Michelangelo - Knowledge

2349: 1228:, threw out the Medici and restored the republic. A siege of the city ensued, and Michelangelo went to the aid of his beloved Florence by working on the city's fortifications from 1528 to 1529. The city fell in 1530, and the Medici were restored to power, with the young Alessandro Medici as the first Duke of Florence. Pope Clement, a Medici, sentenced Michelangelo to death. It is thought that Michelangelo hid for two months in a small chamber under the Medici chapels in the Basilica of San Lorenzo with light from just a tiny window, making many charcoal and chalk drawings which remained hidden until the room was rediscovered in 1975, and opened to small numbers of visitors in 2023. Michelangelo was eventually pardoned by the Medicis and the death sentence lifted, so that he could complete work on the Sistine Chapel and the Medici family tomb. He left Florence for Rome in 1534. Despite Michelangelo's support of the republic and resistance to the Medici rule, Pope Clement reinstated an allowance that he had previously granted the artist and made a new contract with him over the tomb of Pope Julius. 2381: 1854: 2329: 2365: 2561: 2258: 1700: 2275: 2220: 973: 40: 779: 7757: 2493: 2508: 637: 2237: 1888: 1753: 2539: 2523: 1538:

chalk; and then he drew for him a Ganymede rapt to Heaven by Jove's Eagle, a Tityus with the Vulture devouring his heart, the Chariot of the Sun falling with Phaëthon into the Po, and a Bacchanal of children, which are all in themselves most rare things, and drawings the like of which have never been seen." Some scholars downplay the relationship between Michelangelo and Cavalieri as one of platonic friendship. The poems to Cavalieri make up the first large sequence of poems in any modern tongue addressed by one man to another; they predate by 50 years

2115: 1355: 2100: 1398:, Rome. The process of replacing the Constantinian basilica of the 4th century had been underway for fifty years and in 1506 foundations had been laid to the plans of Bramante. Successive architects had worked on it, but little progress had been made. Michelangelo was persuaded to take over the project. He returned to the concepts of Bramante, and developed his ideas for a centrally planned church, strengthening the structure both physically and visually. The dome, not completed until after his death, has been called by 1237: 2006: 1871: 1435: 2318:. In 1547 he took on the job of completing St Peter's Basilica, begun to a design by Bramante, and with several intermediate designs by several architects. Michelangelo returned to Bramante's design, retaining the basic form and concepts by simplifying and strengthening the design to create a more dynamic and unified whole. Although the late 16th-century engraving depicts the dome as having a hemispherical profile, the dome of Michelangelo's model is somewhat ovoid and the final product, as completed by 2085: 1047: 2038: 1736: 2021: 1419: 1909: 2070: 210: 1959: 7796: 1607:, whom he met in Rome in 1536 or 1538 and who was in her late forties at the time. They wrote sonnets for each other and were in regular contact until she died. These sonnets mostly deal with the spiritual issues that occupied them. Condivi, who in his biography was preoccupied with downplaying Michelangelo's attraction to men, alleged Michelangelo said his sole regret in life was that he did not kiss the widow's face in the same manner that he had her hand. 7359: 4583:, "Whatever the strength of his feelings, Michelangelo's relationship with Tommaso de'Cavalieri is unlikely to have been a physical, sexual affair. For one thing, it was acted out through poems and images that were far from secret. Even if we do not choose to believe Michelangelo's protestations of the chastity of his behaviour, Tommaso's high social position and the relatively public nature of their relationship make it improbable that it was not platonic." 1806:. The sculpture has all the traditional attributes, a vine wreath, a cup of wine and a fawn, but Michelangelo ingested an air of reality into the subject, depicting him with bleary eyes, a swollen bladder and a stance that suggests he is unsteady on his feet. While the work is plainly inspired by Classical sculpture, it is innovative for its rotating movement and strongly three-dimensional quality, which encourages the viewer to look at it from every angle. 1992: 1718: 7769: 482: 5890: 7808: 2776: 2748: 760:

24 at the time of its completion. It was soon to be regarded as one of the world's great masterpieces of sculpture, "a revelation of all the potentialities and force of the art of sculpture". Contemporary opinion was summarised by Vasari: "It is certainly a miracle that a formless block of stone could ever have been reduced to a perfection that nature is scarcely able to create in the flesh." It is now located in

1792:. An angel holding a candlestick, by Niccolò, was already in place. Although the two angels form a pair, there is a great contrast between the two works, the one depicting a delicate child with flowing hair clothed in Gothic robes with deep folds, and Michelangelo's depicting a robust and muscular youth with eagle's wings, clad in a garment of Classical style. Everything about Michelangelo's 1274:, was instrumental in seeing that Michelangelo began and completed the project, which he laboured on from 1534 to October 1541. The fresco depicts the Second Coming of Christ and his Judgement of the souls. Michelangelo ignored the usual artistic conventions in portraying Jesus, showing him as a massive, muscular figure, youthful, beardless and naked. He is surrounded by saints, among whom 2295:

Medici (later Pope Clement VII) commissioned him to design the Medici Chapel and the tombs of Giuliano and Lorenzo Medici. Pope Clement also commissioned the Laurentian Library, for which Michelangelo also designed the extraordinary vestibule with columns recessed into niches, and a staircase that appears to spill out of the library like a flow of lava, according to

2762: 2584:, who was his fellow pupil at the Medici Academy, and became one of several assistants on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Michelangelo appears to have used assistants mainly for the more manual tasks of preparing surfaces and grinding colours. Despite this, his works were to have a great influence on painters, sculptors and architects for many generations to come. 2380: 923:. The two paintings are very different: Leonardo depicts soldiers fighting on horseback, while Michelangelo has soldiers being ambushed as they bathe in the river. Neither work was completed and both were lost forever when the chamber was refurbished. Both works were much admired, and copies remain of them, Leonardo's work having been copied by 1947:, was to adorn the pendentives with figures of the twelve apostles. Michelangelo, who was reluctant to take the job, persuaded the Pope to give him a free hand in the composition. The resultant scheme of decoration awed his contemporaries and has inspired other artists ever since. The scheme is of nine panels illustrating episodes from the 733:, to whom Lorenzo had sold it, discovered that it was a fraud, but was so impressed by the quality of the sculpture that he invited the artist to Rome. This apparent success in selling his sculpture abroad as well as the conservative Florentine situation may have encouraged Michelangelo to accept the prelate's invitation. 581:, a master in fresco painting, perspective, figure drawing and portraiture who had the largest workshop in Florence. In 1488, at age 13, Michelangelo was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio. The next year, his father persuaded Ghirlandaio to pay Michelangelo as an artist, which was rare for someone of fourteen. When in 1489, 2580:. Although their names are often cited together, Michelangelo was younger than Leonardo by 23 years, and older than Raphael by eight. Because of his reclusive nature, he had little to do with either artist and outlived both of them by more than forty years. Michelangelo took few sculpture students. He employed 2138:, created while he was still a youth associated with the Medici Academy, is an unusually complex relief in that it shows a great number of figures involved in a vigorous struggle. Such a complex disarray of figures was rare in Florentine art, where it would usually only be found in images showing either the 1623:, Michelangelo and Raphael met once: the former was alone, while the latter was accompanied by several others. Michelangelo commented that he thought he had encountered the chief of police with such an assemblage, and Raphael replied that he thought he had met an executioner, as they are wont to walk alone. 5871: 759:

grieving over the body of Jesus. The subject, which is not part of the Biblical narrative of the Crucifixion, was common in religious sculpture of medieval northern Europe and would have been very familiar to the Cardinal. The contract was agreed upon in August of the following year. Michelangelo was

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In 1520, the Medici came back to Michelangelo with another grand proposal, this time for a family funerary chapel in the Basilica of San Lorenzo. For posterity, this project, occupying the artist for much of the 1520s and 1530s, was more fully realised. Michelangelo used his own discretion to create

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is known in its entirety only from copies, as the original cartoon, according to Vasari, was so admired that it deteriorated and was eventually in pieces. It reflects the earlier relief in the energy and diversity of the figures, with many different postures, and many being viewed from the back, as

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On 7 December 2007, a red chalk sketch for the dome of St Peter's Basilica, possibly the last made by Michelangelo before his death, was discovered in the Vatican archives. It is extremely rare, since he destroyed his designs later in life. The sketch is a partial plan for one of the radial columns

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The work has proved a veritable beacon to our art, of inestimable benefit to all painters, restoring light to a world that for centuries had been plunged into darkness. Indeed, painters no longer need to seek for new inventions, novel attitudes, clothed figures, fresh ways of expression, different

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observed: "But infinitely more than any of the others he loved M. Tommaso de' Cavalieri, a Roman gentleman, for whom, being a young man and much inclined to these arts, made, to the end that he might learn to draw, many most superb drawings of divinely beautiful heads, designed in black and red

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Michelangelo's architectural commissions included a number that were not realised, notably the façade for Brunelleschi's Church of San Lorenzo in Florence, for which Michelangelo had a wooden model constructed, but which remains to this day unfinished rough brick. At the same church, Giulio de'

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soldiers busy themselves about their assigned duty of digging a post hole and raising the cross while various people look on and discuss the events. A group of horrified women cluster in the foreground, while another group of Christians is led by a tall man to witness the events. In the right

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is a chalk drawing of a type described as "presentation drawings", as they might be given as a gift by an artist, and were not necessarily studies towards a painted work. In this image, Mary's upraised arms and hands are indicative of her prophetic role. The frontal aspect is reminiscent of

729:, asked that Michelangelo "fix it so that it looked as if it had been buried" so he could "send it to Rome ... pass an ancient work and ... sell it much better." Both Lorenzo and Michelangelo were unwittingly cheated out of the real value of the piece by a middleman. Cardinal 1004:

painting unfinished. By this time, Michelangelo was established as an artist; both he and Julius II had hot tempers and soon argued. On 17 April 1506, Michelangelo left Rome in secret for Florence, remaining there until the Florentine government pressed him to return to the pope.

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Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where he was raised. During his mother's later prolonged illness, and after her death in 1481 (when he was six years old), Michelangelo lived with a nanny and her husband, a stonecutter, in the town of

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could never be completed because Michelangelo carved it away until there was insufficient stone. The legs and a detached arm remain from a previous stage of the work. As it remains, the sculpture has an abstract quality, in keeping with 20th-century concepts of sculpture.

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As supporters to the smaller scenes, Michelangelo painted twenty youths who have variously been interpreted as angels, as muses, or simply as decoration. Michelangelo referred to them as "ignudi". The figure reproduced may be seen in context in the above image of the

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translated the poems into English in 1893 that the original genders were restored. Since then it has become more accepted that his poems should be understood at face value, that is, as indicating his personal feelings and a preference by him for young men over women.

1142:, the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici. From 1513 to 1516, Pope Leo was on good terms with Pope Julius's surviving relatives, so encouraged Michelangelo to continue work on Julius's tomb, but the families became enemies again in 1516 when Pope Leo tried to seize the 2328: 710:

had suffered defeats. Michelangelo returned to Florence but received no commissions from the new city government under Savonarola. He returned to the employment of the Medici. During the half-year he spent in Florence, he worked on two small statues, a child

2189:. Melozzo had depicted figures from different angles, as if they were floating in the Heaven and seen from below. Melozzo's majestic figure of Christ, with windblown cloak, demonstrates a degree of foreshortening of the figure that had also been employed by 1595:, published the poems in 1623 with the gender of pronouns changed; he also removed words or in other instances insisted that Michelangelo's poems be read allegorically and philosophically, a judgment some modern scholars still repeat today. It was not until 1478:

says, "His nature was so rough and uncouth that his domestic habits were incredibly squalid, and deprived posterity of any pupils who might have followed him." This, however, may not have affected him, as he was by nature a solitary and melancholy person,

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His poetry includes the following closing lines from what is known as poem 285 (written in 1554): "Neither painting nor sculpture will be able any longer to calm my soul, now turned toward that divine love that opened his arms on the cross to take us in."

1847:, each show the figure struggling to free itself, as if from the bonds of the rock in which it is lodged. The works give a unique insight into the sculptural methods that Michelangelo employed and his way of revealing what he perceived within the rock. 1405:

As construction was progressing on St Peter's, there was concern that Michelangelo would die before the dome was finished. However, once building commenced on the lower part of the dome, the supporting ring, the completion of the design was inevitable.

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Michelangelo's vestibule of the Laurentian Library was one of the earliest buildings to use classical forms in a plastic and expressive manner. This dynamic quality was later to find its major expression in his centrally planned St. Peter's, with its

331:. Given the sheer volume of surviving correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences, Michelangelo is one of the best-documented artists of the 16th century. He was lauded by contemporary biographers as the most accomplished artist of his era. 896:. The hypothesis of Michelangelo's possible involvement in the creation of the profile is based on the strong resemblance of the latter to a profile drawn by the artist, datable to the beginning of the 16th century, now preserved in the 649:

Lorenzo de' Medici's death on 8 April 1492 brought a reversal of Michelangelo's circumstances. Michelangelo left the security of the Medici court and returned to his father's house. In the following months he carved a polychrome wooden

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Hughes, Anthony: "Michelangelo", p. 326. Phaidon, 1997. The author insists Michelangelo's homoerotic poems form, "an emotionless and elegant re-imagining of Platonic dialogue, whereby erotic poetry was seen as an expression of refined

1066:, resented Michelangelo's commission for the pope's tomb and convinced the pope to commission him in a medium with which he was unfamiliar, in order that he might fail at the task. Michelangelo was originally commissioned to paint the 1474:, more than many princes and dukes of his time. Condivi said he was indifferent to food and drink, eating "more out of necessity than of pleasure" and that he "often slept in his clothes and ... boots." His biographer 1369:, Michelangelo received yet another commission for the Vatican. This was for the painting of two large frescos in the Cappella Paolina depicting significant events in the lives of the two most important saints of Rome, the 1568:

Cavalieri replied: "I swear to return your love. Never have I loved a man more than I love you, never have I wished for a friendship more than I wish for yours." Cavalieri remained devoted to Michelangelo until his death.

1689:, has elements of all three previous works: the frieze of figures in the background has the appearance of a low-relief, while the circular shape and dynamic forms echo the Taddeo Tondo. The twisting motion present in the 991:, which was to include forty statues and be finished in five years. Under the patronage of the pope, Michelangelo experienced constant interruptions to his work on the tomb in order to accomplish numerous other tasks. 1074:

that supported the ceiling, and to cover the central part of the ceiling with ornament. Michelangelo persuaded Pope Julius II to give him a free hand and proposed a different and more complex scheme, representing the

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is the most famous male nude of all time, and copies of it now grace cities around the world, some of his other works have had perhaps even greater impact on the course of art. The twisting forms and tensions of the

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was, at the time of its creation, unlike other such statues depicting the Virgin proudly presenting her son. Here, the Christ Child, restrained by his mother's clasping hand, is about to step off into the world. The

437:; but the bank failed, and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the town's 471:

If there is some good in me, it is because I was born in the subtle atmosphere of your country of Arezzo. Along with the milk of my nurse I received the knack of handling chisel and hammer, with which I make my

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Sources disagree as to how old Michelangelo was when he departed for school. De Tolnay writes that it was at ten years old while Sedgwick notes in her translation of Condivi that Michelangelo was seven.

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It is impossible to know whether Michelangelo had any physical relationships. Understanding about his sexuality is rooted in his art, especially his poetry. He wrote more than three hundred sonnets and

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at San Lorenzo's Church. He designed both the interior of the library itself and its vestibule, a building utilising architectural forms with such dynamic effect that it is seen as the forerunner of

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The city of Florence was at that time Italy's greatest centre of the arts and learning. Art was sponsored by the Signoria (the town council), the merchant guilds, and wealthy patrons such as the

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Michelangelo arrived in Rome on 25 June 1496 at the age of 21. On 4 July of the same year, he began work on a commission for Cardinal Riario, an over-life-size statue of the Roman wine god

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is Michelangelo's earliest known work in marble. It is carved in shallow relief, a technique often employed by the master-sculptor of the early 15th century, Donatello, and others such as

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specifically for the project. In 1520, the work was abruptly cancelled by his financially strapped patrons before any real progress had been made. The basilica lacks a façade to this day.

1853: 5895: 828:, in 1504. The masterwork definitively established his prominence as a sculptor of extraordinary technical skill and strength of symbolic imagination. A team of consultants, including 396:—his ability to instill a sense of awe in viewers of his art. Attempts by subsequent artists to imitate the expressive physicality of Michelangelo's style contributed to the rise of 1973:

being the first of this group. In the later compositions, painted after the initial scaffolding had been removed, Michelangelo made the figures larger. One of the central images,

7248: 6840: 1470:: "However rich I may have been, I have always lived like a poor man." Michelangelo's bank accounts and numerous deeds of purchase show that his net worth was about 50,000 gold 7958: 1656:. While the Madonna is in profile, the easiest aspect for a shallow relief, the child displays a twisting motion that was to become characteristic of Michelangelo's work. The 2410:, perhaps created for the tomb of Pope Julius II but left unfinished. In this group, the youthful victor overcomes an older hooded figure, with the features of Michelangelo. 1387: 1058:

During the same period, Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which took approximately four years to complete (1508–1512). According to Condivi's account,

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lowering the body of Jesus from the cross into the arms of Mary his mother and Mary Magdalene. Michelangelo smashed the left arm and leg of the figure of Jesus. His pupil

2257: 1094:, divided into three groups: God's creation of the earth; God's creation of humankind and their fall from God's grace; and lastly, the state of humanity as represented by 1636: 1221:. It was left to assistants to interpret his plans and carry out construction. The library was not opened until 1571, and the vestibule remained incomplete until 1904. 7848: 7843: 660:

studies of the corpses from the church's hospital. This was the first of several instances during his career that Michelangelo studied anatomy by dissecting cadavers.

596:, a Humanist academy founded by the Medici. There, his work and outlook were influenced by many of the most prominent philosophers and writers of the day, including 4217:(in French). Véronique Goarin, Catherine Scheck, Musée du Louvre. Département des arts graphiques, Musée d'Orsay. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux. p. 253. 379:

Michelangelo was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive. Three biographies were published during his lifetime. One of them, by

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is the broadest in style and was painted in a single day. As the model for the Creator, Michelangelo has depicted himself in the action of painting the ceiling.

3596: 6280: 2624:, its rippling cornice and its upward-launching pointed dome. The dome of St. Peter's was to influence the building of churches for many centuries, including 7898: 1385:, these two works are complex compositions containing a great number of figures. They were completed in 1550. In the same year, Giorgio Vasari published his 944:

and hangs in the Uffizi Gallery in its original magnificent frame, which Michelangelo may have designed. He also may have painted the Madonna and Child with

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Michelangelo had the opportunity to depict, on an unprecedented scale, figures in the action of either rising heavenward or falling and being dragged down.

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repaired the arm and drilled a hole in which to fix a replacement leg which was not subsequently attached. He also worked on the figure of Mary Magdalene.

1829:, now in the Louvre, that the sculptor brought to an almost finished state. These two works were to have a profound influence on later sculpture, through 1693:

is accentuated in the painting. The painting heralds the forms, movement and colour that Michelangelo was to employ on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

6290: 1951:, set in an architectonic frame. On the pendentives, Michelangelo replaced the proposed Apostles with Prophets and Sibyls who heralded the coming of the 706:. Towards the end of 1495, the political situation in Florence was calmer; the city, previously under threat from the French, was no longer in danger as 620:(1491–1492), the latter based on a theme suggested by Poliziano and commissioned by Lorenzo de' Medici. Michelangelo worked for a time with the sculptor 4388: 1154:

and to adorn it with sculptures. He spent three years creating drawings and models for the façade, as well as attempting to open a new marble quarry at

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or the Torments of Hell. The relief treatment, in which some of the figures are boldly projecting, may indicate Michelangelo's familiarity with Roman

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Erin Sutherland Minter, "Discarded deity: The rejection of Michelangelo's Bacchus and the artist's response", Renaissance Studies 28, no. 3 (2013)

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holds a drooping flayed skin, bearing the likeness of Michelangelo. The dead rise from their graves, to be consigned either to Heaven or to Hell.

376:. Michelangelo transformed the plan so that the Western end was finished to his design, as was the dome, with some modification, after his death. 667:, which was sent to France and subsequently disappeared sometime in the 18th century. On 20 January 1494, after heavy snowfalls, Lorenzo's heir, 4641:

Vittoria Colonna, Sonnets for Michelangelo. A Bilingual Edition edited and translated by Abigail Brundin, The University of Chicago Press 2005.

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Francesco da Urbino. He showed no interest in his schooling, preferring to copy paintings from churches and seek the company of other painters.

7888: 1699: 4184:. Stephanie Buck, Tatiana Bissolati, Courtauld Institute Galleries. London: Courtauld Gallery in association with Paul Holberton. p. 81. 742:. Upon completion, the work was rejected by the cardinal, and subsequently entered the collection of the banker Jacopo Galli, for his garden. 6579: 5809: 2483: 558:. The interiors of the older churches were covered with frescos (mostly in Late Medieval, but also in the Early Renaissance style), begun by 383:, proposed that Michelangelo's work transcended that of any artist living or dead, and was "supreme in not one art alone but in all three." 7326: 1969:

Michelangelo began painting with the later episodes in the narrative, the pictures including locational details and groups of figures, the

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and his family. On the pendentives supporting the ceiling are painted twelve men and women who prophesied the coming of Jesus, seven

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The composition stretches over 500 square metres of ceiling and contains over 300 figures. At its centre are nine episodes from the

7853: 7284: 1087:. The work is part of a larger scheme of decoration within the chapel that represents much of the doctrine of the Catholic Church. 2522: 1174:

and his brother Giuliano, who are buried nearby. The tombs display statues of the two Medici and allegorical figures representing

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During Michelangelo's childhood, a team of painters had been called from Florence to the Vatican to decorate the walls of the

7923: 6586: 6014: 5837: 5819: 5772: 5728: 5684: 5655: 5604: 5551: 5526: 5508: 5487: 5430: 5361: 5321: 4536: 4501: 4189: 3805: 3778: 3736: 3696: 3127: 3107: 3083: 2935: 2226: 2134: 1371: 616: 4439: 2608:. The unfinished giants for the tomb of Pope Julius II had profound effect on late-19th- and 20th-century sculptors such as 2538: 2055:. In the process of painting the ceiling, Michelangelo made studies for different figures, of which some, such as that for 1887: 1450:

Michelangelo was a devout Catholic whose faith deepened at the end of his life. Along with Raphael, he was enrolled in the

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The Sistine Chapel ceiling was a work of unprecedented grandeur, both for its architectonic forms, to be imitated by many

6851: 1592: 806:. Michelangelo was asked by the consuls of the Guild of Wool to complete an unfinished project begun 40 years earlier by 451:. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess 5531: 4304: 2560: 1615:

In a letter from late 1542, Michelangelo blamed the tensions between Julius II and him on the envy of Bramante and

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Although Michelangelo worked on the tomb for 40 years, it was never finished to his satisfaction. It is located in the

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Artists who were directly influenced by Michelangelo include Raphael, whose monumental treatment of the figure in the

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Michelangelo died in Rome on 18 February 1564, at the age of 88. His body was taken from Rome for interment at the

2264: 1513:. About sixty are addressed to men — "the first significant modern corpus of love poetry from one man to another". 1333: 1266: 1241: 999: 919: 356: 166: 4882: 2099: 1297:, an apprentice of Michelangelo, was commissioned to make the alterations. An uncensored copy of the original, by 892:, Michelangelo may have been involved in creating the sculptural profile on Palazzo Vecchio's façade known as the 7973: 7948: 7913: 7516: 7405: 7340: 7084: 6536: 5033: 2427: 1784:

in the church dedicated to that saint in Bologna. Several other artists had worked on the scheme, beginning with

1580:. Some of the objects of Michelangelo's affections, and subjects of his poetry, took advantage of him: the model 1150:. Pope Leo then had Michelangelo stop working on the tomb, and commissioned him to reconstruct the façade of the 369: 5011: 4462: 1328:, in which he transformed the vaulted interior of an Ancient Roman bathhouse. Other architectural works include 7953: 7943: 7863: 6938: 6045: 5247: 5154: 3394: 2059:

have survived, demonstrating the care taken by Michelangelo in details such as the hands and feet. The Prophet

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Peter Barenboim, "Michelangelo Drawings – Key to the Medici Chapel Interpretation", Moscow, Letny Sad, 2006,

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The nature of the poetry has been a source of discomfort to later generations. Michelangelo's grandnephew,

1250: 1163: 656:(1493), as a gift to the prior of the Florentine church of Santo Spirito, which had allowed him to do some 585:, de facto ruler of Florence, asked Ghirlandaio for his two best pupils, Ghirlandaio sent Michelangelo and 5906: 5214: 2159: 2084: 2037: 880:, was called together to decide upon its placement, ultimately the Piazza della Signoria, in front of the 628:, struck him on the nose, causing the disfigurement that is conspicuous in the portraits of Michelangelo. 323:. Michelangelo's creative abilities and mastery in a range of artistic arenas define him as an archetypal 7908: 7528: 6846: 6676: 6543: 2871: 2789: 2673:

arrangements, or sublime subjects, for this work contains every perfection possible under those headings.

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is an early work, one of several that Michelangelo created as part of a large decorative scheme for the

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scholarship and the arts, had its first flowering in Florence. In the early 15th century, the architect

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is one of the best known and most reproduced works in the history of art. The final panel, showing the

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Michelangelo worked on a number of architectural projects at this time. They included a design for the

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ceiling painters, and also for the wealth of its inventiveness in the study of figures. Vasari wrote:

2005: 1423: 542:, which Michelangelo was to describe as "The Gates of Paradise". The exterior niches of the Church of 7196: 6931: 3075:

Michelangelo in the New Millennium: Conversations about Artistic Practice, Patronage and Christianity

2632:, London, as well as the civic domes of many public buildings and the state capitals across America. 2139: 893: 5072: 2114: 7391: 5263: 1543: 1451: 1281:

Once completed, the depiction of Christ and the Virgin Mary naked was considered sacrilegious, and

463:, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. There he gained his love for marble. As 4619:

The Age of Beloveds: Love and the Beloved in Early-Modern Ottoman and European Culture and Society

1264:

Shortly before his death in 1534, Pope Clement VII commissioned Michelangelo to paint a fresco of

778: 7893: 7270: 7177: 6904: 6665: 6021: 2804: 2684: 2370:

Michelangelo's design for St Peter's is both massive and contained, with the corners between the

1991: 1653: 1395: 1171: 1063: 652: 531: 373: 7141: 6102: 3759:

Osborne, Harold; Brigstocke, Hugh (2003). "Michelangelo Buonarroti". In Brigstocke, Hugh (ed.).

1789: 1666:, a symbol of the Crucifixion. The lively form of the child was later adapted by Raphael in the 1289:'s ambassador) campaigned to have the fresco removed or censored, but the Pope resisted. At the 751: 641: 636: 336: 136: 7731: 7423: 7412: 7183: 7148: 7054: 6670: 6495: 6189: 6134: 6087: 3966: 3435: 2629: 2576:

Michelangelo, with Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael, is one of the three giants of the Florentine

1930: 1877: 1826: 1798: 1717: 1596: 1516:

The longest sequence, displaying deep loving feeling, was written to the young Roman patrician

1428: 1359: 1076: 1041: 988: 967: 761: 738: 707: 703: 351: 151: 39: 4989:

Michelangelo.: V, The Final Period: Last Judgment. Frescoes of the Pauline Chapel. Last Pietas

4988: 3521:

Luba Freedman, "Michelangelo's Reflections on Bacchus", Artibus et Historiae 24, no. 47 (2003)

2486:, Duke of Tuscany, who had also organized a state funeral to honour Michelangelo in Florence. 671:, commissioned a statue made of snow, and Michelangelo again entered the court of the Medici. 7828: 7079: 7009: 6899: 6803: 6783: 6733: 6359: 6334: 6248: 6007: 5919: 5743: 5701: 5123:. New Haven: Yale University Press in association with the Detroit Institute of Arts. p. 96. 5119: 4965: 4942: 4667: 4569:. Vol. IX. Translated by Gaston du C. De Vere. London: Medici Society. pp. 105–106. 3385: 2569: 2406: 1707: 1648: 1517: 1439: 1106:, prophetic women of the Classical world. Among the most famous paintings on the ceiling are 1009: 695: 610: 582: 551: 527: 487: 5569: 4564: 3427: 3074: 2208:, Michelangelo has used the various groups of figures to convey a complex narrative. In the 663:

Between 1493 and 1494, he bought a block of marble, and carved a larger-than-life statue of

365: 7838: 7833: 7710: 7660: 7466: 7155: 7044: 6515: 6297: 6199: 6120: 6059: 6039: 5176: 3770: 3728: 3688: 2249: 2186: 2178: 2027: 1975: 1860: 1781: 1776: 1529: 1302: 1218: 1176: 1107: 1013: 928: 853: 824: 792: 783: 773: 717: 691: 687: 621: 601: 578: 523: 504: 422: 342: 312: 158: 144: 74: 70: 4662:; Becherucci, Luisa; Marabottini, Alessandro; Tempesti, Anna Forlani; Marchini, Giuseppe; 2213:

foreground, Michelangelo walks out of the painting with an expression of disillusionment.

1527:), who was 23 years old when Michelangelo first met him in 1532, at the age of 57. In his 1293:, shortly before Michelangelo's death in 1564, it was decided to obscure the genitals and 1213:. In 1524, Michelangelo received an architectural commission from the Medici pope for the 787:, completed by Michelangelo in 1504, is one of the most renowned works of the Renaissance. 8: 7978: 7761: 7715: 7398: 7109: 6778: 6318: 6311: 4312: 2875: 2733: 2390:

of pilasters supporting a continuous cornice. Four small cupolas cluster around the dome.

2319: 1935:

The Sistine Chapel ceiling was painted between 1508 and 1512. The ceiling is a flattened

1668: 1573: 1294: 1225: 1194: 1188: 1170:, and Lorenzo, his nephew. It also serves to commemorate their more famous predecessors, 1084: 857: 796: 539: 519: 316: 45: 6655: 6373: 5456: 2182: 907:

came another commission. In early 1504 Leonardo da Vinci had been commissioned to paint

7812: 7773: 7074: 7029: 7014: 6891: 6650: 6630: 6429: 6304: 6255: 6179: 5644: 5477: 5237: 5209: 4251: 3919:"Michelangelo as the Creator. The self-portrait of the Buonarroti Archive, XIII, 111 r" 3597:"Avant Banksy et Invader, Michel-Ange pionnier du street art dans les rues de Florence" 3428: 2879: 2781: 2708: 2581: 2335: 2304: 1620: 1214: 1182: 950: 914: 877: 865: 819: 807: 586: 526:, having studied the remains of Classical buildings in Rome, had created two churches, 452: 448: 361: 6381: 2653:

in Sant'Agostino closely imitates the older master's prophets. Other artists, such as

2546: 2450: 2310:

In 1546 Michelangelo produced the highly complex ovoid design for the pavement of the

1354: 674:

In the same year, the Medici were expelled from Florence as the result of the rise of

7700: 6993: 6127: 5866: 5833: 5815: 5768: 5724: 5705: 5680: 5651: 5625: 5600: 5547: 5522: 5504: 5483: 5444: 5426: 5411: 5396: 5357: 5317: 5243: 5150: 5143: 5124: 5101: 5016: 4993: 4970: 4947: 4750: 4642: 4622: 4542: 4532: 4507: 4497: 4437:"Michelangelo's Mountain; The Quest for Perfection in the Marble Quarries of Carrara" 4228: 4218: 4195: 4185: 4120: 3990: 3974: 3860: 3801: 3774: 3732: 3692: 3390: 3123: 3103: 3079: 3037: 3010: 2961: 2931: 2244: 1742: 1674: 1399: 1275: 833: 625: 328: 5830:

Michelangelo, God's Architect: The Story of His Final Years and Greatest Masterpiece

3717:

Campbell, Gordon, ed. (2005). "Michelangelo Buonarroti or Michelagnolo Buonarroti".

2985: 2146:

reliefs from the collection of Lorenzo Medici, and similar marble panels created by

1843:

is one of the later figures for Pope Julius' tomb. The works, known collectively as

888:

while a replica occupies its place in the square. In the same period of placing the

7633: 7572: 7227: 7089: 7024: 6954: 6813: 6788: 6570: 6262: 6206: 5875: 5332: 5181: 4663: 3766: 3724: 3684: 2767: 2637: 2577: 2442: 2296: 1821: 1604: 1298: 1290: 1254: 1210: 1166:, which houses the large tombs of two of the younger members of the Medici family, 1018: 1016:, completed in 1516. Of the other statues intended for the tomb, two, known as the 955: 945: 873: 845: 567: 535: 401: 308: 248: 230: 184: 4335: 1943:

that rise from between the windows of the chapel. The commission, as envisaged by

934:

Also during this period, Michelangelo was commissioned by Angelo Doni to paint a "

425:, known today as Caprese Michelangelo, a small town situated in Valtiberina, near 7800: 7726: 7721: 7705: 7695: 7069: 7049: 7034: 6968: 6834: 6798: 6793: 6660: 6626: 6241: 5695: 5498: 5351: 5347: 4443: 4436: 3795: 2728: 2721: 2701: 2355: 2190: 2151: 1948: 1585: 1467: 1438:

Speculation exists that this may be a drawing by Michelangelo that might portray

1321: 1317: 1313: 1236: 1143: 1091: 1067: 881: 869: 861: 841: 837: 730: 678:. Michelangelo left the city before the end of the political upheaval, moving to 597: 324: 4154: 2448:

The last sculpture that Michelangelo worked on (six days before his death), the

1466:

Michelangelo was abstemious in his personal life, and once told his apprentice,

1434: 7747: 7319: 7294: 7242: 7059: 7019: 6808: 6483: 6325: 5999: 5862: 5794: 5694:

Ryan, Chris (2000). "Poems for Tommaso Cavalieri, Poems for Vittoria Colonna".

5672: 4853: 4560: 4401: 2904:

indicates that Michelangelo tried to pass the statue off as an antique himself.

2863: 2565: 2471: 2342:

features which challenge the Classical order of Brunelleschi's adjacent church.

2315: 1944: 1603:

Late in life, Michelangelo nurtured a friendship with the poet and noble widow

1581: 1534: 1206: 1115: 1051: 984: 977: 811: 803: 574: 555: 464: 380: 5857: 5339:. Harvard University: S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ltd.: London. 5285: 4546: 4511: 2834:

Michelangelo's father marks the date as 6 March 1474 in the Florentine manner

1819:

to suggest a particular human state, in this case waking from sleep. With the

538:

had laboured for fifty years to create the north and east bronze doors of the

392: 7822: 7665: 7586: 7579: 7565: 7189: 7104: 7064: 7039: 6341: 6227: 5596: 5564: 5560:. Constable and Company Ltd., London; reprinted by Legare Street Press, 2021. 4199: 3864: 2923: 2883: 2147: 1785: 1271: 1127: 1029: 7262: 4485:

Michelangelo, 1475–1564: The Complete Paintings, Sculptures and Architecture

4232: 1510: 7670: 7593: 7237: 6166: 5896:

The BP Special Exhibition Michelangelo Drawings – closer to the master

5758: 4526: 4483: 2897: 2753: 2423: 1958: 1936: 1725: 1658: 1475: 1282: 1111: 822:. Michelangelo responded by completing his most famous work, the statue of 543: 96: 4997: 4607:

Rictor Norton, "The Myth of the Modern Homosexual", p. 143. Cassell, 1997.

3849:"La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina" 2482:, and took over 14 years to complete. Marble for the tomb was supplied by 1788:

in the 13th century. In the late 15th century, the project was managed by

1619:, saying of the latter, "all he had in art, he got from me". According to 1577: 1418: 1046: 546:

contained a gallery of works by the most acclaimed sculptors of Florence:

209: 6234: 6220: 6213: 6159: 4659: 4463:"James M. Saslow on Sensuality and Spirituality in Michelangelo's Poetry" 3386:

Art and Anatomy in Renaissance Italy: Images from a Scientific Revolution

2621: 2613: 2404:

in which he apparently reflects upon mortality. They are heralded by the

2387: 2311: 2143: 1915: 1894: 1839: 1816: 1811: 1686: 1539: 1155: 1119: 1080: 1024: 935: 515: 320: 7358: 5558:

Michelangelo: A Record of His Life as Told in His Own Letters and Papers

4026:"Michelangelo's secret sketches under church in Florence open to public" 3138: 1261:, who was to become one of his closest friends until her death in 1547. 6443: 4467: 2809: 2697: 1940: 1760: 1681: 1576:

who died only a year later, inspiring Michelangelo to write 48 funeral

1139: 1071: 940: 829: 675: 657: 460: 438: 443: 433:. For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in 7163: 7099: 7094: 6973: 6681: 3918: 3677:

Chilvers, Ian, ed. (2009). "Michelangelo (Michelangelo Buonarroti)".

3575:"Una nuova possible attribuzione a Michelangelo. Il Volto Misterioso" 3409:

Anatomy: International Journal of Experimental & Clinical Anatomy

2886:

where it disappeared in 1713 when the Jardin d'Estange was destroyed.

2605: 2499: 2438: 2339: 2300: 1663: 1337: 605: 547: 397: 189: 3848: 3574: 2955: 2463:, fulfilling the maestro's last request to be buried in his beloved 7768: 6923: 6761: 5884: 5880: 5568: 4883:"Michelangelo in the Pauline Chapel, the artist's least known work" 2654: 2464: 2419: 2155: 2060: 1123: 1059: 995: 983:

In 1505 Michelangelo was invited back to Rome by the newly elected

938:" as a present for his wife, Maddalena Strozzi. It is known as the 795:

was changing after the fall of its leader, anti-Renaissance priest

664: 570:, both of whose works Michelangelo studied and copied in drawings. 563: 496: 481: 434: 334:

Michelangelo achieved fame early. Two of his best-known works, the

5120:

The Medici, Michelangelo, and the Art of Late Renaissance Florence

4658: 1316:

with its trapezoid piazza displaying the ancient bronze statue of

745:

In November 1497, the French ambassador to the Holy See, Cardinal

7741: 6983: 4493: 4489: 3407:

Zeybek, A.; Özkan, M. (August 2019). "Michelangelo and Anatomy".

3061: 2665: 2358:

included a complex spiralling pavement with a star at its centre.

1952: 1803: 1616: 1258: 1205:

Pope Leo X died in 1521 and was succeeded briefly by the austere

1133: 1099: 1054:; the work took approximately four years to complete (1508–1512). 756: 683: 500: 455:—a claim that remains unproven, but which Michelangelo believed. 430: 405: 235: 5543:

500 years of the New Sacristy: Michelangelo in the Medici Chapel

4621:. Duke University Press Books; Illustrated edition. p. 56. 4616: 2170:

they turn towards the approaching enemy and prepare for battle.

1584:

asked for money in response to a love-poem, and a second model,

307:), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the 7368: 6988: 6841:

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects

5911: 5622:

David by the Hand of Michelangelo—the Original Model Discovered

5145:

The Agony and the Ecstasy: A Biographical Novel of Michelangelo

4531:(in German). Berlin: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach. pp. 466–486. 2063:, contemplating the downfall of Jerusalem, is a self-portrait. 1899: 1834: 1306: 1286: 924: 897: 818:

as a symbol of Florentine freedom to be placed on the gable of

679: 559: 511: 426: 347: 7807: 5073:"Michelangelo's tomb: five fun facts you probably didn't know" 2775: 2193:, but was not usual in the frescos of Florentine painters. In 350:

in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the

263: 7303: 4566:

Lives of the most eminent painters, sculptors, and architects

2609: 2479: 1830: 1471: 1103: 913:

in the council chamber of the Palazzo Vecchio, depicting the

815: 2437:, Michelangelo again depicts himself, this time as the aged 5423:

Michelangelo: A Psychoanalytic Study of his Life and Images

3279:

Michelangelo: A Psychoanalytic Study of his Life and Images

2371: 1095: 284: 278: 257: 92: 275: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4279:"Are there any well-known or famous Secular Franciscans?" 1083:, the Promise of Salvation through the prophets, and the 917:

in 1440. Michelangelo was then commissioned to paint the

631: 491:(1490–1492), Michelangelo's earliest known work in marble 296: 269: 5096:

Ettlinger, Leopold David, and Helen S. Ettlinger. 1987.

3099:

Creating the "Divine Artist": from Dante to Michelangelo

1802:

was a commission with a specified subject, the youthful

1485:, a man who "withdrew himself from the company of men." 1270:

on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel. His successor,

231:[mikeˈlandʒelodilodoˈviːkoˌbwɔnarˈrɔːtisiˈmoːni] 4426:

Hughes, Anthony, "Michelangelo", p. 326. Phaidon, 1997.

4247:"Crucifixion by Michelangelo, a drawing in black chalk" 994:

The commission for the tomb forced the artist to leave

5346: 4943:

The Cornucopian Mind and the Baroque Unity of the Arts

4586: 3631: 3629: 3627: 1503:

translation of Michelangelo work by John Frederick Nim

534:, which embodied the Classical precepts. The sculptor 7959:

People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar

7784: 5496: 4446:, Simon and Schuster, 2005. Retrieved 27 January 2007 2470:

Michelangelo's heir Lionardo Buonarroti commissioned

2374:

arms of the Greek Cross filled by square projections.

1815:, Michelangelo again utilised the figure with marked 1035: 299: 290: 272: 260: 251: 5740:

The Poetry of Michelangelo: An Annotated Translation

5519:

Michelangelo in the Medici Chapel: Genius in Details

5408:

The Young Michelangelo: The Artist in Rome 1496–1501

4342:. Translated by Longfellow, H.W. Studio of the South 4050: 4048: 2743: 1563:

translation of Michelangelo work by Michael Sullivan

400:, a short-lived movement in Western art between the 281: 5311: 3624: 3139:

Unione Montana dei Comuni della Valtiberina Toscana

3056:Hughes, A., & Elam, C. (2003). "Michelangelo". 1553:

That burns me from afar and keeps itself ice-chill;

390:("the divine one"). His contemporaries admired his 293: 266: 254: 5643: 5455: 5142: 3912: 3910: 3800:(4th ed.). Courier Corporation . p. 55. 1138:In 1513, Pope Julius II died and was succeeded by 702:, the composition of which was to reappear on the 608:. At this time, Michelangelo sculpted the reliefs 7849:16th-century people from the Republic of Florence 7844:15th-century people from the Republic of Florence 5579:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 362–369. 5534:Michelangelo's Moment: The British Museum Madonna 5373:Michelangelo: Paintings, Sculptures, Architecture 5066: 5064: 4045: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3758: 3683:(4th ed.). Online: Oxford University Press. 2949: 2947: 2400:In his old age, Michelangelo created a number of 1394:In 1546, Michelangelo was appointed architect of 1343: 976:Michelangelo's second design for the monument of 7820: 6727:Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment 6708: 5521:(in English & Russian), LOOM, Moscow, 2011. 4361: 4359: 4357: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3663: 3661: 3659: 2268:, detail of the Redeemed (see whole image above) 1825:, it is one of two such earlier figures for the 1224:In 1527, Florentine citizens, encouraged by the 799:, who was executed in 1498, and the rise of the 5811:Michelangelo: The Artist, the Man and his Times 5425:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 4488:. Translated by Karen Williams (2nd ed.). 4460: 3907: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 2647:owes much to Michelangelo, and whose fresco of 1662:of 1502 shows the Christ Child frightened by a 1497:in that for a wise and virile lover's trouble. 1249:In Rome, Michelangelo lived near the church of 961: 791:Michelangelo returned to Florence in 1499. The 386:In his lifetime, Michelangelo was often called 327:, along with his rival and elder contemporary, 234:; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known 7478:The Fall and Expulsion from the Garden of Eden 5903:How to decide if a drawing is by Michelangelo. 5061: 4481: 3880: 2944: 1402:, "the greatest creation of the Renaissance". 1134:Florence under Medici popes, 1513 – early 1534 16:Italian artist, architect and poet (1475–1564) 7292: 7278: 6939: 5927: 5439:Paoletti, John T. and Radke, Gary M., (2005) 4354: 3705: 3656: 3469: 3467: 3353: 3351: 3264: 3262: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3212: 3210: 1480: 592:From 1490 to 1492, Michelangelo attended the 476: 7899:Burials at Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence 5615:Michelangelo: On and Off the Sistine Ceiling 5462:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 5379: 5370: 5202: 4117:The Renaissance, an Illustrated Encyclopedia 3765:(Online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3745: 3723:(Online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3328: 3326: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2896:Vasari makes no mention of this episode and 2314:and began designing an upper storey for the 1332:, the Sforza Chapel (Capella Sforza) in the 5697:The Poetry of Michelangelo: An Introduction 4927: 4925: 4749:, New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, (1977) 4617:Walter G. Andrews; Mehmet Kalpakli (2005). 4066: 4064: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3548: 3480: 3406: 3196: 3194: 3167: 3165: 3151: 3149: 3147: 2644:The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple 1610: 1488: 1253:. It was at this time that he met the poet 1012:in Rome and is most famous for the central 7656:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes 7285: 7271: 6946: 6932: 6868:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes 5934: 5920: 5721:Michelangelo: Sculptor, Painter, Architect 5666:The Sistine Chapel: A Glorious Restoration 5406:Hirst, Michael and Jill Dunkerton. (1994) 5169: 4992:Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. p. 154. 4849: 4847: 4482:Zöllner, Frank; Thoenes, Christof (2019). 4381:"Michelangelo more a prince than a pauper" 3797:The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry 3529: 3527: 3493: 3464: 3348: 3310: 3259: 3223: 3207: 2815:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes 2661:and the frescoes of the Cappella Paolina. 2200:In the two frescos of the Pauline Chapel, 2154:, and with the figurative compositions on 1637:Michelangelo Buonarroti catalogue raisonné 1557:Which without motion moves every balance. 1555:A strength I feel two shapely arms to fill 1209:, and then by his cousin Giulio Medici as 1198:. The chapel also contains Michelangelo's 223:Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 64:Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 38: 7455:The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 6509:The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 5497:Baldini, Umberto; Liberto Perugi (1982). 5410:. London: National Gallery Publications, 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4524: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4212: 4023: 3916: 3846: 3572: 3364: 3323: 3271: 2974: 2953: 1924: 1391:, including a biography of Michelangelo. 495:As a young boy, Michelangelo was sent to 421:Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in 5752:Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel Ceiling 5587:. Trans. Ronald Taylor. London: Methuen. 5517:Barenboim, Peter (with Shiyan, Sergey). 5475: 5312:Bartz, Gabriele; Eberhard König (1998). 5070: 4922: 4061: 3969:Michelangelo: Mysteries of Medici Chapel 3937:Michelangelo: a Life in Six Masterpieces 3814: 3720:The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance 3716: 3680:The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists 3676: 3459:Michelangelo: a Life in Six Masterpieces 3425: 3191: 3162: 3144: 2882:installed it in the Jardin d'Estange at 2559: 1957: 1551:I feel as lit by fire a cold countenance 1433: 1417: 1353: 1235: 1050:Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the 1045: 971: 777: 635: 624:. When he was seventeen, another pupil, 480: 416: 5807: 5671: 5590: 5541:Barenboim, Peter (with Heath, Arthur). 5532:Barenboim, Peter (with Heath, Arthur). 5420: 5391:; Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. Mamiya, 5356:. Pennsylvania State University Press. 5330: 4844: 4705: 4703: 4580: 4411: 3653:Hirst and Dunkerton, pp. 83–105, 336–46 3524: 3002: 2354:Michelangelo's redesign of the ancient 1881:by Michelangelo, early work (1496–1497) 1350:St Peter's Basilica § Architecture 315:, his work was inspired by models from 7821: 6687:Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri 5901:Michelangelo's Drawings: Real or Fake? 5737: 5563: 5453: 5235: 4777: 4559: 4449: 3095: 3029: 2127: 767: 632:Bologna, Florence, and Rome, 1492–1499 7889:Architects of Roman Catholic churches 7448:The Separation of Light from Darkness 7266: 6927: 6707: 6608: 6403: 5974: 5915: 5757: 5641: 5239:Variety Television Reviews, 1991–1992 5140: 5100:. Oxford: Phaidon. pp. 91, 102, 122. 4024:Giuffrida, Angela (31 October 2023). 3793: 3389:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 15. 2922: 2677: 2478:, a monumental project that cost 770 1864:by Michelangelo, early work (1494–95) 1495:Love for a lady's different. Not much 1320:. He designed the upper floor of the 1062:, who was working on the building of 725:, for whom Michelangelo had sculpted 360:on its altar wall. His design of the 229: 6953: 6291:Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours 5907:"Michelangelo: The Man and the Myth" 5784:Michelangelo and the Language of Art 5718: 5693: 5071:Grossoni, Donata (12 October 2017). 4700: 4179: 4082: 3771:10.1093/acref/9780198662037.001.0001 3729:10.1093/acref/9780198601753.001.0001 3689:10.1093/acref/9780199532940.001.0001 3430:The World of Michelangelo: 1475–1564 2657:, drew on the writhing forms of the 1641: 7341:The Punishment of the Sons of Korah 5804:. 5 vols. New York: Pantheon Books. 5802:The Art and Thought of Michelangelo 5791:The Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti 5664:Pietrangeli, Carlo, et al. (1994). 4917:An Outline of European Architecture 4378: 3840: 3762:The Oxford Companion to Western Art 3544:Lives of the painters: Michelangelo 1593:Michelangelo Buonarroti the Younger 1152:Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence 723:Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici 13: 7964:People from the Province of Arezzo 5793:, John C. Nimmo; reprinted by The 5468: 5117:Acidini Luchinat, Cristina. 2002. 4858:Lives of the Artists: Michelangelo 4461:Jeffrey Fraiman (5 January 2018). 4391:from the original on 14 June 2023. 4155:"Michelangelo 'last sketch' found" 4144:Banister Fletcher, 17th ed. p. 719 3434:. et al. Time-Life Books. p. 3122:Art and Illusion, E. H. Gombrich, 3030:Vasari, Giorgio (14 August 2008). 2890: 2856: 2846: 2828: 2177:it is said that Michelangelo drew 1461: 1410:of the cupola drum of St Peter's. 1324:and the interior of the Church of 1231: 1036:Sistine Chapel ceiling, 1508 –1512 514:and their banking associates. The 14: 7990: 7934:Italian ecclesiastical architects 6502:Separation of Light from Darkness 5851: 2930:(3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. 2516:(1534), Palazzo Vecchio, Florence 2053:Separation of Light from Darkness 1982:Separation of Light from Darkness 915:battle between Florence and Milan 645:, St Peter's Basilica (1498–1499) 368:. At the age of 71, he succeeded 7884:16th-century Italian LGBT people 7806: 7794: 7767: 7755: 7461:The Separation of Land and Water 7357: 6874:The Titan: Story of Michelangelo 6609: 5941: 5888: 5858:The Digital Michelangelo Project 5789:Symonds, John Addington (1893). 5479:The Architecture of Michelangelo 5278: 5256: 5229: 5196: 5163: 5134: 5111: 5090: 5052: 5026: 5003: 4980: 4957: 4934: 4909: 4900: 4875: 4862: 4835: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4768: 4759: 4739: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4691: 4682: 3967:Peter Barenboim, Sergey Shiyan, 3060:. Retrieved 14 April 2018, from 3003:Symonds, John (9 January 2019). 2928:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 2838:. However, in the Roman manner, 2774: 2760: 2746: 2537: 2521: 2506: 2491: 2386:The exterior is surrounded by a 2379: 2363: 2347: 2327: 2273: 2256: 2235: 2218: 2113: 2098: 2083: 2068: 2036: 2019: 2004: 1990: 1907: 1886: 1869: 1852: 1751: 1734: 1716: 1698: 1413: 1334:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore 247: 208: 7854:16th-century Italian architects 7085:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 5482:. University of Chicago Press. 4652: 4635: 4610: 4601: 4573: 4553: 4518: 4475: 4429: 4420: 4395: 4372: 4328: 4297: 4271: 4239: 4215:Michel-Ange, élèves et copistes 4206: 4173: 4147: 4138: 4129: 4109: 4100: 4091: 4073: 4054:A. Condivi (ed. Hellmut Wohl), 4036: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3983: 3960: 3951: 3942: 3929: 3898: 3871: 3787: 3670: 3647: 3638: 3615: 3589: 3566: 3557: 3536: 3515: 3506: 3451: 3442: 3419: 3400: 3377: 3339: 3297: 3284: 3250: 3237: 3178: 3141:, www.cm-valtiberina.toscana.it 3132: 2564:Tomb of Michelangelo (1578) by 2498:Self-portrait of the artist as 2428:Basilica of Santa Maria Novella 2289: 1939:supported on twelve triangular 1010:Church of San Pietro in Vincoli 876:and Michelangelo's dear friend 370:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 319:and had a lasting influence on 7919:Italian Renaissance architects 7879:16th-century Italian sculptors 7874:15th-century Italian sculptors 6580:The Crucifixion of Saint Peter 5975: 5872:Works by or about Michelangelo 5832:. Princeton University Press, 5814:. Cambridge University Press. 5750:Seymour, Charles, Jr. (1972). 5393:Gardner's Art through the Ages 5242:. Taylor & Francis, 1994. 4792:Paoletti and Radke, pp. 402–03 4718:Hirst and Dunkerton, pp. 20–21 4496:. pp. 381, 384, 387–390. 4406:Scritti d'arte del cinquecento 4305:"Michelangelo, Selected Poems" 4283:Secular Franciscan Order - USA 3621:Paoletti and Radke, pp. 392–93 3554:Paoletti and Radke, pp. 387–89 3116: 3089: 3066: 3050: 3023: 2996: 2916: 2891: 2857: 2847: 2829: 2395: 1769: 1588:, shamelessly stole from him. 1344:St Peter's Basilica, 1546–1564 1148:Francesco Maria I della Rovere 987:and commissioned to build the 749:, commissioned him to carve a 694:around the main portal of the 1: 7929:Italian Renaissance sculptors 7869:16th-century Italian painters 7859:15th-century Italian painters 7168: 7131: 6404: 5987: 5786:. Princeton University Press. 5638:. New York: Harper & Row. 5617:. New York: George Braziller. 5500:The Sculpture of Michelangelo 5380:Goldscheider, Ludwig (1953). 5371:Goldscheider, Ludwig (1953). 4079:Bartz and König, pp. 102, 109 3603:(in French). 22 November 2020 3533:Hirst and Dunkerton pp. 47–55 2909: 2795:Italian Renaissance sculpture 2604:make them the heralds of the 2132:Michelangelo's relief of the 1633:List of works by Michelangelo 1521: 352:ceiling of the Sistine Chapel 49: 21:Michelangelo (disambiguation) 7924:Italian Renaissance painters 7392:The Vocation of the Apostles 7348:Testament and Death of Moses 7334:The Descent from Mount Sinai 6741:Studies for the Libyan Sibyl 6709:Works on paper, milieu, etc. 6423:The Torment of Saint Anthony 5828:Wallace, William E. (2019). 5808:Wallace, William E. (2011). 5800:Tolnay, Charles de. (1964). 5395:. Thomson Wadsworth, (2004) 5170:Ken Tucker (15 March 1991). 4674:. New York: Reynal and Co., 4672:The Complete Work of Raphael 4408:, Milan, 1971; vol. I p. 10. 3096:Emison, Patricia. A (2004). 2957:Michelangelo: l'architettura 2820: 2800:Italian Renaissance painting 2282:The Crucifixion of St. Peter 2202:The Crucifixion of St. Peter 962:Tomb of Julius II, 1505–1545 7: 7327:The Crossing of the Red Sea 6847:Michelangelo and the Medici 6677:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini 5887:(public domain audiobooks) 5723:. Editions Pierre Terrail. 5668:. New York: Harry N. Abrams 5613:Gilbert, Creighton (1994). 5593:Michelangelo: His Epic Life 5583:Einem, Herbert von (1973). 5205:"A Season of Giants (1991)" 5172:"A Season of Giants (1991)" 5015:. Firenze: Giunti. p. 117. 4963:Di Cagno, Gabriella. 2008. 4946:. Penn State Press. p. 28. 4940:Maiorino, Giancarlo, 1990. 4887:Italian Renaissance Art.com 4670:; Golzio, Vincenzo (1969). 4097:Goldscheider, pp. 8, 21, 22 4070:Bartz and König, pp. 100–02 3917:Marinazzo, Adriano (2022). 3847:Marinazzo, Adriano (2018). 3644:Hirst and Dunkerton, p. 127 3573:Marinazzo, Adriano (2020). 3383:Laurenzo, Domenico (2012). 3247:, Becocci Firenze, pp. 3–10 3036:. Oxford University Press. 2954:Marinazzo, Adriano (2022). 2790:Michelangelo and the Medici 2739: 1796:is dynamic. Michelangelo's 1365:While still working on the 1330:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini 903:With the completion of the 10: 7995: 7651:Art patronage of Julius II 7233:Johann Joachim Winckelmann 7223:Art patronage of Julius II 6830:Art patronage of Julius II 6755:Pietà for Vittoria Colonna 5846:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5844:Michelangelo: Six Lectures 5556:Carden, Robert W. (1913). 5350:; Alice Sedgewick (1553). 5304: 5288:(in Russian). kinopoisk.ru 4986:Tolnay, Charles de. 1960. 4736:Bartz and König, pp. 62–63 4727:Bartz and König, pp. 26–27 4676:William Morrow and Company 3216:Coughlan, Robert; (1978), 1963:The Sistine Chapel Ceiling 1928: 1630: 1572:In 1542, Michelangelo met 1378:Crucifixion of Saint Peter 1347: 1039: 965: 771: 755:, a sculpture showing the 747:Jean de Bilhères-Lagraulas 477:Apprenticeships, 1488–1492 447:or local administrator of 18: 7687: 7677:The Agony and the Ecstasy 7643: 7625: 7607: 7557: 7501: 7437: 7422: 7385:The Temptations of Christ 7366: 7355: 7301: 7215: 7118: 7002: 6961: 6882:The Agony and the Ecstasy 6822: 6771: 6718: 6714: 6703: 6643: 6619: 6615: 6604: 6569: 6482: 6461: 6414: 6410: 6399: 6351: 6281:Christ Carrying the Cross 6272: 6188: 6112: 6071: 6031: 5985: 5981: 5970: 5949: 5764:The Agony and the Ecstasy 5738:Saslow, James M. (1991). 5620:Hartt, Frederick (1987). 5458:The Youth of Michelangelo 5331:Clément, Charles (1892). 4870:The Youth of Michelangelo 4830:The Youth of Michelangelo 4525:Bredekamp, Horst (2021). 3501:The Youth of Michelangelo 3475:The Youth of Michelangelo 3426:Coughlan, Robert (1966). 3359:The Youth of Michelangelo 3318:The Youth of Michelangelo 3243:Giovanni Fanelli, (1980) 3218:The World of Michelangelo 3157:The Youth of Michelangelo 3078:. Boston: Brill. p. vii. 3046:– via Google Books. 3019:– via Google Books. 2693:The Agony and the Ecstasy 2555: 2530:Pietà of Vittoria Colonna 2415:Pietà of Vittoria Colonna 2140:Massacre of the Innocents 2044:The First Day of Creation 1168:Giuliano, Duke of Nemours 894:Importuno di Michelangelo 698:, including the panel of 216: 207: 202: 198: 177: 126: 103: 81: 59: 37: 30: 7406:The Delivery of the Keys 6748:The Punishment of Tityus 5842:Wilde, Johannes (1978). 5754:. New York: W.W. Norton. 5742:. New Haven and London: 5634:Hibbard, Howard (1974). 5591:Gayford, Martin (2013). 5476:Ackerman, James (1986). 5454:Tolnay, Charles (1947). 5441:Art in Renaissance Italy 5421:Liebert, Robert (1983). 5353:The Life of Michelangelo 5264:"Michelangelo – Endless" 5207:. Movies & TV Dept. 5009:Crispina, Enrica. 2001. 4367:The Life of Michelangelo 4213:Joannides, Paul (2003). 4180:Buck, Stephanie (2010). 4058:, p. 103, Phaidon, 1976. 4056:The Life of Michelangelo 3488:The Life of Michelangelo 3372:The Life of Michelangelo 3334:The Life of Michelangelo 3202:The Life of Michelangelo 3186:The Life of Michelangelo 3072:Smithers, Tamara. 2016. 3033:The Lives of the Artists 3006:The Life of Michelangelo 2474:to design and build the 1833:who studied them at the 1626: 1611:Feuds with other artists 1489:Relationships and poetry 1452:Secular Franciscan Order 1445: 1427:fresco from 1509 on the 1372:Conversion of Saint Paul 1326:Santa Maria degli Angeli 721:. According to Condivi, 696:Basilica of St Petronius 7939:Italian Roman Catholics 7762:Vatican City portal 7493:The Drunkenness of Noah 7399:The Sermon on the Mount 7313:Moses Leaving for Egypt 6905:Michelangelo quadrangle 6635:Basilica of San Lorenzo 5782:Summers, David (1981). 5576:Encyclopædia Britannica 4969:. Oliver Press. p. 58. 4336:"Michelangelo's Poetry" 4088:Goldscheider, pp. 19–20 3957:Goldscheider, pp. 17–18 3895:Goldscheider, pp. 12–14 3837:Bartz and König, p. 134 3667:Goldscheider, pp. 14–16 2991:Encyclopædia Britannica 2866:acquired the sculpture 2805:Michelangelo phenomenon 2626:Sant'Andrea della Valle 2461:Basilica of Santa Croce 2165:The composition of the 1998:The Drunkenness of Noah 1654:Desiderio da Settignano 1285:and Monsignor Sernini ( 1172:Lorenzo the Magnificent 1162:the composition of the 884:. It now stands in the 810:: a colossal statue of 411: 7974:Sculptors from Tuscany 7949:Italian LGBT sculptors 7914:Italian male sculptors 7774:Catholicism portal 7732:Bartolomeo della Gatta 7184:Sistine Chapel ceiling 7149:San Pietro in Montorio 7055:Bernardino delle Croci 6656:Piazza del Campidoglio 6587:The Conversion of Saul 6463:Salone dei Cinquecento 6135:Piccolomini Altarpiece 6015:Battle of the Centaurs 5719:Sala, Charles (1996). 5642:Néret, Gilles (2000). 5546:, LOOM, Moscow, 2019. 5382:Michelangelo: Drawings 5141:Stone, Irving (1961). 4697:Bartz and König, p. 22 4668:Castagnoli, Ferdinando 4106:Bartz and Kŏnig, p. 16 4014:Bartz and König, p. 87 3904:Bartz and König, p. 43 3794:Pater, Walter (1893). 3448:Bartz and König, p. 54 3220:, Time-Life; pp. 14–15 2717:Michelangelo - Endless 2675: 2573: 2299:, "... revealing 2227:Battle of the Centaurs 2206:The Conversion of Saul 2135:Battle of the Centaurs 1966: 1931:Sistine Chapel ceiling 1925:Sistine Chapel ceiling 1827:Tomb of Pope Julius II 1597:John Addington Symonds 1566: 1506: 1481: 1442: 1431: 1429:Sistine Chapel ceiling 1362: 1246: 1055: 1042:Sistine Chapel ceiling 980: 968:Tomb of Pope Julius II 927:and Michelangelo's by 910:The Battle of Anghiari 788: 704:Sistine Chapel ceiling 646: 617:Battle of the Centaurs 492: 474: 439:judicial administrator 366:Mannerist architecture 152:Sistine Chapel ceiling 7954:Painters from Tuscany 7944:Italian LGBT painters 7864:Italian male painters 7483:The Sacrifice of Noah 7378:The Baptism of Christ 7080:Sebastiano del Piombo 7010:Mariotto Albertinelli 6900:Michelangelo (crater) 6804:Sebastiano del Piombo 6784:Tommaso dei Cavalieri 6734:Male Back with a Flag 6249:The Genius of Victory 6008:Madonna of the Stairs 5881:Works by Michelangelo 5863:Works by Michelangelo 5797:, Random House, 1927. 5744:Yale University Press 5702:Bloomsbury Publishing 5537:, LOOM, Moscow, 2018. 5236:VV.AA. (March 1994). 5203:Hal Erickson (2014). 4688:Bartz and König, p. 8 3971:, SLOVO, Moscow, 2006 3415:(Supplement 2): S199. 2670: 2587:While Michelangelo's 2563: 2334:The vestibule of the 1961: 1708:Madonna of the Stairs 1649:Madonna of the Stairs 1548: 1518:Tommaso dei Cavalieri 1492: 1482:bizzarro e fantastico 1440:Tommaso dei Cavalieri 1437: 1421: 1357: 1251:Santa Maria di Loreto 1239: 1146:from Julius's nephew 1049: 975: 781: 688:Shrine of St. Dominic 639: 611:Madonna of the Stairs 552:Andrea del Verrocchio 488:Madonna of the Stairs 484: 469: 417:Early life, 1475–1488 7711:Domenico Ghirlandaio 7661:Sistine Chapel Choir 7467:The Creation of Adam 7178:St. Peter's Basilica 7045:Antonio da Correggio 6962:Principal proponents 6666:St. Peter's Basilica 6516:The Creation of Adam 6040:Arca di San Domenico 5779:Fictional biography. 5570:"Michelangelo" 5177:Entertainment Weekly 4765:Coughlan, pp. 166–67 4678:. pp. 587, 610. 4442:30 June 2009 at the 4340:Michelangelo Gallery 4182:Michelangelo's Dream 4042:Coughlan, pp. 159–61 4005:Coughlan, pp. 151–52 3948:Coughlan, pp. 135–36 2902:Life of Michelangelo 2732:(2019), directed by 2696:(1965), directed by 2685:Vita di Michelangelo 2476:Tomb of Michelangelo 2303:in its most sublime 2250:Bastiano da Sangallo 2210:Crucifixion of Peter 2106:The Prophet Jeremiah 2028:The Creation of Adam 1976:The Creation of Adam 1782:Arca di San Domenico 1530:Lives of the Artists 1396:St. Peter's Basilica 1219:Baroque architecture 1108:The Creation of Adam 1102:of Israel, and five 1064:St. Peter's Basilica 929:Bastiano da Sangallo 854:Giuliano da Sangallo 774:David (Michelangelo) 727:St. John the Baptist 713:St. John the Baptist 692:Jacopo della Quercia 622:Bertoldo di Giovanni 602:Pico della Mirandola 579:Domenico Ghirlandaio 524:Filippo Brunelleschi 374:St. Peter's Basilica 372:as the architect of 313:Republic of Florence 75:Republic of Florence 19:For other uses, see 7969:Renaissance artists 7473:The Creation of Eve 7110:Antonio Vassilacchi 6779:Cecchino dei Bracci 6273:Florence, 1516–1534 6113:Florence, 1501–1505 5704:. pp. 94–154. 4313:Columbia University 4135:Gardner, pp. 480–81 3635:Goldscheider, p. 11 3563:Goldscheider, p. 10 3268:Coughlan, pp. 28–32 3234:Coughlan, pp. 35–40 2734:Andrei Konchalovsky 2630:St Paul's Cathedral 2484:Cosimo I de' Medici 2320:Giacomo della Porta 2128:Figure compositions 1971:Drunkenness of Noah 1669:Bridgewater Madonna 1574:Cecchino dei Bracci 1546:to the fair youth: 1360:St Peter's Basilica 1295:Daniele da Volterra 1085:genealogy of Christ 858:Andrea della Robbia 797:Girolamo Savonarola 768:Florence, 1499–1505 762:St Peter's Basilica 700:The Creation of Eve 317:classical antiquity 46:Daniele da Volterra 7909:Catholic sculptors 7320:The Youth of Moses 7075:Baldassare Peruzzi 7030:Moretto da Brescia 7015:Pellegrino Aretusi 6893:A Season of Giants 6876:(1950 documentary) 6651:Capitoline Museums 6631:Laurentian Library 6430:Manchester Madonna 6180:Rothschild Bronzes 6032:Bologna, 1494–1495 5286:"Il Peccato, 2019" 5210:The New York Times 5040:. 22 February 1999 4915:Nikolaus Pevsner, 4841:Goldscheider, p. 8 4745:Yvon Taillandier, 4709:Goldscheider, p. 9 4379:Shirbon, Estelle. 4259:on 15 October 2015 4252:The British Museum 3256:H. Gardner, p. 408 2878:in 1529. In 1594, 2782:Visual arts portal 2709:A Season of Giants 2678:In popular culture 2582:Francesco Granacci 2574: 2336:Laurentian Library 2305:architectural form 1967: 1621:Gian Paolo Lomazzo 1443: 1432: 1363: 1303:Capodimonte Museum 1247: 1215:Laurentian Library 1070:on the triangular 1056: 981: 951:Manchester Madonna 878:Francesco Granacci 866:Davide Ghirlandaio 820:Florence Cathedral 808:Agostino di Duccio 789: 647: 587:Francesco Granacci 583:Lorenzo de' Medici 493: 453:Matilde di Canossa 449:Chiusi della Verna 362:Laurentian Library 7904:Catholic painters 7782: 7781: 7701:Sandro Botticelli 7616:The Last Judgment 7603: 7602: 7260: 7259: 7205:The Last Judgment 6994:Leonardo da Vinci 6921: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6600: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6560:The Last Judgment 6488:(ceiling gallery) 6472:Battle of Cascina 6451:Leda and the Swan 6395: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6190:Tomb of Julius II 6133:Additions to the 6128:Madonna of Bruges 6038:Additions to the 5867:Project Gutenberg 5838:978-0-691-19549-0 5821:978-1-107-67369-4 5774:978-0-451-17135-1 5730:978-2-87939-069-7 5686:978-1-110-00353-2 5657:978-3-8228-5976-6 5606:978-0-141-93225-5 5552:978-5-906072-42-9 5527:978-5-9903067-1-4 5510:978-0-8478-0447-4 5489:978-0-226-00240-8 5443:, Laurence King, 5432:978-0-300-02793-8 5363:978-0-271-01853-9 5323:978-3-8290-0253-0 4774:Goldscieder p. 12 4664:Becatti, Giovanni 4538:978-3-8031-3707-4 4503:978-3-8365-3716-2 4435:Scigliano, Eric: 4191:978-1-907372-05-6 4161:. 7 December 2007 4119:, Octopus (1979) 3807:978-0-486-14648-5 3780:978-0-19-866203-7 3738:978-0-19-860175-3 3698:978-0-19-953294-0 3128:978-0-691-07000-1 3109:978-90-04-13709-7 3084:978-90-04-31362-0 3062:Oxford Art Online 3058:Oxford Art Online 2937:978-1-4058-8118-0 2720:(2018), starring 2514:Statue of Victory 2422:'s fresco of the 2265:The Last Judgment 2245:Battle of Cascina 2242:Copy of the lost 2195:The Last Judgment 2181:from a fresco by 2175:The Last Judgment 2167:Battle of Cascina 1809:In the so-called 1790:Niccolò dell'Arca 1743:Madonna of Bruges 1691:Madonna of Bruges 1675:Madonna of Bruges 1642:Madonna and Child 1400:Banister Fletcher 1276:Saint Bartholomew 1267:The Last Judgment 1257:, marchioness of 1242:The Last Judgment 1028:, are now in the 1001:Battle of Cascina 998:with his planned 920:Battle of Cascina 834:Leonardo da Vinci 626:Pietro Torrigiano 577:. Among them was 562:and continued by 357:The Last Judgment 329:Leonardo da Vinci 220: 219: 167:The Last Judgment 7986: 7811: 7810: 7799: 7798: 7797: 7790: 7772: 7771: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7716:Biagio d'Antonio 7634:Raphael Cartoons 7573:Erythraean Sibyl 7435: 7434: 7361: 7287: 7280: 7273: 7264: 7263: 7228:Jacob Burckhardt 7173: 7172: 1502–1516 7170: 7136: 7135: 1492–1498 7133: 7090:Andrea del Sarto 7025:Ludovico Beretta 6955:High Renaissance 6948: 6941: 6934: 6925: 6924: 6860:Replicas of the 6814:Luigi del Riccio 6789:Vittoria Colonna 6716: 6715: 6705: 6704: 6617: 6616: 6606: 6605: 6537:Prophet Jeremiah 6412: 6411: 6401: 6400: 6374:Palestrina Pietà 6367:Florentine Pietà 6207:Rebellious Slave 5992: 5991: 1488–1492 5989: 5983: 5982: 5972: 5971: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5892: 5891: 5876:Internet Archive 5825: 5778: 5747: 5734: 5715: 5690: 5661: 5649: 5610: 5580: 5572: 5514: 5493: 5463: 5461: 5436: 5385: 5376: 5367: 5348:Condivi, Ascanio 5343: 5327: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5266:. filmitalia.org 5260: 5254: 5253: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5213:. 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Pietà 6352:Rome, 1534–1564 6347: 6268: 6242:Awakening Slave 6184: 6108: 6072:Rome, 1496–1500 6067: 6046:Saint Petronius 6027: 5990: 5977: 5966: 5945: 5940: 5889: 5854: 5849: 5822: 5775: 5731: 5712: 5687: 5673:Rolland, Romain 5658: 5607: 5511: 5490: 5471: 5469:Further reading 5466: 5433: 5364: 5324: 5307: 5302: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5269: 5267: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5250: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5217:on 16 July 2014 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5184:on 14 July 2014 5168: 5164: 5157: 5139: 5135: 5116: 5112: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5069: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5008: 5004: 4985: 4981: 4962: 4958: 4939: 4935: 4930: 4923: 4919:, Pelican, 1964 4914: 4910: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4867: 4863: 4852: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4810:Bartz and König 4809: 4805: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4778: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4722: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4701: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4657: 4653: 4640: 4636: 4629: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4602: 4598:sensibilities". 4596: 4587: 4578: 4574: 4561:Vasari, Giorgio 4558: 4554: 4539: 4523: 4519: 4504: 4480: 4476: 4459: 4450: 4444:Wayback Machine 4434: 4430: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4412: 4400: 4396: 4377: 4373: 4364: 4355: 4345: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4288: 4286: 4285:. 25 April 2023 4277: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4225: 4211: 4207: 4192: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4062: 4053: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3988: 3984: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3934: 3930: 3915: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3815: 3808: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3757: 3746: 3739: 3715: 3706: 3699: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3498: 3494: 3485: 3481: 3472: 3465: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3424: 3420: 3405: 3401: 3382: 3378: 3369: 3365: 3356: 3349: 3345:Coughlan, p. 42 3344: 3340: 3331: 3324: 3315: 3311: 3302: 3298: 3289: 3285: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3224: 3215: 3208: 3199: 3192: 3183: 3179: 3170: 3163: 3154: 3145: 3137: 3133: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3094: 3090: 3071: 3067: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3028: 3024: 3017: 3001: 2997: 2984: 2975: 2968: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2872:Filippo Strozzi 2836:ab Incarnatione 2823: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2724:as Michelangelo 2722:Enrico Lo Verso 2704:as Michelangelo 2702:Charlton Heston 2680: 2558: 2551: 2547:Rondanini Pietà 2542: 2533: 2526: 2517: 2511: 2502: 2496: 2451:Rondanini Pietà 2398: 2391: 2384: 2375: 2368: 2359: 2356:Capitoline Hill 2352: 2343: 2332: 2292: 2285: 2278: 2269: 2261: 2252: 2240: 2231: 2223: 2191:Andrea Mantegna 2160:Baptistry Doors 2152:Giovanni Pisano 2130: 2123: 2118: 2109: 2103: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2073: 2046: 2041: 2032: 2024: 2015: 2009: 2000: 1995: 1949:Book of Genesis 1933: 1927: 1920: 1912: 1903: 1891: 1882: 1874: 1865: 1857: 1772: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1739: 1730: 1721: 1712: 1703: 1644: 1639: 1631:Main articles: 1629: 1613: 1586:Gherardo Perini 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1524: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1491: 1468:Ascanio Condivi 1464: 1462:Personal habits 1448: 1416: 1352: 1346: 1322:Palazzo Farnese 1318:Marcus Aurelius 1314:Capitoline Hill 1283:Cardinal Carafa 1234: 1232:Rome, 1534–1546 1144:Duchy of Urbino 1136: 1092:Book of Genesis 1068:Twelve Apostles 1044: 1038: 1014:figure of Moses 970: 964: 954:and now in the 948:, known as the 882:Palazzo Vecchio 870:Piero di Cosimo 862:Cosimo Rosselli 842:Pietro Perugino 838:Filippino Lippi 776: 770: 731:Raffaele Riario 715:and a sleeping 669:Piero de Medici 634: 598:Marsilio Ficino 518:, a renewal of 479: 419: 414: 325:Renaissance man 289: 250: 244: 243: 226: 194: 173: 127: 122: 99: 90: 86: 77: 68: 66: 65: 55: 52: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7992: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7894:Artist authors 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7816: 7815: 7803: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7764: 7751: 7750: 7748:Pope Sixtus IV 7745: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7681: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7647: 7645: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7611: 7609: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7590: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7532: 7525: 7520: 7513: 7505: 7503: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7463: 7458: 7451: 7443: 7441: 7432: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7373: 7371: 7364: 7363: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7351: 7344: 7337: 7330: 7323: 7316: 7308: 7306: 7299: 7298: 7295:Sistine Chapel 7290: 7289: 7282: 7275: 7267: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7243:Giorgio Vasari 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7201: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7175: 7160: 7152: 7146: 7138: 7122: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7060:Girolamo Genga 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7020:Fra Bartolomeo 7017: 7012: 7006: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6965: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6951: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6928: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6895:(1990 TV film) 6889: 6878: 6870: 6865: 6857: 6849: 6844: 6837: 6832: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6809:Febo di Poggio 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6722: 6720: 6719:Works on paper 6712: 6711: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6623: 6621: 6613: 6612: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6583: 6575: 6573: 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BiblioLife. 5669: 5662: 5656: 5639: 5632: 5618: 5611: 5605: 5588: 5581: 5565:Colvin, Sidney 5561: 5554: 5538: 5529: 5515: 5509: 5494: 5488: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5451: 5437: 5431: 5418: 5404: 5389:Gardner, Helen 5386: 5377: 5368: 5362: 5344: 5328: 5322: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5277: 5255: 5248: 5228: 5195: 5162: 5155: 5133: 5110: 5089: 5077:The Florentine 5060: 5051: 5034:"Michelangelo" 5025: 5002: 4979: 4956: 4933: 4921: 4908: 4899: 4874: 4868:J. de Tolnay, 4861: 4854:Giorgio Vasari 4843: 4834: 4828:J. de Tolnay, 4821: 4812: 4803: 4801:Vasari, et al. 4794: 4776: 4767: 4758: 4738: 4729: 4720: 4711: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4651: 4634: 4628:978-0822334248 4627: 4609: 4600: 4585: 4581:Gayford (2013) 4572: 4552: 4537: 4517: 4502: 4474: 4448: 4428: 4419: 4410: 4402:Paola Barocchi 4394: 4371: 4353: 4327: 4296: 4270: 4238: 4223: 4205: 4190: 4172: 4146: 4137: 4128: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4060: 4044: 4035: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3982: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3928: 3923:Critica d'Arte 3906: 3897: 3879: 3870: 3839: 3813: 3806: 3786: 3779: 3744: 3737: 3704: 3697: 3669: 3655: 3646: 3637: 3623: 3614: 3588: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3535: 3523: 3514: 3505: 3499:J. de Tolnay, 3492: 3479: 3473:J. de Tolnay, 3463: 3450: 3441: 3418: 3399: 3376: 3363: 3357:J. de Tolnay, 3347: 3338: 3322: 3316:J. de Tolnay, 3309: 3296: 3283: 3270: 3258: 3249: 3236: 3222: 3206: 3190: 3177: 3161: 3155:J. de Tolnay, 3143: 3131: 3115: 3108: 3088: 3065: 3049: 3042: 3022: 3015: 2995: 2973: 2967:978-8809954533 2966: 2943: 2936: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2905: 2887: 2864:Strozzi family 2853: 2843: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2771: 2757: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2725: 2713: 2705: 2689: 2679: 2676: 2602:Medici Madonna 2598:Bruges Madonna 2566:Giorgio Vasari 2557: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2543: 2536: 2534: 2527: 2520: 2518: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2497: 2490: 2472:Giorgio Vasari 2397: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2385: 2378: 2376: 2369: 2362: 2360: 2353: 2346: 2344: 2333: 2326: 2322:, is more so. 2316:Farnese Palace 2291: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2279: 2272: 2270: 2262: 2255: 2253: 2241: 2234: 2232: 2224: 2217: 2187:Santi Apostoli 2129: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2112: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2095: 2089: 2082: 2080: 2074: 2067: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2035: 2033: 2025: 2018: 2016: 2010: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1989: 1945:Pope Julius II 1929:Main article: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1913: 1906: 1904: 1892: 1885: 1883: 1875: 1868: 1866: 1858: 1851: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1757: 1750: 1748: 1740: 1733: 1731: 1722: 1715: 1713: 1704: 1697: 1643: 1640: 1628: 1625: 1612: 1609: 1582:Febo di Poggio 1560: 1549: 1535:Giorgio Vasari 1500: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1463: 1460: 1447: 1444: 1415: 1412: 1348:Main article: 1345: 1342: 1233: 1230: 1200:Medici Madonna 1135: 1132: 1122:, the Prophet 1116:Garden of Eden 1052:Sistine Chapel 1040:Main article: 1037: 1034: 985:Pope Julius II 978:Pope Julius II 966:Main article: 963: 960: 812:Carrara marble 804:Piero Soderini 772:Main article: 769: 766: 633: 630: 575:Sistine Chapel 556:Nanni di Banco 478: 475: 465:Giorgio Vasari 418: 415: 413: 410: 381:Giorgio Vasari 311:. Born in the 218: 217: 214: 213: 205: 204: 200: 199: 196: 195: 193: 192: 187: 181: 179: 175: 174: 172: 171: 163: 155: 149: 141: 132: 130: 124: 123: 121: 120: 117: 114: 111: 107: 105: 104:Known for 101: 100: 91: 89:(aged 88) 83: 79: 78: 69: 63: 61: 57: 56: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7991: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7802: 7792: 7791: 7788: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7763: 7753: 7752: 7749: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7686: 7679: 7678: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7666:Room of Tears 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 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Doubleday. 5147: 5146: 5137: 5130: 5129:0-300-09495-7 5126: 5122: 5121: 5114: 5107: 5106:0-7148-2303-1 5103: 5099: 5093: 5078: 5074: 5067: 5065: 5055: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5022: 5021:88-09-02274-2 5018: 5014: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4990: 4983: 4976: 4975:1-934545-01-5 4972: 4968: 4967: 4960: 4953: 4952:0-271-00679-X 4949: 4945: 4944: 4937: 4928: 4926: 4918: 4912: 4903: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4838: 4831: 4825: 4816: 4807: 4798: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4771: 4762: 4756: 4755:0-517-88378-3 4752: 4748: 4742: 4733: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4704: 4694: 4685: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4648: 4647:0-226-11392-2 4644: 4638: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4582: 4579:According to 4576: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4521: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4438: 4432: 4423: 4414: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4362: 4360: 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2783: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2758: 2755: 2744: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2700:and starring 2699: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2659:Last Judgment 2656: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2639: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606:Mannerist art 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2549: 2548: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2504: 2501: 2494: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2389: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2284: 2283: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2259: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2136: 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Könemann. 5314:Michelangelo 5313: 5290:. Retrieved 5280: 5268:. Retrieved 5258: 5238: 5231: 5219:. Retrieved 5215:the original 5208: 5198: 5186:. Retrieved 5182:the original 5175: 5165: 5144: 5136: 5118: 5113: 5097: 5092: 5080:. Retrieved 5076: 5054: 5042:. Retrieved 5037: 5028: 5012:Michelangelo 5010: 5005: 4987: 4982: 4966:Michelangelo 4964: 4959: 4941: 4936: 4916: 4911: 4906:Goldscheider 4902: 4890:. Retrieved 4886: 4877: 4869: 4864: 4857: 4837: 4829: 4824: 4815: 4806: 4797: 4770: 4761: 4746: 4741: 4732: 4723: 4714: 4693: 4684: 4671: 4660:Salmi, Mario 4654: 4637: 4618: 4612: 4603: 4575: 4565: 4555: 4528:Michelangelo 4527: 4520: 4484: 4477: 4466: 4431: 4422: 4413: 4405: 4397: 4384: 4374: 4366: 4344:. Retrieved 4339: 4330: 4318:. Retrieved 4316:. p. 20 4311: 4299: 4287:. Retrieved 4282: 4273: 4261:. Retrieved 4257:the original 4250: 4241: 4214: 4208: 4181: 4175: 4163:. 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