. 17272: 17263: 17254: 17245: 17233: 17224: 17215: 17206: 17194: 17181: 17166: 17146: 17137: 17128: 17114: 17094: 17074: 17067: 17047: 17022: 17019:. p. 221. 17005: 16990:on 2020-03-03. 16965:10.1086/230190 16936: 16923: 16902: 16889: 16880: 16852: 16843: 16836: 16816: 16791: 16756: 16731: 16709: 16678: 16651: 16636: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16610: 16609: 16603: 16596:Strozzi family 16593: 16588: 16581: 16578: 16577: 16576: 16573: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16554: 16552: 16549: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16518: 16516: 16513: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16494: 16492: 16477: 16470: 16468: 16462: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16443: 16398: 16395: 16392: 16391: 16388: 16385: 16382: 16377: 16369: 16368: 16365: 16362: 16359: 16354: 16346: 16345: 16342: 16339: 16336: 16331: 16323: 16322: 16319: 16316: 16313: 16308: 16300: 16299: 16296: 16293: 16290: 16285: 16277: 16276: 16273: 16270: 16269:21 April 1574 16267: 16262: 16254: 16253: 16251: 16250:21 April 1574 16248: 16245: 16240: 16232: 16231: 16228: 16225: 16222: 16219: 16212: 16209: 16206: 16205: 16190: 16189:21 April 1574 16187: 16184: 16179: 16171: 16170: 16159: 16156: 16153: 16145: 16137: 16136: 16133: 16130: 16127: 16124: 16117: 16114: 16111: 16110: 16107: 16104: 16101: 16096: 16088: 16087: 16074: 16071: 16068: 16063: 16055: 16054: 16047: 16044: 16043:17 March 1516 16041: 16036: 16028: 16027: 16024: 16023:17 March 1516 16021: 16018: 16013: 16005: 16004: 16001: 15998: 15995: 15990: 15982: 15981: 15978:Piero Soderini 15966: 15963: 15960: 15949: 15941: 15940: 15937: 15934: 15931: 15920: 15912: 15911: 15908: 15905: 15904:1 August 1464 15902: 15891: 15883: 15882: 15875: 15874:1 August 1464 15872: 15869: 15858: 15850: 15849: 15846: 15843: 15840: 15837: 15830: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15809: 15807: 15806: 15804: 15802: 15800: 15798: 15796: 15794: 15792: 15790: 15788: 15786: 15784: 15782: 15780: 15778: 15776: 15774: 15772: 15770: 15768: 15766: 15764: 15762: 15760: 15758: 15756: 15754: 15752: 15750: 15748: 15746: 15744: 15742: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15732: 15730: 15728: 15726: 15724: 15722: 15720: 15718: 15716: 15714: 15712: 15710: 15708: 15706: 15704: 15702: 15700: 15698: 15696: 15694: 15692: 15690: 15688: 15686: 15684: 15682: 15680: 15678: 15676: 15674: 15672: 15670: 15668: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15660: 15658: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15650: 15641: 15639: 15632: 15630: 15623: 15621: 15614: 15612: 15605: 15603: 15601: 15599: 15592: 15590: 15583: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15575: 15573: 15571: 15569: 15567: 15565: 15563: 15561: 15559: 15557: 15555: 15553: 15551: 15549: 15547: 15545: 15543: 15541: 15539: 15537: 15535: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15527: 15525: 15523: 15521: 15519: 15517: 15515: 15513: 15511: 15509: 15507: 15505: 15503: 15501: 15499: 15497: 15495: 15493: 15491: 15489: 15487: 15485: 15483: 15481: 15479: 15477: 15475: 15473: 15471: 15469: 15467: 15465: 15463: 15461: 15459: 15457: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15449: 15447: 15445: 15443: 15441: 15439: 15437: 15435: 15433: 15431: 15429: 15427: 15425: 15423: 15421: 15419: 15417: 15415: 15413: 15411: 15409: 15407: 15405: 15403: 15401: 15399: 15397: 15395: 15393: 15391: 15389: 15387: 15385: 15383: 15381: 15379: 15377: 15375: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15367: 15365: 15363: 15361: 15359: 15357: 15355: 15353: 15351: 15349: 15347: 15345: 15343: 15341: 15339: 15337: 15335: 15333: 15331: 15329: 15327: 15325: 15323: 15321: 15319: 15317: 15315: 15313: 15311: 15309: 15307: 15305: 15303: 15301: 15299: 15297: 15295: 15293: 15291: 15289: 15287: 15285: 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13616: 13614: 13612: 13610: 13608: 13606: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13598: 13596: 13594: 13592: 13590: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13582: 13577: 13575: 13568: 13566: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13551: 13549: 13542: 13540: 13538: 13536: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13528: 13526: 13524: 13522: 13520: 13518: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13498: 13496: 13494: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13481: 13479: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13471: 13469: 13467: 13465: 13463: 13461: 13459: 13457: 13455: 13453: 13451: 13449: 13447: 13445: 13443: 13441: 13439: 13437: 13435: 13433: 13431: 13429: 13427: 13425: 13423: 13421: 13419: 13417: 13415: 13413: 13411: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13399: 13397: 13395: 13393: 13391: 13389: 13387: 13385: 13383: 13381: 13379: 13377: 13375: 13373: 13371: 13369: 13367: 13365: 13363: 13361: 13359: 13357: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13349: 13347: 13345: 13343: 13341: 13339: 13337: 13335: 13333: 13331: 13329: 13327: 13325: 13323: 13321: 13319: 13317: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13291: 13277: 13275: 13273: 13268: 13266: 13261: 13259: 13257: 13252: 13250: 13248: 13241: 13239: 13232: 13230: 13216: 13214: 13211:Bishop of Pisa 13202: 13200: 13186: 13184: 13182: 13175: 13173: 13169:Bia de' Medici 13166: 13163: 13162: 13160: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13148: 13146: 13144: 13142: 13140: 13138: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13130: 13128: 13126: 13124: 13122: 13120: 13118: 13116: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13108: 13106: 13104: 13102: 13100: 13098: 13096: 13094: 13092: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13084: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13076: 13074: 13072: 13070: 13068: 13066: 13064: 13062: 13060: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13052: 13050: 13048: 13046: 13044: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13036: 13034: 13032: 13030: 13028: 13026: 13024: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13016: 13014: 13012: 13010: 13008: 13006: 13004: 13002: 13000: 12998: 12996: 12994: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12980: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12966: 12964: 12962: 12960: 12958: 12956: 12954: 12952: 12950: 12948: 12946: 12944: 12942: 12940: 12938: 12936: 12934: 12932: 12930: 12928: 12926: 12924: 12922: 12920: 12918: 12916: 12914: 12912: 12910: 12908: 12906: 12904: 12902: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12894: 12892: 12890: 12888: 12886: 12884: 12882: 12880: 12878: 12876: 12874: 12872: 12870: 12868: 12866: 12864: 12862: 12860: 12858: 12856: 12854: 12852: 12850: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12842: 12840: 12838: 12836: 12834: 12832: 12830: 12828: 12826: 12824: 12822: 12820: 12818: 12816: 12814: 12812: 12810: 12808: 12806: 12804: 12802: 12800: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12792: 12790: 12788: 12786: 12784: 12782: 12780: 12778: 12776: 12774: 12772: 12770: 12768: 12766: 12764: 12762: 12760: 12758: 12756: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12744: 12742: 12740: 12738: 12736: 12734: 12732: 12730: 12728: 12726: 12724: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12716: 12714: 12712: 12710: 12708: 12706: 12704: 12702: 12700: 12698: 12696: 12694: 12692: 12690: 12688: 12686: 12684: 12682: 12680: 12678: 12676: 12674: 12672: 12670: 12668: 12666: 12664: 12662: 12660: 12658: 12656: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12638: 12631: 12629: 12627: 12620: 12618: 12609: 12607: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12594: 12592: 12590: 12588: 12586: 12584: 12582: 12580: 12578: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12568: 12566: 12564: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12552: 12550: 12548: 12546: 12544: 12542: 12540: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12532: 12530: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12520: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12504: 12502: 12500: 12498: 12496: 12494: 12492: 12490: 12488: 12486: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12464:Maria Salviati 12461: 12459: 12452: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12438: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12426: 12424: 12422: 12414: 12406: 12398: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12391: 12384: 12382: 12368: 12366: 12359: 12357: 12350: 12348: 12341: 12339: 12332: 12330: 12323: 12321: 12319: 12317: 12315: 12313: 12311: 12310:Pietro Altemps 12301: 12299: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12291: 12289: 12287: 12285: 12283: 12281: 12279: 12277: 12275: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12267: 12265: 12263: 12261: 12259: 12257: 12255: 12253: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12245: 12243: 12241: 12239: 12237: 12235: 12233: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12219: 12217: 12215: 12213: 12211: 12209: 12207: 12205: 12203: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12195: 12193: 12191: 12189: 12187: 12185: 12183: 12181: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12173: 12171: 12169: 12167: 12165: 12163: 12161: 12159: 12157: 12155: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12145: 12131: 12129: 12122: 12120: 12113: 12111: 12097: 12095: 12093: 12091: 12089: 12087: 12085: 12083: 12081: 12079: 12077: 12070: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12056: 12054: 12053:(?–1634) 12048: 12047: 12045: 12043: 12041: 12039: 12037: 12035: 12033: 12031: 12029: 12027: 12025: 12023: 12021: 12019: 12017: 12015: 12013: 12011: 12009: 12007: 12005: 12003: 12001: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11987: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11973: 11971: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11961: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11945: 11943: 11941: 11939: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11925: 11923: 11921: 11919: 11917: 11915: 11913: 11911: 11909: 11907: 11905: 11903: 11901: 11899: 11897: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11889: 11887: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11871: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11863: 11854: 11852: 11845: 11843: 11836: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11823: 11821: 11814: 11812: 11805: 11803: 11796: 11794: 11792: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11781: 11779: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11766: 11764: 11762: 11760: 11758: 11756: 11754: 11752: 11750: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11742: 11740: 11738: 11736: 11734: 11732: 11730: 11728: 11726: 11724: 11722: 11720: 11718: 11716: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11708: 11706: 11704: 11702: 11700: 11698: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11682: 11680: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11672: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11656: 11654: 11652: 11650: 11636: 11634: 11625: 11623: 11616: 11614: 11612: 11605: 11603: 11601: 11594: 11592: 11590: 11583: 11581: 11574: 11572: 11565: 11563: 11558: 11556: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11542: 11540: 11538: 11536: 11534: 11532: 11530: 11528: 11526: 11524: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11516: 11514: 11512: 11510: 11508: 11506: 11504: 11502: 11500: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11442: 11440: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11432: 11430: 11428: 11426: 11424: 11422: 11420: 11418: 11416: 11414: 11412: 11410: 11408: 11406: 11404: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11390: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11382: 11380: 11378: 11376: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11358: 11356: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11348: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11340: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11326: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11286: 11284: 11282: 11280: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11264: 11262: 11260: 11258: 11256: 11254: 11252: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11240: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11232: 11230: 11221: 11219: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11203: 11201: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11193: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11181: 11179: 11177: 11170: 11168: 11166: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11133: 11132: 11130: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11110: 11108: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11100: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11086: 11084: 11082: 11080: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11068: 11066: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11022: 11020: 11018: 11016: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11008: 11006: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10958: 10956: 10954: 10952: 10950: 10948: 10943: 10941: 10936: 10934: 10925: 10923: 10914: 10912: 10907: 10905: 10904:(?–1559) 10900: 10898: 10891: 10889: 10887: 10885: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10878:Piero Salviati 10876: 10874: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10858: 10856: 10854: 10852: 10850: 10848: 10846: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10836: 10834: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10812: 10810: 10808: 10806: 10804: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10786: 10784: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10756: 10754: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10738: 10736: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10690: 10688: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10644: 10642: 10640: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10612: 10610: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10594: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10586: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10574: 10572: 10570: 10568: 10566: 10564: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10556: 10554: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10544: 10542: 10540: 10538: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10520: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10503: 10501: 10497:Maria Salviati 10494: 10492: 10490: 10481: 10479: 10477: 10471:Luisa Salviati 10469: 10467: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10443:Elena Salviati 10441: 10439: 10425: 10423: 10416: 10414: 10402: 10400: 10398: 10393: 10391: 10389: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10368: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10340: 10338: 10336: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10328: 10326: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10310: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10198: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10168: 10166: 10164: 10162: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10098: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10070: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10013: 10011: 10009: 10004: 10002: 9990: 9988: 9987:Maria Soderini 9974: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9755: 9753: 9751: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9727: 9725: 9714: 9712: 9700: 9698: 9691: 9689: 9680: 9678: 9664: 9662: 9647: 9645: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9515: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9455: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9291: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9237: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9229: 9227: 9222: 9220: 9213: 9211: 9209:Clarice Orsini 9193: 9191: 9177: 9175: 9171:Guglielmo de' 9160: 9158: 9148: 9146: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9009: 9007: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8917: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8814: 8812: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8337: 8335: 8334:(?–1398) 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7972:Piccarda Bueri 7960: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7727: 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7384: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 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2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2124: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2044: 2041: 1997:and mother of 1971:Sistine Chapel 1960:Palazzo Medici 1948:Boboli Gardens 1944:Uffizi Gallery 1924:Three Wise Men 1848:The family of 1841: 1838: 1692:Dutch Republic 1667:Royal Highness 1609: 1606: 1564:Wars of Castro 1522:Duke of Urbino 1436: 1433: 1397:mulberry trees 1333: 1330: 1277: 1276: 1158: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1119: 1116: 1100: 1083:Pope Sixtus IV 945: 942: 894:social network 809: 808: 806: 803: 785:Mugello region 780: 777: 757:Francesco Redi 702:general ledger 574:Mugello region 558:banking family 446: 445: 443: 442: 430: 421: 420: 419: 415: 414:Cadet branches 411: 410: 395: 391: 390: 388: 387: 382: 377: 372: 366: 364: 360: 359: 357: 356: 351: 346: 341: 329: 328: 327: 325: 321: 320: 309: 305: 304: 299: 295: 294: 289: 285: 284: 282: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 235: 233: 229: 228: 226: 225: 220: 215: 210: 208:Duke of Urbino 205: 199: 194: 189: 182: 180: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 134: 130: 129: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 89: 85: 84: 65: 57: 56: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20679: 20668: 20665: 20663: 20660: 20658: 20655: 20653: 20650: 20648: 20645: 20643: 20640: 20638: 20635: 20633: 20630: 20629: 20627: 20612: 20609: 20608: 20606: 20604:South America 20602: 20596: 20593: 20591: 20588: 20586: 20583: 20581: 20578: 20576: 20573: 20571: 20568: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20558: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20546: 20543: 20542: 20540: 20536: 20530: 20527: 20525: 20522: 20520: 20517: 20515: 20512: 20510: 20507: 20506: 20504: 20500: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20484: 20481: 20479: 20476: 20475: 20473: 20469: 20463: 20460: 20458: 20455: 20453: 20450: 20448: 20445: 20443: 20440: 20438: 20435: 20433: 20430: 20428: 20425: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20409: 20407: 20405:British Isles 20403: 20397: 20394: 20392: 20389: 20387: 20384: 20382: 20379: 20377: 20374: 20372: 20369: 20367: 20364: 20362: 20361:Goldman–Sachs 20359: 20357: 20354: 20352: 20349: 20348: 20346: 20344:United States 20342: 20336: 20333: 20331: 20328: 20326: 20323: 20321: 20318: 20316: 20313: 20311: 20308: 20306: 20303: 20301: 20298: 20296: 20293: 20291: 20288: 20286: 20283: 20281: 20278: 20276: 20273: 20271: 20268: 20266: 20263: 20261: 20258: 20256: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20241: 20238: 20236: 20233: 20231: 20228: 20226: 20223: 20221: 20220:Liechtenstein 20218: 20216: 20213: 20211: 20208: 20206: 20203: 20201: 20198: 20196: 20193: 20191: 20188: 20186: 20183: 20181: 20178: 20176: 20173: 20171: 20168: 20166: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20156: 20153: 20151: 20148: 20146: 20143: 20141: 20138: 20136: 20133: 20131: 20128: 20126: 20123: 20121: 20118: 20116: 20115:Bischoffsheim 20113: 20111: 20108: 20106: 20103: 20101: 20098: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20087: 20085: 20079: 20075: 20068: 20063: 20061: 20056: 20054: 20049: 20048: 20045: 20033: 20030: 20028: 20025: 20023: 20020: 20018: 20015: 20013: 20010: 20008: 20005: 20003: 20000: 19998: 19995: 19993: 19990: 19988: 19985: 19983: 19980: 19978: 19975: 19973: 19970: 19968: 19965: 19963: 19960: 19958: 19955: 19953: 19950: 19948: 19945: 19943: 19940: 19938: 19935: 19933: 19930: 19928: 19925: 19923: 19920: 19918: 19915: 19913: 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19895: 19893: 19890: 19888: 19887:Bourbon-Parma 19885: 19883: 19880: 19878: 19875: 19873: 19870: 19868: 19865: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19845: 19843: 19840: 19839: 19836: 19832: 19828: 19821: 19816: 19814: 19809: 19807: 19802: 19801: 19798: 19788: 19778: 19772: 19769: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19758: 19756: 19752: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19711: 19708: 19707: 19705: 19701: 19695: 19692: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19675: 19672: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19635: 19629: 19626: 19624: 19621: 19619: 19616: 19614: 19611: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19586: 19583: 19580: 19577: 19574: 19572: 19569: 19567: 19564: 19562: 19559: 19556: 19553: 19550: 19547: 19546: 19544: 19540: 19534: 19531: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19519: 19516: 19514: 19511: 19509: 19506: 19505: 19503: 19497: 19491: 19488: 19485: 19482: 19479: 19476: 19473: 19470: 19467: 19464: 19461: 19458: 19455: 19452: 19449: 19446: 19443: 19440: 19437: 19434: 19431: 19428: 19425: 19422: 19421: 19419: 19415: 19411: 19404: 19399: 19397: 19392: 19390: 19385: 19384: 19381: 19367: 19364: 19363: 19362: 19359: 19357: 19354: 19352: 19349: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19328: 19326: 19322: 19316: 19313: 19311: 19308: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19298: 19296: 19293: 19292: 19290: 19286: 19280: 19277: 19276: 19274: 19270: 19264: 19261: 19259: 19256: 19254: 19251: 19250: 19248: 19244: 19234: 19231: 19229: 19226: 19225: 19223: 19219: 19213: 19210: 19209: 19207: 19203: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19188: 19186: 19182: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19167: 19165: 19161: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19135: 19132: 19130: 19127: 19125: 19122: 19118: 19115: 19114: 19113: 19110: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19098: 19095: 19094: 19092: 19088: 19085: 19081: 19071: 19068: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19056: 19055: 19054: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19041: 19039: 19035: 19029: 19026: 19024: 19021: 19019: 19016: 19014: 19011: 19009: 19006: 19004: 19001: 18999: 18996: 18995: 18993: 18989: 18983: 18980: 18978: 18975: 18974: 18972: 18968: 18962: 18959: 18957: 18954: 18952: 18949: 18947: 18944: 18942: 18939: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18926:Palazzo Pitti 18924: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18908: 18906: 18902: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18831: 18830:Cerreto Guidi 18828: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18801: 18798: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18780:Collesalvetti 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18752: 18750: 18748: 18744: 18741: 18737: 18732: 18731:Festina Lente 18726: 18712: 18709: 18708: 18706: 18702: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18682: 18680: 18676: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18651: 18649: 18645: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18600: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550:(Clement VII) 18549: 18546: 18543: 18539: 18536: 18535: 18533: 18529: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18509: 18507: 18503: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18488: 18486: 18482: 18476: 18473: 18471: 18468: 18466: 18465:Ferdinando II 18463: 18461: 18458: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18442: 18440: 18438: 18434: 18428: 18425: 18423: 18420: 18419: 18417: 18415: 18411: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395:(Clement VII) 18394: 18391: 18389: 18386: 18384: 18381: 18379: 18376: 18374: 18371: 18369: 18366: 18364: 18361: 18359: 18356: 18355: 18353: 18349: 18346: 18342: 18338: 18331: 18326: 18324: 18319: 18317: 18312: 18311: 18308: 18299: 18290: 18289: 18285: 18275: 18271: 18268: 18262: 18258: 18257: 18253: 18247: 18243: 18239: 18234: 18233: 18227: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18190: 18189: 18179: 18175: 18171: 18167: 18163: 18160: 18157: 18153: 18149: 18146: 18145: 18135: 18131: 18128: 18125: 18124: 18119: 18116: 18114: 18110: 18107: 18104: 18101: 18097: 18094: 18091: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18081:0-333-29315-0 18078: 18074: 18070: 18067: 18064: 18060: 18057: 18054: 18050: 18047: 18044: 18040: 18035: 18033:0-688-00339-7 18029: 18024: 18023: 18017: 18013: 18012: 18000: 17996: 17992: 17988: 17984: 17980: 17973: 17965: 17958: 17950: 17943: 17935: 17931: 17924: 17917: 17916: 17912: 17909: 17902: 17894: 17887: 17871: 17867: 17860: 17852: 17845: 17838: 17835:One more son 17832: 17825: 17819: 17812: 17810: 17802: 17795: 17793: 17785: 17778: 17776: 17770: 17768: 17760: 17751: 17735: 17734: 17727: 17721: 17714: 17710: 17706: 17702: 17700: 17692: 17685: 17681: 17677: 17673: 17669: 17665: 17659: 17653:died in 1367. 17652: 17648: 17644: 17640: 17636: 17632: 17628: 17622: 17615: 17611: 17605: 17591:on 2009-06-03 17590: 17586: 17581: 17575: 17566: 17560: 17559:5-85050-825-2 17556: 17552: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17536: 17529: 17523: 17514: 17498: 17494: 17490: 17483: 17474: 17465: 17456: 17441: 17435: 17426: 17417: 17408: 17399: 17390: 17384:Hale, p. 191. 17381: 17372: 17363: 17354: 17345: 17336: 17330:Hale, p. 181. 17327: 17321:Hale, p. 180. 17318: 17316: 17309:Acton, p. 38. 17306: 17300:Acton, p. 27. 17297: 17288: 17286: 17276: 17270:Hale, p. 187. 17267: 17258: 17252:Hale, p. 165. 17249: 17243:Hale, p. 160. 17240: 17238: 17231:Hale, p. 158. 17228: 17219: 17213:Hale, p. 151. 17210: 17204:Hale, p. 150. 17201: 17199: 17191: 17185: 17177: 17173: 17169: 17167:0-688-00339-7 17163: 17159: 17158: 17150: 17141: 17132: 17117: 17115:9781304581358 17111: 17107: 17106: 17098: 17091: 17088: 17087: 17081: 17079: 17070: 17068:9781444192964 17064: 17060: 17059: 17051: 17043: 17039: 17035: 17034: 17026: 17018: 17017: 17009: 17002: 16998: 16995: 16986: 16982: 16978: 16974: 16970: 16966: 16962: 16958: 16954: 16947: 16940: 16933: 16927: 16912: 16906: 16899: 16893: 16884: 16877: 16873: 16869: 16865: 16862: 16856: 16847: 16839: 16837:9788809036772 16833: 16829: 16828: 16820: 16806:on 2023-01-23 16805: 16801: 16795: 16787: 16783: 16779: 16775: 16771: 16767: 16760: 16745: 16741: 16735: 16728: 16723: 16719: 16713: 16698: 16697:HarperCollins 16694: 16693: 16688: 16682: 16666: 16662: 16655: 16647: 16640: 16634: 16630: 16624: 16622: 16617: 16607: 16604: 16601: 16598:(surviving), 16597: 16594: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16584: 16583: 16570: 16565: 16558: 16553: 16546: 16541: 16534: 16529: 16522: 16517: 16510: 16505: 16498: 16493: 16489: 16485: 16481: 16474: 16469: 16466: 16459: 16454: 16447: 16442: 16441: 16440: 16436: 16433: 16432:blood oranges 16427: 16425: 16415: 16407: 16403: 16397:Coats of arms 16389: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16375: 16371: 16370: 16366: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16352: 16348: 16347: 16343: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16334:Ferdinando II 16332: 16329: 16325: 16324: 16320: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16306: 16302: 16301: 16297: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16283: 16279: 16278: 16274: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16260: 16256: 16255: 16252: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16238: 16234: 16233: 16229: 16226: 16223: 16220: 16217: 16216: 16203: 16199: 16195: 16191: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16177: 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15522: 15476: 15474: 15472: 15470: 15451: 15448: 15412: 15410: 15402: 15400: 15382: 15380: 15370: 15369: 15362: 15326: 15324: 15316: 15314: 15296: 15294: 15284: 15273: 15270: 15262: 15260: 15259: 15214: 15210: 15208: 15204: 15202: 15161: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15106: 15095: 15086: 15071: 15056: 15053: 15035: 15033: 15029: 15027: 15023: 15021: 15020: 14963: 14945: 14943: 14935: 14933: 14929: 14927: 14922: 14920: 14826: 14821: 14819: 14818: 14807: 14798: 14789: 14779: 14771: 14764: 14761: 14755: 14744: 14733: 14722: 14721:Ferdinando II 14711: 14705: 14702: 14688: 14686: 14678: 14676: 14668: 14666: 14658: 14656: 14648: 14646: 14634: 14632: 14628: 14626: 14622: 14620: 14619: 14606: 14568: 14566: 14530: 14528: 14524: 14522: 14517: 14514: 14478: 14476: 14475: 14444: 14400: 14398: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14368: 14366: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14352: 14343: 14334: 14325: 14314: 14299: 14288: 14279: 14272: 14269: 14263: 14253: 14250: 14242: 14240: 14216: 14214: 14212: 14204: 14202: 14194: 14192: 14191: 14184: 14174: 14172: 14146: 14144: 14118: 14116: 14114: 14100: 14098: 14089: 14087: 14068: 14061: 14055: 14048: 14045: 14039: 14024: 14017: 14014: 14008: 13986: 13984: 13888: 13886: 13881: 13870: 13850: 13824: 13806: 13797: 13794: 13788: 13784: 13781: 13777: 13775: 13771: 13769: 13765: 13763: 13759: 13757: 13753: 13751: 13747: 13745: 13741: 13739: 13735: 13733: 13731: 13725: 13723: 13719: 13717: 13713: 13711: 13707: 13705: 13701: 13699: 13695: 13693: 13692: 13679: 13673: 13671: 13645: 13643: 13637: 13617: 13615: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13572: 13555: 13546: 13515: 13502: 13491: 13483: 13480: 13472: 13470: 13468: 13408: 13406: 13405: 13398: 13394: 13392: 13388: 13386: 13378: 13362: 13360: 13308: 13306: 13299: 13297: 13290: 13289:Cesare d'Este 13287: 13281: 13245: 13236: 13229: 13226: 13220: 13212: 13206: 13199: 13196: 13190: 13179: 13170: 13164: 13161: 13153: 13151: 13147: 13145: 13141: 13139: 13133: 13131: 13123: 13121: 13113: 13111: 13103: 13101: 13093: 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11578: 11569: 11562: 11550: 11547: 11533: 11531: 11527: 11525: 11521: 11519: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11507: 11503: 11501: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11485: 11483: 11473: 11471: 11470: 11453: 11431: 11429: 11411: 11409: 11407: 11405: 11395: 11389: 11387: 11371: 11369: 11364: 11361: 11345: 11343: 11342: 11335: 11331: 11329: 11317: 11315: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11225: 11185: 11174: 11159: 11138: 11134: 11131: 11127: 11125: 11123: 11109: 11107: 11105: 11097: 11091: 11089: 11088: 11081: 11077: 11075: 11049: 11035: 11033: 11021: 11015: 11013: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10974: 10968: 10962: 10933: 10920:(Lorenzaccio) 10918: 10895: 10894:Piero Strozzi 10873: 10870: 10860: 10857: 10825: 10823: 10822: 10787: 10745: 10743: 10737: 10735: 10698: 10695: 10679: 10677: 10669: 10667: 10653: 10651: 10650: 10625: 10611: 10609: 10581: 10579: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10510: 10498: 10485: 10475: 10457: 10454: 10449: 10438: 10435: 10429: 10420: 10413: 10406: 10384: 10380: 10377: 10367: 10365: 10359: 10357: 10349: 10347: 10343: 10341: 10337: 10335: 10311: 10309: 10305: 10303: 10299: 10297: 10293: 10292: 10267: 10187: 10182: 10179: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10117: 10113: 10111: 10081: 10073: 10071: 10063: 10061: 10040: 10037: 10020: 9998: 9986: 9980:(the Younger) 9978: 9959: 9932: 9916: 9914: 9901: 9899: 9787: 9785: 9766:degli Albizzi 9763: 9731: 9724: 9718: 9711:Piero Ridolfi 9710: 9704: 9695: 9684: 9677: 9674: 9668: 9660: 9651: 9644: 9641: 9635: 9631: 9628: 9624: 9622: 9618: 9616: 9612: 9610: 9606: 9604: 9588: 9586: 9578: 9576: 9568: 9566: 9558: 9556: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9526: 9510: 9488: 9472: 9470: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9430: 9422: 9405: 9392: 9386: 9384: 9358: 9342: 9340: 9295: 9293: 9281: 9276: 9270: 9255: 9252: 9248: 9241: 9217: 9210: 9207: 9197: 9189: 9181: 9174: 9170: 9164: 9156: 9141: 9138: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9112: 9110: 9102: 9100: 9092: 9090: 9082: 9080: 9079: 9062: 9056: 9054: 9046: 9044: 9014: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8965: 8963: 8857: 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2436: 2378: 2376: 2370: 2368: 2313: 2311: 2253: 2251: 2245: 2243: 2188: 2186: 2128: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2063: 2054: 2050: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2022:Ferdinando II 2019: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1956:Medici Chapel 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1852:portrayed by 1851: 1846: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1767:Palazzo Pitti 1763: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1638: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1614: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549:Palazzo Pitti 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1454: 1453:Ferdinando II 1450: 1446: 1441: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1350:Pope Paul III 1347: 1343: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218:Martin Luther 1215: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1162: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1114: 1112: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 983: 982:Pater patriae 978: 974: 972: 967: 966:Pater Patriae 962: 958: 954: 950: 941: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 832: 828: 824: 817: 813: 805:Rise to power 802: 800: 796: 795: 790: 786: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 646: 645: 639: 638: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 599:(1523–1534), 598: 595:(1513–1521), 594: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 556: 551: 543: 542: 532: 502: 496: 495: 486: 453: 439: 434: 431: 429: 426: 425: 416: 412: 408: 407:original line 396: 392: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 375:Palazzo Pitti 373: 371: 368: 367: 365: 361: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 337: 334: 333: 326: 322: 316: 315: 314:Festina lente 310: 306: 303: 300: 296: 293: 290: 286: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 234: 230: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 187: 184: 183: 181: 177: 174: 171: 167: 164: 161: 157: 153: 149: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120: 116: 112: 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 90: 86: 81: 77: 73: 70: 63: 58: 55: 51: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 20335:Van Lanschot 20229: 20210:Königswarter 20081:Continental 19981: 19962:Hohenstaufen 19902:Della Rovere 19852:Antelminelli 19827:Royal houses 19584:(son-in-law) 19507: 19295:Medici lions 19272:Institutions 19112:Michelangelo 19070:Old Sacristy 19058:New Sacristy 18931:Villa Medici 18855:L'Ambrogiana 18840:Arena Metato 18730: 18690:Don Giovanni 18598: 18580:Giovan Carlo 18570:Ferdinando I 18537: 18475:Gian Gastone 18455:Ferdinando I 18336: 18284:Ruling house 18282: 18273: 18263: 18252:Ruling house 18250: 18245: 18237: 18230: 18211: 18165: 18151: 18133: 18122: 18099: 18089: 18072: 18069:Harold Acton 18062: 18059:Cecily Booth 18052: 18042: 18021: 17982: 17978: 17972: 17963: 17957: 17948: 17942: 17933: 17929: 17923: 17906: 17901: 17892: 17886: 17874:. 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Retrieved 16665:the original 16654: 16645: 16639: 16628: 16600:Pazzi family 16483: 16479: 16464: 16437: 16428: 16424:St. Nicholas 16420: 16400: 16387:9 July 1737 16380:Gian Gastone 16361:23 May 1670 16341:23 May 1670 16288:Ferdinando I 16198:dei Popolani 16197: 16162: 16149: 16081: 15956: 15927: 15898: 15865: 15826: 15644:Gian Gastone 14759: 14267: 14043: 14012: 13792: 13554:Ferdinando I 13285: 13224: 13194: 12415: 12403: 12376: 12307: 12139: 12105: 11644: 10966: 10868: 10473: 10452: 10447: 10433: 10006:Vincenzo de' 9996: 9992:Laudomia de' 9984: 9761: 9746:Averardo de' 9708: 9672: 9658: 9639: 9274: 9267:Giovanni the 9250: 9205: 9187: 9168: 9154: 8823: 8791: 8412: 7968: 7766:Jacopa Spini 7763: 7557: 6456: 6431: 6334: 6321: 6306: 6293: 6280: 6152: 6139: 6123: 6014: 6001: 5985: 5972: 5959: 5834: 5821: 5808: 5701: 5670: 5657: 5642: 5527: 5512: 5495: 5482: 5465: 5324: 5309: 5294: 5281: 5264: 5249: 5110: 5097: 5084: 5067: 5046: 5033: 5020: 5007: 4850: 4834: 4815: 4795: 4782: 4766: 4751: 4736: 4580: 4559: 4546: 4533: 4520: 4515:*1393 †1465? 4507: 4466: 4295: 4278: 4247: 4230: 4207: 4190: 4035: 4010: 3993: 3980: 3959: 3945:di Giambuono 3940: 3927: 3914: 3893: 3747: 3732: 3719: 3703: 3684: 3668: 3650: 3637: 3624: 3606: 3593: 3391: 3376: 3357: 3332: 3311: 3298: 3138: 3120: 3102: 3081: 3057: 2888: 2873: 2840: 2691: 2654: 2489: 2364: 2239: 2114: 2052: 2038: 2015: 2013:in 1622–23. 1964: 1933: 1901:Fra Angelico 1872:architecture 1865: 1857: 1806: 1783: 1779: 1775:Ferdinando I 1764: 1755: 1753: 1746: 1735: 1729:smelling of 1725: 1717: 1711: 1696: 1676: 1666: 1661: 1642: 1628: 1591: 1572: 1568:barter trade 1561: 1546: 1541: 1538:Harold Acton 1509: 1506: 1502:tuberculosis 1475: 1468: 1457: 1435:17th century 1429: 1390: 1335: 1332:Medici Dukes 1322: 1295: 1248:sack of Rome 1245: 1230: 1216:, including 1207: 1204:Michelangelo 1197: 1190:Papal States 1183: 1169: 1154:Medici popes 1140: 1121: 1118:16th century 1110: 1107: 1102: 1088:dispensation 1060: 1030: 1019: 1007: 987: 981: 971:gran maestro 947: 944:15th century 917:institutions 906: 887: 868: 837: 826: 792: 788: 782: 767:through the 741:Michelangelo 729:Brunelleschi 710: 698: 682:Della Rovere 635: 633: 601:Pope Pius IV 590: 451: 449: 312: 288:Distinctions 100:Papal States 75: 71: 68: 36:CERN-MEDICIS 20502:Middle East 20386:Rockefeller 20235:Mendelssohn 20195:Hochstetter 20175:Goldschmidt 20165:Frescobaldi 20145:Etcheverría 20007:Pallavicini 20002:Palaiologos 19987:Montefeltro 19907:Della Torre 19897:Carolingian 19872:Bentivoglio 19566:Jean Fernel 19490:Descendants 19305:Medici Vase 19279:Medici Bank 19233:Jacopo Peri 19053:San Lorenzo 19044:Magi Chapel 18678:Condottieri 18599:female line 18517:Clement VII 18450:Francesco I 18232:Royal house 17680:Ardinghello 17662:Four sons: 17445:3 September 17044:Home Video. 16876:MED-uh-chee 16702:12 February 16265:Francesco I 16148:Alessandro 16070:4 May 1519 16046:4 May 1519 14781:(1614–1634) 13501:Francesco I 13213:, Cardinall 11142:Pope Leo XI 10964:(1482-1546) 10015:Lorenzo de' 9757:Ginevra de' 9290:(died 1475) 8819:(the Elder) 8731:(the Gouty) 8408:(the Elder) 8364:(the Elder) 7624:(died 1320) 6329:*1729 †1794 6314:*1756 †1797 5709:*1585 †1664 5473:*1555 †1625 5317:*1519 †1584 5257:*1518 †1601 5118:*1482 †1546 5070:Bernardetto 4510:Bernardetto 4281:Giuliano II 3922:*1323 †1395 3740:*1298 †1315 3365:*1270 †1319 3360:Averardo II 3060:Chiarissimo 2657:Chiarissimo 2026:Inquisition 2024:, when the 1993:, widow of 1602:Montefeltro 1551:. In 1657, 1504:) in 1621. 1464:Pope Paul V 1460:Pope Leo XI 1256:Roman Curia 1180:Clement VII 1092:Clement VII 1081:, and even 935:during the 844:Bonsignoris 799:Medici Bank 765:Reformation 749:Machiavelli 605:Pope Leo XI 582:Medici Bank 436: [ 394:Dissolution 349:Medici Vase 339:(1397–1494) 336:Medici Bank 302:Catholicism 264:Pope Leo XI 159:Final ruler 54:Noble house 20626:Categories 20570:Jagat Seth 20538:South Asia 20452:Rothschild 20320:Wallenberg 20275:Rothschild 20215:Kronenberg 20200:Hottinguer 20100:Benveniste 20022:Trastámara 19957:Hauteville 19499:Dynasties/ 19480:(daughter) 19456:(daughter) 19450:(daughter) 19356:Savonarola 19205:Scientists 19139:Michelozzo 18991:Fortresses 18835:Marignolle 18815:Camugliano 18810:La Petraia 18805:Spedaletto 18795:Mezzomonte 18755:Cafaggiolo 18559:Alessandro 18470:Cosimo III 18388:Lorenzo II 18292:1569–1737 18266:of Tuscany 18162:Parks, Tim 18026:. Morrow. 18009:References 17936:: 190–208. 17876:17 October 17775:Bartolomeo 17595:2009-06-01 17086:The Prince 16917:2015-01-26 16810:2022-04-20 16357:Cosimo III 15070:Cosimo III 11161:(the Moor) 9688:Pope Leo X 7234:(fl. 1280) 4739:Pierangelo 3983:Giuliano I 3898:di Filippo 3394:Bonagiunta 3105:Averardo I 2694:Bonagiunta 2047:See also: 1999:Louis XIII 1688:suzerainty 1631:(English: 1534:Cosimo III 1471:Louis XIII 1370:Ferdinando 1312:, and the 1143:franchises 1058:families. 1040:Pope Leo X 864:townhouses 733:Botticelli 688:, and the 593:Pope Leo X 298:Traditions 254:Pope Leo X 204:(informal) 169:Final head 20590:S. Rm. M. 20545:Asaf Jahi 20478:Li family 20471:East Asia 20260:Pierleoni 20245:Oppenheim 20105:Berenberg 20090:Abravanel 19997:Ordelaffi 19977:Malaspina 19972:Malatesta 19967:Imperiali 19877:Bonaparte 19867:Barcelona 19862:Anscarids 19842:Aleramici 19528:Huguenots 19438:(husband) 19361:TV series 19221:Musicians 19134:Donatello 19083:Patronage 18890:Seravezza 18825:La Topaia 18775:La Quiete 18739:Buildings 18704:Genealogy 18595:Francesco 18538:male line 18531:Cardinals 18460:Cosimo II 18274:New title 18246:New title 17999:163129780 17824:Francesco 17771:(*? †?), 17740:March 28, 17724:One son, 17651:Malatesta 17647:Francesco 17188:Hibbert, 16778:0072-0127 16772:: 7–245. 16311:Cosimo II 16218:Portrait 16123:Portrait 15836:Portrait 14298:Cosimo II 12335:Elisabeth 9999:Francesco 9963:Cardinal) 9183:(Nannina) 7829:(d. 1377) 6337:Pierpaolo 6004:Francesco 5988:Pierpaolo 5975:Francesco 5704:Francesco 5468:Ottaviano 5312:Francesco 5113:Ottaviano 5100:Francesco 5010:Francesco 4818:Francesco 4759:*? †1464? 4554:*? †1475? 4038:Francesco 3962:Francesco 3930:Salvestro 3722:Salvestro 3632:*? †~1356 3335:Giambuono 1952:Belvedere 1897:Donatello 1874:, mainly 1544:regency. 1488:, and an 1478:Cosimo II 1425:New World 1386:Napoleons 1366:Francesco 1360:from the 1044:Maddalena 553:) was an 457:English: 363:Estate(s) 324:Heirlooms 110:Etymology 20509:Kadoorie 20488:Sumitomo 20432:Guinness 20427:Grindlay 20422:Goldsmid 20417:Clifford 20391:Seligman 20285:Schröder 20155:Erlanger 20150:Ephrussi 20110:Bethmann 20032:Visconti 19947:Habsburg 19942:Grimaldi 19557:(cousin) 19432:(mother) 19426:(father) 19366:episodes 19246:Heraldry 19028:Volterra 19008:Piombino 19003:Grosseto 18956:Materdei 18880:Artimino 18860:La Màgia 18790:Castello 18664:Giuliano 18585:Leopoldo 18565:Giovanni 18561:(Leo XI) 18554:Ippolito 18542:Giovanni 18491:Caterina 18445:Cosimo I 18427:Cosimo I 18399:Ippolito 18383:Giuliano 18260:1533–69 18164:(2005). 18150:(1961). 18109:Archived 18018:(1975). 17911:Archived 17839:(†1592?) 17837:Bernardo 17826:(†1552?) 17809:Giovanni 17779:(*? †?). 17699:Giovanni 17639:Averardo 17614:Giovanni 17547:Archived 17497:Archived 16997:Archived 16981:56166159 16864:Archived 16786:44083109 16687:"Medici" 16671:27 March 16631:, 1894, 16580:See also 16490:in 1465. 16488:Louis XI 16243:Cosimo I 16182:Cosimo I 15099:Cardinal 14811:Cardinal 14748:Cardinal 12612:Cosimo I 10489:Cardinal 10410:Duke of 10388:Cardinal 10001:Salviati 9764:Giovanni 9278:Caterina 9269:Popolano 9247:Piombino 9245:Lord of 8737:Florence 8735:Lord of 6288:*? †1821 6147:*? †1808 6142:Averardo 6009:*? †1766 5980:*? †1722 5967:*? †1749 5842:*? †1614 5829:*? †1685 5824:Averardo 5816:*? †1650 5665:*? †1624 5660:Raffaele 5650:*? †1626 5515:Galeotto 5327:Ottajano 5252:Averardo 5092:*? †1528 5087:Galeotto 5049:Raffaele 5036:Giovanni 5023:Bernardo 4853:Giovenco 4798:Averardo 4785:Domenico 4754:Giovenco 4744:*? †1464 4549:Giovanni 4523:Giuliano 4474:*? †1447 4469:Giovenco 3988:*? †1377 3943:Bernardo 3727:*? †1346 3692:*? †1320 3687:Giovenco 3653:Bernardo 3645:*? †1355 3640:Alamanno 3601:*? †1348 3340:*1260 †? 3319:*? †1301 3306:*? †1290 2699:*? †1226 2367:Bernardo 1958:and the 1885:Masaccio 1798:Austrian 1726:Ruspanti 1718:Ruspanti 1635:) after 1598:allodial 1575:apoplexy 1421:Margaret 1401:hegemony 1316:through 1306:Henry II 1284:Cosimo I 1185:de facto 1126:, first 1075:Salviati 1067:Giuliano 1056:Altoviti 1036:Piero II 902:Altoviti 883:Signoria 771:and the 658:Visconti 650:humanism 644:signorie 586:Florence 546:Italian: 494:-itch-ee 82:in 1465. 80:Louis XI 20565:Hinduja 20524:Sabancı 20457:Sassoon 20447:Mocatta 20396:Warburg 20325:Warburg 20300:Sozzini 20270:Peruzzi 20265:Pereire 20240:Metzler 20130:Camondo 19937:Gonzaga 19932:Fregoso 19927:Fieschi 19922:Farnese 19857:Appiani 19346:Albizzi 19324:Related 19037:Chapels 19013:Pistoia 18941:Livorno 18904:Palaces 18870:Coltano 18865:Liliano 18850:Lapeggi 18820:Stabbia 18770:Fiesole 18765:Careggi 18760:Trebbio 18695:Mattias 18654:Filippo 18544:(Leo X) 18286:of the 18254:of the 17813:(*? †?) 17709:Antonio 17678:1348), 17670:(?–?), 17668:Filippo 17645:1363); 17627:Talento 17612:(?–?), 17176:5613740 16973:2781822 16163:signore 16150:il Moro 15877:Son of 15827:Signore 9759:Medici 6283:Filippo 6155:Filippo 5962:Filippo 5503:* †1596 5302:* †1568 5297:Lorenzo 5289:* †1562 4837:Lorenzo 4769:Antonio 4583:Fantino 4250:Antonio 3750:Ardingo 3314:Ugolino 3301:Filippo 3141:Galgano 3123:Scolaio 3084:Ranieri 2891:Galgano 2843:Filippo 2034:Jupiter 1967:Raphael 1905:protégé 1856:in the 1832:. (see 1830:Gavardo 1811:of the 1749:regency 1542:Turtici 1510:Turtici 1409:citadel 1393:Livorno 1342:Tuscany 1338:Mugello 1214:Vatican 1194:Raphael 1003:Pius II 998:mordant 980:Cosimo 925:Strozzi 923:or the 921:Albizzi 860:palazzi 779:History 753:Galileo 745:Raphael 690:Gonzaga 674:Ferrara 578:Tuscany 555:Italian 399: ( 232:Members 151:Founder 141: ( 133:Founded 122:Mugello 88:Country 69:Blazon: 20585:M. Ct. 20575:Khanna 20529:Shihab 20493:Yasuda 20483:Mitsui 20412:Baring 20381:Morgan 20376:Mellon 20371:Lehman 20366:Lazard 20356:Drexel 20351:Barney 20330:Welser 20315:Thurzó 20305:Speyer 20295:Solaro 20290:Seyler 20280:Ruffer 20255:Pictet 20230:Medici 20225:Mallet 20205:Imhoff 20190:Hambro 20170:Fugger 20135:Cerchi 20120:Borgia 20083:Europe 20027:Valois 20017:Sforza 19982:Medici 19882:Borgia 19637:Events 19417:Family 18998:Arezzo 18895:Madama 18800:Agnano 18747:Villas 18669:Zanobi 18548:Giulio 18522:Leo XI 18393:Giulio 18344:People 18176: 18079: 18030: 17997: 17792:Pietro 17767:Andrea 17715:(?–?). 17713:Felice 17686:1345). 17664:Guccio 17635:Jacopo 17610:Arrigo 17557: 17192:, 153. 17174: 17164: 17112: 17065: 16979: 16971: 16834: 16784: 16776: 16633:p. 162 16482:(viz. 16227:Until 16132:Until 15845:Until 15816:Titles 11639:Claude 10412:Urbino 10017:Medici 10008:Medici 9994:Medici 9748:Medici 9280:Sforza 6296:Nicola 5837:Giulio 5673:Nicolò 5645:Giulio 5530:Cosimo 5485:Giulio 5284:Nicolò 5267:Giulio 4536:Pietro 3896:Bonino 3735:Guccio 3627:Cambio 3609:Bonino 3596:Arrigo 3379:Arrigo 1983:Vasari 1954:, the 1950:, the 1946:, the 1840:Legacy 1760:willed 1731:faeces 1639:, 1706 1579:dropsy 1518:heresy 1514:papacy 1147:papacy 937:Ciompi 927:. One 909:France 794:medico 789:Medici 755:, and 694:Mantua 678:Borgia 676:, the 668:, the 662:Sforza 568:under 179:Titles 126:Tuscia 74:(viz. 48:Medici 18:Medici 20611:Safra 20580:Kotak 20560:Habib 20555:Birla 20462:Smith 20442:Miles 20437:Lloyd 20310:Stern 20250:Pazzi 20180:Gondi 20160:Fould 20140:Chigi 20125:Botin 20095:Bardi 20012:Savoy 19992:Murat 19912:Doria 19847:Anjou 19831:Italy 19486:(son) 19474:(son) 19468:(son) 19462:(son) 19444:(son) 19023:Siena 18575:Carlo 18512:Leo X 18505:Popes 18496:Maria 17995:S2CID 17726:Coppo 17672:Betto 17631:Mario 17616:(?–?) 16988:(PDF) 16977:S2CID 16969:JSTOR 16949:(PDF) 16782:JSTOR 16718:Milan 16613:Notes 16224:From 16221:Name 16129:From 16126:Name 15871:1434 15842:From 15839:Name 10453:m.(2) 10448:m.(1) 9206:m.(1) 9173:Pazzi 6342:*? †? 6301:*? †? 6126:Leone 6022:*? †? 5811:Leone 5678:*? †? 5535:*? †? 5520:*? †? 5498:Leone 5490:*? †? 5272:*? †? 5105:*? †? 5075:*? †? 5054:*? †? 5041:*? †? 5028:*? †? 5015:*? †? 4858:*? †? 4823:*? †? 4790:*? †? 4541:*? †? 4528:*? †? 4286:*? †? 4255:*? †? 4043:*? †? 3967:*? †? 3917:Vieri 3706:Conte 3671:Lippo 3384:*? †? 3089:*? †? 2896:*? †? 2881:*? †? 2848:*? †? 1876:early 1354:Siena 1176:Leo X 1071:Pazzi 994:Tolfa 933:guild 913:Spain 898:Bardi 840:Siena 829:, by 717:opera 713:piano 666:Milan 541:-chee 503:also 440:] 308:Motto 20595:Tata 20550:Bose 20519:Maan 19917:Este 19761:Arts 18951:Pisa 18885:Buti 18174:ISBN 18077:ISBN 18028:ISBN 17878:2017 17742:2016 17555:ISBN 17505:2017 17447:2009 17172:OCLC 17162:ISBN 17123:2018 17110:ISBN 17063:ISBN 16832:ISBN 16774:ISSN 16751:2009 16704:2020 16673:2018 6163:1775 6134:1759 5996:1737 4845:1490 4806:1513 4777:1493 4591:1426 3758:1343 3714:1330 3679:1306 3661:1322 3617:1312 3402:1278 3149:1269 3131:1269 3113:1280 3068:1253 2242:Bono 1899:and 1878:and 1870:and 1705:and 1587:Pisa 1577:and 1358:Elba 1202:and 1178:and 1073:and 1061:The 1054:and 1052:Cybo 1025:gout 990:alum 911:and 723:and 715:and 686:Rome 680:and 670:Este 660:and 560:and 450:The 422:List 401:1743 397:1743 330:List 186:Pope 143:1230 136:1230 20514:Koç 19829:of 19288:Art 17987:doi 17705:fl. 17684:fl. 17676:fl. 17643:fl. 17042:PBS 17040:). 17038:DVD 16961:doi 6161:fl. 6132:fl. 5994:fl. 4843:fl. 4804:fl. 4775:fl. 4589:fl. 3756:fl. 3712:fl. 3677:fl. 3659:fl. 3615:fl. 3400:fl. 3147:fl. 3129:fl. 3111:fl. 3066:fl. 2876:Ugo 2032:of 1868:art 1220:'s 1206:'s 1196:'s 992:in 692:in 684:in 672:in 664:in 576:of 539:DEE 537:mə- 492:MED 20628:: 19051:, 18601:: 18540:: 18172:. 18132:, 18120:, 18098:, 18088:, 18071:, 18061:, 18051:, 17993:. 17983:83 17981:. 17932:. 17868:. 17553:. 17495:. 17491:. 17314:^ 17284:^ 17236:^ 17197:^ 17170:. 17077:^ 16975:. 16967:. 16957:98 16955:. 16951:. 16870:, 16780:. 16770:66 16768:. 16742:. 16695:. 16689:. 16620:^ 16196:. 16086:. 15980:. 15959:) 15930:) 15901:) 15868:) 14760:m. 14268:m. 14044:m. 14013:m. 13793:m. 13286:m. 13225:m. 13195:m. 12377:m. 12308:m. 12140:m. 12106:m. 11645:m. 10967:m. 10869:m. 10474:m. 10434:m. 9997:m. 9985:m. 9762:m. 9709:m. 9673:m. 9659:m. 9640:m. 9275:m. 9251:m. 9188:m. 9169:m. 9155:m. 8824:m. 8792:m. 8413:m. 7969:m. 7764:m. 1962:. 1836:) 1788:, 1674:. 1659:. 1589:. 1536:. 1484:, 1447:, 1348:, 1320:. 1243:. 1235:, 1228:. 1138:. 1109:— 1098:. 963:, 900:, 775:. 751:, 747:, 743:, 739:, 735:, 731:, 696:. 544:; 525:tʃ 522:iː 501:UK 497:, 479:tʃ 438:it 124:, 20066:e 20059:t 20052:v 19819:e 19812:t 19805:v 19402:e 19395:t 19388:v 18329:e 18322:t 18315:v 18180:. 18158:. 18036:. 18001:. 17989:: 17934:3 17880:. 17744:. 17703:( 17682:( 17674:( 17641:( 17598:. 17507:. 17449:. 17178:. 17125:. 17071:. 17036:( 17003:. 16963:: 16920:. 16874:— 16813:. 16788:. 16753:. 16729:. 16706:. 16675:. 16648:. 15955:( 15926:( 15897:( 15864:( 12412:. 10511:) 10507:( 6465:. 4297:? 1290:. 531:/ 528:i 519:d 516:ˈ 513:ə 510:m 507:/ 485:/ 482:i 476:ɪ 473:d 470:ɛ 467:m 464:ˈ 461:/ 454:( 409:) 405:( 403:) 145:) 42:. 20:)

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