114:. New York: G.K. Hall, 1994) and machine-readable files. Given the growing size and frequency of changes and additions to the ULAN, by 1997 it had become evident that hard-copy publication was impractical. It is now published in automated formats only, in both a searchable online Web interface and in data files available for licensing. The data for ULAN is compiled and edited in an editorial system that was custom-built by Getty technical staff to meet the unique requirements of compiling data from many contributors, merging, moving, and publishing in various formats. Final editorial control of the ULAN is maintained by the Getty Vocabulary Program, using well-established editorial rules. The current managers of the ULAN are Patricia Harpring, Managing Editor, and Murtha Baca, Head, Vocabulary Program and Digital Resource Management.
98:
maintenance of the Art and
Architecture Thesaurus: Its scope includes names needed to catalog and retrieve information about the visual arts and architecture; it is based on terminology that is current, warranted for use by authoritative literary sources, and validated by use in the scholarly art and architectural history community; and it is compiled and edited in response to the needs of the user community. Originally constructed as a simple alphabetized "union list" of clustered artist names and biographies, in order to make it consistent with the AAT and
63:, which by 2018 contained over 300,000 artists and over 720,000 names for them, as well as other information about artists. Names in ULAN may include given names, pseudonyms, variant spellings, names in multiple languages, and names that have changed over time (e.g., married names). Among these names, one is flagged as the preferred name.
331:
The documents on this page include presentations and other training materials for the Getty
Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), the Union List of Artist Names (ULAN), the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO), Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA),
109:
The ULAN was founded under the management of
Eleanor Fink (head of what was then called the Vocabulary Coordination Group, and later Director of the Art History Information Program, later called the Getty Information Institute). The ULAN has been constructed over the years by numerous members of the
73:
The focus of each ULAN record is an artist. In the database, each artist record (also called a subject) is identified by a unique numeric ID. The artist's nationality is given, as are places and dates of birth and death (if known). Linked to each artist record are names, related artists, sources for
122:
Even though the structure is relatively flat, the ULAN is constructed as a hierarchical database; its trees branch from a root called Top of the ULAN hierarchies (Subject_ID: 500000001); it currently has two published facets: Person and
Corporate Body. Entities in the Person facet typically have no
97:
Although originally intended only for use by Getty projects, the broader art information community outside the Getty expressed a need to use ULAN for cataloging and retrieval. The Getty thus distributed ULAN for broader use according to the tenets previously established for the construction and
77:
Artists may be either individuals (persons) or groups of individuals working together (corporate bodies). Artists in the ULAN generally represent creators involved in the conception or production of visual arts and architecture. Some performance artists are included (but typically not actors,
324:
The editorial guidelines for the AAT, ULAN, and TGN contain rules and guidelines intended for use by the editors of the Getty
Vocabulary Program using the in-house editorial system, VCS (Vocabulary Coordination System). Contributors to the Getty Vocabularies and implementers of the licensed
123:
children. Entities in the
Corporate Body facet may branch into trees. There may be multiple broader contexts, making the ULAN structure polyhierarchical. In addition to the hierarchical relationships, the ULAN also has equivalent and associative relationships.
110:
user community and an army of dedicated editors, under the supervision of several managers. The ULAN was published in 1994 in hardcopy (Union List of Artist Names. Project manager, James M. Bower; senior editor,
90:(AAT), began the project in response to requests from Getty projects for controlled vocabularies of artists' names. The ULAN grows and changes via contributions from the user community and editorial work of the
32:
20:
307:
375:
151:
106:. Its scope was broadened to include corporate bodies such as architectural firms and repositories of art, which may have hierarchical levels.
70:, compliant with ISO and NISO standards for thesaurus construction; it contains hierarchical, equivalence, and associative relationships.
321:
163:
99:
74:
the data, and notes. The temporal coverage of the ULAN ranges from
Antiquity to the present and the scope is global.
67:
370:
345:
316:
215:
157:
328:
145:
87:
133:
350:
86:
Development of the ULAN began in 1984 by the J. Paul Getty Trust. The Trust, which already managed the
299:
169:
91:
56:
304:
365:
188:
229:
Harpring, Patricia (2010). "Development of the Getty
Vocabularies: AAT, TGN, ULAN, and CONA".
355:
60:
199:
Lerner, Heidi G. (2008)."Resources for Jewish
Biography and Autobiography on the Internet".
78:
dancers, or other performing artists). Repositories and some donors are included as well.
8:
360:
259:
139:
102:, in the late 1990s ULAN was brought into compliance with national and international
311:
52:
339:
263:
329:
Training materials and presentations created by the Getty
Vocabulary Program
111:
36:
24:
281:
Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America
252:
Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America
247:
231:
Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America
103:
31:
19:
248:"Development of the Getty Vocabularies: AAT, TGN, ULAN, and CONA"
66:
Although it is displayed as a list, ULAN is structured as a
325:
vocabulary data may consult these guidelines as well.
337:
225:
223:
152:Categories for the Description of Works of Art
275:
273:
220:
270:
245:
30:
18:
16:American database of artists and people
338:
376:Library cataloging and classification
322:Getty Vocabulary Editorial Guidelines
137:the main competitor, now online via
104:standards for thesaurus construction
164:Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
100:Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
13:
14:
387:
300:Union List of Artist Names Online
293:
158:Cultural Objects Name Authority
117:
239:
209:
193:
182:
146:Art and Architecture Thesaurus
88:Art and Architecture Thesaurus
1:
134:Benezit Dictionary of Artists
305:About the Getty Vocabularies
175:
7:
246:Harpring, Patricia (2010).
126:
10:
392:
81:
45:Union List of Artist Names
332:and standards in general.
279:Austin, David L. (1995).
170:Getty Vocabulary Program
92:Getty Vocabulary Program
57:Getty Research Institute
371:Online person databases
346:Controlled vocabularies
40:
28:
61:controlled vocabulary
34:
22:
35:Sample ULAN Record,
351:J. Paul Getty Trust
310:2010-07-20 at the
41:
29:
23:Sample entry, for
140:Oxford Art Online
383:
287:
277:
268:
267:
243:
237:
227:
218:
213:
207:
197:
191:
186:
391:
390:
386:
385:
384:
382:
381:
380:
336:
335:
312:Wayback Machine
296:
291:
290:
278:
271:
244:
240:
228:
221:
214:
210:
198:
194:
187:
183:
178:
129:
120:
84:
53:online database
17:
12:
11:
5:
389:
379:
378:
373:
368:
366:Arts databases
363:
358:
353:
348:
334:
333:
326:
319:
314:
302:
295:
294:External links
292:
289:
288:
269:
238:
219:
208:
192:
180:
179:
177:
174:
173:
172:
167:
161:
155:
149:
143:
128:
125:
119:
116:
83:
80:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
388:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
341:
330:
327:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
309:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
285:
282:
276:
274:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
242:
235:
232:
226:
224:
217:
212:
206:(2), 128–142.
205:
202:
196:
190:
185:
181:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
142:
141:
136:
135:
131:
130:
124:
115:
113:
107:
105:
101:
95:
93:
89:
79:
75:
71:
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
38:
33:
26:
21:
356:Museum books
283:
280:
258:(1): 67–72.
255:
251:
241:
233:
230:
211:
203:
200:
195:
184:
138:
132:
121:
118:Highlighting
108:
96:
85:
76:
72:
65:
51:) is a free
48:
44:
42:
286:(2), 48–49.
236:(1), 67–72.
112:Murtha Baca
37:Mark Rothko
25:Mark Rothko
340:Categories
317:About ULAN
216:About ULAN
39:continued.
27:, screen 1
264:0730-7187
176:Footnotes
68:thesaurus
361:Thesauri
308:Archived
189:ULAN FAQ
127:See also
59:using a
82:History
55:of the
262:
201:Shofar
160:(CONA)
154:(CDWA)
166:(TGN)
148:(AAT)
260:ISSN
49:ULAN
43:The
342::
284:14
272:^
256:29
254:.
250:.
234:29
222:^
204:26
94:.
266:.
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
