252:, which she conducted by using lobsters as a model organism. She went on to examine the visual responses in cats, monkeys, and how primates sense color. Her research provides insight into how mammals perceive form and movement, the physiological details leading to dsylexia, and the region of the brain used to identify faces.
270:, in which she described the reactions of monkey mothers to being given a stuffed toy after the removal of their baby. This drew attention to her research on vision with monkey infants, which included suturing the eyelids of two monkeys shut.
639:
awarded
Livingstone the Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2015 she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 2020 she was elected to the United States' National Academy of Sciences.
240:
at
Harvard University. In 1983 she became an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School, and in 1988 she was promoted to professor, and in 2014 she was named the Takeda Professor of Neurobiology.
1722:
665:
1717:
1727:
189:
866:"Biochemistry and ultrastructure of serotonergic nerve endings in the lobster: Serotonin and octopamine are contained in different nerve endings"
262:
1532:
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1430:
692:
260:
In 2022, following
Livingston's election as a member of the National Academy of Sciences, she published an inaugural article in the
24:
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553:
225:
205:
99:
84:
1742:
1702:
1737:
1707:
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678:
281:
also asked for retraction of the article, and asked that
Livingston's work be defunded. In a response statement,
185:
1642:
1488:
297:
209:
108:
1110:"Psychophysical evidence for separate channels for the perception of form, color, movement, and depth"
373:"Psychophysical evidence for separate channels for the perception of form, color, movement, and depth"
709:
293:
1297:
Tsao, Doris Y.; Freiwald, Winrich A.; Tootell, Roger B. H.; Livingstone, Margaret S. (2006-02-03).
636:
571:
Tsao, Doris Y.; Freiwald, Winrich A.; Tootell, Roger B. H.; Livingstone, Margaret S. (2006-02-03).
735:
1673:
1697:
282:
193:
1596:
1232:"Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia"
865:
483:"Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia"
1732:
1382:
1310:
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1188:
987:
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814:
584:
494:
445:
233:
802:
8:
20:
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1314:
1247:
1192:
991:
928:
818:
783:
588:
498:
449:
1620:
1572:
1489:"Researchers Call on NIH to Stop Funding Primate Experiments at Harvard Medical School"
1399:
1366:
1339:
1298:
1157:
1144:
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1077:
1059:
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956:
846:
613:
572:
420:
407:
389:
372:
359:
346:
328:
311:
289:
229:
228:
where she received her undergraduate degree in 1972. In 1981 she earned her Ph.D. from
71:
56:
1177:"Segregation of Form, Color, Movement, and Depth: Anatomy, Physiology, and Perception"
1176:
1018:
975:
801:
Livingstone, Margaret S.; Harris-Warrick, Ronald M.; Kravitz, Edward A. (1980-04-04).
434:"Segregation of Form, Color, Movement, and Depth: Anatomy, Physiology, and Perception"
433:
1576:
1520:
1404:
1386:
1344:
1326:
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1231:
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1204:
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512:
482:
469:
461:
412:
394:
351:
333:
197:
1161:
1094:
850:
762:
Monoamines in the lobster : biochemistry, anatomy, and possible functional role
424:
363:
1568:
1536:
1394:
1378:
1334:
1318:
1269:
1251:
1196:
1139:
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1072:
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995:
960:
932:
877:
822:
608:
592:
520:
502:
453:
402:
384:
341:
323:
146:
913:"Effects of sleep and arousal on the processing of visual information in the cat"
221:
161:
826:
1677:
237:
151:
1540:
135:
Monoamines in the lobster: Biochemistry, anatomy, and possible functional role
1686:
1580:
1390:
1330:
1265:
1208:
1135:
1068:
1009:
944:
889:
834:
604:
563:
516:
465:
398:
337:
1322:
1256:
1200:
1000:
976:"Thalamic inputs to cytochrome oxidase-rich regions in monkey visual cortex"
688:
596:
507:
457:
1408:
1348:
842:
622:
169:
1283:
1230:
Livingstone, M S; Rosen, G D; Drislane, F W; Galaburda, A M (1991-09-15).
1216:
1153:
1086:
1027:
952:
912:
897:
881:
864:
Livingstone, Margaret S.; Schaeffer, Susan F.; Kravitz, Edward A. (1981).
760:
534:
481:
Livingstone, M S; Rosen, G D; Drislane, F W; Galaburda, A M (1991-09-15).
473:
416:
355:
134:
1462:"Harvard study on monkeys reignites ethical debate over animal testing"
1362:
1043:"Anatomy and physiology of a color system in the primate visual cortex"
312:"Anatomy and physiology of a color system in the primate visual cortex"
165:
936:
543:
249:
1229:
480:
273:
In response, a group of over 250 scientists sent a letter to the
803:"Serotonin and Octopamine Produce Opposite Postures in Lobsters"
800:
1431:"Harvard studies on infant monkeys draw fire, split scientists"
1299:"A Cortical Region Consisting Entirely of Face-Selective Cells"
573:"A Cortical Region Consisting Entirely of Face-Selective Cells"
128:
1296:
570:
248:
Livingstone's early research was on neurons that respond to
863:
296:
wrote a letter, signed by over 380 researchers, asking the
278:
288:
In 2023, members of the Animal Law & Policy Clinic at
1723:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
232:. Following her Ph.D. she worked as a visiting fellow at
67:
673:. Vol. 9. Washington DC: Society for Neuroscience.
1525:
JAMA: The
Journal of the American Medical Association
300:
220:
Livingstone was born in
Virginia, started college at
1718:
Fellows of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1487:
Wang, Austin H.; Yuan, Ammy M. (February 24, 2023).
664:
Albright, Thomas D.; Squire, Larry R., eds. (1996).
784:"Margaret Livingstone | Department of Neurobiology"
1175:Livingstone, Margaret; Hubel, David (1988-05-06).
911:Livingstone, Margaret S.; Hubel, David H. (1981).
432:Livingstone, Margaret; Hubel, David (1988-05-06).
1643:"National Academy of Sciences Elects New Members"
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1684:
1174:
1107:
1040:
973:
910:
431:
370:
309:
255:
1361:
1236:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1108:Livingstone, M. S.; Hubel, D. H. (1987-11-01).
1041:Livingstone, M. S.; Hubel, D. H. (1984-01-01).
980:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
487:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
371:Livingstone, M. S.; Hubel, D. H. (1987-11-01).
310:Livingstone, M. S.; Hubel, D. H. (1984-01-01).
275:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
263:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1415:
663:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1728:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
1668:Margaret Stratford Livingstone SfN Biography
667:The history of neuroscience in autobiography
1533:Journal of the American Medical Association
758:
545:Vision and art : the biology of seeing
541:
1597:"Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award"
1449:
1398:
1365:; Livingstone, Margaret S. (2008-07-01).
1338:
1273:
1255:
1143:
1125:
1076:
1058:
1017:
999:
612:
524:
506:
406:
388:
345:
327:
285:defended the value of Livingston's work.
236:and then was a postdoctoral fellow under
92:Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award
1486:
303:
25:Margaret Livingstone, Countess of Orkney
1623:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1557:"Vision and Art: The Biology of Seeing"
1521:"Vision and Art: The Biology of Seeing"
1518:
542:Livingstone, Margaret (25 March 2014).
215:
1685:
1554:
1383:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094238
277:to request retraction of the article.
1428:
974:Livingstone, M S; Hubel, D H (1982).
659:
657:
655:
653:
226:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
206:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
202:Vision and Art: The Biology of Seeing
100:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
85:Presidential Young Investigator Award
630:
13:
1573:10.1097/01.opx.0000171828.99745.c3
1127:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-11-03416.1987
1060:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-01-00309.1984
650:
390:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-11-03416.1987
329:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-01-00309.1984
204:. She was elected a member of the
14:
1754:
1661:
1429:Grimm, David (October 19, 2022).
188:Professor of Neurobiology in the
208:in 2015 and was elected to the
1635:
1613:
1589:
1506:
1480:
1367:"Mechanisms of Face Perception"
1355:
1290:
1223:
1168:
1101:
1034:
1713:American women neuroscientists
1693:Harvard Medical School faculty
1645:. National Academy of Sciences
967:
904:
857:
794:
776:
759:Livingstone, Margaret (1981).
752:
728:
702:
292:and the Wild Mind Labs at the
182:Margaret Stratford Livingstone
1:
1621:"Dr. Margaret S. Livingstone"
1371:Annual Review of Neuroscience
643:
256:Allegations of animal cruelty
1561:Optometry and Vision Science
1519:Bennett, Jeffrey L. (2003).
765:(Thesis). Harvard University
298:National Institute of Health
210:National Academy of Sciences
109:National Academy of Sciences
7:
1743:21st-century American women
1555:Barris, Michael C. (2005).
827:10.1126/science.208.4439.76
243:
10:
1759:
190:Department of Neurobiology
18:
1703:Harvard University alumni
1541:10.1001/jama.289.9.1171-a
736:"Margaret S. Livingstone"
714:Harvard Catalyst Profiles
294:University of St. Andrews
175:
157:
145:
127:
120:
77:
63:
39:
32:
1738:American women academics
1708:American neuroscientists
1676:publications indexed by
637:Society for Neuroscience
268:Triggers for Mother Love
224:and then transferred to
200:. She authored the book
19:Not to be confused with
1323:10.1126/science.1119983
1257:10.1073/pnas.88.18.7943
1201:10.1126/science.3283936
1114:Journal of Neuroscience
1047:Journal of Neuroscience
1001:10.1073/pnas.79.19.6098
870:Journal of Neurobiology
597:10.1126/science.1119983
508:10.1073/pnas.88.18.7943
458:10.1126/science.3283936
377:Journal of Neuroscience
316:Journal of Neuroscience
16:American neuroscientist
710:"Margaret Livingstone"
283:Harvard Medical School
194:Harvard Medical School
882:10.1002/neu.480120104
788:neuro.med.harvard.edu
304:Selected publications
1674:Margaret Livingstone
234:Princeton University
216:Education and career
34:Margaret Livingstone
1468:. November 21, 2022
1315:2006Sci...311..670T
1248:1991PNAS...88.7943L
1193:1988Sci...240..740L
992:1982PNAS...79.6098L
929:1981Natur.291..554L
819:1980Sci...208...76L
589:2006Sci...311..670T
548:. Harry N. Abrams.
499:1991PNAS...88.7943L
450:1988Sci...240..740L
21:Margaret Livingston
716:. Harvard Catalyst
290:Harvard Law School
230:Harvard University
72:Harvard University
57:Danville, Virginia
1309:(5761): 670–674.
1242:(18): 7943–7947.
1187:(4853): 740–749.
1120:(11): 3416–3468.
986:(19): 6098–6101.
923:(5816): 554–561.
740:www.nasonline.org
698:on July 27, 2021.
631:Awards and honors
583:(5761): 670–674.
555:978-1-4197-0692-9
493:(18): 7943–7947.
444:(4853): 740–749.
383:(11): 3416–3468.
198:visual perception
179:
178:
158:Doctoral students
122:Scientific career
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1038:
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937:10.1038/291554a0
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691:. Archived from
672:
661:
626:
616:
567:
538:
528:
510:
477:
428:
410:
392:
367:
349:
331:
196:in the field of
147:Doctoral advisor
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102:
93:
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53:
49:
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30:
29:
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1497:
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1493:Harvard Crimson
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1471:
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1460:
1459:
1450:
1440:
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1435:Science Insider
1427:
1416:
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1228:
1224:
1173:
1169:
1106:
1102:
1039:
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972:
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862:
858:
813:(4439): 76–79.
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795:
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766:
757:
753:
744:
742:
734:
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729:
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681:
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633:
556:
306:
258:
246:
222:Duke University
218:
168:
164:
162:Stephen Macknik
139:
116:
70:
64:Alma mater
59:
54:
51:
45:
43:
35:
28:
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5:
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1678:Google Scholar
1671:
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1662:External links
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1612:
1588:
1586:
1585:
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1514:Vision and Art
1505:
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1414:
1377:(1): 411–437.
1363:Tsao, Doris Y.
1354:
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1053:(1): 309–356.
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680:0-916110-51-6
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635:In 2011, the
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52:(age 74)
50:April 3, 1950
42:
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31:
26:
22:
1647:. Retrieved
1637:
1627:December 27,
1625:. Retrieved
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1600:
1591:
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1544:. Retrieved
1528:
1524:
1513:
1512:Reviews for
1508:
1498:September 6,
1496:. Retrieved
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876:(1): 27–54.
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