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123:
1623:
84:(Moved "See also" section to proper location in article flow. Actually, most or all of those entries should be deleted, as they are either already linked in the prose, or they are not closely connected enough to the article.)
49:(Moved "See also" section to proper location in article flow. Actually, most or all of those entries should be deleted, as they are either already linked in the prose, or they are not closely connected enough to the article.)
389:
Subsidence of the basin stopped for good by the later part of the
Guadalupian. Capitan Reef was the largest in the basin, and it rapidly grew 350 miles (560 km) around it. The facies were:
665:
675:. Additional erosion intersected the upper part of Carlsbad Cavern and other caves, forming their entrances. Drying of cave air has reduced the growth rate of speleothems,
493:
precipitated from the briny body of water on its margin and on nearshore areas. This salt layer covered an increasingly large area as the water level dropped, forming the
652:
excavation occurred in the phreatic zone. These pauses in emergence are thought to be responsible for creating the different levels in
Carlsbad Caverns. Precipitation of
293:
1732:
1130:
672:
513:
577:
in the limestone of the higher areas and eroded sediment helped fill any remaining
Permian-aged caves. Unlike most other caves in limestone, in this case the
179:
556:
548:
257:
398:
331:
289:
206:
225:. Structurally the Delaware, Midland and Marfa were foreland basins created when the Ouachita Mountains were uplifted as the southern continent
1705:
524:
circulated in the buried limestone formations, dissolving away caves and underground caverns which were later destroyed by infill and erosion.
371:
131:
127:
1813:
210:
1125:
1830:
1916:
106:
94:
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645:
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1241:
110:
90:
102:
1160:
696:
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1700:
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1118:
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Offshore accumulations of sand and limey ooze in the basin were lithified into sandstone and limestone belonging to the
151:
78:
37:
1825:
1764:
1389:
500:
Delaware Basin was filled at least to the top of
Capitan Reef and mostly covered by dry land before the end of the
182:, the ovoid shaped subsiding Delaware Basin extended over 10,000 square miles (26,000 km²) in what is now western
1769:
1467:
1113:
1035:
1002:
668:
and were found to be 500,000 to 600,000 years old. This indicates that the Big Room level was dry by that time.
551:
forms the downfallen block. Capitan Reef limestone was exposed above the surface with the 1000 foot (300 m) high
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2213:
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1803:
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155:
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2339:
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2219:
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1974:
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of the upper
Permian, periodically cutting the basin off from its source of seawater. Part of the resulting
159:
67:
26:
738:, Ann G. Harris, Esther Tuttle, Sherwood D., Tuttle (Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing; 1997) ISBN 0-7872-5353-7
245:
over the basins, and a warm shallow sea flooded the surrounding area. On the other side of the equator, the
2329:
2269:
1856:
1103:
307:
of the upper
Permian the patch reefs had grown larger. Sediments deposited close to the shore are now the
2379:
2369:
2349:
2344:
2334:
2304:
1145:
1108:
288:. The sediments responsible for creating the Yeso were deposited in nearshore areas that graded into the
1752:
2359:
2289:
2279:
2274:
2249:
2009:
1891:
1820:
640:
epochs enlarged
Carlsbad Cavern and nearby caves. Parts of the major caves emerged from the saturated
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2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2014:
1896:
1774:
1609:
1601:
1150:
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epoch. Rivers migrated over its surface and deposited the red silt and sand that now constitute the
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2185:
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320:
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2090:
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2155:
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2120:
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1441:
970:
2195:
2140:
2135:
2125:
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1747:
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1450:
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1196:
1048:
547:
were thrusted into existence. The range forms the tilted upthrown part of the system and the
405:
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33:
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2145:
2115:
2080:
2070:
1757:
1682:
1591:
1586:
1552:
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1226:
664:
parts of the
Pleistocene. Speleothems found in the "Big Room" of Carlsbad were dated using
569:
eroded the softer sediment away, lowering the ground level to its current position. Acidic
312:
965:
8:
2180:
2165:
2160:
2060:
1969:
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1779:
1710:
1645:
1078:
1073:
995:
544:
269:
53:
2105:
2100:
2085:
2075:
2004:
1949:
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1309:
1279:
1259:
1206:
1088:
1068:
701:
552:
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218:
1835:
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2150:
2110:
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1959:
1939:
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1413:
1231:
1216:
1211:
1181:
960:
711:
706:
671:
The soft and easily-eroded gypsum of the
Castile Formation was removed, exposing the
509:
466:
304:
246:
186:. This period of deposition left a thickness of 1600 to 2200 feet (490 to 670 m) of
21:
1866:
2190:
1999:
1964:
1944:
1934:
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1566:
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1201:
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Capitan Reef was built primarily from calcareous sponges, encrusting algae such as
1994:
1984:
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1576:
1524:
1510:
1490:
1423:
1404:
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1334:
1319:
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1140:
975:
602:
540:
469:. The Castile consists of 1/16th inch (1.6 mm) thick laminae of alternating gray
350:
197:
A narrow outlet that geologists call the Hovey
Channel periodically supplied new
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1989:
1954:
1924:
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1314:
1191:
988:
653:
560:
303:
Subsidence of the Delaware Basin restarted later in the mid Permian and by the
98:
617:, the karst topography that was created lacks the characteristic depressions,
264:. Small banks along its margin developed along with small discontinuous patch
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1500:
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1284:
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1269:
1155:
1063:
1025:
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411:
The Capitan Formation consists of Capitan Reef and is made of reef limestone.
238:
234:
1627:
1571:
1445:
1359:
1329:
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950:
622:
454:
416:
150:
is famous for holding large oil fields and for exposing a fossilized reef.
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1374:
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521:
202:
732:, Steven M. Stanley, (W.H. Freeman and Company; 1999) ISBN 0-7167-2882-6
1979:
1715:
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1668:
1379:
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1011:
966:
Overview of the Geologic History of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico
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242:
147:
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accumulated as limy ooze in the stagnant deepest part of the basin.
285:
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187:
122:
555:
being its most prominent feature. Other large outcrops compose the
951:
National Park Service: Geology of Guadalupe Mountains National Park
661:
649:
633:
590:
536:
532:
428:
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deposited near the shore became the dolomites and sandstone of the
367:
342:
226:
222:
198:
1478:
980:
614:
586:
478:
450:
326:
Rapid subsidence of the basin started in the middle Guadalupian.
261:
214:
175:
956:
National Park Service: Geology of Carlsbad Caverns National Park
419:, and directly from seawater as a limey mud. In stark contrast,
1455:
1369:
594:
566:
501:
482:
474:
346:
335:
316:
281:
250:
230:
453:. Sedimentation continued to fill the Delaware Basin into the
449:
intensified and locked increasing amounts of water in distant
330:
responded by rapid (mostly vertical) growth, resulting in the
1015:
589:-rich brines that were freed by tectonic activity in the mid-
458:
436:
364:
308:
191:
183:
605:
and nearby modern caves started to form at this time in the
578:
574:
490:
378:
273:
265:
56:
to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
648:
with temporary periods of repose during which additional
213:
was to the southwest. All three basins were south of the
256:
The Delaware Basin temporarily stopped subsiding in the
58:
435:(well before the Permian) reefs are mainly composed of
656:-rich water that infiltrated into the cavern created
632:
Additional uplift of the Guadalupe Mountains in the
296:
in the deeper waters. Thin-bedded limestones of the
158:
protect part of the basin. It is part of the larger
485:. As the salt concentration increased, halite and
229:collided with Laurasia, forming the supercontinent
370:accumulated near the Goat Seep Reef to become the
961:Localities of the Permian: Glass Mountains, Texas
221:of mid-Texas, and part of the northern continent
2410:
621:, pits, and solutional fissures on the surface.
315:while deposition a little further out forms the
205:to the west. The somewhat smaller and shallower
781:, page 427, "The Permian System of West Texas"
349:, forming the sandstones and dolomites of the
268:in the shallow water just offshore. The first
1653:
996:
889:, page 195, section 8 and page 184, section 5
865:, page 195, section 7 and page 184, section 3
319:sandstone and scattered patch reefs of the
130:. Blue area shows area once flooded by the
1660:
1646:
1131:National Register of Historic Places Sites
1003:
989:
683:and encouraged the development of nodular
381:laid down further in the basin became the
66:Revision as of 06:44, 27 November 2009 by
750:
748:
736:Geology of National Parks: Fifth Edition
121:
47:
1667:
65:
14:
2411:
745:
1641:
984:
697:List of geographical regions in Texas
629:further reduced topographic relief.
44:
25:
276:and consists of alternating beds of
241:). The Ouachita Mountains formed a
17:
209:was just east and the much smaller
119:
88:
1010:
937:, page 185, section 7, paragraph 1
120:
2440:
1136:Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
944:
152:Guadalupe Mountains National Park
52:. The present address (URL) is a
2392:
1621:
2429:Oil fields of the United States
928:
916:
904:
901:, page 189, "Geologic Features"
892:
880:
868:
856:
2214:List of counties in New Mexico
844:
841:, page 189, "The Capitan Reef"
832:
820:
808:
796:
784:
772:
760:
666:electron-spin resonance dating
190:interbedded with dark-colored
156:Carlsbad Caverns National Park
13:
1:
722:
445:dropped as the late Permian
126:Exposed and buried parts of
7:
2424:Geologic provinces of Texas
1126:National Historic Landmarks
690:
527:Uplift associated with the
249:formed a large mountainous
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
2445:
2010:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
805:, pages 194-195, section 3
767:The Atlas of Life on Earth
613:zone. Due to the semiarid
169:
2388:
2204:
2031:
1915:
1844:
1691:
1679:
1617:
1610:List of counties in Texas
1600:
1388:
1240:
1174:
1034:
1022:
935:Geology of National Parks
925:, page 185-186, section 7
923:Geology of National Parks
911:Geology of National Parks
899:Geology of National Parks
887:Geology of National Parks
875:Geology of National Parks
863:Geology of National Parks
851:Geology of National Parks
839:Geology of National Parks
827:Geology of National Parks
815:Geology of National Parks
803:Geology of National Parks
791:Geology of National Parks
755:Geology of National Parks
247:Ancestral Rocky Mountains
1706:Census-designated places
581:was likely derived from
260:at the start of the mid-
2023:Southwestern New Mexico
383:Cherry Canyon Formation
321:Brushy Canyon Formation
294:Victoria Peak Formation
164:Mid-Continent Oil Field
45:06:44, 27 November 2009
971:Permian Basin Province
461:became the deep-water
393:Fine-grained sand and
272:that resulted was the
135:
2419:Geology of New Mexico
2399:New Mexico portal
913:, page 184, section 5
877:, page 184, section 2
853:, page 195, section 6
829:, page 195, section 5
817:, page 195, section 4
793:, page 194, section 2
757:, page 193, section 1
597:groundwater, forming
514:Dewey Lake Formations
508:and sandstone of the
406:Bell Canyon Formation
298:Bone Spring Formation
162:, itself part of the
125:
779:Earth System History
730:Earth System History
673:Guadalupe Escarpment
660:, especially in the
313:San Andres Formation
1970:Northern New Mexico
1831:Tourist attractions
1161:Tourist attractions
545:Guadalupe Mountains
431:), and even middle
355:Grayburg Formations
95:← Previous revision
2005:Shortgrass prairie
1950:Eastern New Mexico
1930:Central New Mexico
1814:Pueblos and Tribes
1265:Blackland Prairies
712:Chihuahuan Desert
702:El Capitan (Texas)
687:("cave popcorn").
219:Ouachita Mountains
136:
2406:
2405:
2050:Metropolitan Area
1960:Manzano Mountains
1940:Chihuahuan Desert
1635:
1634:
1350:Rio Grande Valley
707:McKittrick Canyon
543:along which the
467:Castile Formation
311:dolomites of the
305:Guadalupian epoch
203:Panthalassa Ocean
180:Wolfcampian epoch
178:time, during the
2436:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2000:Sandia Mountains
1965:Mogollon Plateau
1945:Colorado Plateau
1935:Chicoma Mountain
1797:New Mexico music
1662:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1628:Texas portal
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603:Carlsbad Caverns
583:hydrogen sulfide
557:Apache Mountains
549:Salt Flat Bolson
539:created a major
529:Laramide orogeny
518:Karst topography
495:Salado Formation
258:Leonardian epoch
107:Newer revision →
85:
82:
61:
59:current revision
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
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2443:
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2433:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2393:
2391:
2384:
2200:
2027:
2017:(highest point)
1995:San Luis Valley
1985:Rocky Mountains
1911:
1840:
1687:
1675:
1666:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1613:
1596:
1491:Greater Houston
1442:College Station
1391:
1384:
1355:Southeast Texas
1320:Northeast Texas
1305:Golden Triangle
1300:Edwards Plateau
1236:
1170:
1030:
1018:
1009:
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693:
593:and mixed with
423:(current era),
345:deposited in a
290:carbonate banks
217:, north of the
172:
118:
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99:Latest revision
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2019:
2018:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:San Juan Basin
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:Llano Estacado
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
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1859:
1857:Climate change
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1836:Transportation
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1775:National Guard
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1418:Greater Austin
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1315:Llano Estacado
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1166:Transportation
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1058:Climate change
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993:
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976:Delaware Basin
973:
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946:
945:External links
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654:carbon dioxide
563:to the south.
561:Glass Mountain
413:
412:
409:
402:
399:Carlsbad Group
387:
386:
375:
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332:Goat Seep Reef
171:
168:
140:Delaware Basin
68:
54:permanent link
27:
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2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Permian Basin
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:Apachian zone
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1592:Wichita Falls
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:New Braunfels
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1483:The Woodlands
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Permian Basin
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:Cross Timbers
1288:
1286:
1285:Concho Valley
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:Central Texas
1273:
1271:
1270:Brazos Valley
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
987:
986:
983:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
936:
931:
924:
919:
912:
907:
900:
895:
888:
883:
876:
871:
864:
859:
852:
847:
840:
835:
828:
823:
816:
811:
804:
799:
792:
787:
780:
775:
768:
763:
756:
751:
749:
744:
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:phreatic zone
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:sulfuric acid
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
520:developed as
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:stromatolites
410:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
391:
390:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
366:
362:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
340:
339:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Pennsylvanian
236:
235:Carboniferous
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:Midland Basin
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
167:
165:
161:
160:Permian Basin
157:
153:
149:
146:and southern
145:
141:
133:
129:
124:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
80:
76:
71:
64:
63:
60:
55:
39:
35:
30:
23:
2390:
2211:
2186:Sunland Park
2015:Wheeler Peak
1892:Homelessness
1867:Demographics
1821:Paleontology
1804:New Mexicans
1785:World War II
1753:Nuevo México
1681:
1619:
1607:
1587:Wagner Creek
1390:Metropolitan
1360:South Plains
1330:Osage Plains
1310:Hill Country
1280:Coastal Bend
1222:Homelessness
1197:Demographics
1049:Architecture
1024:
934:
930:
922:
918:
910:
906:
898:
894:
886:
882:
874:
870:
862:
858:
850:
846:
838:
834:
826:
822:
814:
810:
802:
798:
790:
786:
778:
774:
766:
762:
754:
735:
729:
670:
631:
623:Mass wasting
565:
531:in the late
526:
499:
455:Ochoan epoch
441:
427:(age of the
414:
388:
372:Getaway Bank
325:
302:
255:
233:in the Late
196:
174:By earliest
173:
139:
137:
132:Delaware Sea
128:Capitan Reef
22:old revision
19:
18:
2176:Silver City
2046:Albuquerque
1897:LGBT rights
1733:Delegations
1549:San Antonio
1433:Brownsville
1428:Port Arthur
1375:Trans-Pecos
1365:South Texas
1345:Piney Woods
1325:North Texas
1227:LGBT rights
681:stalagmites
677:stalactites
658:speleothems
638:Pleistocene
609:-saturated
607:groundwater
571:groundwater
522:groundwater
338:developed:
328:Patch reefs
280:limestone,
211:Marfa Basin
69:SMcCandlish
28:SMcCandlish
20:This is an
2413:Categories
2340:San Miguel
2325:Rio Arriba
2295:Los Alamos
2220:Bernalillo
2156:Rio Rancho
2131:Los Alamos
2121:Las Cruces
2096:Farmington
2066:Bloomfield
2041:Alamogordo
1980:Rio Grande
1902:Literature
1743:Government
1716:Bizcochito
1673:New Mexico
1544:San Angelo
1487:Sugar Land
1460:Fort Worth
1414:Round Rock
1380:West Texas
1295:East Texas
1260:Boca Chica
1250:Ark‑La‑Tex
1109:Newspapers
1104:Mass media
1099:Literature
1079:Healthcare
1074:Government
769:, page 171
723:References
717:West Texas
685:travertine
650:solutional
636:and early
627:landslides
619:sink holes
611:(phreatic)
595:oxygenated
573:excavated
553:El Capitan
535:and early
463:evaporites
447:glaciation
395:carbonates
243:rainshadow
148:New Mexico
144:West Texas
2330:Roosevelt
2270:Guadalupe
2196:Tucumcari
2141:Lovington
2136:Los Lunas
2126:Las Vegas
1882:Elections
1877:Education
1780:Civil War
1765:Landmarks
1758:Territory
1738:Geography
1686:(capital)
1567:Texarkana
1464:Arlington
1437:Harlingen
1335:Panhandle
1207:Education
1089:Languages
1069:Geography
1029:(capital)
644:into the
506:siltstone
487:potassium
471:anhydrite
443:Sea level
433:Paleozoic
429:Dinosaurs
368:skeletons
343:Sediments
286:sandstone
270:formation
201:from the
188:limestone
2380:Valencia
2370:Torrance
2350:Santa Fe
2345:Sandoval
2335:San Juan
2305:McKinley
2255:Doña Ana
2206:Counties
2171:Santa Fe
2146:Portales
2116:Kirtland
2091:Española
2081:Corrales
2071:Carlsbad
1907:Politics
1887:Gun laws
1852:Abortion
1809:Hispanos
1770:Military
1683:Santa Fe
1602:Counties
1577:Victoria
1525:Edinburg
1511:Longview
1424:Beaumont
1405:Amarillo
1255:Big Bend
1232:Politics
1217:Gun laws
1212:Gambling
1182:Abortion
691:See also
634:Pliocene
625:such as
591:Tertiary
537:Cenozoic
533:Mesozoic
477:, brown
451:ice caps
425:Mesozoic
421:Cenozoic
334:. Three
278:dolomite
227:Gondwana
223:Laurasia
199:seawater
79:contribs
38:contribs
2360:Socorro
2290:Lincoln
2280:Hidalgo
2275:Harding
2250:De Baca
2181:Socorro
2166:Ruidoso
2161:Roswell
2061:Artesia
1917:Regions
1872:Economy
1845:Society
1826:Symbols
1748:History
1728:Culture
1711:Cuisine
1562:Denison
1558:Sherman
1534:Midland
1529:Mission
1521:McAllen
1516:Lubbock
1497:Killeen
1479:Houston
1474:El Paso
1400:Abilene
1242:Regions
1202:Economy
1187:Culture
1175:Society
1146:Symbols
1084:History
1064:Cuisine
1054:Climate
1044:Outline
646:vardose
615:climate
587:sulfide
567:Streams
510:Rustler
479:calcite
465:of the
377:Quartz
292:of the
262:Permian
215:equator
176:Permian
170:Geology
2355:Sierra
2240:Colfax
2235:Cibola
2230:Chaves
2225:Catron
2106:Grants
2101:Gallup
2086:Deming
2076:Clovis
2033:Cities
1693:Topics
1539:Odessa
1506:Laredo
1501:Temple
1456:Dallas
1410:Austin
1370:Texoma
1151:Texans
1141:Sports
1036:Topics
1026:Austin
679:, and
502:Ochoan
489:-rich
483:halite
481:, and
475:gypsum
437:corals
361:Sponge
347:lagoon
336:facies
317:quartz
309:cherty
284:, and
282:gypsum
251:island
231:Pangea
2375:Union
2315:Otero
2265:Grant
2245:Curry
2212:See:
2151:Raton
2111:Hobbs
2056:Aztec
1862:Crime
1792:Music
1721:Chile
1701:Index
1669:State
1608:See:
1572:Tyler
1446:Bryan
1392:areas
1192:Crime
1114:Radio
1016:Texas
1012:State
662:humid
575:caves
541:fault
459:brine
365:algae
351:Queen
266:reefs
192:shale
184:Texas
2365:Taos
2320:Quay
2310:Mora
2300:Luna
2260:Eddy
2191:Taos
1582:Waco
1156:Time
585:and
579:acid
559:and
516:. A
512:and
491:salt
379:sand
363:and
353:and
274:Yeso
253:.
154:and
138:The
111:diff
105:) |
103:diff
91:diff
75:talk
34:talk
2285:Lea
1671:of
1468:DFW
1094:Law
1014:of
323:.
142:in
43:at
2415::
1119:TV
747:^
601:.
497:.
439:.
194:.
166:.
97:|
93:)
77:|
36:|
2052:)
2048:(
1661:e
1654:t
1647:v
1560:–
1551:–
1527:–
1523:–
1499:–
1493:)
1489:(
1485:–
1481:–
1470:)
1466:(
1462:–
1458:–
1444:–
1435:–
1426:–
1420:)
1416:(
1412:–
1060:)
1056:(
1004:e
997:t
990:v
473:/
408:.
401:.
385:.
374:.
357:.
237:(
134:.
113:)
109:(
101:(
89:(
81:)
73:(
62:.
40:)
32:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
