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heavily sanded by a previous tram, and the tram loses electrical contact with the rails. In this event, the underframe of the tram, by virtue of a circuit path through ancillary loads (such as interior lighting), is live at the full supply voltage, typically 600 volts DC. In
British terminology, such a tram was said to be ‘grounded’—not to be confused with the US English use of the term, which means the exact opposite. Any person stepping off the tram completed the earth return circuit and could receive a nasty electric shock. In such an event, the driver was required to jump off the tram (avoiding simultaneous contact with the tram and the ground) and pull down the trolley pole, before allowing passengers off the tram. Unless derailed, the tram could usually be recovered by running water down the running rails from a point higher than the tram, the water providing a conducting bridge between the tram and the rails.
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inertia, for example when crossing another cable line. The cable would then have to be "picked up" to resume progress, the whole operation requiring precise timing to avoid damage to the cable and the grip mechanism. Breaks and frays in the cable, which occurred frequently, required the complete cessation of services over a cable route while the cable was repaired. Due to overall wear, the entire length of cable (typically several kilometres) would have to be replaced on a regular schedule. After the development of reliable electrically powered trams, the costly high-maintenance cable car systems were rapidly replaced in most locations.
2788:, a French inventor who developed improvements in tram and rail equipment, and helped develop tram lines in New York City and Paris. The invention of grooved rail enabled tramways to be laid without causing a nuisance to other road users, except unsuspecting cyclists, who could get their wheels caught in the groove. The grooves may become filled with gravel and dirt (particularly if infrequently used or after a period of idleness) and need clearing from time to time, this being done by a "scrubber" tram. Failure to clear the grooves can lead to a bumpy ride for the passengers, damage to either wheel or rail and possibly derailing.
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554:
179:
2800:
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5338:). This scale/gauge hybrid is called OO scale. O scale trams are also very popular among tram modellers because the increased size allows for more detail and easier crafting of overhead wiring. In the US these models are usually purchased in epoxy or wood kits and some as brass models. The Saint Petersburg Tram Company produces highly detailed polyurethane non-powered O Scale models from around the world which can easily be powered by trucks from vendors like Q-Car.
1229:
5819:
984:, UK. The Mumbles Railway Act was passed by the British Parliament in 1804, and horse-drawn service started in 1807. The service closed in 1827, but was restarted in 1860, again using horses. It was worked by steam from 1877, and then, from 1929, by very large (106-seater) electric tramcars, until closure in 1961. The Swansea and Mumbles Railway was something of a one-off however, and no street tramway would appear in Britain until 1860 when one was built in
3865:
1351:
1963:
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2050:
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147:
4456:. However, Canadian cities excluding Toronto, removed their streetcar systems in the mid-20th century. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, light rail systems were introduced in Calgary and Edmonton; with another light rail system established in Ottawa in 2001. There is now something of a renaissance for light railways in mid-sized cities with
2704:, the remnant of the system comprises 3 isolated radial routes, not connecting in the ancient city centre, but linked by a ring route. Some apparently anomalous lines continue in operation where a new line would not on rational grounds be built, because it is much more costly to build a new line than continue operating an existing one.
1392:, having been built in stages between 1859 and 1892. New York City developed multiple cable car lines, that operated from 1883 to 1909. Los Angeles also had several cable car lines, including the Second Street Cable Railroad, which operated from 1885 to 1889, and the Temple Street Cable Railway, which operated from 1886 to 1898.
5231:
commuters and discovered the identity of a man whom, they believed, had recently travelled to London. This led to the arrest and conviction of the murderer. Decades after the event, the M&MTB were still citing the incident in training courses as a reason for tram conductors, etc., to keep proper and efficient records.
4373:, the streetcar system is the only large-scale streetcar system existing in Canada, excluding heritage streetcar, or light rail systems that are operated in other Canadian municipalities. The streetcar system was established in 1861, and used a variety of vehicles in its history, including horse-drawn streetcars,
4129:. The tram reached its zenith in 1932 when 82 rail companies operated 1,479 kilometers of track in 65 cities. The tram declined in popularity through the remaining years of the 1930s and during the 1960s many of the remaining operational tramways were shut down or converted into commuter railway lines.
5596:(1906): "From afar at the end of Tsar Peter Straat, issued in the frosty air the tinkle of bells of the horse tramcars, appearing and disappearing in the opening between the buildings, like little toy carriages harnessed with toy horses and played with by people that appeared no bigger than children."
5573:
From time to time a strange vehicle drew near to the place where they stood—such a vehicle as the lady at the window, in spite of a considerable acquaintance with human inventions, had never seen before: a huge, low, omnibus, painted in brilliant colours, and decorated apparently with jingling bells,
5344:
It is thought that the first example of a working model tramcar in the UK built by an amateur for fun was in 1929, when Frank E. Wilson created a replica of London County
Council Tramways E class car 444 in 1:16 scale, which he demonstrated at an early Model Engineer Exhibition. Another of his models
4275:
Whereas most systems and vehicles in the tram sector are found in
Central and Eastern Europe, in the 1960s and 1970s, tram systems were shut down in many places in Western Europe, however urban transportation has been experiencing a sustained long running revival since the 1990s. Many European cities
4064:
Tramway systems were well established in the Asian region at the start of the 20th century, but started a steady decline during the mid to late 1930s. The 1960s marked the end of its dominance in public transportation with most major systems closed and the equipment and rails sold for scrap; however,
3984:
in Berlin operated a very large network with 634 km (394 mi) of route. Before its system started to be converted to trolleybus (and later bus) services in the 1930s (last tramway closed 6 July 1952), the first-generation London network had 555 km (345 mi) of route in 1931. In 1958
3212:
Tram tracks can be hazardous for cyclists, as bikes, particularly those with narrow tyres, may get their wheels caught in the track grooves. It is possible to close the grooves of the tracks on critical sections by rubber profiles that are pressed down by the wheelflanges of the passing tram but that
2427:
There are two main types of tramways, the classic tramway built in the early 20th century with the tram system operating in mixed traffic, and the later type which is most often associated with the tram system having its own right of way. Tram systems that have their own right of way are often called
1108:
Problems with horsecars included the fact that any given animal could only work so many hours on a given day, had to be housed, groomed, fed and cared for day in and day out, and produced prodigious amounts of manure, which the streetcar company was charged with storing and then disposing of. Since a
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Seeing these beautiful behemoths rolling through
Toronto might force us to reconsider the complaint heard over and over that streetcars are forever in the way. Once all 204 new vehicles have been deployed in four or five years, they will be the undisputed masters of the streets; it will be cars that
9870:
Normally, the
Bombardier plant produces one light rail vehicle (LRV) every three weeks, said spokesperson Marc Laforge. That's not happening while a strike at the company's Thunder Bay plant is in its eighth week. Once production resumes, however, Bombardier can accelerate its schedule to three LRVs
4271:
In many
European cities, much tramway infrastructure was lost in the mid-20th century, though not always on the same scale as in other parts of the world such as North America. Most of Central and Eastern Europe retained the majority of its tramway systems and it is here that the largest and busiest
2557:
A ground-level power supply system also known as
Surface current collection or Alimentation par le sol (APS) is an updated version of the original stud type system. APS uses a third rail placed between the running rails, divided electrically into eight-metre powered segments with three metre neutral
1465:
and lengthy underground vault structures beneath the rails had to be provided. They also required physical strength and skill to operate, and alert operators to avoid obstructions and other cable cars. The cable had to be disconnected ("dropped") at designated locations to allow the cars to coast by
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in fares from driver Thomas Taylor, and £21.19.0 from eight passengers. One passenger was injured. The bandits were never caught. Contemporary newspapers hypothesised that the bandits were after a specific commuter who travelled regularly on this particular tram and who was in the habit of carrying
2061:
There is one particular hazard associated with trams powered from a trolley pole off an overhead line. Since the tram relies on contact with the rails for the current return path, a problem arises if the tram is derailed or (more usually) if it halts on a section of track that has been particularly
1598:
that Mr Noble had demonstrated a new 'motor car' for tramways 'with success'. The tramcar 'exactly similar in size, shape, and capacity to a cable grip car' had the 'motive power' of gas 'with which the reservoir is to be charged once a day at power stations by means of a rubber hose'. The car also
1322:
Tram engines usually had modifications to make them suitable for street running in residential areas. The wheels, and other moving parts of the machinery, were usually enclosed for safety reasons and to make the engines quieter. Measures were often taken to prevent the engines from emitting visible
4022:
The
Semarang tram network was constructed between 1882 and 1883, and it was essentially an inner suburb extension of the Samarang Joana Railway (SJS) network. The company already had an extensive rural tram network to the east of Semarang. Unfortunately, due to financial difficulties that hampered
4018:
In
Batavia (now Jakarta), the capital of the former Dutch colony of the Netherlands East Indies, a horse tram service started in 1869. A steam tram ran from 1881, and electrification followed in 1897. All Jakarta trams were discontinued in the 1960s by an independent Indonesia due to pressure from
3923:
The longest systems are in
Melbourne (254 km or 158 mi), Saint Petersburg (228 km or 142 mi), Katowice (Upper Silesian Industrial Region) (200 km or 120 mi), Cologne (193 km or 120 mi), Berlin (192 km or 119 mi), Milan (182 km or 113 mi),
3971:
was, at its peak, the world's largest system, with 1,111 km (690 mi) of track in 1925 (according to other sources, ca. 640 km (400 mi) of route length in 1930). However it was completely closed in 1938. The next largest system appears to have been 857 km (533 mi), in
3278:
Trams are in a period of growth, with about 800 tram systems operating around the world, 10 or so new systems being opened each year, and many being gradually extended. Some of these systems date from the late 19th or early 20th centuries. In the past 20 years their numbers have been augmented by
2844:
Another factor favoring standard gauge is that low-floor vehicles are becoming popular, and there is generally insufficient space for wheelchairs to move between the wheels in a narrow gauge layout. Standard gauge also enables – at least in theory – a larger choice of manufacturers and thus lower
5230:
in London, contacted the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board. From the serial number, the M&MTB were able to tell which tram depot had issued the ticket, on what day and on which specific tram, and in which section of a particular route (North Balwyn). Police then interviewed regular
2045:
The convenience and economy of electricity resulted in its rapid adoption once the technical problems of production and transmission of electricity were solved. Electric trams largely replaced animal power and other forms of motive power including cable and steam, in the late 19th and early 20th
4026:
Surabaya's tram network was first built in 1886. Initially consisting of steam trams only, later electric trams were added in 1923. They served Surabaya commuters well into the independence era. The electric tram bowed out from service in 1968, while its steam counterpart outlived the electrics
3307:
Since 1980 trams have returned to favour in many places, partly because their tendency to dominate the roadway, formerly seen as a disadvantage, is now considered to be a merit since it raises the visibility of public transport (encouraging car users to change their mode of travel), and enables
5225:
It is reputed that in the 1930s a murdered body was dragged out of the River Thames in London. The body had been stripped of anything that might have identified him. The only clue to the person's identity was a portion of a tram ticket hidden in the lining of his coat. The local police did not
4318:. Streetcar systems were developed in late 19th to early 20th centuries in a number of cities throughout North America. However, most North American cities saw its streetcar lines removed in the mid-20th century for a variety of financial, technological and social reasons. Exceptions included
4030:
In 2012, there was talk of reviving Surabaya's tram network as a part of Surabaya Mass Rapid Transit project, which will see parts of the old electric tram right of way reactivated, and it will be combined with the future monorail network. The project is aimed to alleviate Surabaya's traffic
7081:
2115:, Australia, in 1892, were battery-powered but within as little as three months they were replaced with horse-drawn trams. In New York City some minor lines also used storage batteries. Then, comparatively recently, during the 1950s, a longer battery-operated tramway line ran from Milan to
1982:
cities of Bendigo and Ballarat. In recent years the Melbourne system, generally recognised as one of the largest in the world, has been considerably modernised and expanded. The Adelaide line has also been extended to the Entertainment Centre, and work is progressing on further extensions.
3111:
Tram vehicles are very durable, with some being in continuous revenue service for more than fifty years. This is especially compared to internal combustion buses, which tend to require high amounts of maintenance and break down after less than 20 years, mostly due to the vibrations of the
2707:
In some places, the opportunity is taken when roads are being repaved to lay tramlines (though without erecting overhead cables) even though no service is immediately planned: such is the case in Leipzigerstraße in Berlin, the Haarlemmer Houttuinen in Amsterdam, and Botermarkt in Ghent.
1602:
Comparatively little has been published about gas trams. However, research on the subject was carried out for an article in the October 2011 edition of "The Times", the historical journal of the Australian Association of Timetable Collectors, now the Australian Timetable Association.
4504:
Pittsburgh had kept most of its streetcar system serving the city and many suburbs, making it the longest-lasting large-network streetcar system in the United States. However, most of Pittsburgh's surviving streetcar lines were converted to light rail in the 1980s. San Francisco's
2841:. An important advantage of standard gauge is that standard railway maintenance equipment can be used on it, rather than custom-built machinery. Using standard gauge also allows light rail vehicles to be delivered and relocated conveniently using freight railways and locomotives.
141:
5927:. It features all forms of transport used in Victoria from 1835 to 1978, with trams featuring prominently. A horizontal column of trams shows the progression of vehicle design, with some dozens of trams being illustrated. In 2000, during a revamp and renaming of the station to
2010:
In Japan, the Kyoto Electric railroad was the first tram system, starting operation in 1895. By 1932, the network had grown to 82 railway companies in 65 cities, with a total network length of 1,479 km (919 mi). By the 1960s the tram had generally died out in Japan.
5285:
has produced white metal models for over 50 years. There are many boutique vendors offering limited run epoxy and wood models. At the high end are highly detailed brass models which are usually imported from Japan or Korea and can cost in excess of $ 500. Many of these run on
1768:
control, first demonstrated in Chicago in 1897, allowing multiple cars to be coupled together and operated by a single motorman. This gave rise to the modern subway train. Following the improvement of an overhead "trolley" system on streetcars for collecting electricity from
4009:, before it was closed on 25 February 1961, had 291 km (181 mi) of route, and was thus the largest in Australia. As from 1961, the Melbourne system (currently recognised as the world's largest) took over Sydney's title as the largest network in Australia.
2691:
being the prime example, owing to the fact that trams survived the city's political division only in the Eastern part. Other systems have ended up with a rather random route map, for instance when some previous operating companies have ceased operation (as with the
2783:
or grassed surfaces (grassed track or track in a lawn). The rail has the railhead on one side and the guard on the other. The guard provides accommodation for the flange. The guard carries no weight, but may act as a checkrail. Grooved rail was invented in 1852 by
2255:
for most of their route. However, on one steep segment of track, they are assisted by cable tractors, which push the trams uphill and act as brakes for the downhill run. For safety, the cable tractors are always deployed on the downhill side of the tram vehicle.
2561:
Older systems required mechanical switching systems which were susceptible to environmental problems. At any one time no more than two consecutive segments under the tram should actually be live. Wireless and solid state switching remove the mechanical problem.
1171:
railway station to Fintona Junction one mile away on the main Omagh to Enniskillen railway in Northern Ireland. The tram made its last journey on 30 September 1957 when the Omagh to Enniskillen line closed. The "van" now lies at the Ulster Transport Museum.
1335:
were used to avoid emitting visible steam. A major drawback of this style of tram was the limited space for the engine, so that these trams were usually underpowered. Steam tram engines faded out around the 1890s to 1900s, being replaced by electric trams.
5345:
was London E/1 1800, which was the only tramway exhibit in the Faraday Memorial Exhibition of 1931. Together with likeminded friends, Frank Wilson went on to found the Tramway & Light Railway Society in 1938, establishing tramway modelling as a hobby.
5654:, which was written between 1928 and 1940. In chapter 1 Satan/Professor Woland announces that Berlioz will die that evening because Anna has spilt sunflower oil, and indeed at the end of chapter 3 Berlioz slips on the tramway tracks and is decapitated.
3930:
They carry 13.5 billion passengers a year, 3% of all public transport passengers. The highest-volume systems are Budapest (396 million passengers a year), Prague (372 m), Bucharest (322 m), Saint Petersburg (312 m), and Vienna
5172:
was hit and killed by a Sydney horse tram when his clothing was caught in the door, whilst he was attempting to alight. Nathan is reputed to be one of the first tram fatalities in the Southern Hemisphere (many sources claim that it was the first such
2585:
Most systems start by building up a strongly nucleated radial pattern of routes linking the city centre with residential suburbs and traffic hubs such as railway stations and hospitals, usually following main roads. Some of these, such as those in
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708:
of horses. Electric trams largely replaced animal power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Improvements in other vehicles such as buses led to decline of trams in the mid 20th century. However, trams have seen resurgence in recent years.
2210:
and, if this was so, the length of the tramway would have been more than doubled. The tramway carried passengers and freight, and ran on wooden rails. The gauge is unknown. The date of closure is unknown, but it was certainly prior to 1877.
5586:
Published in 1878, the novel is set in the 1840s, though horse trams were not introduced in Boston till the 1850s. Note how the tram's efficiency surprises the European visitor; how two "remarkably small" horses sufficed to draw the "huge"
3168:
Tram networks can link to other operational heavy rail and rapid transit systems, allowing vehicles to move directly from one to the other without passengers needing to alight. Trams that are compatible with heavy rail systems are called
8049:
2674:
The resulting route patterns are very different. Some have a rational structure, covering their catchment area as efficiently as possible, with new suburbs being planned with tramlines integral to their layout – such is the case in
4540:
in 2001. The "second-generation streetcar system," utilizes modern vehicles – vehicles that feature low-floor streetcars. These newer streetcar systems were built in several American cities in the early 21st century including
3308:
streets to be reconfigured to give more space to pedestrians, making cites more pleasant places to live. New systems have been built in the United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, France, Australia and many other countries.
1796:, opened in 1887, and was considered quite successful at the time. While this line proved quite versatile as one of the earliest fully functional electric streetcar installations, it required horse-drawn support while climbing the
3223:
of trams. Though such increases may be temporary, long-term conflicts between motorists and light rail operations can be alleviated by segregating their respective rights-of-way and installing appropriate signage and warning
2313:
promotes its tourist tram as being a cable car it actually operates using a hidden diesel motor. The tram, which runs on a circular route around the town of Portland, uses dummies and salons formerly used on the extensive
10874:
3115:
In many cases tram networks have a higher capacity than similar buses. This has been cited as a reason for the replacement of one of Europe's busiest bus lines (with three-minute headways in peak times) with a tram by
2515:. Washington's was the last of these to close, in 1962. Today, no commercial tramway uses this system. More recently, a modern equivalent to these systems has been developed which allows for the safe installation of a
5226:
recognise the ticket but images in newspapers led to it being identified as a Melbourne tram ticket. Serendipitously, the serial number on the ticket was intact. Victoria Police in Melbourne, acting as agents for the
5938:
was unveiled at the corner of Flinders and Spencer Streets, Melbourne, in October 2013. The sculpture is the work of local artist David Ball. It can be viewed from a number of tram routes, and is just one block from
2085:, a Vermont blacksmith, had invented a battery-powered electric motor which he later patented. The following year he used it to operate a small model electric car on a short section of track four feet in diameter.
10340:
car alighted from the car at the southern end, but before he got clear of the rails the car moved onwards he was thus whirled round by the sudden motion of the carriage and his body was brought under the front
4712:
The Sydney system, which closed in 1961, was the most extensive and the largest passenger carrier of any Australian public transport system then or since, moving over 400 million passengers per annum, at its
5031:
in Argentina once had one of the most extensive tramway networks in the world with over 857 km (533 mi) of track, most of it dismantled during the 1960s in favour of bus transportation. A new line, the
1128:. Within a year, the economy of electric power had replaced more costly horsecars in many cities. By 1889, 110 electric railways incorporating Sprague's equipment had been begun or planned on several continents.
5907:
area of the South Side, it consists of two performance spaces and two galleries, as well as offering facilities for community and artistic projects. It is claimed to be one of the leading venues of its type in
10790:(The last tram or Adoration of a Preserving Jar). See page 584 of the 1959 Büchergilde Gutenberg German edition and page 571 of the 1961 Secker & Warburg edition, translated into English by Ralph Manheim
3327:
had similarly become an iconic symbol of the city, operating the largest network in the Americas as well as the only large-scale tram system in Canada (not including light rail systems, or heritage lines).
2602:, still essentially comprise a single route. Some suburbs may be served by loop lines connecting two adjacent radial roads. Some modern systems have started by reusing existing radial railway tracks, as in
7137:
7802:
9947:
Torontonians taking the Spadina streetcar might have noticed something different when they stepped on board today. That's because the Toronto Transit Commission has finally launched the first of its new
4536:; However, these streetcar systems were designed as heritage streetcar lines, and used vintage or replica-vintage vehicles. The first "second-generation streetcar systems" in North America was opened in
4464:. In the late 20th century, several Canadian locales restored portions of their defunct streetcar lines, operating them as a heritage feature for tourists. Heritage streetcar lines in Canada include the
1485:
as they climbed or descended a steep hill. The moving cable would physically pull the car up the hill at a steady pace, unlike a low-powered steam or horse-drawn car. Cable cars do have wheel brakes and
4176:
system began operation in August 2011 and is currently being extended, with the full system expected to be in operation by 2023. A significant portion of it will be underground. A light rail system for
2057:
connection (highlighted with arrows) is used to drop the current in the overhead lines to zero. Derailed electric trams are a hazard, as it requires contact with the rails for the current's return path.
4001:
in 1960 had 340 km (211 mi), before the expansion of bus services and the opening of a subway (1976). Substituting subway services for tram routes continues. 320 km (199 mi) was in
2065:
In the 2000s, two companies introduced catenary-free designs. Alstom's Citadis line uses a third rail, and Bombardier's PRIMOVE LRV is charged by contactless induction plates embedded in the trackway.
5757:: "I sat in the last seat and watched the ancient houses passing close to the window. The tram almost touched the overhanging eaves.... The tram snaked its way through this private back-alley world."
4513:
heritage streetcar line. In the late 20th century, several cities installed modern light rail systems, in part along the same corridors as their old streetcars systems, the first of these being the
3231:
strategies to minimise these effects. Most of all, the potential for decreased private motor vehicle operations along the tram's service line because of the service provision could result in lower
1143:
Horses continued to be used for light shunting well into the 20th century, and many large metropolitan lines lasted into the early 20th century. New York City had a regular horsecar service on the
4102:
remained extant. However the 21st century has seen a resurgence in development of tram transport as China struggles with urban traffic congestion and pollution with at least 15 systems operating.
3123:
Due to the abovementioned capacity advantage labor costs (which form the biggest share of operating costs of many public transit systems) per passenger can be significantly lower compared to buses
950:
The history of trams, streetcars or trolley systems, began in the early nineteenth century. It can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used.
3297:) were common throughout the industrialised world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries but they had disappeared from most British, Canadian, French and US cities by the mid-20th century.
1411:, Victoria, Australia operated one of the largest cable systems in the world, at its peak running 592 trams on 75 kilometres (47 mi) of track. There were also two isolated cable lines in
10058:
4719:
Today, trams can be found in Melbourne (by length, the world's largest system), and to a lesser extent, Adelaide; all other major cities having largely dismantled their networks by the 1970s.
3094:
Trams (and road public transport in general) can be much more efficient in terms of road usage than cars – one vehicle replaces about 40 cars (which take up a far larger area of road space).
774:
refers to the wooden beams the railway tracks were initially made of before the railroad pioneers switched to the much more wear-resistant tracks made of iron and, later, steel. The word
9576:
1003:, which were then common on the well-paved streets of European cities. Running the horsecars on rails allowed for a much smoother ride. There are records of a street railway running in
9847:
7935:
5341:
In the US, one of the best resources for model tram enthusiasts is the East Penn Traction Club of Philadelphia and Trolleyville a website of the Southern California Traction Club.
9897:
8462:
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4165:
gauge). This system commenced operations about 1900 and was discontinued by 1960. However, a new tram system is in the process of being brought to Colombo as part of the plan of
2558:
sections between. Each tram has two power collection skates, next to which are antennas that send radio signals to energize the power rail segments as the tram passes over them.
2507:(New York City), and Washington, D.C., used live rails, like those on third-rail electrified railways, but in a conduit underneath the road, from which they drew power through a
10920:
10275:
4065:
some extensive original systems still remain in service in Japan. In recent years there has been renewed interest in the tram with modern systems being built in Japan and China.
4023:
the SJS railway company, the Semarang tram network was closed down in 1940 (despite public protest in Semarang) and their rolling stock transferred to the Surabaya tram network.
2334:
was a case study of the decline of trams in the United States. In the 21st century, trams have been re-introduced in cities where they had been closed down for decades (such as
10866:
9924:
3219:
The opening of new tram and light rail systems has sometimes been accompanied by a marked increase in car accidents, as a result of drivers' unfamiliarity with the physics and
2896:
in design and use, particularly in street-running sections, where in some cases other vehicles are legally required to stop clear of the tram doors. Some stops may resemble to
1490:, but the cable also helps restrain the car to going downhill at a constant speed. Performance in steep terrain partially explains the survival of cable cars in San Francisco.
5574:
attached to a species of groove in the pavement, through which it was dragged, with a great deal of rumbling, bouncing, and scratching, by a couple of remarkably small horses.
3937:
Just over 36,000 trams and light rail vehicles are in operation. The largest fleets are in Moscow (919), Saint Petersburg (833), Prague (830), Budapest (612) and Warsaw (526);
3279:
modern tramway or light rail systems in cities that had discarded this form of transport. There have also been some new tram systems in cities that never previously had them.
3917:
Since 2000, 78 systems have opened while 13 have closed. The countries that have opened the most systems since 2000 are the USA (23), France (20), Spain (16), and Turkey (8);
8230:
4019:
Sukarno, which saw tram network as "antiquated" and a "relic of colonial era". The other cities in Indonesia who used to have urban tram network were Surabaya and Semarang.
2916:
Approximately 5,000 new trams are manufactured each year. As of February 2017, 4,478 new trams were on order from their makers, with options being open for a further 1,092.
1124:
used a wheel to travel along the wire. In late 1887 and early 1888, using his trolley system, Sprague installed the first successful large electric street railway system in
6362:
5931:, part of the mural was removed. It was taken down completely in 2005 and, after a cleaning, was in 2007 relocated to Spencer Outlet Centre, adjoining the railway station.
3190:
Many modern tram systems plant low growing vegetation - mostly grasses - between the tracks which has a psychological effect on perceived noise levels and the benefits of
2687:
have built comprehensive networks, based on radial routes with numerous interconnections, within the last two decades. Some systems serve only parts of their cities, with
2618:. Later developments often include tangential routes linking adjacent suburbs directly, or multiple routes through the town centre to avoid congestion (as in Manchester's
909:, a rubber-tyred vehicle running on hard pavement, which draws its power from pairs of overhead wires. These electric buses, which use twin trolley poles, are also called
10090:
5618:
I can't make out why the corporation doesn't run a tramline from the parkgate to the quays, Mr Bloom said. All those animals could be taken in trucks down to the boats.
11592:
Rowsome, Frank; Stephan McGuire, tech. ed. (1956). A Trolley Car Treasury: A Century of American Streetcars—Horsecars, Cable Cars, Interurbans, and Trolleys. New York:
9969:
841:), a four-wheeled device that was dragged along dual overhead wires by a cable that connected the troller to the top of the car and collected electrical power from the
9494:
8439:
1970:
By the 1970s, the only full tramway system remaining in Australia was the Melbourne tram system. However, there were also a few single lines remaining elsewhere: the
1109:
typical horse pulled a streetcar for about a dozen miles a day and worked for four or five hours, many systems needed ten or more horses in stable for each horsecar.
9788:
4974:
1046:
who had previously worked on American streetcar lines. The tram was developed in numerous cities of Europe (some of the most extensive systems were found in Berlin,
10245:
9616:
8387:
7262:
1698:
in Austria. It was the first tram in the world in regular service that was run with electricity served by an overhead line with pantograph current collectors. The
7145:
6975:
The Bowery boys : adventures In Old New York : an unconventional exploration of Manhattan's historic neighborhoods, secret spots and colorful characters
4776:, with the ruling parties supporting the project and the opposition opposing it. The government was returned and Stage 1 of the light rail launched in April 2019.
10463:
8129:
7175:
Ye. N. Petrova. St. Petersburg in Focus: Photographers of the Turn of the Century; in Celebration of the Tercentenary of St. Petersburg. Palace Ed., 2003. P. 12
4882:
New Zealand's tram gauges were not standardised; the 15 systems used no less than five gauges, making swapping of rolling stock from system to system difficult.
4726:, while Ballarat and Bendigo retained their trams as heritage systems. In 2008 and 2009, Bendigo trialled using its heritage trams for regular public transport.
140:
6206:
5266:(1:48 in the US and generally 1:43,5 and 1:45 in Europe and Asia). They are typically powered and will accept plastic figures inside. Common manufacturers are
3753:
3216:
When wet, tram tracks tend to become slippery and thus dangerous for bicycles and motorcycles, especially in traffic. In some cases, even cars can be affected.
6580:
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014
3391:
1702:
was opened in Blackpool, UK on 29 September 1885 using conduit collection along Blackpool Promenade. This system is still in operation in a modernised form.
8257:
3920:
15,618 km (9,705 mi) of track is in operation, with 850 km (530 mi) in construction and a further 2,350 km (1,460 mi) planned;
6428:
3402:
1112:
Horsecars were largely replaced by electric-powered trams following the improvement of an overhead trolley system on trams for collecting electricity from
5628:
like they have in Milan, you know. Run the line out to the cemetery gates and have special trams, hearse and carriage and all. Don't you see what I mean?
670:
is used. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets and diesel in more rural environments. Occasionally, trams also carry
9276:
6194:
4760:
2640:
A third, weakly nucleated, route pattern may grow up where a number of nearby small settlements are linked, such as in the coal-mining areas served by
1276:(from 1885) and the Dublin & Blessington Steam Tramway (from 1888) in Ireland. Steam tramways also were used on the suburban tramway lines around
10547:
6453:
5181:
3946:
The most intensively used junction in any tram network is the Lazarská x Spálená junction in Prague with appx. 150 vehicles passing through per hour.
2824:
1623:
10066:
1039:. Other American cities did not follow until the 1850s, after which the "animal railway" became an increasingly common feature in the larger towns.
11175:
9037:
10852:
10197:
8074:
2206:. By most definitions, the tramway was the first passenger-carrying railway/tramway in Australia. An unconfirmed report says that it continued to
12849:
8618:
6477:
6284:
6243:
6817:
1776:
Earlier installations proved difficult or unreliable. Siemens' line, for example, provided power through a live rail and a return rail, like a
1366:
by a moving steel cable. The power to move the cable was normally provided at a "powerhouse" site a distance away from the actual vehicle. The
864:
The alternative North American term 'trolley' may strictly speaking be considered incorrect, as the term can also be applied to cable cars, or
10114:
9857:
9569:
10036:
9731:
9564:
9446:
7498:
6404:
3207:
A sign advising cyclists to dismount due to tram tracks. Tram tracks pose a hazard for cyclists, as their wheels may get caught in the track.
1841:
9888:"Toronto rides new streetcars to its urban future: Hume Getting there will be half the fun now that Toronto's new streetcars are in service"
6273:
8290:, (San Jose: Santa Clara County Transportation Agency, 1994), 67. Besides recounting statistics and anecdotes, this source also reprints a
7735:
6216:
4885:
Christchurch has subsequently reintroduced heritage trams over a new CBD route, but the overhead wiring plus some track was damaged by the
4509:
system is the largest surviving streetcar system in the United States, and has even revived previously closed streetcar lines such as the
3184:
Passengers can reach surface stations quicker than underground stations. Subjective safety at surface stations is often seen to be higher.
9887:
8574:
8454:
6443:
5613:(1918), the party on the way to Paddy Dignam's funeral in a horse-drawn carriage idly debates the merits of various tramway improvements:
4895:
has recently introduced heritage trams into the Wynyard area, near the CBD, using former Melbourne trams. On 9 May 2018, two modern tram/
3249:
11740:
10895:
7626:
3108:
Being guided by rails means that even very long tram units can navigate tight, winding city streets that are inaccessible to long buses.
11794:
9601:
9209:
8644:
8535:
7878:
2372:
Trams have been used for two main purposes: for carrying passengers and for carrying cargo. There are several types of passenger tram:
9934:
693:
systems. The differences between these modes of rail transport are often indistinct and a given system may combine multiple features.
10267:
6720:
4876:
1667:
who contacted Pirotsky. This was world's first commercially successful electric tram. It initially drew current from the rails, with
9254:
9056:
2625:
Other new systems, particularly those in large cities which already have well-developed metro and suburban railway systems, such as
10573:
9961:
9366:
8988:
8506:
8204:
6908:
4784:
4027:
before they too bowed out from service in 1978, making it the very last urban steam tram service in the world to go out of service.
3227:
Rail transport can expose neighbouring populations to moderate levels of low-frequency noise. However, transportation planners use
2633:, have started by building isolated suburban lines feeding into railway or metro stations. In Paris these have then been linked by
1599:
carried an electricity generator for 'lighting up the tram and also for driving the engine on steep grades and effecting a start'.
1497:, though significantly reduced in number, continue to perform a regular transportation function, in addition to being a well-known
536:
528:
8791:
8743:
8234:
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before 19 February 1963. The third largest was Chicago, with over 850 km (530 mi) of track, but it was all converted to
9525:
9472:
9340:
8898:
7231:
1513:"). Another system, actually two separate cable lines with a shared power station in the middle, operates from the Welsh town of
11074:
He was to produce the first motor that operated without gears of any sort, having its armature direct-connected to the car axle.
9313:
9228:
9161:
8690:
8663:
3081:
9642:
9109:
8487:
8150:
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1864:
in 1887, and its ring line has grown to be the busiest tram line in Europe, with a tram running every 60 seconds at rush hour.
1016:
582:
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10087:
9420:
7784:
7613:
7450:
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4216:
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at a track switch cuts off power from the tram for a short distance along the line, the tram can use energy stored in a large
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a month. The two sides are back in bargaining, and Bombardier will discuss a revised delivery schedule with the TTC, he said.
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8431:
7766:
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1788:
to people and animals crossing the tracks. Siemens later designed his own version of overhead current collection, called the
1090:
532:
10681:
9498:
8017:
7355:
6567:
2271:
1260:
in the UK) at the head of a line of one or more carriages, similar to a small train. Systems with such steam trams included
12763:
11366:
The Cable Car in America: A New Treatise upon Cable or Rope Traction As Applied to the Working of Street and Other Railways
9992:
9187:
8773:
8384:
7111:
6621:
6221:
5470:, is an Australian film about a tram enthusiast who uses his inventions to pull off a bank heist. There are many scenes of
5435:
5431:
5427:
5370:
5130:
there are plans for a tramway that will connect the comunes of Las Condes, Lo Barnechea y Vitacura. (tranvía de Las Condes)
3337:
1533:
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries a number of systems in various parts of the world employed trams powered by gas,
892:
and, in many countries, as tourist transport to major destinations. The term may also apply to an aerial ropeway, e.g. the
524:
9795:
8340:
8314:
8031:
2565:
Alstom developed the system primarily to avoid intrusive power supply cables in the sensitive area of the old city of old
2432:
but this does not always hold true. Though these two systems differ in their operation, their equipment is much the same.
2168:
1834:
for street cars and railways. While at the University of Denver he conducted important experiments which established that
10241:
9393:
8871:
8845:
8404:
7420:
6497:
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congestion and provide cheap public transportation for Surabaya commuters. In 2014, the project entered the tender phase.
3245:
2811:, just west of Mitcham Station, where the formation is narrowed by an old landslip causing an obstruction. (See photo in
2331:
1966:
Melbourne Tram system in 1979. Melbourne remained the only city to operate a tram network in Australia through the 1970s.
1948:
1028:
11683:). 1995. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn, in conjunction with Light Rail Transit Association, London.
11655:). 1996. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn, in conjunction with Light Rail Transit Association, London.
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9082:
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cannot be lowered by the weight of a cyclist. If not well-maintained, however, these lose their effectiveness over time.
2886:
Tram stops can range from purpose-built, tram-exclusive facilities (left), to simple stops within a public road (right).
2092:
as a source of electricity were made from the 1880s and 1890s, with unsuccessful trials conducted in among other places
1826:
for the driving force. Short pioneered "use of a conduit system of concealed feed" thereby eliminating the necessity of
7524:
6265:
4951:
3955:
8962:
7589:
5274:, with many custom models being made as well. The German firm Hödl and the Austrian Halling specialise in 1:87 scale.
1705:
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and his friend Gottfried von Vittlar steal a tram late at night from outside Unterrath depot on the northern edge of
5055:, a tram line started operating since March 2019 as the main public transportation system in the city. The L1 of the
4966:
4449:
3469:
3098:
1815:
1691:
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5684:
journey, von Vittlar drives the tram through the night, south to Flingern and Haniel and then east to the suburb of
4276:
are rehabilitating, upgrading, expanding and reconstructing their old tramway lines and building new tramway lines.
3304:
continued to be used by many cities, although there were contractions in some countries, including the Netherlands.
2003:
is scheduled to open in April 2019. This will be the first time that there have been trams in Canberra, even though
1167:, survived until 1954. The last horse-drawn tram to be withdrawn from public service in the UK took passengers from
861:, and cognate uses of the word were well established for handcarts and horse drayage, as well as for nautical uses.
12976:
12895:
11941:
9015:
5972:
5874:
tram killed one of the main characters in 1989 and the most recent faked accident involved a tram (modelled on the
5494:
5246:
2720:
1757:
1748:
in that city. The first commercial installation of an electric streetcar in the United States was built in 1884 in
1690:) in 1884, remains in service to this day and is the oldest operating electric tramway in the world. Also in 1883,
1477:
in 2008. The cable car's effectiveness in hilly environments partially explains its continued use in San Francisco.
1415:, New South Wales, Australia; the North Sydney line from 1886 to 1900, and the King Street line from 1892 to 1905.
520:
8179:
7476:
5388:
in 1947. The same play was also made into multiple films (see below), and a ballet in 1993 (see "Ballet" section).
5145:
4747:
and is the first tram/light rail system in the state of Queensland since Brisbane closed its tram network in 1969.
2306:
due to the city's hurricane-prone location, which would result in frequent damage to an electrical supply system.
1077:
106:
94:
9495:"Providing Public Transportation Alternatives for the Greater Phoenix Metro Area – Valley Metro – Press Releases"
8265:
5840:
5421:
5380:
4603:
3689:
3130:. In Berlin the commonly cited figure is that one kilometer of subway costs as much as ten kilometers of tramway.
2440:
Trams were traditionally operated with separate levers for applying power and brakes. More modern vehicles use a
2423:
are used to provide power for most electric trams. Overhead wires are used for both trams and light rail systems.
1892:
1857:
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6482:
6347:
5940:
5928:
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5715:
is nearer now and yellow trains rattle alongside the motor road and over the bridge by the Royal Yacht Club..."
5316:) (standard gauge) in HO scale as in US and Japan, but incorrect in 4 mm (1:76.2) scale, as it represents
4706:
4382:
3934:
The most intensely used networks (passengers per km of, per year) are: Istanbul, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Sarajevo.
3577:
2315:
1494:
1408:
1400:
1374:
1188:
1184:
1063:
1012:
889:
372:
212:
78:
37:
10707:
12580:
11948:
7831:
6367:
5500:
5406:
5150:
4924:
4477:
3637:
2259:
Similar systems were used elsewhere in the past, notably on the Queen Anne Counterbalance in Seattle and the
1979:
1303:(US). The most notable system to adopt such trams was in Paris. French-designed steam trams also operated in
616:
465:
110:
90:
9286:
7896:
7846:
102:
13004:
12966:
11898:
11811:
7166:
C. N. Pyrgidis. Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation. CRC Press, 2016. P. 156
6438:
5900:
3396:
3351:
Map of Melbourne's tram system in 2009 (with proposed extension). The tram system is the largest the world.
3253:
1752:
and operated for a period of one year by the East Cleveland Street Railway Company. Trams were operated in
1745:
1382:
1381:
mechanism, to grab and release the moving cable without damage. The second city to operate cable trams was
1367:
1355:
1008:
10551:
6327:
4492:
3968:
3960:
2630:
1151:, had its Sarah Street line drawn by horses until 1923. The last regular mule-drawn cars in the US ran in
13154:
13050:
12142:
12040:
10629:
10574:"Home HO O N S New Products Price List Miscellaneous Join Email List Dealer Orders Retail Orders Contact"
10499:
10242:"Ayacucho Tram Begins Operation, Metro de Medellin Discuss Further Expansion Plans « Metro Americas"
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9281:
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5410:
4986:
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4378:
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2240:
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1899:; afterwards, this was installed as a commercial venture operating between the outer Melbourne suburb of
1403:, 1885. From its founding to 1940, Melbourne operated one of the largest cable car networks in the world.
1328:
1273:
977:
969:
320:
315:
11322:
100 years of the Belgian vicinal: SNCV/NMVB, 1885–1985: a century of secondary rail transport in Belgium
8920:
3741:
2877:
13014:
12905:
12828:
12813:
11936:
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6129:
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5033:
5016:
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trams in Rio de Jainero were employed on (433 km; 269 mi) of track. The final line, the
3747:
3203:
2603:
2512:
2497:
2015:
1944:
1709:
1675:
1656:
1632:
1036:
575:
367:
133:
67:
26:
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801:
have been adopted by many languages, they are not used universally in English; North Americans prefer
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189:
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6777:
5638:– Why? Mr Bloom asked, turning to Mr Dedalus. Wouldn't it be more decent than galloping two abreast?
4823:
Nevertheless, there had been tramways ranging from large, comprehensive systems to single lines, in
4732:, introduced a tourist tram line in 1996, which uses two replicas of a Melbourne cable car dummy or
4192:
ran in Bangkok from 1888, until it was suspended in 1968. A smaller single-route tram route tram in
3993:(now known as St. Petersburg) with 350 km (220 mi), USSR, and was included as such in the
1628:
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11232:
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on 20 July 2014, with a major extension completed in December 2017. The new system is known as the
4473:
4351:
4295:
4166:
4156:
3649:
3324:
3315:" trams are considered by its inhabitants a "symbol" of the city. The same can be said of trams in
3194:. This is not possible for buses as they deviate too much from an "ideal" track in daily operations
2712:
2303:
2299:
1975:
1474:
1148:
893:
495:
431:
227:
10032:
9727:
9442:
7502:
5685:
5547:, has tram 27 living in the garden, near to Herbie. 27 plays a major part in the plot of the film.
4090:
had tram systems during the 20th century; however, by the end of the century, only the systems in
4069:
3997:; however Saint Petersburg's tram system has declined in size since the fall of the Soviet Union.
3493:
2007:'s 1914-1920 plans for the capital then in the planning stage did propose a Canberra tram system.
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4005:
in 1947: There streetcars ended 31 October 1953 in Minneapolis and 19 June 1954 in St. Paul. The
3589:
3146:
2901:
2619:
2489:
2456:
allowing hands-free operation, particularly when the driver was responsible for fare collection.
2231:, Liang Jianying, said that the company is studying how to reduce the running costs of the tram.
2220:
2196:
1733:
1481:
Cable cars remained especially effective in hilly cities, since their nondriven wheels would not
705:
500:
460:
382:
10228:
7871:
7836:
5766:
5642:
The party on the way to Paddy Dignam's funeral, in James Joyce, Ulysses, Episode 6 ("Hades")
3847:
in 2019. The system was once the world's largest, before it was surpassed by Melbourne's system.
2700:) or where isolated outlying lines have been preserved (as on the eastern fringe of Berlin). In
704:
rails, allowing the trams to haul a greater load for a given effort. Problems included the high
125:
This article is about public transport vehicles running on rails. For other uses of "tram", see
13169:
12733:
12713:
12457:
12452:
12204:
11265:
Bigon, Liora. 2007, "Tracking Ethno-Cultural Differences: The Lagos Steam Tramway (1902–1933)"
7931:
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6159:
6149:
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4768:
The 2010s has also seen a significant expansion of Sydney's network, while the construction of
4756:
4740:
4204:
4200:
4002:
3994:
3896:
Tram and light rail systems operate in 388 cities across the world, 206 of which are in Europe;
3613:
3523:
3499:
3320:
3294:
2496:
to drive the tram past the gap in the power feed. A rather obsolete system for power supply is
2469:
2000:
1992:
1737:
1679:
1607:
1595:
1546:
1152:
1032:
647:
490:
387:
256:
194:
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6847:
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13070:
12885:
12718:
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8292:
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4932:
4868:
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4208:
3705:
2834:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2004:
1877:
1660:
1590:
1389:
1377:, in 1873. Part of its success is attributed to the development of an effective and reliable
1295:
The other style of steam tram had the steam engine in the body of the tram, referred to as a
1071:
568:
505:
126:
7630:
5100:, which will have a route of 12.5 km (7.8 mi) and will link five districts of the
3943:
As of October 2015, Hong Kong has the world's only exclusively double-decker tramway system.
3903:, which runs almost the entire length of the Belgian coast. Another fairly long line is the
2791:
In narrow situations double-track tram lines sometimes reduce to single track, or, to avoid
2752:
to accommodate the various operating environments of the vehicle. They may be embedded into
2326:
In the mid-20th century many tram systems were disbanded, replaced by buses, automobiles or
1015:, in New York City which began service in the year 1832. The New York and Harlem Railroad's
13065:
13030:
12758:
12728:
12683:
12494:
12373:
12087:
12050:
11871:
11714:
11412:
10867:"Southern Cross 'Cavalcade of Transport' mural takes back door to shopping centre progress"
8787:
7382:
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6005:
for residents of the borough. That term, shortened to "Dodger" became the nickname for the
5875:
5790:
5727:
5708:
5282:
4788:
4723:
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4598:
4461:
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3444:
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2776:
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2615:
2445:
2355:
2135:
2054:
1996:
1984:
1542:
1510:
1304:
1144:
989:
510:
11468:
Latin America by Streetcar: A Pictorial Survey of Urban Rail Transport South of the U.S.A.
10942:
8288:
Rails, Roads & Runways: The 20-Year Saga of Santa Clara County's Transportation Agency
8099:
6716:
5621:
Instead of blocking up the thoroughfare, Martin Cunningham said. Quite so. They ought to.
1728:
in 1883, introducing electric trams in 1892. In the US, multiple functioning experimental
1241:
8:
13105:
13085:
12900:
12595:
12474:
12267:
12262:
11958:
11908:
11856:
11428:
11115:
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10522:"Straßenbahnmodelle, Eisenbahnmodelle, Werkzeugbau und Konstruktionsbüro Leopold Halling"
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9251:"UrbanRail.Net > North America > Canada > Ontario > Toronto Streetcar (Tram)"
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in 1909, two armed robbers hijacked a tram and were chased by the police in another tram.
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Virtually all known types of motive power have been utilised at some stage, in Australia.
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was closed in 1968. During a period in the 1980s, the world's largest tram system was in
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re-introduced trams (or light rail) on 31 August 1997. A completely new system, known as
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Moving the masses: urban public transit in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, 1880–1912
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In the 1980s, some cities in the United States brought back streetcars lines, including
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4081:. The city is one of several in China to invest in tram systems in the early 21st centry
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2900:, particularly in private right-of-way sections and where trams are boarded at standard
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operates a hybrid funicular tramway system. Conventional electric trams are operated in
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9665:"Welcome to the Shore Line Interurban Historical Society | Chicago Surface Lines"
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in Melbourne. A model of the "flying tram" (as it was dubbed) is now exhibited at the
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Trams and light rail systems can be cheaper to install than subways or other forms of
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procurement costs for new vehicles. However, other factors such as electrification or
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The first electric tramway in Australia was a Sprague system demonstrated at the 1888
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The Directory of British Tramways: Every Passenger-Carrying Tramway, Past and Present
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tramcar at an assembly facility in Qingdao. The chief engineer of the CSR subsidiary
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that reads "go by streetcar." Trams are typically called streetcars in North America.
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8405:"Musée des Transports Urbains – Histoire – Histoire Générale des Transports Urbains"
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Jeffrey Spivak: Streetcars are back from Landscape Architecture Department, UC Davis
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In 2009 Thomas Haggerty composed and produced 'Tram' generations 1, 2 and 3 for the
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The Moscow tramway figures prominently at the beginning of Mikhail Bulgakov's novel
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Other large transit networks that operate streetcar and light rail systems include:
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for which there is more variation may require costly custom built units regardless.
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Occasionally a modern tramway system may grow from a preserved heritage line, as in
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5632:– O that be damned for a story, Mr Dedalus said. Pullman car and saloon diningroom.
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5405:. An overwhelming majority of his films include rail or tram scenes, in particular
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In North America, these vehicles are called "streetcars" (or "trolleys"); the term
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was the world's largest, with over 1,111 kilometres (690 mi) of track in 1925.
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in Stockholm). Vehicle fabricates from the 1990s and onwards (such as Bombardier's
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The first permanent tram line in continental Europe was opened in Paris in 1855 by
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7138:"Malaysia: first compressed natural gas tram in the world will be ready next year"
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Historically, there have been trams in the following Australian cities and towns:
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was the first (non-heritage) tram network established in North America in decades.
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government in Australia has decided to use the term "light rail" for their trams.
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11769:(British Transport Films, 1953) showing changeover from conduit to overhead power
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Duden-das Herkunftswörterbuch-Etymologie der deutschen Sprache-Mannheim 2001 p859
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Trams feature in the opening titles of the world's longest running TV soap opera
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There are many references to trams in popular culture. Major references include:
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Route patterns vary greatly among the world's tram systems, leading to different
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cartoon of one such accident, in which a bemused tow truck driver quips, "Dang!
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Budapest (172 km or 107 mi), and Vienna (170 km or 110 mi).
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The Convict Tramway was hauled by human power in the form of convicts from the
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was not available. It continued in service in its original form into the 1950s.
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as early as 1828, however the first authenticated streetcar in America, was the
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9617:"Je to nejzatíženější tramvajová křižovatka na světě, hájí DPP opravy v centru"
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8311:"Light Rail Service: Pedestrian and Vehicular Safety | Blurbs | Main"
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2018:, which was widely used in London, Washington, D.C. and New York City, and the
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1712:, c. 1890. Opened in 1883, it is the world's oldest operating electric tramway.
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726:
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11054:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.; London, U.K.: General Electric Company;
9794:. American Public Transportation Association. 30 November 2015. Archived from
8814:
8788:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Austria > WIEN (Vienna) Straßenbahn – Tram"
8408:
7565:
The first electric road : a history of the Box Hill and Doncaster tramway
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One of the earliest literary references to trams occurs on the second page of
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11744:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 159–167.
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10921:"Iconic W-class tram up-ended at Melbourne intersection – in the name of art"
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El tranvía de Puerto Madero, una postal de la desidia que se empezó a demoler
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9158:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Germany > Ludwigshafen Straßenbahn (Tram)"
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A fourth starting point may be a loop in the city centre, sometimes called a
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convict settlement. and was created to replace the hazardous sea voyage from
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was opened in 1883 in Brighton). This two kilometer line along the seafront,
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mural, measuring 7 by 38 metres (23 by 125 ft). It was financed by the
5779:, a song inspired by a picture of a tram in a turn-of-the-century newspaper.
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Another motive system for trams was the cable car, which was pulled along a
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Street railways developed in America before Europe, largely due to the poor
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on high-speed sections. A more ecological solution is to embed tracks into
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1971:
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for tram was not adopted in Europe, the term was later associated with the
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11603:, Band 2: Nordostschweiz, Mittelland, Zentralschweiz, Graubünden, Tessin (
11483:
Electrifying America : social meanings of a new technology, 1880–1940
9010:
o., Dopravní podnik hlavního města Prahy, WDF – Web Design Factory, s. r.
7204:
3679:
3089:. Trams typically have longer service life than internal combustion buses.
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9132:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Germany > Mannheim Straßenbahn (Tram)"
8536:"Технічні показники підприємств міського електричного транспорту України"
7906:
6866:"Sulphur Rock Street Car; Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture"
6534:
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5719:
5604:
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The longest single tram line in the world is the 68 km (42 mi)
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3414:
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1885:
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1773:
by Sprague, electric tram systems were rapidly adopted across the world.
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1223:
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246:
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9778:
SCI/Verkehr, Light Rail Vehicles, Worldwide rail market report, Oct 2003
8300:
was right! The trolley does reduce the number of vehicles on the road!"
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that instead draw power from an underground supply. Conventional diesel
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5749:, protagonist Toru Watanabe takes Tokyo's only surviving tramline, the
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On the morning of 18 August 1901, four masked men, described as "urban
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and gauge up to 30 km across the city. Trams were discontinued in
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common in many early systems. However, most light rail systems are now
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from 1897 to 1929 (cable car 72/73 is the sole survivor of the fleet).
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972:, 1870. Established in 1804, the railway service was the world's first.
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690:
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261:
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8842:"UrbanRail.Net > USA > Dallas Light Rail & Streetcar (DART)"
8815:"UrbanRail.Net > USA > Dallas Light Rail & Streetcar (DART)"
7284:
7282:
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7229:
5115:, a tram line began operation on 15 October 2015, as a revival of old
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to be running in the early 2020s with a possible further extension to
1962:
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Straßenbahnatlas ehem. Sowjetunion / Tramway Atlas of the former USSR
11450:
10298:
9664:
6887:
6717:"The Swansea and Mumbles Railway – the world's first railway service"
6560:"Tram – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
6508:
6352:
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The Neighbourhood Trolley. a model tram that is commonly featured on
5208:
5185:
5093:
5085:, Buenos Aires, operated from 2007 to 2012, and it is now dismantled.
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Produced from 1923 to 1924, the 900 Series tram is still used by the
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Hill In South London. They also worked around "Upper Douglas" in the
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1004:
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generally used to ferry tourists short distances, for example on the
217:
12164:
9012:"dpp.cz > Company Profile – Dopravní podnik hlavního města Prahy"
7758:
Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology, 1880–1940
689:, may have segments that run on mainline railway tracks, similar to
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10464:"10 weird and wonderful derailleurs – and how they changed cycling"
10397:"19 Aug 1901 – A DARING RAID. ROBBERY UNDER ARMS. TRAMCAR STUCK..."
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Paris and Berne (Switzerland) operated trams that were powered by
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was also used in the United States. In the United States, the term
542:
11581:, Band 1: Berner Oberland, Jura, Westschweiz, Genfer See, Wallis (
10703:
7702:"The Rebirth of Trams: The Promise of Light Railway Transit (LRT)"
7089:
5934:
A sculpture of tram 1040, the last numbered of Melbourne's iconic
5891:
is a contemporary visual and performing arts venue located in the
3927:
These lines have 32,345 stops at an average spacing of 484 metres;
2202:
It opened in 1836 and ran for 8 km (5 miles) from Oakwood to
2073:
In some places, other forms of power were used to power the tram.
1849:
in 1908. The city established a network of electric trams in 1894.
1614:
in 2012, but the news about the project appears to have dried up.
964:
755:
12890:
12767:
12605:
12535:
12437:
12277:
12249:
12179:
12169:
12065:
11661:(compiled by Andreas Günter, Sergei Tarknov and Christian Blank;
11407:
Tramways and Trolleys: The Rise of Urban Mass Transport in Europe
10484:
http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/downloads/bellcord/bc-034.pdf
9754:"Bangkok Tram City Night Tour : Bangkok Tourist Attractions"
9079:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Germany > STUTTGART Stadtbahn"
7977:
6502:
6423:
6332:
6184:
6144:
6139:
5896:
5624:
Yes, Mr Bloom said, and another thing I often thought is to have
5263:
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4832:
4736:, driven by a hidden diesel motor, and two restored trailer cars.
4397:
4362:
4193:
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4137:
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Between 1997 and 2014, 400–450 vehicles have been built per year.
2757:
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on city streets, which is known as surface current collection or
2416:
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2116:
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2093:
1781:
1725:
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1419:
1289:
1168:
1085:, 1894. The city saw Australia's first tram service open in 1860.
999:
of the streets in American cities which made them unsuitable for
922:
646:
trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a
10776:
https://www.weblitera.com/book/?id=205&lng=1&ch=1&l=
10496:"Auto-Modellbahn-Welt Hödl Straßenbahn und Oldtimertram Modelle"
9363:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Netherlands > ROTTERDAM Tram"
696:
One of the advantages over earlier forms of transit was the low
615:
along public urban streets; some include segments of segregated
12590:
12585:
12504:
12209:
12035:
11888:
9822:"TTC retiring last of older streetcar fleet vehicles on Sunday"
8571:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Russia> St. Petersburg Tram"
7924:
7910:
7112:"Cieplice lšskie Zdrój is one of the best known Silesian towns"
6955:
Robertson, Andrew (March 1848). "Blackwall Railway Machinery".
6269:
6119:
5712:
5657:
5534:
5526:
is an eight-minute, 2012 Czech short animated film directed by
5401:
was a well-known rail enthusiast with a particular interest in
5096:, a new tramway system is currently on service since 2012, the
5044:
has been operating since 1987 on the outskirts of Buenos Aires.
4944:
4744:
4646:
4429:
4227:
4141:
4119:
4091:
3998:
3162:
3154:
3150:
2868:
2508:
2188:
1988:
1838:
powered cars were a better way to operate trains and trolleys.
1695:
1458:
1412:
1269:
1204:
1059:
1020:
438:
11729:
11512:
World Gazetteer of Tram, Trolleybus, and Rapid Transit Systems
11354:). Wellington: New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society Inc.
10625:
10495:
3187:
Trams can be tourist attractions in ways buses usually aren't.
3101:
compared to similar vehicles that use rubber tyres, since the
1663:
near Berlin in Germany, which opened in 1881. It was built by
1103:
Batavia (now Jakarta), Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia)
12300:
10963:
9848:"TTC's Spadina launch inspires streetcar envy on other lines"
9753:
9443:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > France > Montpellier Tram"
6342:
6247:
6238:
5600:
5445:(1959), has a lead character, Orfeu, who is a tram driver on
5188:, just past Power Street. For their trouble the men received
5127:
4958:
4940:
4558:
4087:
2101:
1635:
in 1882. Early electric trams operated by the company lacked
1578:
1281:
1277:
1101:
on 8 January 1863. The first trams in Asia opened in 1869 in
981:
701:
337:
300:
11669:). 2004. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn.
8985:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Romania > BUCHAREST Tram"
8231:"Trams/Light Rail – Road Safety Authority Rules of the Road"
7421:"Sarajevo Official Web Site : Sarajevo through history"
7037:
6848:"The Cable Car Home Page – Miscellaneous Newspaper Articles"
4816:
New Zealand's last public transport tramway system, that of
4759:. The development of light rail became a major issue in the
4125:
The first Japanese tram line was inaugurated in 1895 as the
2721:
line linking Hasselt (Belgium) with Maastricht (Netherlands)
2614:
by a section of street track through the city centre, as in
2484:
has become a recent innovation. Another new technology uses
2123:
and has been running since 2014. More recently in 2019, the
1541:
in particular. Gas trams are known to have operated between
760:("beam, handle of a barrow, bar, rung"). The identical word
12665:
12620:
12234:
10651:
10548:"Marktübersicht – Straßenbahnen – Straßenbahnfreunde Hemer"
8361:
8337:"Wheel/Rail Noise Control Manual | Blurbs | Main"
7907:"Port Arthur Historic Sites Statutory Management Plan 2008"
7664:
The Rebirth of Trams from the JFS Newsletter, December 2007
6302:
6253:
5994:
featured the "Toonerville Trolley that met all the trains".
5592:
Joseph Conrad described Amsterdam's trams in chapter 14 of
5267:
4787:
on 25 December 2014, The railway line was replaced by the
4385:. Since December 29, 2019, the system exclusively uses the
4106:
has an exclusive fleet of double-decker trams. As of 2019,
3375:)) networks in the world by route length (as of 2016) are:
1907:
from 1889 to 1896. As well, electric systems were built in
1881:
1823:
1814:
that operated a streetcar without gears. The motor had its
913:(particularly in the northeastern US), or sometimes simply
98:
10033:"Results – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"
9993:"Return of the (modern) streetcar: Portland leads the way"
7677:"Tokyo in Transit: Japanese Culture on the Rails and Road"
6064:
5294:) gauge track, which is correct for the representation of
4889:
of 2011. In November 2013, a limited circuit was reopened.
3980:
and bus services by 21 June 1958. Before its decline, the
2795:, have the tracks interlaced, e.g. in the Leidsestraat in
56:
to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
11819:
10943:"Model - Flying Tram, Melbourne Commonwealth Games, 2005"
10603:
10521:
10371:"Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot: Melbourne's horse trams"
9962:"Next-generation streetcars arrive in Toronto for trials"
7301:
7299:
7297:
6935:"Cinquant'anni fa Milano diceva addio al "Gamba de legn""
5844:
5692:
5462:, the villain, dismantling the streetcars of Los Angeles.
2765:
2464:
Electric trams use various devices to collect power from
869:
829:. A widely held belief holds the word to derive from the
821:. When electrification came, Americans began to speak of
8176:"Why are trams different from buses from Trams for Bath"
7782:
Thomas Davenport from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
4369:
in terms of track length and ridership. Operated by the
1264:, New Zealand; Sydney, Australia; other city systems in
619:. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called
146:
8018:"China Presents the World's First Hydrogen-Fueled Tram"
7614:
Light rail in Newcastle opening from Monday 18 February
6788:
6786:
6759:
5997:
The predominance of trams (trolleys) in the borough of
4739:
A completely new public transport system opened on the
4460:
the first to come on line and construction underway in
4365:
currently operates the largest streetcar system in the
4199:
Other countries with discontinued tram systems include
1388:
The most extensive cable system in the US was built in
1195:. New horse-drawn systems have been established at the
872:
decorated to look like streetcars are sometimes called
11289:
Tramways and Light Railways of Switzerland and Austria
9876:
8959:"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Poland > Łódź Tram"
7294:
6858:
6595:
A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700)
5149:
The tram being raised from the river, a day after the
4722:
Sydney reintroduced tram services in 1997 on a modern
4709:. These ranged from extensive systems to single lines.
4226:
However, a tram system is planned for construction in
1740:, but they were not deemed good enough to replace the
817:
is first recorded in 1840, and originally referred to
10825:
Chapter 38, p. 198 of the Companion Book Club edition
10800:
10788:
Die letzte Straßenbahn oder Anbetung eines Weckglases
10213:"Mendoza light rail service begins" (December 2012).
9689:
London Passenger Transport Board: Annual Report, 1938
8530:
8528:
8526:
8524:
7401:
7319:"Professor Sidney Howe Short experiments with motors"
3173:, while those that can use subway tunnels are called
2034:
in the UK (the Dolter stud system), and currently in
10268:"Medellín: Ayacucho tram will begin service in 2015"
8719:(in Italian). Azienda Trasporti Milanesi S.p.A. 2017
8032:"China Develops World's First Hydrogen-Powered Tram"
7973:"Taranna - Tiny township on the road to Port Arthur"
7447:"City of Belgrade – Important Years in City History"
6798:
6783:
6747:
6735:
6046:
3331:
2719:(From France into Germany). It is planned to open a
9959:
9819:
9390:"UrbanRail.Net > USA > Sacramento Light Rail"
6001:in New York City gave rise to the disparaging term
5517:
a mentally ill boy pretends to be a tram conductor.
5482:trams, and (at the end of the film) scenes showing
2807:. There is a UK example of interlaced track on the
1856:built a citywide system of electric trams in 1895.
677:
Trams are now commonly included in the wider term "
638:Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than
11332:). Broxbourne, UK: Light Rail Transit Association.
10989:
10964:"TRAM EM - English | Tramdriver Championship"
10299:"The trams and trolleybuses of Medellín, Colombia"
9916:
9839:
8521:
8455:"Toronto rides new streetcars to its urban future"
7325:. Fort Worth, Texas. 11 November 1894 – via
7232:"Milestones in U.S. Public Transportation History"
6646:Urban Mass Transit: The Life Story of a Technology
4954:have made cameo appearances during Heritage Weeks.
4396:Streetcars once existed in the Canadian cities of
3105:of steel on steel is lower than rubber on asphalt.
1327:rather than coal as fuel to avoid emitting smoke;
1175:Horse-drawn trams still operate on the 1876-built
1089:The first tram in South America opened in 1858 in
976:The world's first passenger train or tram was the
884:has instead been applied to open-sided, low-speed
11383:(No ISBN). Johannesburg: published by the author.
10001:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd.
7879:"Local History - History of the Tasman Peninsula"
6454:List of tram systems by gauge and electrification
2825:List of tram systems by gauge and electrification
2523:; the main example of this is the new tramway in
1974:, connecting Adelaide to the beachside suburb of
1643:The world's first electric tram line operated in
1624:List of tram systems by gauge and electrification
1373:The first practical cable car line was tested in
1315:, Sweden, had a steam tram line at the island of
1093:. The first trams in Australia opened in 1860 in
1027:in New York City. It was followed in 1835 by the
766:with the meaning "crossbeam" is also used in the
13141:
11376:). Stanford (CA), US: Stanford University Press.
11114:
10059:"Thanks for joining us to launch the Light Rail"
9882:
7288:
7184:
5660:trams figure extensively in the early stages of
2711:Tram systems operate across national borders in
132:"Streetcar" redirects here. For other uses, see
11673:Tramway & Light Railway Atlas: Germany 1996
10728:Patrick McGilligan, 2003. Buckley, R. J. 1984.
10576:. Bowser-trains.com. 1 May 1961. Archived from
10354:Isaac Nathan: the Biographical Puzzle: Part One
7386:. Topeka, Kansas. 14 November 1894 – via
6879:
6478:Rail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
5878:) careering off a viaduct into the set in 2009.
4487:
3914:Since 1985, 120 light rail systems have opened;
2715:(from Switzerland into France and Germany) and
635:, which are unrelated to other kinds of trams.
84:(clean up, replaced: 5 billion → 5 billion (3))
49:(clean up, replaced: 5 billion → 5 billion (3))
11703:British & Irish Tramway Systems since 1945
10730:Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light
10550:. Strassenbahnfreunde-hemer.de. Archived from
10360:, Volume XXIII Part 4, June 2018, AJHS Sydney.
9845:
9789:"Transit Ridership Report: Third Quarter 2015"
9469:"Tramway – Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole"
8474:
8472:
8255:
7527:. Ljubljanski potniški promet . Archived from
7499:"RATB – Regia Autonoma de Transport Bucureşti"
7062:. Markthefitter.blogspot.com. 17 November 2008
6642:
5281:is a mass supplier of HO streetcars and kits.
4794:There are also loose plans for new systems in
4611:in 1889 with horse-drawn trams on the roadway.
4147:The Northern and Central areas of the City of
2904:, as opposed to using steps at the doorway or
2756:for street-running operation, or use standard
2223:(CSR) demonstrated the world's first hydrogen
1159:issued in 1983. The last mule tram service in
58:
11788:
11485:, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts c1990.
10740:). Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
10207:
9565:International Association of Public Transport
7930:
7567:. East Brighton, Victoria: John Mason Press.
6977:. Ulysses Press. 18 April 2016. p. 179.
2338:in London), or kept in heritage use (such as
1210:, first built in 1902, was reopened in 2012.
735:, referring respectively to a type of truck (
576:
11701:Waller, Michael H., and Peter Walker. 1992.
11572:). 1998. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
11558:). 1993. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
11544:). 1987. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
11051:Men and volts; the story of General Electric
10358:Australian Jewish Historical Society Journal
9984:
9781:
9036:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8199:
8197:
7754:
7259:"Nashville now and then: From here to there"
7230:American Public Transportation Association.
6901:
5635:– A poor lookout for Corny , Mr Power added.
5059:is 20.4 km long with 20 stops and uses
2530:
2468:. The most common device found today is the
2100:in Australia, and for about 14 years as The
1729:
1720:, brother of the famous mining entrepreneur
1588:On 29 December 1886 the Melbourne newspaper
1428:Eugen Langen one-railed floating tram system
761:
712:
11436:"The Tramways of Brazil: A 130-Year Survey"
11361:(No ISBN). Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
11344:Cane Train: The Sugar-Cane Railways of Fiji
11192:. Vol. 17. London, UK; New York, USA:
8868:"Dallas M-Line (McKinney Avenue Streetcar)"
8469:
7423:. Sarajevo.ba. 29 June 1914. Archived from
7352:Grace's Guide to British Industrial History
7311:
7207:. Fylde Tramway Society. 3 September 2004.
6810:
6444:List of tram and light rail transit systems
3250:List of tram and light rail transit systems
2014:Two rare but significant alternatives were
1903:and the then tourist-oriented country town
1248:The first mechanical trams were powered by
857:, meaning "roll" and probably derived from
853:. "Trolley" and variants refer to the verb
747:and the tracks on which they ran. The word
730:
11795:
11781:
9545:
9543:
7553:. AS Oslo Sporveier, Oslo 1975, pp. 49-50.
7370:
7026:– via National Library of Australia.
6957:The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal
6885:
6649:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 43.
5839:features a trolley (tram). It is shown on
1430:started operating. Cable cars operated on
1135:Horse-drawn trams continued to be used in
583:
569:
11641:). Wellington: Grantham House Publishing.
11626:). Wellington: Grantham House Publishing.
11174:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
9960:National Post Staff (27 September 2012).
9922:
8597:"Köln (Cologne) Underground Tram Network"
8394:. Retrieved 10 February 2009. ucdavis.edu
8207:. Bv.com.au. 14 July 2004. Archived from
8194:
8144:"Special Report 257: Making Transit Work"
8100:Allez le Tram from Railway-Technology.com
6954:
6927:
6698:, p. 60. Milwaukee: Kalmbach Publishing.
5971:In 1995, an opera derived from the drama
5913:Spencer Street railway station, Melbourne
4132:In India, trams are in operation only in
4122:have new tram systems under construction.
2779:designed for tramway or railway track in
2452:had also seen trams use automobile-style
2199:oversaw the construction of the tramway.
1323:smoke or steam. Usually the engines used
1097:. Africa's first tram service started in
631:has sometimes been used for rubber-tired
10461:
9820:Canadian Post Staff (29 December 2019).
8205:"Crossing tram tracks – Bicycle Network"
8005:Australian Railway Atlas: No.1 -Tasmania
7018:. Melbourne. 29 December 1886. p. 5
6016:featured at the opening ceremony of the
5817:
5765:
5672:). In the last chapter the novel's hero
5360:
5245:
5153:that saw it fall off an open drawbridge.
5144:
5011:
4750:
4602:
4491:
4289:
4255:
4234:where construction started in late 2011.
4068:
3954:
3838:
3346:
3319:in general, but particularly the iconic
3257:
3202:
3080:
2736:
2540:
2415:
2270:
2167:
2048:
1961:
1840:
1704:
1627:
1573:in Poland (from 1897); and in the UK at
1468:
1394:
1349:
1227:
1155:, until 1926 and were commemorated by a
1130:
1076:
963:
780:
145:
47:
11530:). 1980. Exeter, UK: Quail Map Company.
11121:A Popular History of American Invention
11047:
10130:New Zealand used the following gauges:
9540:
8453:Hume, Christopher (14 September 2015).
8442:from the original on 15 September 2015.
8077:. Facstaff.bucknell.edu. Archived from
7305:
6681:from the original on 12 September 2015.
5420:There have been three film versions of
5019:is a tram network that has operated in
4298:is the largest streetcar system in the
2354:with features such as articulation and
2111:in the Netherlands. The first trams in
1553:, Australia (1886–1888); in Berlin and
1501:. A single cable line also survives in
65:
14:
13142:
11727:
11243:(No ISBN). Lyon: Editions Omni-Presse.
11182:
10987:
10333:of 25 March 1864 reported from Sydney:
9990:
9600:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
9208:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
8643:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
8465:from the original on 9 September 2014.
8429:
8007:, Quail Map Company, Exeter U.K., 2004
7407:
7265:from the original on 28 September 2007
6804:
6792:
6765:
6753:
6741:
5180:", held up an eastbound horse tram in
4993:Whangarei Steam and Model Railway Club
4310:is more likely to be understood as an
4196:was also suspended in the early 1960s.
4042:List of town tramway systems in Africa
2833:has had considerable variations, with
2444:-style controller which incorporate a
2068:
1888:, starting operation on 2 March 1894.
1800:and for two months of the winter when
1716:Earliest tram system in Canada was by
66:Revision as of 15:50, 11 June 2020 by
11776:
11616:When Trams Were Trumps in New Zealand
11246:Bett, W. C., and J. C. Gillam. 1962.
11116:Kaempffert, Waldemar Bernhard, Editor
10877:from the original on 16 October 2015.
10855:from the original on 20 January 2008.
10704:"Tramway & Light Railway Society"
10658:from the original on 22 February 2015
10652:"East Penn Traction Club – Home Page"
10502:from the original on 22 February 2015
10278:from the original on 4 September 2015
10248:from the original on 25 February 2017
9925:"New TTC streetcars make their debut"
9900:from the original on 9 September 2014
9614:
9475:from the original on 19 December 2016
9449:from the original on 23 February 2017
9018:from the original on 19 February 2017
8776:from the original on 8 February 2017.
8577:from the original on 23 February 2017
7562:
7340:
5794:received an Academy Award nomination.
5348:
5218:(pen name Vélocio), godfather of the
4381:and its articulated counterpart, the
4272:tram systems in the world are found.
4237:Trams are also under construction in
3562:Portland metropolitan area light rail
3273: Countries without tram networks
3137:alignments some examples include the
2321:
2286:and some other tramways, for example
1978:, and tourist trams in the Victorian
1744:fireless engines then propelling the
1288:("Peg-Leg") tramway ran on the Milan-
1011:developed by the Irish coach builder
770:. Etymologists believe that the word
44:
25:
11802:
11386:King, B. R., and J. H. Price. 1995.
11342:Dyer, Peter, and Peter Hodge. 1988.
10807:from the original on 6 November 2015
10336:Mr. Nathan was a passenger by No. 2
10309:from the original on 8 December 2015
10296:
9972:from the original on 30 January 2013
9396:from the original on 2 February 2017
9387:
9257:from the original on 1 December 2016
9231:from the original on 30 October 2016
9112:from the original on 25 October 2016
8839:
8812:
8794:from the original on 21 January 2017
8715:[ATM Mobility Charter 2017]
8607:from the original on 18 August 2016.
8452:
8432:"Streetcars are our neglected stars"
8430:Keenan, Edward (14 September 2015).
7813:from the original on 14 January 2018
7587:
7453:from the original on 11 January 2015
7104:
6888:"The Indomitable Tramways of Celaya"
3858:
3536:(125.32 km; 77.87 mi)
3338:List of largest town tramway systems
3302:trams in parts of continental Europe
2175:were human-powered tramways used in
1505:, New Zealand (rebuilt in 1979 as a
1453:costs, since an expensive system of
17:
10303:Electric Transport in Latin America
10121:Transport for NSW 26 December 2014.
10088:Last train leaves Newcastle station
9846:Tess Kalinoski (8 September 2014).
9423:from the original on 20 August 2017
9343:from the original on 18 August 2017
8746:from the original on 20 August 2017
8693:from the original on 20 August 2017
8233:. Rulesoftheroad.ie. Archived from
8132:from the original on 31 March 2015.
6597:. Dictionary of the Scots Language.
6498:Tram and light rail transit systems
5736:with his faithful coach, Henrietta.
4957:Heritage lines exist at Auckland's
4263:is the largest tram network in the
3911:, with its 42 km (26 mi).
3720:(72.83 km; 45.25 mi)
3586:(99.52 km; 61.84 mi)
3429:(181.8 km; 113.0 mi)
3417:(191.6 km; 119.1 mi)
3411:(194.8 km; 121.0 mi)
3399:(205.5 km; 127.7 mi)
3246:Tram and light rail transit systems
3133:Tramways can take advantage of old
2332:General Motors streetcar conspiracy
1999:opened in February 2019, while the
1784:that could be used, and delivering
1385:in New Zealand, from 1881 to 1957.
1292:-Castano Primo route in late 1957.
1029:New Orleans and Carrollton Railroad
119:
88:
12967:Transit-oriented development (TOD)
11381:Tramway Systems of Southern Africa
11040:
10901:from the original on 16 April 2015
10632:from the original on 13 March 2015
9734:from the original on 19 March 2017
9707:from the original on 6 August 2017
9645:from the original on 6 August 2017
9615:Bereň, Michael (4 November 2018).
9528:from the original on 19 March 2017
9059:from the original on 19 March 2017
8991:from the original on 23 March 2017
8874:from the original on 10 March 2017
8848:from the original on 13 March 2017
8821:from the original on 13 March 2017
8509:from the original on 25 April 2017
8156:from the original on 8 August 2017
7803:"Battery trams running in Nanjing"
7449:. Beograd.org.rs. 5 October 2000.
7358:from the original on 12 March 2017
7144:. 22 February 2011. Archived from
7038:"Australian Timetable Association"
6570:from the original on 9 April 2015.
6505:- European Tramdriver Championship
6377:
5579:Henry James, The Europeans, Page 2
5368:in the trailer for the 1951 film,
5222:was killed by a tram in St Étienne
5066:A historic tram line known as the
4950:Preserved Auckland trams from the
3973:
3832:(52.2 km; 32.4 mi).
3822:(53.5 km; 33.2 mi)
3580:(103.4 km; 64.2 mi)
3574:(104.9 km; 65.2 mi)
3568:(108.2 km; 67.2 mi)
3558:(114.6 km; 71.2 mi)
3552:(116.3 km; 72.3 mi)
3542:(124.5 km; 77.4 mi)
3526:(133.1 km; 82.7 mi)
3508:(142.4 km; 88.5 mi)
3490:(147.1 km; 91.4 mi)
3484:(148.3 km; 92.1 mi)
3478:(153.6 km; 95.4 mi)
3342:
3267: Countries with tram networks
2924:Trams on order as at February 2017
2803:); this is known as interlaced or
2553:with powered and neutral sections.
1880:in 1901 – it closed in 1958.
1163:ended in 1932, and a mule tram in
886:segmented vehicles on rubber tires
880:). Furthering confusion, the term
120:
13181:
11721:
11359:Europe's Greatest Tramway Network
11124:. Vol. 1. London; New York:
10710:from the original on 2 April 2015
10684:from the original on 2 March 2015
10678:"A Warm Welcome to Trolleyville!"
10528:from the original on 2 April 2015
10377:from the original on 1 March 2015
10039:from the original on 9 March 2017
9760:from the original on 5 March 2015
9725:
9698:
9671:from the original on 2 April 2015
9636:
9582:from the original on 4 March 2016
9519:
9414:
9369:from the original on 4 April 2017
9334:
9307:
9222:
9190:from the original on 15 July 2012
9138:from the original on 2 March 2017
9103:
9085:from the original on 2 March 2017
9050:
8965:from the original on 1 March 2017
8892:
8737:
8684:
8657:
8500:
7616:Transport for NSW 3 February 2019
7479:from the original on 2 March 2015
7211:from the original on 17 July 2011
6723:from the original on 26 June 2007
5923:state government, and painted by
5853:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
5625:
5235:
5203:On 7 June 1926 Catalan architect
4155:had an electric Tram Car system (
4077:, whose line forms a part of the
3826:(52.4 km; 32.6 mi)
3816:(55.6 km; 34.5 mi)
3810:(59.8 km; 37.2 mi)
3792:(62.8 km; 39.0 mi)
3786:(65.6 km; 40.8 mi)
3780:(65.7 km; 40.8 mi)
3774:(65.7 km; 40.8 mi)
3768:(65.7 km; 40.8 mi)
3762:(66.3 km; 41.2 mi)
3756:(67.9 km; 42.2 mi)
3732:(70.4 km; 43.7 mi)
3726:(71.5 km; 44.4 mi)
3714:(73.5 km; 45.7 mi)
3658:(80.5 km; 50.0 mi)
3622:(86.1 km; 53.5 mi)
3616:(87.6 km; 54.4 mi)
3610:(87.8 km; 54.6 mi)
3604:(92.5 km; 57.5 mi)
3598:(93.3 km; 58.0 mi)
3355:The largest tram ((classic tram,
3332:Major tram and light rail systems
3149:. Other examples can be found in
2748:Tramway track can have different
2694:tramways vicinaux/buurtspoorwegen
2141:
1872:ran a regular service from 1894.
1655:in 1880. The second line was the
1651:, Russia, invented and tested by
1639:, drawing current from the rails.
1272:, Germany (from August 1883 on),
52:. The present address (URL) is a
13123:
12977:Transportation demand management
11633:(revised and enlarged edition) (
11452:The Tramways of Chile: 1858–1978
11339:Great Britain: Paul Hamlyn Ltd.
11317:(Harvard University Press, 1980)
11048:Hammond, John Winthrop (2011) .
10956:
10935:
10913:
10881:
10859:
10837:
10828:
10819:
10793:
10780:
10769:
10760:
10743:
10722:
10696:
10670:
10644:
10618:
10600:"St.-Petersburg Tram Collection"
10592:
10566:
10540:
10524:. Halling.at. 25 February 2015.
10514:
10488:
10477:
10473:– via www.theguardian.com.
10455:
10433:
10411:
10389:
10363:
10346:
10321:
10290:
10260:
10234:
10191:
10124:
10105:
10081:
10051:
10025:
9953:
9813:
9772:
9746:
9719:
9692:
9683:
9657:
9630:
9608:
9554:
9550:https://www.dpp.cz/dpp-v-datech/
9513:
9487:
9461:
9435:
9408:
9381:
9355:
9328:
9316:from the original on 6 July 2017
9301:
9269:
9243:
9216:
9176:
9164:from the original on 19 May 2017
9150:
9124:
9097:
9071:
9044:
9003:
8977:
8951:
8913:
8901:from the original on 6 July 2017
8886:
8860:
8833:
8806:
8780:
8758:
8666:from the original on 6 July 2017
8490:from the original on 5 May 2016.
8343:from the original on 1 June 2008
8317:from the original on 1 June 2008
8256:Andrew Heasley (29 April 2004).
8182:from the original on 8 June 2013
7473:"Trams of Hungary and much more"
7391:
7330:
7256:
7193:. Hearst Magazines. p. 750.
7060:"mark the fitter: November 2008"
6624:from the original on 10 May 2015
6063:
6049:
6034:which politically forms part of
5915:from 1978 to 2005 was the giant
5899:. Based in the former Coplawill
5007:
4985:in Christchurch, as well as the
4279:
3863:
3548:(121 km; 75 mi),
3453:(170 km; 110 mi).
3262:Tram networks around the world:
3198:
2911:
2876:
2867:
2503:The old tram systems in London,
1810:designed and produced the first
1758:Richmond Union Passenger Railway
552:
177:
139:
122:Vehicle used for tramway traffic
11308:Trolley Through the Countryside
11267:Journal of Historical Geography
11118:; Martin, T. Comerford (1924).
10981:
8731:
8713:"Carta della mobilità ATM 2017"
8705:
8678:
8651:
8611:
8589:
8563:
8494:
8446:
8423:
8397:
8378:
8366:
8355:
8329:
8303:
8280:
8249:
8223:
8168:
8136:
8118:
8105:
8093:
8075:"An Introduction To Capacitors"
8067:
8050:"Portland Tram – Google Search"
8042:
8024:
8010:
7997:
7965:
7825:
7794:
7775:
7748:
7729:
7694:
7669:
7657:
7645:
7619:
7607:
7581:
7556:
7551:Sporveier i Oslo gjennom 100 år
7543:
7517:
7491:
7465:
7439:
7413:
7250:
7223:
7197:
7178:
7169:
7160:
7130:
7074:
7052:
7040:. austta.org.au. 10 August 2012
7030:
7002:
6991:
6967:
6963:. New York: Wiley & Putnam.
6948:
6840:
6771:
6709:
6411:
5862:, set in a fictional suburb of
5841:National Educational Television
5541:named Herbie. The second film,
4779:The railway into the centre of
3692:(75.42 km (46.86 mi))
3447:(171 km; 106 mi)
3441:(172 km; 107 mi)
3435:(172 km; 107 mi)
3423:(183 km; 114 mi)
3405:(197 km; 122 mi)
3388:(230 km; 140 mi)
3382:(256 km; 159 mi)
3291:street railways with streetcars
2472:, while some older systems use
2459:
2275:The only petrol-driven tram of
1893:Melbourne Centennial Exhibition
1422:, Germany, in 1901 an elevated
1407:From 1885 to 1940, the city of
1339:
968:A horse-drawn tram operated by
833:(said to derive from the words
11766:The Elephant Will Never Forget
11757:New International Encyclopedia
11400:Light Rail Transit Association
11310:(No ISBN). Denver: Sage Books.
11301:Light Rail Transit Association
11260:Light Railway Transport League
11248:Great British Tramway Networks
10462:Sweatman, Mike (7 June 2018).
9991:Taplin, M. R. (October 2001).
9009:
7800:
7652:Kyoto Tram from Kyoto City Web
7010:"WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1886"
6685:
6663:
6636:
6610:
6601:
6583:
6574:
6552:
6527:
6483:Railway electrification system
6348:US Standard Light Rail Vehicle
6009:(now the Los Angeles Dodgers).
5941:Southern Cross railway station
5929:Southern Cross railway station
5882:
4810:
4772:became the major issue of the
4383:Articulated Light Rail Vehicle
3845:Saint Petersburg's tram system
3704:(75 km; 47 mi)
3670:(79 km; n49 mi)
3520:(134 km; 83 mi)
3514:(138 km; 86 mi)
3502:(143 km; 89 mi)
3496:(145 km; 90 mi)
3472:(155 km; 96 mi)
2818:
2799:on three short stretches (see
2318:and now beautifully restored.
2316:Melbourne cable tramway system
2266:
2157:
1449:Cable cars suffered from high
1401:cable car service in Melbourne
1035:, which still operates as the
953:
890:Universal Studios backlot tour
685:systems. Some trams, known as
13:
1:
11949:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit
11507:). Krefeld: Röhr Verlag GMBH.
11284:). Sydney: Dreamweaver Books.
10834:p. 84, Vintage Books edition.
10751:Illusion Travels by Streetcar
10602:. Sptc.spb.ru. Archived from
9728:"Minneapolis – St. Paul 1947"
9626:– via prazsky.denik.cz.
8264:.drive.com.au. Archived from
8102:. Retrieved 15 February 2009.
7832:de:Druckluftstrassenbahn Bern
7791:. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
7666:. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
7654:. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
7185:Hearst Magazines (May 1929).
6780:. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
6671:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
6618:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
6520:
6077:
5813:
5551:
5501:Illusion Travels by Streetcar
5452:The central plot of the film
4478:Whitehorse Waterfront Trolley
4377:, the PCC streetcar, and the
3950:
3854:
3836:This list is not exhaustive.
3804:(60 km; 37 mi)
3798:(62 km; 39 mi)
3750:(68 km; 42 mi)
3744:(69 km; 43 mi)
3738:(70 km; 43 mi)
3708:(74 km; 46 mi)
3698:(75 km; 47 mi)
3682:(76 km; 47 mi)
3676:(76 km; 47 mi)
3664:(79 km; 49 mi)
3652:(83 km; 52 mi)
3646:(84 km; 52 mi)
3640:(84 km; 52 mi)
3634:(84 km; 52 mi)
3628:(86 km; 53 mi)
3592:(95 km; 59 mi)
3076:
2892:Tram stops may be similar to
1307:, in the Australian state of
899:Although the use of the term
368:Passenger traffic terminology
13005:Passenger information system
11713:). Shepperton (Surrey), UK:
11631:The End of the Penny Section
11497:Tram & Trolley in Africa
11357:Gragt, Frits van der. 1968.
10373:. Hawthorntramdepot.org.au.
10216:Tramways & Urban Transit
9998:Tramways & Urban Transit
9923:Kim Brown (31 August 2014).
8407:. Amtuir.org. Archived from
8375:No. 956, August 2017, p. 301
7289:Kaempffert & Martin 1924
6439:List of town tramway systems
5901:Glasgow Corporation Tramways
5474:trams, as well as models of
5158:In January 1864, well-known
5134:
4987:Christchurch Tramway Limited
4615:
4488:The United States of America
4012:
3254:List of town tramway systems
3239:
2919:The main manufacturers are:
2852:
2411:
2386:Drop-centre (or drop-center)
2290:in Sweden and some lines in
2221:China South Rail Corporation
1746:St. Charles Avenue Streetcar
1692:Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram
1594:reprinted a report from the
1368:London and Blackwall Railway
1199:Museum in Japan and also in
1009:New York and Harlem Railroad
7:
12143:Demand-responsive transport
12041:Medium-capacity rail system
11611:). Aachen: Schweers + Wall.
11589:). Aachen: Schweers + Wall.
11337:Buses, Trolleys & Trams
11058:; Literary Licensing, LLC.
10992:Buses, Trolleys & Trams
10766:pp. 94–5 of Penguin edition
10441:"Biography of Antoni Gaudi"
8115:no. 952, April 2017, 0. 131
7378:"Street Railways his hobby"
6818:"Transportation Technology"
6400:Streetcars in North America
6042:
5836:Mister Rogers' Neighborhood
5825:Mister Rogers' Neighborhood
5537:films are a series about a
5495:La Ilusión viaja en tranvía
5258:Model trams are popular in
5211:tram and subsequently died.
4899:routes were announced from
4761:2016 ACT general elections.
4466:High Level Bridge Streetcar
4379:Canadian Light Rail Vehicle
4286:Streetcars in North America
3706:St. Louis Metropolitan Area
3686:Salt Lake Valley light rail
2435:
2279:, on line 19, in the 1920s.
2214:
1732:were exhibited at the 1884
1617:
1549:in the northern suburbs of
1147:until its closure in 1917.
978:Swansea and Mumbles Railway
970:Swansea and Mumbles Railway
917:(in the UK, as well as the
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
13186:
12906:Public transport timetable
11937:Passenger rail terminology
11601:Schmalspurparadies Schweiz
11579:Schmalspurparadies Schweiz
11056:J. B. Lippincott & Co.
10889:"David Ball : Resume"
8943:: CS1 maint: url-status (
8555:: CS1 maint: url-status (
8373:Tramways and Urban Transit
8313:. Trb.org. 30 March 2014.
8113:Tramways and Urban Transit
7721:: CS1 maint: url-status (
7588:Division, Infrastructure.
6778:The John Stephenson Car Co
6363:Zwevend Geleed Tramrijtuig
6032:Lee County, North Carolina
5833:The US children's TV show
5773:and the chorus performing
5239:
5138:
4979:Tramway Historical Society
4804:Sunshine Coast, Queensland
4592:
4588:
4371:Toronto Transit Commission
4283:
4249:
4181:is also currently planned.
4056:
4050:
4039:
3335:
3311:In Milan, Italy, the old "
3243:
2856:
2822:
2730:
2534:
2513:Conduit current collection
2498:conduit current collection
2365:
2161:
2076:
2020:surface contact collection
2016:conduit current collection
1764:. Sprague later developed
1657:Gross-Lichterfelde tramway
1621:
1585:, Manchester (1897–1908).
1343:
1240:, pulling a train through
1217:
1037:St. Charles Streetcar Line
957:
943:
939:
654:; older systems may use a
134:Streetcar (disambiguation)
131:
124:
13119:
13023:
12990:
12937:Green transport hierarchy
12919:
12873:
12837:
12796:
12674:Automated fare collection
12659:
12528:
12428:
12394:
12334:
12286:
12248:
12111:
11927:
11810:
11659:Straßenbahnatlas Rumänien
11478:). New York: Bonde Press.
11463:). New York: Bonde Press.
11446:). New York: Bonde Press.
11335:Dunbar, Charles S. 1967.
11306:Chandler, Allison. 1963.
11274:The Tramways of Australia
10988:Dunbar, Chas. S. (1967).
10421:. www.londonremembers.com
8262:The Sydney Morning Herald
8258:"Slippery issue on track"
7852:The Sydney Morning Herald
7761:. MIT Press. p. 86.
7745:, "The transport politic"
7501:. Ratb.ro. Archived from
6909:"1876 – 1964 (Überblick)"
6459:List of transport museums
6328:Tramway Français Standard
5990:comic strip (1908–55) by
5947:
5700:An Expensive Place to Die
5250:A model of a town with a
4963:Wellington Tramway Museum
4391:Bombardier Transportation
4357:
4245:
4035:
3872:This section needs to be
3118:Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe
3071:
2537:Ground-level power supply
2531:Ground-level power supply
2521:ground-level power supply
2482:Ground-level power supply
2361:
2234:
2121:Nanjing battery Tram line
2040:ground-level power supply
1884:had the first tramway in
1671:being installed in 1883.
1606:A tram system powered by
1177:Douglas Bay Horse Tramway
849:is, however, most likely
713:Etymology and terminology
481:List of high-speed trains
12972:Transportation authority
11698:). Somerset, UK: Haynes.
11562:Part Four, North America
11388:The Tramways of Portugal
11364:Hilton, George W. 1997.
10894:. Davidmitchelbell.com.
10176:3 ft 6 in
10117:26 December 2014 at the
10093:25 December 2014 at the
8390:25 February 2009 at the
7323:Fort Worth Daily Gazette
6372:, Rotterdam, Netherlands
6264:Soviet/Russian tramcars
5979:
5973:A Streetcar Named Desire
5965:
5957:was the basis of a 1993
5955:A Streetcar Named Desire
5761:
5652:The Master and Margarita
5423:A Streetcar Named Desire
5381:A Streetcar Named Desire
5371:A Streetcar Named Desire
5356:
5242:Rail transport modelling
4296:Toronto streetcar system
4167:Western Region Megapolis
4158:3 ft 6 in
3754:San Jose and its suburbs
3325:Toronto streetcar system
2726:
2572:
2300:Galveston Island Trolley
1991:, was introduced on the
1818:direct-connected to the
1684:2 ft 9 in
1495:San Francisco cable cars
1426:cable car following the
1274:British India (Pakistan)
1213:
1203:. A horse tram route in
1183:, and at the 1894-built
1149:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
894:Roosevelt Island Tramway
625:electric street railways
623:. Historically the term
13036:Bus rapid transit creep
12982:Transportation planning
11741:Encyclopædia Britannica
11614:Stewart, Graham. 1985.
11520:Part One, Latin America
11466:Morrison, Allen. 1996.
11449:Morrison, Allen. 1992.
11434:Morrison, Allen. 1989.
11427:). Milwaukee (WI), US:
11417:The Time of the Trolley
11379:Howarth, W. Des. 1971.
11320:Davies, W. K. J. 1986.
11272:Brimson, Samuel. 1983.
11194:Charles Scribner's Sons
11126:Charles Scribner's Sons
10996:. London: Paul Hamlyn.
8461:. Torstar Corporation.
8438:. Torstar Corporation.
7787:16 October 2008 at the
7741:29 January 2009 at the
7627:"Routes for Light Rail"
7525:"Historical Highlights"
6696:The Time of the Trolley
6643:Robert C. Post (2007).
6110:ATM Class 4600 and 4700
6028:Tramway, North Carolina
6018:2006 Commonwealth Games
5730:, which starred in his
5626:municipal funeral trams
5455:Who Framed Roger Rabbit
5392:
5098:Metrotranvía of Mendoza
4975:Tramways Trust Wanganui
4470:Nelson Electric Tramway
4127:Kyoto Electric Railroad
4046:
3147:East Lancashire Railway
3087:New Orleans tram system
2902:railway platform height
2744:of a grooved tram rail.
2241:Trieste–Opicina tramway
1734:World Cotton Centennial
1710:Volk's Electric Railway
1676:Volk's Electric Railway
1633:Gross-Lichterfelde Tram
1475:San Francisco cable car
1319:between 1887 and 1901.
1311:between 1909 and 1939.
778:is attested from 1873.
756:
731:
706:total cost of ownership
681:", which also includes
383:Railway nationalization
12734:Manual fare collection
12714:Farebox recovery ratio
12205:Personal rapid transit
11751:"Street Railway"
11728:Garcke, Emile (1911).
11629:Stewart, Graham. 1993
11599:Schweers, Hans. 1988.
11536:/ Africa / Australia (
11299:). Milton Keynes, UK:
11239:Arrivetz, Jean. 1956.
10343:
9911:will have to make way.
9277:"Transport in figures"
7563:Green, Robert (1989).
6405:Trams in South America
6358:Z-class Melbourne tram
6165:F-class Melbourne tram
6160:E-class Melbourne tram
6150:D-class Melbourne tram
6125:C-class Melbourne tram
6095:B-class Melbourne tram
6090:ADtranz low floor tram
6085:A class Melbourne tram
6012:A representation of a
5917:Cavalcade of Transport
5829:
5780:
5647:
5583:
5582:
5375:
5255:
5207:was knocked down by a
5193:large amounts of cash.
5154:
5141:List of tram accidents
5072:Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
5024:
4791:line in February 2019.
4770:light rail in Canberra
4764:
4757:light rail in Canberra
4741:Gold Coast, Queensland
4612:
4511:F Market & Wharves
4501:
4303:
4268:
4172:The 13-kilometre-long
4082:
4003:Minneapolis-Saint Paul
3995:Guinness World Records
3964:
3848:
3445:Katowice agglomeration
3352:
3295:North American English
3283:Tramways with tramcars
3275:
3208:
3090:
2745:
2554:
2424:
2280:
2263:wharf line in Sydney.
2180:
2119:. In China there is a
2058:
1993:Gold Coast, Queensland
1967:
1850:
1738:New Orleans, Louisiana
1713:
1640:
1608:compressed natural gas
1596:San Francisco Bulletin
1528:
1509:but still called the "
1478:
1404:
1359:
1358:cable-operated railway
1245:
1153:Sulphur Rock, Arkansas
1140:
1086:
1033:New Orleans, Louisiana
973:
847:portmanteau derivation
790:
762:
751:probably derived from
491:Longest train services
373:Named passenger trains
159:
13150:Sustainable transport
13091:Sustainable transport
13071:Passenger load factor
12886:Clock-face scheduling
12719:Free public transport
12571:Bus turnout (bus bay)
12268:Real-time ridesharing
12061:Platform screen doors
11686:Turner, Kevin. 1996.
11495:Pabst, Martin. 1989.
11413:Middleton, William D.
11287:Buckley, R. J. 1984.
11241:Les Tramways Français
10334:
10272:www.metroamericas.com
10112:New era for Newcastle
9701:"Rio de Janeiro 1958"
9561:Light Rail in Figures
8660:"BERLIN POTSDAM 2016"
8293:San Jose Mercury News
7755:David E. Nye (1992).
7590:"City Tram Extension"
7354:. Grace's Guide Ltd.
6852:www.cable-car-guy.com
6692:Middleton, William D.
6514:Trams and roundabouts
6449:List of tram builders
6014:Melbourne W-type tram
5821:
5769:
5616:
5594:The Mirror of the Sea
5571:
5570:
5364:
5249:
5214:On 27 February 1930,
5148:
5139:Further information:
5015:
4933:Northwestern Motorway
4919:in the South and via
4754:
4606:
4495:
4375:Peter Witt streetcars
4293:
4259:
4072:
3958:
3842:
3578:Mannheim/Ludwigshafen
3350:
3261:
3206:
3084:
2771:Tramway tracks use a
2740:
2612:joining them together
2544:
2448:. The success of the
2419:
2274:
2193:Port Arthur, Tasmania
2171:
2052:
2026:(the Lorain system),
2005:Walter Burley Griffin
1995:on 20 July 2014. The
1965:
1844:
1708:
1631:
1561:(1921–1951); between
1517:up to the top of the
1472:
1398:
1354:Winding drums of the
1353:
1231:
1134:
1080:
967:
784:
725:are derived from the
506:Platform screen doors
149:
127:Tram (disambiguation)
13130:Transport portal
13066:Outline of transport
12759:Reduced fare program
12729:Integrated ticketing
12684:Contract of carriage
12495:Personal transporter
12051:Narrow-gauge railway
11899:Rail replacement bus
11577:Röhr, Gustav. 1986.
10801:"Ryco : welkom"
10680:. Trolleyville.com.
10013:on 27 September 2013
9886:(1 September 2014).
9289:on 26 September 2011
8286:Charles S. McCaleb,
7944:. pp. 407–408.
7847:"Taranna - Tasmania"
7383:Topeka Daily Capital
7118:on 29 September 2006
6719:. Welshwales.co.uk.
6395:Trams in New Zealand
6207:H-type Adelaide tram
5876:Manchester Metrolink
5791:Meet Me in St. Louis
5728:Toby the Tram Engine
5504:) in Mexico in 1953.
5411:Strangers on a Train
5283:Bowser Manufacturing
5088:Also in the city of
4995:also run two former
4989:in the central city.
4967:Queen Elizabeth Park
4789:Newcastle Light Rail
4599:Trams in New Zealand
4496:Opened in 2001, the
4462:Mississauga, Ontario
4174:Jerusalem Light Rail
3638:Bochum/Gelsenkirchen
3233:ambient noise levels
3139:Manchester Metrolink
2646:Silesian Interurbans
2620:Second City Crossing
2356:regenerative braking
2288:Stockholms Spårvägar
2277:Stockholms Spårvägar
2197:Charles O'Hara Booth
2136:Birmingham Town Hall
1997:Newcastle Light Rail
1511:Wellington Cable Car
1434:in North London and
1356:London and Blackwall
1244:marketplace, c. 1900
1238:Cologne-Bonn Railway
1145:Bleecker Street Line
1120:. His spring-loaded
990:George Francis Train
559:Transport portal
511:Railway speed record
13106:Transport economics
12901:On-time performance
12896:Night (owl) service
12596:Interchange station
12475:Horse-drawn vehicle
12263:Flexible carpooling
12071:Metro/Rapid Transit
11534:Part Two, Asia+USSR
11429:Kalmbach Publishing
11368:, Revised Edition (
11313:Cheape, Charles W.
10706:. Tramwayinfo.com.
10606:on 18 December 2014
10498:. Hoedl-linie8.de.
10419:"Tottenham Outrage"
10244:. 15 October 2015.
9937:on 1 September 2014
9860:on 9 September 2014
9756:. Bangkoktram.com.
9501:on 26 February 2017
8237:on 29 November 2007
7348:"Sidney Howe Short"
7291:, pp. 122–123.
7187:"Popular Mechanics"
7092:on 30 December 2012
6915:on 24 February 2011
6564:merriam-webster.com
6539:The Free Dictionary
6535:"tram – definition"
6155:Dick Kerr Type Tram
5975:was first produced.
5911:A major feature of
5711:: "The red glow of
5279:Bachmann Industries
5228:Metropolitan Police
5042:Buenos Aires Subway
5036:system feeding the
4007:Sydney tram network
2996:PKTS/Metrovagonmash
2926:
2653:downtown circulator
2069:Other power sources
2001:Canberra light rail
1610:was due to open in
1346:Cable car (railway)
793:Although the terms
700:of metal wheels on
662:. In some cases, a
486:List of train songs
363:High-speed railways
316:Couplers by country
165:Part of a series on
152:Linke-Hofmann-Busch
95:← Previous revision
45:15:50, 11 June 2020
13155:Russian inventions
12860:Standing passenger
12123:Auto rickshaw taxi
12093:Suspension railway
12076:Rubber-tyred metro
11999:Heritage streetcar
11904:Share taxi/Taxibus
11548:Part Three, Europe
11510:Peschkes, Robert.
11155:has generic name (
10923:. Heraldsun.com.au
10849:glasgowmuseums.com
10063:Transport Canberra
9801:on 31 January 2016
9667:. Shore-line.org.
9388:Schwandl, Robert.
9053:"Los Angeles 2016"
8840:Schwandl, Robert.
8813:Schwandl, Robert.
8268:on 8 November 2012
7427:on 23 October 2014
7142:www.ngvjournal.com
6620:. Etymonline.com.
6466:, also known as a
6429:Cater MetroTrolley
6390:Trams in Australia
6175:Double-decker tram
5868:Granada Television
5866:, and produced by
5864:Greater Manchester
5830:
5781:
5751:Toden Arakawa Line
5733:The Railway Series
5709:Flemish coast tram
5707:misidentifies the
5544:Herbie Rides Again
5528:Michaela Pavlátová
5386:Tennessee Williams
5376:
5349:In popular culture
5256:
5155:
5025:
4765:
4730:Portland, Victoria
4724:light rail network
4613:
4595:Trams in Australia
4502:
4498:Portland Streetcar
4304:
4269:
4086:Several cities in
4083:
3987:Santa teresa route
3967:Historically, the
3965:
3901:Belgian Coast Tram
3849:
3470:heritage streetcar
3353:
3276:
3209:
3103:rolling resistance
3097:Vehicles run more
3091:
2922:
2829:Historically, the
2746:
2579:network topologies
2555:
2425:
2322:Modern development
2311:Portland, Victoria
2302:in Texas operated
2281:
2229:CSR Sifang Co Ltd.
2181:
2081:As early as 1834,
2059:
1968:
1862:its tramway system
1851:
1798:Niagara Escarpment
1756:, in 1888, on the
1754:Richmond, Virginia
1718:John Joseph Wright
1714:
1665:Werner von Siemens
1641:
1499:tourist attraction
1479:
1463:stationary engines
1405:
1360:
1246:
1157:U.S. postage stamp
1141:
1126:Richmond, Virginia
1087:
1017:Fourth Avenue Line
974:
911:trackless trolleys
791:
717:The English terms
698:rolling resistance
599:(in North America
321:Coupler conversion
160:
13137:
13136:
12829:Transport network
12819:Non-revenue track
12485:Inclined elevator
12420:Inclined elevator
12386:Inclined elevator
12011:Higher-speed rail
11954:Airport rail link
11837:Bus rapid transit
11189:Sidney Howe Short
11088:External link in
11065:978-1-258-03284-5
10845:"Glasgow Museums"
10628:. Q-Car Company.
10297:Morrison, Allen.
10274:. 18 March 2015.
8921:"Stastiques 2018"
8362:www.urbanrail.net
7985:. 8 February 2004
7859:. 8 February 2014
7768:978-0-262-64030-5
7257:Wood, E. Thomas.
7205:"Blackpool Trams"
7191:Popular Mechanics
7086:www.google.com.au
6768:, pp. 16–17.
6656:978-0-313-33916-5
6434:Dual-mode transit
5987:Toonerville Folks
5860:Coronation Street
5407:The Lady Vanishes
5198:Tottenham Outrage
5068:Santa Teresa Tram
4820:, closed in 1966.
4783:was truncated to
4774:2016 ACT election
4515:San Diego Trolley
4468:in Edmonton, the
4458:Waterloo, Ontario
4261:Cologne Stadtbahn
4239:DHA City, Karachi
3969:Paris Tram System
3961:Paris tram system
3959:At its peak, the
3905:Valley Metro Rail
3893:
3892:
3748:Frankfurt am Main
3462:Dallas Light Rail
3069:
3068:
2898:railway platforms
2446:dead man's switch
2225:fuel cell vehicle
1808:Sidney Howe Short
1700:Blackpool Tramway
1581:(1896–1920), and
919:Pacific Northwest
593:
592:
311:Railway couplings
294:Steam locomotives
13177:
13128:
13127:
13046:Destination sign
13010:Platform display
13000:Destination sign
12957:Transit district
12952:Street hierarchy
12932:Complete streets
12927:Airport security
12809:Cross-city route
12754:Proof-of-payment
12724:Free travel pass
12215:Public light bus
12175:Hackney carriage
11994:Heritage railway
11979:Elevated railway
11974:Cross-city route
11894:Public light bus
11852:Cross-city route
11804:Public transport
11797:
11790:
11783:
11774:
11773:
11761:
11753:
11745:
11733:
11405:McKay, John P.
11236:
11230:
11224:
11218:
11214:
11212:
11204:
11202:
11200:
11179:
11172:
11166:
11160:
11154:
11150:
11148:
11140:
11137:Internet Archive
11134:
11132:
11111:
11105:
11099:
11093:
11092:
11086:
11084:
11076:
11070:Internet Archive
11036:
11030:
11025:
11023:
11015:
10995:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10970:
10960:
10954:
10953:
10951:
10949:
10939:
10933:
10932:
10930:
10928:
10917:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10906:
10900:
10893:
10885:
10879:
10878:
10863:
10857:
10856:
10841:
10835:
10832:
10826:
10823:
10817:
10816:
10814:
10812:
10797:
10791:
10784:
10778:
10773:
10767:
10764:
10758:
10747:
10741:
10726:
10720:
10719:
10717:
10715:
10700:
10694:
10693:
10691:
10689:
10674:
10668:
10667:
10665:
10663:
10654:. Eastpenn.org.
10648:
10642:
10641:
10639:
10637:
10622:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10611:
10596:
10590:
10589:
10587:
10585:
10570:
10564:
10563:
10561:
10559:
10544:
10538:
10537:
10535:
10533:
10518:
10512:
10511:
10509:
10507:
10492:
10486:
10481:
10475:
10474:
10472:
10470:
10459:
10453:
10452:
10450:
10448:
10437:
10431:
10430:
10428:
10426:
10415:
10409:
10408:
10406:
10404:
10393:
10387:
10386:
10384:
10382:
10367:
10361:
10350:
10344:
10330:Jewish Chronicle
10325:
10319:
10318:
10316:
10314:
10294:
10288:
10287:
10285:
10283:
10264:
10258:
10257:
10255:
10253:
10238:
10232:
10211:
10205:
10200:by Diego Gabot,
10195:
10189:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10151:
10149:
10148:
10144:
10141:
10133:
10128:
10122:
10109:
10103:
10102:26 December 2014
10099:Newcastle Herald
10085:
10079:
10078:
10076:
10074:
10069:on 23 April 2019
10065:. Archived from
10055:
10049:
10048:
10046:
10044:
10029:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10018:
10009:. Archived from
9988:
9982:
9981:
9979:
9977:
9957:
9951:
9950:
9944:
9942:
9933:. Archived from
9920:
9914:
9913:
9907:
9905:
9884:Christopher Hume
9880:
9874:
9873:
9867:
9865:
9856:. Archived from
9843:
9837:
9836:
9834:
9832:
9817:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9800:
9793:
9785:
9779:
9776:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9765:
9750:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9739:
9723:
9717:
9716:
9714:
9712:
9696:
9690:
9687:
9681:
9680:
9678:
9676:
9661:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9634:
9628:
9627:
9625:
9623:
9612:
9606:
9605:
9599:
9591:
9589:
9587:
9581:
9574:
9558:
9552:
9547:
9538:
9537:
9535:
9533:
9517:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9506:
9497:. Archived from
9491:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9480:
9465:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9454:
9439:
9433:
9432:
9430:
9428:
9412:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9401:
9385:
9379:
9378:
9376:
9374:
9359:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9348:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9305:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9294:
9285:. Archived from
9273:
9267:
9266:
9264:
9262:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9220:
9214:
9213:
9207:
9199:
9197:
9195:
9180:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9169:
9154:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9128:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9117:
9101:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9090:
9075:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9048:
9042:
9041:
9035:
9027:
9025:
9023:
9007:
9001:
9000:
8998:
8996:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8955:
8949:
8948:
8942:
8934:
8932:
8930:
8925:
8917:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8906:
8890:
8884:
8883:
8881:
8879:
8864:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8853:
8837:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8810:
8804:
8803:
8801:
8799:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8762:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8735:
8729:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8718:
8709:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8682:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8671:
8655:
8649:
8648:
8642:
8634:
8632:
8630:
8621:. Archived from
8615:
8609:
8608:
8593:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8554:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8532:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8514:
8503:"Melbourne 2014"
8498:
8492:
8491:
8480:"World Tramways"
8476:
8467:
8466:
8459:The Toronto Star
8450:
8444:
8443:
8436:The Toronto Star
8427:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8411:on 19 March 2015
8401:
8395:
8382:
8376:
8370:
8364:
8359:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8348:
8333:
8327:
8326:
8324:
8322:
8307:
8301:
8284:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8253:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8227:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8216:
8211:on 31 March 2012
8201:
8192:
8191:
8189:
8187:
8178:. Bathtram.org.
8172:
8166:
8165:
8163:
8161:
8155:
8148:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8122:
8116:
8109:
8103:
8097:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8086:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8046:
8040:
8039:
8028:
8022:
8021:
8014:
8008:
8001:
7995:
7994:
7992:
7990:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7958:
7928:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7903:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7875:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7864:
7843:
7834:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7798:
7792:
7779:
7773:
7772:
7752:
7746:
7733:
7727:
7726:
7720:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7698:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7681:books.google.com
7673:
7667:
7661:
7655:
7649:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7629:. Archived from
7623:
7617:
7611:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7585:
7579:
7578:
7560:
7554:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7521:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7505:on 18 March 2015
7495:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7443:
7437:
7436:
7434:
7432:
7417:
7411:
7405:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7315:
7309:
7303:
7292:
7286:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7234:. Archived from
7227:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7201:
7195:
7194:
7182:
7176:
7173:
7167:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7153:
7148:on 28 March 2012
7134:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7123:
7114:. Archived from
7108:
7102:
7101:
7099:
7097:
7088:. Archived from
7078:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7056:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7034:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7006:
7000:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6952:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6911:. Archived from
6905:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6886:Allen Morrison.
6883:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6833:
6824:. Archived from
6814:
6808:
6802:
6796:
6790:
6781:
6775:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6713:
6707:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6614:
6608:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6572:
6571:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6531:
6488:Streetcar suburb
6371:
6293:
6282:
6225:
6203:
6195:Gelede Tram Lang
6073:
6068:
6067:
6059:
6057:Transport portal
6054:
6053:
6030:, is an area of
6022:Melbourne Museum
6007:Brooklyn Dodgers
5786:The Trolley Song
5776:The Trolley Song
5666:Die Blechtrommel
5643:
5580:
5415:Number Seventeen
5399:Alfred Hitchcock
5337:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5293:
5289:
5160:Anglo-Australian
5079:Tranvía del Este
5034:PreMetro line E2
5017:PreMetro line E2
4925:Great North Road
4909:Auckland Airport
4755:Construction of
4583:Washington, D.C.
4164:
4159:
3909:Phoenix, Arizona
3888:
3885:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3466:modern streetcar
3397:Saint Petersburg
3272:
3266:
3229:noise mitigation
3145:was part of the
2927:
2921:
2880:
2871:
2511:. It was called
2173:Convict tramways
2088:Attempts to use
2083:Thomas Davenport
2022:method, used in
1847:tram in Budapest
1802:hydroelectricity
1794:Thorold, Ontario
1762:Frank J. Sprague
1736:World's Fair in
1694:was opened near
1689:
1685:
1649:Saint Petersburg
1254:steam locomotive
1118:Frank J. Sprague
988:by the American
946:History of trams
765:
759:
734:
633:trackless trains
585:
578:
571:
557:
556:
257:Gauge conversion
181:
162:
161:
143:
107:Newer revision →
85:
82:
61:
59:current revision
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
13185:
13184:
13180:
13179:
13178:
13176:
13175:
13174:
13140:
13139:
13138:
13133:
13122:
13115:
13019:
12992:
12986:
12915:
12869:
12845:Checked baggage
12833:
12792:
12679:Bus advertising
12663:
12655:
12524:
12515:Trackless train
12458:Scooter-sharing
12453:Bicycle-sharing
12430:
12424:
12390:
12330:
12282:
12244:
12220:Pulled rickshaw
12190:Motorcycle taxi
12133:Combination bus
12114:
12107:
12021:Inter-city rail
12006:High-speed rail
11923:
11806:
11801:
11748:
11731:"Tramway"
11724:
11719:
11481:Nye, David E.:
11390:(4th Edition) (
11250:(4th Edition),
11228:
11226:
11216:
11215:
11206:
11205:
11198:
11196:
11173:
11164:
11162:
11152:
11151:
11142:
11141:
11130:
11128:
11103:
11101:
11090:
11089:
11087:
11078:
11077:
11066:
11043:
11041:Further reading
11028:
11026:
11017:
11016:
11004:
10984:
10979:
10978:
10968:
10966:
10962:
10961:
10957:
10947:
10945:
10941:
10940:
10936:
10926:
10924:
10919:
10918:
10914:
10904:
10902:
10898:
10891:
10887:
10886:
10882:
10865:
10864:
10860:
10843:
10842:
10838:
10833:
10829:
10824:
10820:
10810:
10808:
10799:
10798:
10794:
10785:
10781:
10774:
10770:
10765:
10761:
10748:
10744:
10727:
10723:
10713:
10711:
10702:
10701:
10697:
10687:
10685:
10676:
10675:
10671:
10661:
10659:
10650:
10649:
10645:
10635:
10633:
10624:
10623:
10619:
10609:
10607:
10598:
10597:
10593:
10583:
10581:
10580:on 12 June 2002
10572:
10571:
10567:
10557:
10555:
10554:on 2 April 2015
10546:
10545:
10541:
10531:
10529:
10520:
10519:
10515:
10505:
10503:
10494:
10493:
10489:
10482:
10478:
10468:
10466:
10460:
10456:
10446:
10444:
10443:. casabatllo.es
10439:
10438:
10434:
10424:
10422:
10417:
10416:
10412:
10402:
10400:
10395:
10394:
10390:
10380:
10378:
10369:
10368:
10364:
10352:David Crowden,
10351:
10347:
10326:
10322:
10312:
10310:
10295:
10291:
10281:
10279:
10266:
10265:
10261:
10251:
10249:
10240:
10239:
10235:
10221:LRTA Publishing
10212:
10208:
10196:
10192:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10153:
10146:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10136:4 ft
10135:
10131:
10129:
10125:
10119:Wayback Machine
10110:
10106:
10095:Wayback Machine
10086:
10082:
10072:
10070:
10057:
10056:
10052:
10042:
10040:
10031:
10030:
10026:
10016:
10014:
9989:
9985:
9975:
9973:
9958:
9954:
9940:
9938:
9921:
9917:
9903:
9901:
9881:
9877:
9863:
9861:
9844:
9840:
9830:
9828:
9818:
9814:
9804:
9802:
9798:
9791:
9787:
9786:
9782:
9777:
9773:
9763:
9761:
9752:
9751:
9747:
9737:
9735:
9724:
9720:
9710:
9708:
9697:
9693:
9688:
9684:
9674:
9672:
9663:
9662:
9658:
9648:
9646:
9635:
9631:
9621:
9619:
9613:
9609:
9593:
9592:
9585:
9583:
9579:
9572:
9570:"Archived copy"
9568:
9559:
9555:
9548:
9541:
9531:
9529:
9518:
9514:
9504:
9502:
9493:
9492:
9488:
9478:
9476:
9467:
9466:
9462:
9452:
9450:
9441:
9440:
9436:
9426:
9424:
9413:
9409:
9399:
9397:
9386:
9382:
9372:
9370:
9361:
9360:
9356:
9346:
9344:
9333:
9329:
9319:
9317:
9306:
9302:
9292:
9290:
9275:
9274:
9270:
9260:
9258:
9249:
9248:
9244:
9234:
9232:
9221:
9217:
9201:
9200:
9193:
9191:
9184:"Archived copy"
9182:
9181:
9177:
9167:
9165:
9156:
9155:
9151:
9141:
9139:
9130:
9129:
9125:
9115:
9113:
9102:
9098:
9088:
9086:
9077:
9076:
9072:
9062:
9060:
9049:
9045:
9029:
9028:
9021:
9019:
9008:
9004:
8994:
8992:
8983:
8982:
8978:
8968:
8966:
8957:
8956:
8952:
8936:
8935:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8919:
8918:
8914:
8904:
8902:
8891:
8887:
8877:
8875:
8866:
8865:
8861:
8851:
8849:
8838:
8834:
8824:
8822:
8811:
8807:
8797:
8795:
8786:
8785:
8781:
8766:"Katowice Tram"
8764:
8763:
8759:
8749:
8747:
8740:"Budapest 2016"
8736:
8732:
8722:
8720:
8716:
8711:
8710:
8706:
8696:
8694:
8683:
8679:
8669:
8667:
8656:
8652:
8636:
8635:
8628:
8626:
8619:"Archived copy"
8617:
8616:
8612:
8595:
8594:
8590:
8580:
8578:
8569:
8568:
8564:
8548:
8547:
8540:
8538:
8534:
8533:
8522:
8512:
8510:
8499:
8495:
8478:
8477:
8470:
8451:
8447:
8428:
8424:
8414:
8412:
8403:
8402:
8398:
8392:Wayback Machine
8383:
8379:
8371:
8367:
8360:
8356:
8346:
8344:
8335:
8334:
8330:
8320:
8318:
8309:
8308:
8304:
8285:
8281:
8271:
8269:
8254:
8250:
8240:
8238:
8229:
8228:
8224:
8214:
8212:
8203:
8202:
8195:
8185:
8183:
8174:
8173:
8169:
8159:
8157:
8153:
8146:
8142:
8141:
8137:
8126:"Human Transit"
8124:
8123:
8119:
8110:
8106:
8098:
8094:
8084:
8082:
8081:on 9 March 2015
8073:
8072:
8068:
8058:
8056:
8048:
8047:
8043:
8030:
8029:
8025:
8016:
8015:
8011:
8002:
7998:
7988:
7986:
7971:
7970:
7966:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7937:The Fatal Shore
7929:
7925:
7915:
7913:
7905:
7904:
7897:
7887:
7885:
7877:
7876:
7872:
7862:
7860:
7845:
7844:
7837:
7830:
7826:
7816:
7814:
7807:Railway Gazette
7801:UK, DVV Media.
7799:
7795:
7789:Wayback Machine
7780:
7776:
7769:
7753:
7749:
7743:Wayback Machine
7734:
7730:
7714:
7713:
7706:
7704:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7685:
7683:
7675:
7674:
7670:
7662:
7658:
7650:
7646:
7636:
7634:
7633:on 2 April 2019
7625:
7624:
7620:
7612:
7608:
7598:
7596:
7586:
7582:
7575:
7561:
7557:
7549:Fasting, Kåre:
7548:
7544:
7534:
7532:
7531:on 4 March 2012
7523:
7522:
7518:
7508:
7506:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7482:
7480:
7471:
7470:
7466:
7456:
7454:
7445:
7444:
7440:
7430:
7428:
7419:
7418:
7414:
7406:
7402:
7390:
7376:
7375:
7371:
7361:
7359:
7346:
7345:
7341:
7329:
7317:
7316:
7312:
7304:
7295:
7287:
7278:
7268:
7266:
7255:
7251:
7241:
7239:
7238:on 3 March 2009
7228:
7224:
7214:
7212:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7183:
7179:
7174:
7170:
7165:
7161:
7151:
7149:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7121:
7119:
7110:
7109:
7105:
7095:
7093:
7080:
7079:
7075:
7065:
7063:
7058:
7057:
7053:
7043:
7041:
7036:
7035:
7031:
7021:
7019:
7008:
7007:
7003:
6998:Trams in Sydney
6996:
6992:
6985:
6973:
6972:
6968:
6953:
6949:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6932:
6928:
6918:
6916:
6907:
6906:
6902:
6892:
6890:
6884:
6880:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6859:
6846:
6845:
6841:
6831:
6829:
6828:on 29 July 2016
6822:www.siemens.com
6816:
6815:
6811:
6803:
6799:
6791:
6784:
6776:
6772:
6764:
6760:
6752:
6748:
6740:
6736:
6726:
6724:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6690:
6686:
6669:
6668:
6664:
6657:
6641:
6637:
6627:
6625:
6616:
6615:
6611:
6606:
6602:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6579:
6575:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6543:
6541:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6414:
6409:
6385:Trams in Africa
6380:
6378:Trams by region
6375:
6365:
6338:Ultra Low Floor
6287:
6276:
6258:Soviet/Latvian
6219:
6197:
6080:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6045:
5982:
5968:
5950:
5936:"W"-class trams
5925:Harold Freedman
5885:
5816:
5764:
5741:Haruki Murakami
5674:Oskar Matzerath
5644:
5641:
5599:In episode 6 ("
5581:
5578:
5554:
5449:'s tram system.
5395:
5384:was written by
5359:
5351:
5335:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5318:4 ft
5317:
5313:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:4 ft
5295:
5291:
5287:
5244:
5238:
5182:Riversdale Road
5143:
5137:
5102:Greater Mendoza
5010:
5001:Aspen, Colorado
4929:Point Chevalier
4901:Wynyard Quarter
4813:
4618:
4601:
4591:
4490:
4387:Flexity Outlook
4360:
4288:
4282:
4254:
4252:Trams in Europe
4248:
4188:, an extensive
4162:
4157:
4140:in 1954 and in
4061:
4055:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4015:
3953:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3851:
3345:
3343:Current systems
3340:
3334:
3287:British English
3274:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3244:Main articles:
3242:
3201:
3079:
3074:
3039:Škoda Transtech
3017:Stadler-Vossloh
2914:
2906:low-floor trams
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2861:
2855:
2827:
2821:
2786:Alphonse Loubat
2735:
2729:
2575:
2539:
2533:
2486:supercapacitors
2462:
2438:
2414:
2370:
2364:
2352:low-floor trams
2324:
2269:
2237:
2219:In March 2015,
2217:
2166:
2164:Convict tramway
2160:
2152:Mekarski system
2144:
2079:
2071:
1878:its tram system
1786:electric shocks
1780:, limiting the
1750:Cleveland, Ohio
1722:Whitaker Wright
1687:
1683:
1653:Fyodor Pirotsky
1626:
1620:
1575:Lytham St Annes
1531:
1348:
1342:
1266:New South Wales
1226:
1216:
1193:South Australia
1091:Santiago, Chile
1044:Alphonse Loubat
1013:John Stephenson
962:
956:
948:
942:
934:New South Wales
878:tourist trolley
768:French language
715:
683:grade-separated
589:
551:
448:
397:Special systems
392:
358:Inter-city rail
343:Passenger train
268:
223:Railway station
200:
199:
137:
130:
123:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
99:Latest revision
87:
86:
83:
72:
70:
57:
48:
31:
29:
12:
11:
5:
13183:
13173:
13172:
13167:
13162:
13160:Tram transport
13157:
13152:
13135:
13134:
13120:
13117:
13116:
13114:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13098:
13093:
13088:
13083:
13078:
13073:
13068:
13063:
13061:Land transport
13058:
13053:
13048:
13043:
13038:
13033:
13027:
13025:
13021:
13020:
13018:
13017:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12996:
12994:
12988:
12987:
12985:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12962:Transit police
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12942:Rail subsidies
12939:
12934:
12929:
12923:
12921:
12917:
12916:
12914:
12913:
12908:
12903:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12877:
12875:
12871:
12870:
12868:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12841:
12839:
12835:
12834:
12832:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12814:Network length
12811:
12806:
12800:
12798:
12794:
12793:
12791:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12778:Ticket machine
12775:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12699:Fare avoidance
12696:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12676:
12670:
12668:
12657:
12656:
12654:
12653:
12648:
12643:
12638:
12633:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12581:Ferry terminal
12578:
12573:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12532:
12530:
12526:
12525:
12523:
12522:
12517:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12497:
12492:
12490:Moving walkway
12487:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12461:
12460:
12455:
12445:
12440:
12434:
12432:
12426:
12425:
12423:
12422:
12417:
12415:Moving walkway
12412:
12407:
12401:
12399:
12392:
12391:
12389:
12388:
12383:
12382:
12381:
12376:
12366:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12346:
12344:Aerial tramway
12340:
12338:
12332:
12331:
12329:
12328:
12323:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12292:
12290:
12284:
12283:
12281:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12254:
12252:
12246:
12245:
12243:
12242:
12237:
12232:
12227:
12222:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12187:
12182:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12162:
12157:
12156:
12155:
12150:
12140:
12138:Cycle rickshaw
12135:
12130:
12125:
12119:
12117:
12109:
12108:
12106:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12088:Street running
12085:
12080:
12079:
12078:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12003:
12002:
12001:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11961:
11956:
11951:
11946:
11945:
11944:
11933:
11931:
11925:
11924:
11922:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11906:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11875:
11874:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11827:
11816:
11814:
11808:
11807:
11800:
11799:
11792:
11785:
11777:
11771:
11770:
11762:
11746:
11736:Chisholm, Hugh
11723:
11722:External links
11720:
11718:
11717:
11715:Ian Allan Ltd.
11699:
11684:
11670:
11656:
11642:
11627:
11612:
11597:
11590:
11574:
11573:
11559:
11545:
11531:
11516:
11515:
11508:
11493:
11479:
11464:
11447:
11432:
11410:
11403:
11384:
11377:
11362:
11355:
11340:
11333:
11318:
11311:
11304:
11285:
11270:
11263:
11244:
11237:
11229:|ref=harv
11180:
11165:|ref=harv
11112:
11104:|ref=harv
11064:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11038:
11037:
11029:|ref=harv
11002:
10983:
10980:
10977:
10976:
10955:
10934:
10912:
10880:
10858:
10836:
10827:
10818:
10792:
10779:
10768:
10759:
10742:
10721:
10695:
10669:
10643:
10617:
10591:
10565:
10539:
10513:
10487:
10476:
10454:
10432:
10410:
10388:
10362:
10345:
10320:
10289:
10259:
10233:
10206:
10204:, 26 July 2017
10190:
10155:standard gauge
10123:
10104:
10080:
10050:
10024:
9983:
9952:
9915:
9875:
9838:
9812:
9780:
9771:
9745:
9726:Sandi, Gabor.
9718:
9699:Sandi, Gabor.
9691:
9682:
9656:
9637:Sandi, Gabor.
9629:
9607:
9567:(UITP), 2014±
9553:
9539:
9522:"Phoenix 2005"
9520:Sandi, Gabor.
9512:
9486:
9460:
9434:
9415:Sandi, Gabor.
9407:
9380:
9354:
9337:"Antwerp 2015"
9335:Sandi, Gabor.
9327:
9308:Sandi, Gabor.
9300:
9268:
9242:
9223:Sandi, Gabor.
9215:
9175:
9149:
9123:
9104:Sandi, Gabor.
9096:
9070:
9051:Sandi, Gabor.
9043:
9002:
8976:
8950:
8912:
8895:"Leipzig 2015"
8893:Sandi, Gabor.
8885:
8859:
8832:
8805:
8779:
8757:
8738:Sandi, Gabor.
8730:
8704:
8685:Sandi, Gabor.
8677:
8658:Sandi, Gabor.
8650:
8625:on 31 May 2013
8610:
8588:
8562:
8520:
8501:Sandi, Gabor.
8493:
8468:
8445:
8422:
8396:
8377:
8365:
8354:
8328:
8302:
8279:
8248:
8222:
8193:
8167:
8135:
8117:
8104:
8092:
8066:
8041:
8023:
8009:
7996:
7964:
7950:
7923:
7895:
7883:Tasman Council
7870:
7835:
7824:
7793:
7774:
7767:
7747:
7728:
7693:
7668:
7656:
7644:
7618:
7606:
7594:dpti.sa.gov.au
7580:
7573:
7555:
7542:
7516:
7490:
7475:. Hampage.hu.
7464:
7438:
7412:
7410:, p. 128.
7400:
7388:newspapers.com
7369:
7339:
7327:Newspapers.com
7310:
7308:, p. 142.
7293:
7276:
7249:
7222:
7196:
7177:
7168:
7159:
7129:
7103:
7073:
7051:
7029:
7001:
6990:
6983:
6966:
6947:
6926:
6900:
6878:
6857:
6839:
6809:
6797:
6782:
6770:
6758:
6746:
6734:
6708:
6684:
6675:etymonline.com
6662:
6655:
6635:
6609:
6600:
6582:
6573:
6551:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6294:
6262:
6256:
6251:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6130:California car
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6105:ATM Class 1500
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6060:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6025:
6010:
6003:trolley dodger
5995:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5932:
5909:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5856:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5795:
5788:" in the film
5763:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5755:Ōtsuka Station
5746:Norwegian Wood
5737:
5716:
5689:
5655:
5646:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5615:
5614:
5597:
5589:
5588:
5576:
5569:
5568:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5531:
5518:
5509:Akira Kurosawa
5505:
5487:
5463:
5450:
5447:Rio de Janeiro
5438:
5418:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5358:
5355:
5350:
5347:
5254:built into it.
5237:
5236:Tram modelling
5234:
5233:
5232:
5223:
5212:
5201:
5194:
5174:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5120:
5105:
5086:
5075:
5064:
5061:Alstom Citadis
5045:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4999:formally from
4990:
4955:
4948:
4890:
4883:
4880:
4821:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4792:
4777:
4749:
4748:
4737:
4727:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4617:
4614:
4607:A painting of
4590:
4587:
4489:
4486:
4359:
4356:
4312:aerial tramway
4284:Main article:
4281:
4278:
4265:European Union
4250:Main article:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4235:
4224:
4197:
4182:
4170:
4145:
4130:
4123:
4067:
4066:
4059:Trams in China
4051:Main article:
4048:
4045:
4040:Main article:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4011:
3952:
3949:
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3947:
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3932:
3928:
3925:
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3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3871:
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3827:
3817:
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3799:
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3781:
3775:
3769:
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3751:
3745:
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3727:
3721:
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3699:
3693:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3559:
3553:
3543:
3537:
3530:Bonn Stadtbahn
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3455:
3454:
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3436:
3430:
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3400:
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3344:
3341:
3336:Main article:
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2875:
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2866:
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2863:
2862:
2857:Main article:
2854:
2851:
2839:standard gauge
2823:Main article:
2820:
2817:
2805:gauntlet track
2731:Main article:
2728:
2725:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2649:
2638:
2623:
2574:
2571:
2535:Main article:
2532:
2529:
2478:bow collectors
2466:overhead lines
2461:
2458:
2437:
2434:
2421:Overhead lines
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2368:Types of Trams
2366:Main article:
2363:
2360:
2350:) are usually
2348:Alstom Citadis
2323:
2320:
2268:
2265:
2261:Darling Street
2253:reserved track
2249:street running
2236:
2233:
2216:
2213:
2208:Eaglehawk Neck
2162:Main article:
2159:
2156:
2148:compressed air
2143:
2142:Compressed air
2140:
2133:Grade I listed
2078:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2038:, France (the
1812:electric motor
1771:overhead wires
1730:electric trams
1637:overhead wires
1622:Main article:
1619:
1616:
1557:, Germany; in
1530:
1527:
1451:infrastructure
1344:Main article:
1341:
1338:
1215:
1212:
1165:Celaya, Mexico
1114:overhead wires
1083:tram in Sydney
1081:A horse-drawn
1019:ran along the
958:Main article:
955:
952:
944:Main article:
941:
938:
851:folk etymology
843:overhead wires
753:Middle Flemish
714:
711:
650:sliding on an
613:tramway tracks
591:
590:
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378:Rail subsidies
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252:Variable gauge
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207:
206:
205:Infrastructure
202:
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186:
183:
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174:
173:
171:Rail transport
167:
166:
121:
68:
54:permanent link
27:
16:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13182:
13171:
13170:Tram vehicles
13168:
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13158:
13156:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13147:
13145:
13132:
13131:
13126:
13118:
13112:
13111:Micromobility
13109:
13107:
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13102:
13099:
13097:
13094:
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13089:
13087:
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13082:
13079:
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13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13056:Hail and ride
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12707:
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12702:
12700:
12697:
12695:
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12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12671:
12669:
12667:
12662:
12658:
12652:
12651:Transport hub
12649:
12647:
12644:
12642:
12639:
12637:
12636:Train station
12634:
12632:
12631:Taxicab stand
12629:
12627:
12624:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12616:Park and ride
12614:
12612:
12611:Metro station
12609:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
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12592:
12589:
12587:
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12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12371:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12354:Cable railway
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12341:
12339:
12337:
12333:
12327:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
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12285:
12279:
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12139:
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12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12120:
12118:
12116:
12110:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12083:Regional rail
12081:
12077:
12074:
12073:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12000:
11997:
11996:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11964:Commuter rail
11962:
11960:
11957:
11955:
11952:
11950:
11947:
11943:
11940:
11939:
11938:
11935:
11934:
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11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11873:
11870:
11869:
11868:
11867:Intercity bus
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
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11845:
11843:
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11809:
11805:
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11793:
11791:
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11784:
11779:
11778:
11775:
11768:
11767:
11763:
11759:
11758:
11752:
11747:
11743:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11726:
11725:
11716:
11712:
11711:0-7110-1989-4
11708:
11704:
11700:
11697:
11696:1-85260-549-9
11693:
11689:
11685:
11682:
11681:0-948106-18-2
11678:
11674:
11671:
11668:
11667:3-926524-23-5
11664:
11660:
11657:
11654:
11653:3-926524-15-4
11650:
11646:
11643:
11640:
11639:1-86934-037-X
11636:
11632:
11628:
11625:
11621:
11617:
11613:
11610:
11609:3-921679-46-X
11606:
11602:
11598:
11595:
11591:
11588:
11587:3-921679-38-9
11584:
11580:
11576:
11575:
11571:
11570:0-948619-06-6
11567:
11563:
11560:
11557:
11556:0-948619-01-5
11553:
11549:
11546:
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11542:0-948619-00-7
11539:
11535:
11532:
11529:
11528:1-898319-02-2
11525:
11521:
11518:
11517:
11513:
11509:
11506:
11505:3-88490-152-4
11502:
11498:
11494:
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11491:0-262-14048-9
11488:
11484:
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11477:
11476:0-9622348-3-4
11473:
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11461:0-9622348-2-6
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11425:0-89024-013-2
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11396:0-948106-19-0
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11374:0-8047-3051-2
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11360:
11356:
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11352:0-908573-50-2
11349:
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11330:0-900433-97-3
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11184:Malone, Dumas
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11153:|first1=
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10738:0-470-86973-9
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10356:- article in
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10194:
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10171:1,067 mm
10166:1,219 mm
10163:
10156:
10132:1,435 mm
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9966:National Post
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9310:"MUNICH 2013"
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9225:"Zürich 2011"
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8896:
8889:
8873:
8869:
8863:
8847:
8843:
8836:
8820:
8816:
8809:
8793:
8789:
8783:
8775:
8771:
8770:UrbanRail.Net
8767:
8761:
8745:
8741:
8734:
8714:
8708:
8692:
8688:
8687:"Moscow 2016"
8681:
8665:
8661:
8654:
8646:
8640:
8624:
8620:
8614:
8606:
8602:
8601:UrbanRail.net
8598:
8592:
8576:
8572:
8566:
8558:
8552:
8537:
8531:
8529:
8527:
8525:
8508:
8504:
8497:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8475:
8473:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8449:
8441:
8437:
8433:
8426:
8410:
8406:
8400:
8393:
8389:
8386:
8381:
8374:
8369:
8363:
8358:
8342:
8338:
8332:
8316:
8312:
8306:
8299:
8295:
8294:
8289:
8283:
8267:
8263:
8259:
8252:
8236:
8232:
8226:
8210:
8206:
8200:
8198:
8181:
8177:
8171:
8152:
8145:
8139:
8131:
8127:
8121:
8114:
8111:Mike Taplin,
8108:
8101:
8096:
8080:
8076:
8070:
8055:
8054:Google.com.au
8051:
8045:
8037:
8033:
8027:
8019:
8013:
8006:
8000:
7984:
7983:Fairfax Media
7980:
7979:
7974:
7968:
7953:
7951:9781407054070
7947:
7943:
7939:
7938:
7933:
7932:Robert Hughes
7927:
7912:
7908:
7902:
7900:
7884:
7880:
7874:
7858:
7857:Fairfax Media
7854:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7840:
7833:
7828:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7797:
7790:
7786:
7783:
7778:
7770:
7764:
7760:
7759:
7751:
7744:
7740:
7737:
7736:Wordpress.com
7732:
7724:
7718:
7703:
7697:
7682:
7678:
7672:
7665:
7660:
7653:
7648:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7615:
7610:
7595:
7591:
7584:
7576:
7570:
7566:
7559:
7552:
7546:
7530:
7526:
7520:
7504:
7500:
7494:
7478:
7474:
7468:
7452:
7448:
7442:
7426:
7422:
7416:
7409:
7404:
7394:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7373:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7343:
7333:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7314:
7307:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7290:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7264:
7260:
7253:
7237:
7233:
7226:
7210:
7206:
7200:
7192:
7188:
7181:
7172:
7163:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7133:
7117:
7113:
7107:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7077:
7061:
7055:
7039:
7033:
7017:
7016:
7011:
7005:
6999:
6994:
6986:
6980:
6976:
6970:
6962:
6958:
6951:
6936:
6930:
6914:
6910:
6904:
6889:
6882:
6867:
6861:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6813:
6807:, p. 21.
6806:
6801:
6795:, p. 18.
6794:
6789:
6787:
6779:
6774:
6767:
6762:
6756:, p. 23.
6755:
6750:
6744:, p. 15.
6743:
6738:
6722:
6718:
6712:
6705:
6704:0-89024-013-2
6701:
6697:
6693:
6688:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6658:
6652:
6648:
6647:
6639:
6623:
6619:
6613:
6604:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6577:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6555:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6526:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6419:Armoured tram
6417:
6416:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6369:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6297:Škoda ForCity
6295:
6291:
6286:
6280:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6244:Silkworm tram
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6072:
6071:Trains portal
6066:
6061:
6058:
6052:
6047:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5984:
5983:
5974:
5970:
5969:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5942:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5905:Pollokshields
5903:depot in the
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5820:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5768:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5725:
5724:GER Class C53
5721:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5622:
5619:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5584:
5575:
5566:
5565:
5564:The Europeans
5560:
5556:
5555:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5442:Black Orpheus
5439:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5363:
5354:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5336:1,435 mm
5314:1,435 mm
5284:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5229:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5216:Paul de Vivie
5213:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5117:Ayacucho tram
5114:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5083:Puerto Madero
5080:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5063:(302) trains.
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5008:South America
5002:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4931:and onto the
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4913:Dominion Road
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4805:
4802:, and on the
4801:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4707:Victor Harbor
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4571:Oklahoma City
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4499:
4494:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4348:San Francisco
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4280:North America
4277:
4273:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4163:1,067 mm
4160:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4079:Chengdu Metro
4076:
4071:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4053:Trams in Asia
4043:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3962:
3957:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3931:(305 m);
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3875:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3852:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3614:Halle (Saale)
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3300:By contrast,
3298:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3235:than without.
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3199:Disadvantages
3193:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3141:of which the
3140:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:Manufacturer
2929:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2912:Manufacturing
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2879:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2847:loading gauge
2842:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:railroad ties
2759:
2755:
2751:
2750:rail profiles
2743:
2742:Cross section
2739:
2734:
2733:Tramway track
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2548:
2545:A section of
2543:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2474:trolley poles
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2454:foot controls
2451:
2450:PCC streetcar
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2418:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:Double-Decker
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:rapid transit
2319:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:Midland Metro
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2074:
2066:
2063:
2056:
2053:An emergency
2051:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:Wolverhampton
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1836:multiple unit
1833:
1829:
1828:overhead wire
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:bow collector
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
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1766:multiple unit
1763:
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1669:overhead wire
1666:
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1583:Trafford Park
1580:
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1500:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:lose traction
1476:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:Highgate Hill
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:San Francisco
1371:
1369:
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1337:
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1326:
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1286:Gamba de Legn
1283:
1279:
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1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:Victor Harbor
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1137:New York City
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:Fourth Avenue
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
971:
966:
961:
951:
947:
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935:
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928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:tourist buses
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
788:
783:
779:
777:
773:
769:
764:
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754:
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746:
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733:
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724:
720:
710:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:bow collector
657:
653:
652:overhead line
649:
645:
644:rapid transit
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
611:that runs on
610:
606:
602:
598:
586:
581:
579:
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567:
566:
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563:
560:
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541:
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430:
429:
428:
427:Rapid transit
425:
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411:
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403:
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401:
400:
396:
395:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
353:Regional rail
351:
349:
348:Commuter rail
346:
344:
341:
339:
338:Bogie (truck)
336:
334:
331:
327:
326:Dual coupling
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
307:
306:Railroad cars
304:
302:
299:
295:
292:
291:
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287:
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282:
281:
280:
279:
276:
275:rolling stock
272:
271:
263:
260:
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248:
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241:
238:
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235:Railway track
233:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
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216:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:
204:
203:
196:
195:Company types
193:
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96:
92:
80:
76:
71:
64:
63:
60:
55:
39:
35:
30:
23:
13165:Road hazards
13121:
13096:Timing point
13081:Request stop
13024:Other topics
12881:Bus bunching
12865:Travel class
12824:Radial route
12804:Circle route
12788:Transit pass
12749:Penalty fare
12709:Fare evasion
12704:Fare capping
12689:Dead mileage
12646:Transit mall
12369:Gondola lift
12148:Microtransit
12097:
12056:People mover
11969:Circle route
11884:Open top bus
11847:Circle route
11765:
11755:
11739:
11702:
11687:
11672:
11658:
11644:
11630:
11615:
11600:
11578:
11561:
11547:
11533:
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11511:
11496:
11482:
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11451:
11416:
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11387:
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11365:
11358:
11343:
11336:
11321:
11314:
11307:
11288:
11273:
11266:
11247:
11240:
11197:. Retrieved
11188:
11135:– via
11129:. Retrieved
11120:
11073:
11068:– via
11050:
10991:
10982:Bibliography
10967:. Retrieved
10958:
10946:. Retrieved
10937:
10925:. Retrieved
10915:
10903:. Retrieved
10883:
10870:
10861:
10848:
10839:
10830:
10821:
10809:. Retrieved
10795:
10787:
10786:The chapter
10782:
10771:
10762:
10750:
10745:
10729:
10724:
10712:. Retrieved
10698:
10686:. Retrieved
10672:
10660:. Retrieved
10646:
10634:. Retrieved
10620:
10608:. Retrieved
10604:the original
10594:
10582:. Retrieved
10578:the original
10568:
10556:. Retrieved
10552:the original
10542:
10530:. Retrieved
10516:
10504:. Retrieved
10490:
10479:
10467:. Retrieved
10457:
10445:. Retrieved
10435:
10423:. Retrieved
10413:
10401:. Retrieved
10391:
10379:. Retrieved
10365:
10357:
10353:
10348:
10335:
10328:
10323:
10311:. Retrieved
10302:
10292:
10280:. Retrieved
10271:
10262:
10250:. Retrieved
10236:
10214:
10209:
10201:
10193:
10126:
10107:
10097:
10083:
10071:. Retrieved
10067:the original
10062:
10053:
10041:. Retrieved
10027:
10015:. Retrieved
10011:the original
9996:
9986:
9974:. Retrieved
9965:
9955:
9946:
9939:. Retrieved
9935:the original
9930:Toronto Star
9928:
9918:
9909:
9902:. Retrieved
9893:Toronto Star
9891:
9878:
9869:
9862:. Retrieved
9858:the original
9853:Toronto Star
9851:
9841:
9829:. Retrieved
9825:
9815:
9803:. Retrieved
9796:the original
9783:
9774:
9762:. Retrieved
9748:
9736:. Retrieved
9721:
9709:. Retrieved
9694:
9685:
9673:. Retrieved
9659:
9647:. Retrieved
9639:"Paris 1930"
9632:
9620:. Retrieved
9610:
9586:27 September
9584:. Retrieved
9560:
9556:
9530:. Retrieved
9515:
9503:. Retrieved
9499:the original
9489:
9477:. Retrieved
9463:
9451:. Retrieved
9437:
9425:. Retrieved
9410:
9398:. Retrieved
9383:
9371:. Retrieved
9357:
9345:. Retrieved
9330:
9318:. Retrieved
9303:
9293:27 September
9291:. Retrieved
9287:the original
9280:
9271:
9259:. Retrieved
9245:
9233:. Retrieved
9218:
9192:. Retrieved
9178:
9166:. Retrieved
9152:
9140:. Retrieved
9126:
9114:. Retrieved
9106:"Paris 2016"
9099:
9087:. Retrieved
9073:
9061:. Retrieved
9046:
9020:. Retrieved
9005:
8993:. Retrieved
8979:
8967:. Retrieved
8953:
8927:. Retrieved
8915:
8903:. Retrieved
8888:
8876:. Retrieved
8862:
8850:. Retrieved
8835:
8823:. Retrieved
8808:
8796:. Retrieved
8782:
8769:
8760:
8748:. Retrieved
8733:
8721:. Retrieved
8707:
8695:. Retrieved
8680:
8668:. Retrieved
8653:
8629:14 September
8627:. Retrieved
8623:the original
8613:
8600:
8591:
8579:. Retrieved
8565:
8539:. Retrieved
8511:. Retrieved
8496:
8483:
8458:
8448:
8435:
8425:
8413:. Retrieved
8409:the original
8399:
8380:
8372:
8368:
8357:
8345:. Retrieved
8331:
8319:. Retrieved
8305:
8291:
8287:
8282:
8270:. Retrieved
8266:the original
8251:
8239:. Retrieved
8235:the original
8225:
8213:. Retrieved
8209:the original
8184:. Retrieved
8170:
8158:. Retrieved
8138:
8120:
8112:
8107:
8095:
8083:. Retrieved
8079:the original
8069:
8057:. Retrieved
8053:
8044:
8035:
8026:
8012:
8004:
8003:John Yonge,
7999:
7987:. Retrieved
7976:
7967:
7955:. Retrieved
7942:Random House
7936:
7926:
7914:. Retrieved
7886:. Retrieved
7873:
7861:. Retrieved
7850:
7827:
7815:. Retrieved
7806:
7796:
7777:
7757:
7750:
7731:
7705:. Retrieved
7696:
7684:. Retrieved
7680:
7671:
7659:
7647:
7635:. Retrieved
7631:the original
7621:
7609:
7597:. Retrieved
7593:
7583:
7564:
7558:
7550:
7545:
7533:. Retrieved
7529:the original
7519:
7507:. Retrieved
7503:the original
7493:
7481:. Retrieved
7467:
7455:. Retrieved
7441:
7429:. Retrieved
7425:the original
7415:
7403:
7381:
7372:
7360:. Retrieved
7351:
7342:
7322:
7313:
7306:Hammond 2011
7267:. Retrieved
7252:
7240:. Retrieved
7236:the original
7225:
7213:. Retrieved
7199:
7190:
7180:
7171:
7162:
7150:. Retrieved
7146:the original
7141:
7132:
7120:. Retrieved
7116:the original
7106:
7094:. Retrieved
7090:the original
7085:
7076:
7064:. Retrieved
7054:
7042:. Retrieved
7032:
7020:. Retrieved
7013:
7004:
6993:
6974:
6969:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6938:. Retrieved
6929:
6917:. Retrieved
6913:the original
6903:
6891:. Retrieved
6881:
6869:. Retrieved
6860:
6851:
6842:
6830:. Retrieved
6826:the original
6821:
6812:
6800:
6773:
6761:
6749:
6737:
6725:. Retrieved
6711:
6695:
6687:
6674:
6665:
6645:
6638:
6626:. Retrieved
6612:
6603:
6594:
6585:
6576:
6563:
6554:
6542:. Retrieved
6538:
6529:
6412:Other topics
5992:Fontaine Fox
5985:
5916:
5834:
5823:
5789:
5774:
5771:Judy Garland
5744:
5731:
5722:wrote about
5720:Rev W. Awdry
5705:Len Deighton
5698:
5691:In his 1967
5670:The Tin Drum
5665:
5662:Günter Grass
5651:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5608:
5593:
5572:
5562:
5542:
5520:
5512:
5499:
5493:
5484:Lisbon trams
5465:
5453:
5440:
5422:
5403:London trams
5379:
5369:
5366:Vivien Leigh
5352:
5343:
5340:
5292:0.65 in
5288:16.5 mm
5276:
5257:
5205:Antoni Gaudí
5170:Isaac Nathan
5104:conurbation.
5070:operates in
5029:Buenos Aires
5021:Buenos Aires
4997:Lisbon trams
4971:Kapiti Coast
4921:Queen Street
4905:Queen Street
4849:New Plymouth
4841:Invercargill
4829:Christchurch
4523:
4503:
4434:Peterborough
4395:
4361:
4340:Philadelphia
4316:people-mover
4307:
4305:
4274:
4270:
3974:Buenos Aires
3966:
3884:January 2018
3881:
3873:
3850:
3835:
3456:
3360:
3354:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3290:
3282:
3281:
3277:
2933:Firm orders
2923:
2918:
2915:
2891:
2843:
2835:narrow gauge
2828:
2790:
2773:grooved rail
2770:
2747:
2710:
2706:
2693:
2673:
2610:, sometimes
2576:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2502:
2463:
2460:Power supply
2439:
2426:
2401:Rubber-tired
2397:Double Ended
2394:Single Ended
2371:
2340:Spårväg City
2325:
2308:
2304:diesel trams
2282:
2258:
2238:
2218:
2201:
2182:
2145:
2104:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2044:
2013:
2009:
1972:Glenelg Tram
1969:
1890:
1860:established
1852:
1832:trolley pole
1806:
1775:
1715:
1674:In Britain,
1673:
1661:Lichterfelde
1642:
1605:
1601:
1589:
1587:
1563:Jelenia Góra
1547:Clifton Hill
1532:
1492:
1488:track brakes
1480:
1448:
1427:
1417:
1406:
1387:
1372:
1361:
1340:Cable-hauled
1333:superheating
1321:
1294:
1285:
1262:Christchurch
1247:
1174:
1142:
1122:trolley pole
1111:
1107:
1088:
1041:
994:
975:
949:
931:
921:, including
914:
910:
904:
900:
898:
881:
873:
866:conduit cars
863:
854:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
792:
775:
771:
748:
741:railroad car
722:
718:
716:
695:
676:
664:contact shoe
656:trolley pole
637:
628:
624:
620:
617:right-of-way
609:rail vehicle
604:
600:
596:
594:
404:
273:Service and
138:
22:old revision
19:
18:
13101:Transit map
13076:Public good
12993:and signage
12850:First class
12764:Smart cards
12739:Money train
12601:Kassel kerb
12561:Bus station
12349:Cable ferry
12316:Ocean liner
12296:Cable ferry
12153:Paratransit
11914:Transit bus
11909:Shuttle bus
11857:Express bus
11812:Bus service
11594:McGraw-Hill
11398:). London:
11217:|work=
10803:. Ryco.be.
10327:The London
10181:914 mm
9948:streetcars.
9941:8 September
9904:8 September
9864:8 September
9826:Global News
9417:"Lyon 2016"
8484:tundria.com
8339:. Trb.org.
8298:Rod Diridon
7863:23 February
7408:Malone 1928
7215:19 November
6940:10 February
6893:22 December
6871:23 December
6805:Dunbar 1967
6793:Dunbar 1967
6766:Dunbar 1967
6754:Dunbar 1967
6742:Dunbar 1967
6544:19 February
6493:Toronto PCC
6366: [
6288: [
6277: [
6220: [
6198: [
5953:The drama,
5883:Visual arts
5605:James Joyce
5559:Henry James
5514:Dodesukaden
5490:Luis Buñuel
5277:In the US,
5262:(1:87) and
5178:bushrangers
5057:Cuenca tram
5023:since 1987.
4879:and Kamara.
4811:New Zealand
4695:Rockhampton
4639:Broken Hill
4563:Kansas City
4534:Little Rock
4438:Quebec City
4332:New Orleans
4328:Mexico City
4217:Philippines
4190:tram system
3814:Montpellier
3524:Los Angeles
3361:straßenbahn
3171:tram-trains
3099:efficiently
3006:Kinkisharyo
2831:track gauge
2819:Track gauge
2760:track with
2685:Montpellier
2377:Articulated
2346:series and
2267:Liquid fuel
2185:Port Arthur
2177:Port Arthur
2158:Human power
2046:centuries.
1886:Scandinavia
1876:introduced
1778:model train
1688:838 mm
1645:Sestroretsk
1523:North Wales
1444:Isle of Man
1364:fixed track
1305:Rockhampton
1301:steam dummy
1297:tram engine
1284:; the last
1258:tram engine
1234:tram engine
1224:Steam dummy
1220:Tram engine
1208:gmina Mrozy
1181:Isle of Man
1161:Mexico City
1139:until 1917.
954:Horse-drawn
876:in the US (
823:trolleycars
813:. The term
739:or freight
737:goods wagon
687:tram-trains
521:Terminology
466:Attractions
453:Miscellanea
289:Locomotives
247:Track gauge
240:Maintenance
20:This is an
13144:Categories
13051:Dwell time
13041:Crush load
12991:Technology
12911:Short turn
12874:Scheduling
12838:Facilities
12626:Queue jump
12546:Bus garage
12448:Carsharing
12326:Water taxi
12306:Hovercraft
12258:Car jockey
12250:Carpooling
12225:Share taxi
12195:Marshrutka
12160:Dollar van
12103:Tram-train
12031:Light rail
12026:Interurban
11989:Heavy rail
11919:Trolleybus
11879:Marshrutka
11862:Guided bus
11258:. London:
11091:|via=
10399:Nla.gov.au
10219:, p. 451.
10158:, 1422mm,
9976:31 October
9805:21 January
8272:8 December
8241:8 December
8215:8 December
8186:8 December
8036:IFLScience
7574:0731667158
7044:8 December
6984:1612435769
6832:21 January
6591:"tram, n."
6521:References
6217:K-1 (tram)
6190:Gothawagen
6078:Tram types
5814:Television
5803:Indie Rock
5753:, to near
5686:Gerresheim
5678:Düsseldorf
5552:Literature
5539:Volkswagen
5498:(English:
5460:Judge Doom
5252:tram model
5240:See also:
5220:dérailleur
5173:accident).
4897:Light rail
4887:earthquake
4873:Charleston
4818:Wellington
4663:Launceston
4659:Kalgoorlie
4593:See also:
4551:Cincinnati
4507:Muni Metro
4482:Whitehorse
4476:, and the
4344:Pittsburgh
4073:A tram in
4057:See also:
3978:trolleybus
3951:Historical
3855:Statistics
3742:Sacramento
3602:Manchester
3590:Gothenburg
3566:streetcars
3534:streetcars
3369:light rail
3192:greenspace
3135:heavy rail
3128:heavy rail
3077:Advantages
2941:Bombardier
2801:map detail
2766:grass turf
2717:Strasbourg
2635:ring lines
2616:Manchester
2608:Birmingham
2604:Nottingham
2517:third rail
2488:; when an
2470:pantograph
2442:locomotive
2430:light rail
2406:Tram-train
2150:using the
2129:Birmingham
2042:system).
1980:Goldfields
1941:Launceston
1937:Kalgoorlie
1543:Alphington
1519:Great Orme
1503:Wellington
1436:Kennington
1399:The first
1379:cable grip
1329:condensers
1309:Queensland
1256:(called a
1218:See also:
1201:Disneyland
1185:horse tram
1099:Alexandria
1068:Manchester
1052:Birmingham
1001:horsebuses
986:Birkenhead
906:trolleybus
859:Old French
825:or later,
811:trolleycar
785:A sign in
745:coal mines
743:) used in
691:interurban
679:light rail
668:third rail
648:pantograph
471:By country
422:Interurban
417:Light rail
262:Dual gauge
213:Management
150:Preserved
13015:Timetable
12744:Paid area
12694:Exit fare
12661:Ticketing
12641:Tram stop
12556:Bus stand
12529:Locations
12510:Slope car
12480:Hyperloop
12470:Escalator
12431:transport
12410:Escalator
12398:transport
12364:Funicular
12321:Vaporetto
12311:Hydrofoil
12230:Songthaew
12200:Nanny van
12185:Limousine
12128:Boda boda
11984:Funicular
11959:Cable car
11842:Charabanc
11219:ignored (
11209:cite book
11145:cite book
11081:cite book
11020:cite book
11012:487529500
10313:8 January
10229:1460-8324
10202:La Nación
10186:3 ft
10161:4 ft
10007:1460-8324
9831:1 January
7015:The Argus
6509:Tram stop
6353:Variotram
6313:Tatra KT4
5921:Victorian
5872:Blackpool
5743:'s novel
5561:'s novel
5476:Melbourne
5472:Melbourne
5458:involves
5209:Barcelona
5186:Melbourne
5135:Incidents
5094:Argentina
4983:Ferrymead
4853:Greymouth
4781:Newcastle
4687:Newcastle
4675:Melbourne
4643:Fremantle
4616:Australia
4567:Milwaukee
4547:Charlotte
4521:in 1981.
4519:San Diego
4454:Vancouver
4446:Saskatoon
4418:Kitchener
4324:Cleveland
4205:Singapore
4201:Indonesia
4179:Beersheba
4153:Sri Lanka
4104:Hong Kong
4100:Changchun
4096:Hong Kong
4013:Indonesia
3991:Leningrad
3820:Pyongyang
3724:Karlsruhe
3702:Rotterdam
3690:streetcar
3656:Amsterdam
3620:San Diego
3540:Stuttgart
3500:Bucharest
3380:Melbourne
3373:stadtbahn
3365:fast tram
3357:streetcar
3317:Melbourne
3240:By region
3179:Stadtbahn
3175:pre-metro
3159:Melbourne
3143:Bury Line
3060:Durmazlar
2894:bus stops
2859:Tram stop
2853:Tram stop
2797:Amsterdam
2758:ballasted
2723:in 2021.
2677:Amsterdam
2668:Stockholm
2592:Blackpool
2588:Hong Kong
2549:track in
2505:Manhattan
2494:capacitor
2490:insulator
2412:Operation
2390:Low-floor
2309:Although
2090:batteries
1949:Newcastle
1925:Fremantle
1905:Doncaster
1897:Melbourne
1874:Ljubljana
1866:Bucharest
1820:streetcar
1760:built by
1680:re-gauged
1591:The Argus
1571:Sobieszów
1551:Melbourne
1515:Llandudno
1507:funicular
1424:suspended
1409:Melbourne
1317:Södermalm
1313:Stockholm
1236:from the
1056:Leningrad
1005:Baltimore
927:Vancouver
819:horsecars
815:streetcar
803:streetcar
640:main line
601:streetcar
496:Modelling
476:Companies
461:Accidents
284:Operating
218:Rail yard
154:tram, in
13031:Boarding
12947:Security
12920:Politics
12783:Transfer
12576:Dry dock
12566:Bus stop
12551:Bus lane
12541:Bus bulb
12520:Vactrain
12500:Robotaxi
12465:Elevator
12443:Airliner
12405:Elevator
12396:Building
12379:tricable
12359:Elevator
12273:Slugging
12115:for hire
12113:Vehicles
12046:Monorail
12016:Horsecar
11942:glossary
11624:12723934
11227:Invalid
11186:(1928).
11163:Invalid
11131:11 March
11102:Invalid
11027:Invalid
10896:Archived
10875:Archived
10853:Archived
10805:Archived
10708:Archived
10682:Archived
10656:Archived
10630:Archived
10526:Archived
10500:Archived
10447:21 April
10425:21 April
10375:Archived
10307:Archived
10282:5 August
10276:Archived
10252:12 March
10246:Archived
10150: in
10115:Archived
10091:Archived
10073:23 April
10043:12 March
10037:Archived
9970:Archived
9898:Archived
9758:Archived
9738:12 March
9732:Archived
9711:12 March
9705:Archived
9669:Archived
9649:12 March
9643:Archived
9596:cite web
9577:Archived
9532:12 March
9526:Archived
9505:12 March
9479:12 March
9473:Archived
9453:12 March
9447:Archived
9427:12 March
9421:Archived
9400:12 March
9394:Archived
9373:12 March
9367:Archived
9347:12 March
9341:Archived
9320:12 March
9314:Archived
9261:12 March
9255:Archived
9235:12 March
9229:Archived
9204:cite web
9188:Archived
9168:12 March
9162:Archived
9142:12 March
9136:Archived
9116:12 March
9110:Archived
9089:12 March
9083:Archived
9063:12 March
9057:Archived
9032:cite web
9022:12 March
9016:Archived
8995:12 March
8989:Archived
8969:12 March
8963:Archived
8939:cite web
8905:12 March
8899:Archived
8878:12 March
8872:Archived
8852:12 March
8846:Archived
8825:12 March
8819:Archived
8798:12 March
8792:Archived
8774:Archived
8750:12 March
8744:Archived
8697:12 March
8691:Archived
8670:12 March
8664:Archived
8639:cite web
8605:Archived
8581:12 March
8575:Archived
8551:cite web
8513:12 March
8507:Archived
8488:Archived
8463:Archived
8440:Archived
8388:Archived
8341:Archived
8315:Archived
8180:Archived
8160:12 March
8151:Archived
8130:Archived
7934:(1987).
7811:Archived
7785:Archived
7739:Archived
7717:cite web
7707:19 April
7535:25 April
7477:Archived
7451:Archived
7362:10 March
7356:Archived
7269:7 August
7263:Archived
7242:20 March
7209:Archived
7082:"Google"
7022:10 March
6721:Archived
6694:(1967).
6679:Archived
6622:Archived
6568:Archived
6473:Premetro
6464:Minecart
6318:TMK 2200
6250:, Turkey
6212:Incentro
6180:Eurotram
6135:Citytram
6043:See also
5999:Brooklyn
5895:city of
5893:Scottish
5851:and the
5799:Slowcore
5696:thriller
5640:—
5587:tramcar.
5577:—
5511:'s film
5480:Adelaide
5332: in
5310: in
5260:HO scale
5167:composer
5163:musician
5151:disaster
5124:Santiago
5113:Colombia
5109:Medellín
4977:and the
4937:Westgate
4917:Onehunga
4893:Auckland
4869:Brighton
4861:Hokitika
4857:Westport
4837:Gisborne
4825:Auckland
4800:Tasmania
4734:grip car
4699:Sorrento
4683:Wallaroo
4671:Maitland
4635:Brisbane
4627:Ballarat
4623:Adelaide
4609:Auckland
4538:Portland
4426:Montreal
4414:Kingston
4410:Hamilton
4402:Edmonton
4389:made by
4367:Americas
4300:Americas
4232:Pakistan
4213:Pakistan
4209:Malaysia
4186:Thailand
4144:in 1960.
4108:Wuyishan
3802:Szczecin
3796:Shenyang
3718:Mykolaiv
3696:Dortmund
3626:Pavlodar
3488:Brussels
3433:Budapest
3313:Ventotto
3224:systems.
3221:geometry
2936:Options
2815:entry).
2813:Tramlink
2809:Tramlink
2793:switches
2781:pavement
2754:concrete
2698:Brussels
2681:Bordeaux
2657:Portland
2655:, as in
2642:BOGESTRA
2567:Bordeaux
2551:Bordeaux
2525:Bordeaux
2436:Controls
2336:Tramlink
2284:Hastings
2215:Hydrogen
2105:accutram
2098:Adelaide
2036:Bordeaux
2032:Hastings
1921:Brisbane
1913:Ballarat
1909:Adelaide
1901:Box Hill
1870:Belgrade
1858:Budapest
1854:Sarajevo
1816:armature
1618:Electric
1612:Malaysia
1567:Cieplice
1539:coal gas
1521:hill in
1299:(UK) or
1232:A steam
1197:Hokkaidō
1048:Budapest
960:Horsecar
915:trolleys
874:trolleys
835:traveler
827:trolleys
787:Portland
776:Tram-car
763:la trame
621:tramways
543:Vactrain
333:Wheelset
158:, Poland
79:contribs
69:JHunterJ
38:contribs
28:JHunterJ
13086:Service
12891:Headway
12855:Sleeper
12797:Routing
12772:Calypso
12768:CIPURSE
12606:Layover
12536:Airport
12438:Airline
12374:bicable
12278:Vanpool
12240:Tuk tuk
12180:Jeepney
12170:Gondola
12066:Railbus
11760:. 1905.
11738:(ed.).
11269:, 33, 3
10969:22 July
10927:8 March
10905:8 March
10871:The Age
10811:8 March
10714:8 March
10688:8 March
10662:8 March
10636:8 March
10610:8 March
10584:8 March
10558:8 March
10532:8 March
10506:8 March
10469:22 July
10403:8 March
10381:8 March
10338:tramway
10145:⁄
9764:8 March
9675:8 March
9622:22 July
9194:20 June
8415:8 March
8347:8 March
8321:8 March
8085:8 March
8059:8 March
7978:The Age
7637:22 July
7599:22 July
7509:8 March
7483:8 March
7457:8 March
7431:8 March
7152:27 July
7122:8 March
7096:22 July
7066:8 March
6919:8 March
6727:8 March
6628:8 March
6503:TRAM EM
6424:Capabus
6333:TW 6000
6323:Tramino
6229:Konstal
6185:Flexity
6145:Crotram
6140:Combino
6036:Sanford
5908:Europe.
5897:Glasgow
5889:Tramway
5805:group,
5726:called
5682:surreal
5680:. In a
5610:Ulysses
5522:Tramvaj
5492:filmed
5467:Malcolm
5434:and in
5327:⁄
5305:⁄
5264:O scale
5196:In the
5190:£2.10.0
5090:Mendoza
5053:Ecuador
5040:of the
4969:on the
4877:Kamiere
4833:Dunedin
4785:Wickham
4667:Leonora
4651:Geelong
4631:Bendigo
4589:Oceania
4575:Seattle
4559:Detroit
4543:Atlanta
4526:Memphis
4450:Windsor
4406:Halifax
4398:Calgary
4363:Toronto
4352:Toronto
4221:Vietnam
4194:Lopburi
4149:Colombo
4138:Chennai
4134:Kolkata
4116:Jiaxing
4112:Baoshan
4075:Chengdu
3874:updated
3843:Map of
3778:Donetsk
3766:Ostrava
3668:Antwerp
3650:Toronto
3546:Hanover
3518:Dresden
3482:Leipzig
3409:Cologne
3392:Kharkiv
3321:W class
3112:engine.
3028:Stadler
2963:Siemens
2775:with a
2661:El Paso
2644:or the
2344:Flexity
2298:trams.
2294:, used
2292:Karachi
2251:and on
2245:Trieste
2204:Taranna
2117:Bergamo
2113:Bendigo
2094:Bendigo
2077:Battery
2028:Torquay
1976:Glenelg
1945:Leonora
1929:Geelong
1917:Bendigo
1782:voltage
1726:Toronto
1559:Estonia
1555:Dresden
1537:gas or
1535:naphtha
1459:pulleys
1440:Brixton
1420:Dresden
1390:Chicago
1383:Dunedin
1290:Magenta
1179:in the
1169:Fintona
940:History
923:Seattle
901:trolley
845:; this
831:troller
807:trolley
799:tramway
723:tramway
672:freight
607:) is a
605:trolley
516:Suicide
501:Museums
432:History
410:History
388:Freight
190:History
12591:Harbor
12586:Hangar
12505:Shweeb
12210:Pesero
12165:Dolmuş
12036:Maglev
11889:Pesero
11872:driver
11825:driver
11709:
11694:
11679:
11665:
11651:
11637:
11622:
11607:
11585:
11568:
11554:
11540:
11526:
11503:
11489:
11474:
11459:
11442:
11423:
11415:1967.
11409:(1976)
11394:
11372:
11350:
11328:
11295:
11280:
11254:
11199:31 May
11062:
11010:
11000:
10736:
10626:"Main"
10341:wheel.
10227:
10005:
8929:19 May
8723:5 June
8541:19 May
7989:4 July
7957:5 July
7948:
7916:5 July
7911:UNESCO
7888:4 July
7817:2 June
7765:
7571:
6981:
6702:
6653:
6285:Spektr
6266:LM/LVS
6120:Birney
6115:Avanto
5959:ballet
5948:Ballet
5849:Sprout
5713:Ostend
5658:Danzig
5603:") of
5535:Herbie
5524:(Tram)
5049:Cuenca
5038:Line E
4973:, the
4961:, the
4945:Huapai
4903:, via
4845:Napier
4796:Hobart
4745:G:link
4705:, and
4703:Sydney
4679:Moonta
4655:Hobart
4647:Gawler
4581:, and
4579:Tucson
4555:Dallas
4532:, and
4474:Nelson
4452:, and
4442:Regina
4430:Ottawa
4422:London
4358:Canada
4350:, and
4336:Newark
4320:Boston
4246:Europe
4228:Gwadar
4219:, and
4142:Mumbai
4120:Haikou
4092:Dalian
4036:Africa
3999:Vienna
3830:Gdańsk
3784:Poznań
3674:Denver
3662:Munich
3644:Zurich
3608:Dnipro
3596:Kassel
3556:Bremen
3550:Zagreb
3512:Warsaw
3506:Prague
3451:Vienna
3439:Dnipro
3421:Moscow
3415:Berlin
3403:Odessa
3363:) and
3323:. The
3271:
3265:
3252:, and
3163:Sydney
3155:Boston
3151:London
3072:Debate
2952:Alstom
2777:groove
2689:Berlin
2627:London
2600:Bergen
2509:plough
2362:Design
2330:. The
2296:petrol
2235:Hybrid
2189:Hobart
1989:G:link
1985:Sydney
1957:Sydney
1955:, and
1933:Hobart
1830:and a
1792:, and
1696:Vienna
1569:, and
1525:, UK.
1455:cables
1413:Sydney
1270:Munich
1205:Polish
1095:Sydney
1064:London
1060:Lisbon
1021:Bowery
997:paving
925:, and
839:roller
439:Maglev
301:Trains
156:Kraków
12666:fares
12429:Other
12336:Cable
12301:Ferry
11734:. In
10948:2 May
10899:(PDF)
10892:(PDF)
10017:3 May
9799:(PDF)
9792:(PDF)
9580:(PDF)
9573:(PDF)
8924:(PDF)
8717:(PDF)
8154:(PDF)
8147:(PDF)
7686:4 May
6370:]
6343:Urbos
6292:]
6281:]
6248:Bursa
6239:Sirio
6224:]
6202:]
5980:Other
5966:Opera
5762:Music
5601:Hades
5430:, in
5426:: in
5357:Drama
5128:Chile
5092:, in
4959:MOTAT
4952:MOTAT
4941:Kumeu
4713:peak.
4691:Perth
4530:Tampa
4314:or a
4088:China
3824:Essen
3790:Minsk
3772:Basel
3736:Porto
3632:Turin
3572:Paris
3476:Sofia
3427:Milan
3289:) or
3050:Škoda
2727:Track
2713:Basel
2631:Paris
2573:Route
2102:Hague
2055:earth
1953:Perth
1724:, in
1647:near
1579:Neath
1282:Padua
1278:Milan
1250:steam
1242:Brühl
1214:Steam
1072:Paris
982:Wales
980:, in
855:troll
809:, or
757:trame
729:word
727:Scots
702:steel
666:on a
658:or a
444:Urban
12664:and
12621:Port
12288:Ship
12235:Taxi
12098:Tram
11929:Rail
11830:list
11707:ISBN
11692:ISBN
11677:ISBN
11663:ISBN
11649:ISBN
11635:ISBN
11620:OCLC
11605:ISBN
11583:ISBN
11566:ISBN
11552:ISBN
11538:ISBN
11524:ISBN
11501:ISBN
11487:ISBN
11472:ISBN
11457:ISBN
11440:ISBN
11421:ISBN
11392:ISBN
11370:ISBN
11348:ISBN
11326:ISBN
11293:ISBN
11278:ISBN
11252:ISBN
11233:help
11221:help
11201:2017
11176:link
11169:help
11157:help
11133:2017
11108:help
11096:help
11060:ISBN
11033:help
11008:OCLC
10998:ISBN
10971:2019
10950:2019
10929:2015
10907:2015
10813:2015
10756:IMDb
10734:ISBN
10716:2015
10690:2015
10664:2015
10638:2015
10612:2015
10586:2015
10560:2015
10534:2015
10508:2015
10471:2019
10449:2018
10427:2018
10405:2015
10383:2015
10315:2016
10284:2015
10254:2017
10225:ISSN
10075:2019
10045:2017
10019:2014
10003:ISSN
9978:2012
9943:2014
9906:2014
9866:2014
9833:2020
9807:2016
9766:2015
9740:2017
9713:2017
9677:2015
9651:2017
9624:2019
9602:link
9588:2016
9534:2017
9507:2017
9481:2017
9455:2017
9429:2017
9402:2017
9375:2017
9349:2017
9322:2017
9295:2013
9263:2017
9237:2017
9210:link
9196:2013
9170:2017
9144:2017
9118:2017
9091:2017
9065:2017
9038:link
9024:2017
8997:2017
8971:2017
8945:link
8931:2020
8907:2017
8880:2017
8854:2017
8827:2017
8800:2017
8752:2017
8725:2019
8699:2017
8672:2017
8645:link
8631:2013
8583:2017
8557:link
8543:2020
8515:2017
8417:2015
8349:2015
8323:2015
8274:2012
8243:2012
8217:2012
8188:2012
8162:2017
8087:2015
8061:2015
7991:2015
7959:2015
7946:ISBN
7918:2015
7890:2015
7865:2018
7819:2016
7763:ISBN
7723:link
7709:2020
7688:2020
7639:2019
7601:2019
7569:ISBN
7537:2012
7511:2015
7485:2015
7459:2015
7433:2015
7364:2017
7271:2007
7244:2013
7217:2010
7154:2011
7124:2015
7098:2019
7068:2015
7046:2012
7024:2013
6979:ISBN
6942:2019
6921:2015
6895:2008
6873:2008
6834:2018
6729:2015
6700:ISBN
6651:ISBN
6630:2015
6546:2018
6468:tram
6308:T-69
6303:T-68
6299:etc.
6254:SL95
6234:PESA
6100:AKSM
5870:. A
5807:Tram
5718:The
5533:The
5478:and
5436:1995
5432:1984
5428:1951
5413:and
5393:Film
5272:Lima
5270:and
5268:Roco
5165:and
5077:The
4923:and
4915:and
4911:via
4865:Ross
4597:and
4308:tram
4294:The
4118:and
4098:and
4047:Asia
3808:Graz
3760:Lyon
3730:Brno
3712:Lviv
3688:and
3680:Iași
3584:Riga
3564:and
3532:and
3494:Łódź
3468:and
3386:Kiev
3161:and
2985:CRRC
2980:112
2969:205
2958:202
2947:296
2702:Rome
2683:and
2629:and
2606:and
2598:and
2239:The
2096:and
2030:and
1882:Oslo
1868:and
1824:axle
1742:Lamm
1545:and
1493:The
1325:coke
1280:and
1222:and
1023:and
932:The
882:tram
837:and
797:and
795:tram
772:tram
749:tram
732:tram
721:and
719:tram
642:and
629:tram
597:tram
405:Tram
228:list
111:diff
105:) |
103:diff
91:diff
75:talk
34:talk
11820:Bus
10754:at
10178:),
10168:),
9282:GVB
6274:КТМ
6270:MTV
6260:RVR
5845:PBS
5739:In
5693:spy
5664:'s
5607:'s
5507:In
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