625:
178:
1269:
796:
1046:
37:
701:
113:
138:
780:
765:
738:
753:
685:
123:
981:
723:
815:
366:
495:, he controlled the county by the beginning of 1064. Biota and Walter were captured at the taking of Le Mans. They died sometime later in 1063, poisoned, it was rumoured, though there is no hard evidence for this. Norman control of Maine secured the southern border of Normandy against Anjou and is one factor which enabled William to launch his successful
639:
At the beginning, a part of the Maine population supported the French
Revolution that took place in Paris. The extension of it and the general opposition of the other European countries provoked a war, that forced the authorities of the new founded French Republic to engage soldiers to fight against
434:
did not want Maine to return to the
Angevin orbit, so were pulled into the conflict. The precise chronology is disputed, but it is clear that in 1051 Hugh IV died and the citizens of Le Mans opened their gate to the Angevins. Anjou wound up with effective control of most of the county, but the
894:
Les
Annales de Flodoard explique que Rollon reçut Cinomannis et Baiocae que les historiens ont traduit par le Bessin et le Maine. Parmi eux, Lucien Musset estime peu probable que le Maine fut concédé. Il pense qu'il s'agissait juste de la partie du Maine que les Normands contrÎlaient déjà , en
640:
its
European enemies. The growing need of soldiers had bad consequences in the Maine, the south of Normandy and the eastern part of Brittany: Young men refused to join the army and preferred to disappear and hide themselves. They organized a sort of secret army and they got the name of
895:
l'occurrence l'Hiémois. En tout cas, selon l'historien normand François Neveux, "cette hypothétique cession du Mans et de sa région aux
Normands servit cependant plus tard, dans le courant du xie siÚcle, à étayer les prétentions des ducs sur le Maine (François Neveux,
966:
Auguste Bry, Le Maine et l'Anjou, historiques, archéologiques et pittoresques. Recueil des sites et des monuments les plus remarquables sous le rapport de l'art et de l'histoire des départements de la Sarthe, de la
Mayenne et de Maine-et-Loire, Nantes et Paris,
179:
648:. With such chiefs, Maine became quickly the centre of Chouan counter-revolution. They found local support everywhere among the peasants, who were shocked by the way the administration and the army treated the priests and the Roman Catholic religion.
946:
Patrice Morel, "Les Comtes du Maine au IX siĂšcle", in Revue
Historique et ArchĂ©ologique du Maine, Le Mans, 2005, 4° sĂ©rie T.5, tome CLVI de la Collection, pp. 177â264 (avec Index des principaux personages;
447:
fled to the Norman court (though some historians say he was under
Angevin control for a few years first) and his death in 1062 precipitated a succession crisis. Herbert died childless in 1062 after declaring
959:
Jean-Pierre
Brunterc'h, " le duché du Maine et la marche de Bretagne " dans La Neustrie. Les Pays au nord de la Loire de 650 à 850, colloque historique international publié par Hartmut Atsma, 1989, tome
1012:
950:
Robert
Latouche, "Les premiers comtes hĂ©rĂ©ditaires du Maine", in Revue Historique et ArchĂ©ologique du Maine, Le Mans, 1959, tome CXV de la Collection, pp. 37â41
1034:
970:
AbbĂ© Angot, "Les vicomtes du Maine", dans Bulletin de la Commission historique et archĂ©ologique de la Mayenne, 1914, no 30, pp. 180â232, 320â342, 404â424.
502:
In 1069 the citizens of Le Mans revolted against the Normans. Soon some of the Manceaux barons joined the revolt, the Normans were expelled in 1070, and young
554:. Since Henry had been Duke of Normandy since 1150, Anjou, Maine, and Normandy all had the same ruler for the first time. Henry later founded the
296:, was the count of Maine between 832 and 839. In the last half of the 9th century, Maine took on strategic importance because of invasions from
770:
795:
1042:
578:
1027:
1268:
700:
1549:
953:
Robert Latouche, Histoire du ComtĂ© du Maine pendant le X° et XI° siĂšcles, BibliothĂšque de l'Ăcole des Hautes Ătudes, Paris, 1910.
217:
lived in the region during the Iron Age and Roman period. The province of Maine was named after them, in the 6th century CE as
1020:
866:
1544:
1434:
993:
547:
1539:
1559:
956:
GĂ©rard Louise, "La seigneurie de BellĂȘme Xe-XIIe siĂšcles", dans Le Pays bas-normand, 1990, no 3 (199), pp. 161â175
577:
managed to become recognised as King of England, the Plantagenet holdings of Normandy, Touraine, Anjou and Maine were
920:
515:
80:
58:
51:
1564:
327:. When Gauzfrid died, Charles the Bald granted the title, as well as the county and the wider Neustrian march to
244:
In the 8th and 9th centuries, there existed a Duchy of CĂ©nomannie (ducatus Cenomannicus), which several of the
1495:
538:, agreed to recognize him as Count of Maine so long as he acknowledged the Duke of Normandy as his overlord.
331:, because Gauzfrid's children were too young to act in that capacity. Ragenold, who may have been the son of
530:
succeeded his cousin Hugh V, who sold Maine to him in 1092 for ten thousand shillings. His daughter married
1554:
814:
391:
to the north, Maine became a bone of contention between the rulers of these more powerful principalities.
1569:
492:
479:. The other claimant was Herbert's aunt Biota, a sister of Hugh IV, and her husband Walter, Count of the
427:
1168:
1148:
565:, ruler of England, Normandy, Aquitaine, Anjou, Brittany, Maine and Touraine, collectively known as the
475:
of Normandy claimed the county on their behalf of Herbert's young sister Margaret, betrothed to his son
1579:
779:
415:
624:
1534:
834:
722:
609:
523:
488:
309:
684:
1574:
737:
396:
305:
293:
45:
1439:
985:
1078:
821:
527:
484:
403:
112:
122:
16:
This article is about the French traditional province. For the 17th-century English colony, see
531:
411:
62:
25:
764:
728:
526:, who may also have been Gersendis' lover. After Norman attacks in 1073, 1088, 1098 and 1099,
452:, then Duke of Normandy, his heir. His sister Marguerite was engaged to William's eldest son,
272:
and thus the most powerful man in Francia after the king, gave this duchy to his half-brother
1424:
1293:
910:
658:
608:
took the title of Duke. The English held Le Mans until 1448 and Fresnay until 1449. In 1481,
574:
332:
1459:
1444:
1183:
1123:
752:
562:
472:
328:
313:
1474:
963:
François Neveux, la Normandie des ducs aux rois Xe-XIIe siÚcle, Rennes, Ouest-France, 1998
8:
1248:
1198:
1178:
1093:
1050:
582:
551:
449:
444:
324:
289:
281:
269:
245:
185:
522:, leaving Gersendis in charge. The real power, however, was one of the Manceaux barons,
1429:
1288:
1068:
613:
601:
586:
535:
806:
1118:
1054:
1045:
916:
862:
605:
570:
419:
392:
347:
317:
253:
17:
1481:
1258:
670:
359:
285:
214:
188:. It corresponds to the former County of Maine, whose capital was also the city of
471:
While the county was in Angevin hands, Anjou had its own succession problem. Duke
1138:
503:
496:
476:
457:
453:
407:
265:
172:
997:
854:
1449:
1163:
1143:
883:
la Normandie avant les Normands, de la conquĂȘte romaine Ă l'arrivĂ©e des Vikings
743:
566:
461:
384:
257:
1528:
1510:
1497:
1203:
1103:
802:
435:
Normans did take several important strongholds on the MaineâNormandy border.
273:
518:
and his wife Gersendis, the other sister of Count Hugh IV. Azzo returned to
483:. William invaded Maine in force in 1063 and despite stiff opposition from
256:
that may have included several counties including Maine, and extended into
1313:
1218:
1353:
1108:
706:
645:
555:
277:
137:
1368:
1363:
1348:
1343:
1318:
1133:
550:
inherited Maine. When Geoffrey died in 1151, it passed to his son, King
1403:
1243:
1454:
1328:
1323:
1208:
1173:
1073:
153:
1408:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1253:
1238:
1213:
1188:
1113:
710:
628:
Since 1791, Maine forms the biggest part of two departments :
388:
301:
297:
249:
1098:
980:
656:
During the French Revolution Maine became part of the new created
1358:
1298:
1283:
1228:
1158:
1153:
1128:
714:
662:
629:
465:
431:
351:
336:
197:
189:
881:
Elisabeth Deniaux, Claude Lorren, Pierre Bauduin, Thomas Jarry,
1378:
1333:
1303:
1233:
1223:
1083:
786:
691:
666:
641:
633:
321:
193:
365:
1469:
1464:
1398:
1388:
1338:
1308:
1088:
589:
took Touraine, Anjou and Maine on behalf of the French king.
519:
480:
456:
and Herbert had taken refuge at William's court in 1056 when
423:
355:
340:
261:
21:
534:, who took Maine over in 1110 after the death of Elias.
597:
In 1331 the Count of Maine became a peer of the realm.
438:
292:
inherited the title. The son-in-law of Charlemagne,
422:did not want Maine to come under the influence of
541:
509:
308:in turn became Count of Maine. He fought against
1526:
378:
192:. The area, now divided into the departments of
395:(ruled c. 991âc. 1015) was forced to recognize
1028:
885:, Rennes, Ouest-France, 2002, p. 276 et p.389
669:, now they are incorporated together in the
585:. During the invasion, the French seneschal
1035:
1021:
616:, thus returning the county to the crown.
604:in 1424, the English occupied Maine, and
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
994:"Archives departementales de la Mayenne"
915:. London: Anthem Press. pp. 39â52.
623:
364:
44:This article includes a list of general
1527:
897:La Normandie des ducs aux rois, Rennes
1016:
853:
284:. Charlemagne's grandson, the future
171:
908:
644:, from the nickname of their chief,
619:
548:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
439:Norman conquest and rule (1062â1070)
280:in turn gave it to his younger son,
239:
30:
592:
373:
350:is said to have given Maine to the
13:
50:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1591:
974:
200:, has about 857,000 inhabitants.
1267:
1044:
979:
813:
794:
778:
763:
751:
736:
721:
699:
683:
136:
121:
111:
35:
940:
861:. Librairie Droz. p. 153.
859:Toponymie générale de la France
651:
506:was proclaimed Count of Maine.
402:Sometime between 1045 and 1047
312:and in 866 participated in the
1550:History of Centre-Val de Loire
902:
888:
875:
847:
573:that lasted until 1204. While
542:Plantagenet period (1129â1204)
510:Independent period (1070â1129)
487:and from local barons such as
387:to the south and the Duchy of
1:
912:King John: An Underrated King
840:
569:, died in 1199, it sparked a
379:Angevin period (c. 1000â1063)
208:
184:) is one of the traditional
7:
1545:History of Pays de la Loire
1418:Foreign territories in 1789
1277:Minor provinces and regions
899:, Ouest-France, 1998, p.31)
828:
335:, died in 885 fighting the
10:
1596:
1540:Former provinces of France
731:Castle 12th â 15th century
676:
416:Alan III, Duke of Brittany
203:
15:
1560:History of Indre-et-Loire
1417:
1276:
1265:
1061:
835:Counts and Dukes of Maine
610:Charles IV, Duke of Anjou
310:Salomon, King of Brittany
152:
144:
135:
107:
100:
909:Seel, Graham E. (2012).
612:bequeathed his lands to
493:Hubert de Sainte-Suzanne
397:Fulk III, Count of Anjou
383:Bordering the county of
236:from the 12th century).
20:. For the US state, see
1565:History of Loir-et-Cher
822:Sainte-Suzanne, Mayenne
485:Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
430:invaded Maine. But the
65:more precise citations.
636:
532:Fulk V, Count of Anjou
412:Odo II, Count of Blois
370:
26:Maine (disambiguation)
24:. For other uses, see
1435:Menton and Roquebrune
627:
579:invaded and conquered
563:Richard the Lionheart
368:
260:, all the way to the
1184:Lorraine and Barrois
1051:Historical provinces
558:dynasty in England.
514:Hugh was the son of
329:Ragenold of Neustria
325:Margrave of Neustria
314:battle of Brissarthe
1555:History of Normandy
1507: /
1062:General governments
583:Philip II of France
552:Henry II of England
524:Geoffrey of Mayenne
497:invasion of England
489:Geoffrey of Mayenne
450:William the Bastard
339:who were pillaging
290:Louis the Stammerer
282:Charles the Younger
270:Mayor of the Palace
252:. This duchy was a
186:provinces of France
1570:History of Mayenne
820:Panoramic view of
637:
614:Louis XI of France
602:Battle of Verneuil
587:William des Roches
371:
333:Renaud d'Herbauges
1580:History of Sarthe
1490:
1489:
984:Works related to
868:978-2-600-02883-7
620:French Revolution
606:John of Lancaster
571:war of succession
399:as his overlord.
393:Hugh III of Maine
348:Rudolph of France
318:Robert the Strong
248:kings used as an
240:Early Middle Ages
213:The Gallic tribe
162:
161:
91:
90:
83:
18:Province of Maine
1587:
1535:Maine (province)
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1482:Comtat Venaissin
1478:
1271:
1049:
1048:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1005:
996:. Archived from
986:Maine (province)
983:
934:
933:
931:
929:
906:
900:
892:
886:
879:
873:
872:
851:
817:
798:
782:
767:
755:
740:
725:
703:
687:
671:Pays de la Loire
593:Late Middle Ages
374:High Middle Ages
360:Duke of Normandy
286:Charles the Bald
215:Aulerci Cenomani
183:
182:
181:
175:
170:
140:
125:
115:
98:
97:
86:
79:
75:
72:
66:
61:this article by
52:inline citations
39:
38:
31:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1575:History of Orne
1525:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1472:
1413:
1272:
1263:
1057:
1043:
1041:
1003:
1001:
992:
977:
947:Bibliographie).
943:
938:
937:
927:
925:
923:
907:
903:
893:
889:
880:
876:
869:
852:
848:
843:
831:
824:
818:
809:
807:ChĂąteau-Gontier
799:
790:
783:
774:
768:
759:
756:
747:
746:Castle and Town
741:
732:
726:
717:
704:
695:
688:
679:
654:
622:
595:
544:
536:Henri Beauclerc
512:
477:Robert Curthose
458:Geoffrey Martel
454:Robert Curthose
441:
428:Geoffrey Martel
381:
376:
304:. Rorgon's son
266:Pepin the Short
242:
211:
206:
177:
176:
168:
131:
130:
129:
128:
119:
118:
103:
96:
95:Place in France
87:
76:
70:
67:
57:Please help to
56:
40:
36:
29:
12:
11:
5:
1593:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1511:48.00°N 0.20°E
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1011:
1010:
988:at Wikisource
976:
975:External links
973:
972:
971:
968:
964:
961:
957:
954:
951:
948:
942:
939:
936:
935:
921:
901:
887:
874:
867:
845:
844:
842:
839:
838:
837:
830:
827:
826:
825:
819:
812:
810:
800:
793:
791:
784:
777:
775:
769:
762:
760:
757:
750:
748:
742:
735:
733:
727:
720:
718:
705:
698:
696:
689:
682:
678:
675:
653:
650:
646:Jean Cottereau
621:
618:
594:
591:
567:Angevin Empire
543:
540:
511:
508:
443:Hugh IV's son
440:
437:
410:, daughter of
380:
377:
375:
372:
288:, and his son
258:Lower Normandy
241:
238:
226:pago Celmanico
210:
207:
205:
202:
173:[mÉËn]
160:
159:
156:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
133:
132:
126:
120:
116:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
94:
89:
88:
43:
41:
34:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1592:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1260:
1259:Trois-ĂvĂȘchĂ©s
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:Lower Navarre
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Ăle-de-France
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:Franche-Comté
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1000:on 7 May 2013
999:
995:
991:
990:
989:
987:
982:
969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
952:
949:
945:
944:
924:
922:9780857282392
918:
914:
913:
905:
898:
891:
884:
878:
870:
864:
860:
856:
855:NĂšgre, Ernest
850:
846:
836:
833:
832:
823:
816:
811:
808:
804:
803:half-timbered
797:
792:
788:
781:
776:
772:
766:
761:
758:View of Laval
754:
749:
745:
739:
734:
730:
724:
719:
716:
713:city wall in
712:
708:
702:
697:
693:
686:
681:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
661:
660:
649:
647:
643:
635:
631:
626:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:John Lackland
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
507:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
436:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:and widow of
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
367:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
237:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
219:in Cinomanico
216:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
180:
174:
166:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
124:
114:
106:
99:
93:
85:
82:
74:
64:
60:
54:
53:
47:
42:
33:
32:
27:
23:
19:
1492:
1193:
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
978:
941:Bibliography
926:. Retrieved
911:
904:
896:
890:
882:
877:
858:
849:
659:départements
657:
655:
652:Modern times
638:
599:
596:
560:
545:
513:
501:
470:
442:
426:, and Count
401:
382:
369:Map of Maine
345:
243:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
212:
164:
163:
127:Coat of arms
92:
77:
68:
49:
1516:48.00; 0.20
1514: /
1473: [
1460:Sarrewerden
1440:Montbéliard
1109:Bourbonnais
1004:17 February
928:16 November
707:Gallo-Roman
556:Plantagenet
546:Fulk's son
516:Azzo d'Este
278:Charlemagne
246:Carolingian
63:introducing
1529:Categories
1404:Vermandois
1294:Beaujolais
1244:Roussillon
967:1856â1860;
841:References
789:-Hedgerows
690:Des Erves
600:After the
464:, invaded
460:, Duke of
445:Herbert II
362:, in 924.
316:alongside
264:. In 748,
169:pronounced
46:references
1455:Salm-Salm
1329:Couserans
1324:Comminges
1314:Cambrésis
1249:Saintonge
1219:Orléanais
1209:Nivernais
1174:Languedoc
1124:Champagne
1074:Angoumois
805:house in
801:Medieval
771:Thévalles
499:in 1066.
354:nobleman
276:. In 790
209:Antiquity
154:Time zone
71:July 2014
1445:Mulhouse
1425:Créhange
1409:Vivarais
1394:Valromey
1384:Rouergue
1374:Ponthieu
1369:PĂ©rigord
1364:NĂ©bouzan
1349:GĂ©vaudan
1344:GĂątinais
1319:CĂ©vennes
1289:Armagnac
1254:Touraine
1239:Provence
1214:Normandy
1189:Lyonnais
1179:Limousin
1139:Flanders
1134:Dauphiné
1119:Burgundy
1114:Brittany
1094:Auvergne
857:(1990).
829:See also
711:medieval
673:Region.
581:by King
420:Angevins
406:married
389:Normandy
322:Frankish
306:Gauzfrid
302:Brittany
298:Normandy
250:appanage
234:Le Maine
230:*Cemaine
228:in 765,
1499:48°00âČN
1359:Labourd
1299:Bigorre
1284:Agenais
1229:Picardy
1164:Hainaut
1159:Guyenne
1154:Gascony
1129:Corsica
715:Le Mans
694:4000 BC
677:Gallery
663:Mayenne
642:Chouans
630:Mayenne
528:Elias I
473:William
466:Le Mans
432:Normans
404:Hugh IV
337:Vikings
268:, then
232:, then
204:History
198:Mayenne
190:Le Mans
145:Country
59:improve
1502:0°12âČE
1379:Quercy
1334:Dombes
1304:Bresse
1234:Poitou
1224:Perche
1199:Marche
1084:Artois
1069:Alsace
1055:France
919:
865:
787:Bocage
785:Maine
773:Castle
729:Lassay
692:dolmen
667:Sarthe
634:Sarthe
504:Hugh V
418:. The
408:Bertha
320:, the
294:Rorgon
194:Sarthe
148:France
48:, but
1477:]
1470:Tende
1465:Savoy
1399:Velay
1389:Soule
1339:Forez
1309:Bugey
1194:Maine
1104:Berry
1099:BĂ©arn
1089:Aunis
1079:Anjou
744:Laval
561:When
520:Italy
481:Vexin
462:Anjou
424:Blois
385:Anjou
356:Rollo
352:Norse
346:King
341:Rouen
274:Grifo
262:Seine
254:march
165:Maine
102:Maine
22:Maine
1450:Nice
1430:Dabo
1144:Foix
1006:2013
930:2019
917:ISBN
863:ISBN
709:and
665:and
632:and
491:and
300:and
196:and
117:Flag
1354:Gex
1053:of
158:CET
1531::
1475:fr
960:1.
468:.
358:,
343:.
223:in
1036:e
1029:t
1022:v
1008:.
932:.
871:.
221:(
167:(
84:)
78:(
73:)
69:(
55:.
28:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.svg)