295:
1585:, bringing the paper in line with his policy of "unqualified governmental collaboration". When the Negrín government published its political program, the anarchist movement became increasingly worried about the apparent counter-revolutionary aspirations of the Republican state. Vázquez and Prieto attempted to calm the rising anxieties of the anarchist movement by providing a positive spin to the programme's points, defending it as necessary to solicit support from Western democracies, although this support would ultimately never arrive.
1485:, the leaders of the Anarchist Youth of Catalonia. When the anarchist government ministers Federica Montseny and Joan Garcia i Oliver were criticised by anarchists from other countries in June 1937, Vázquez hit back, calling for the international anarchist movement to support them. He also denounced his critics, accusing them of "playing into the hands of the enemy", and regretted that the international anarchist movement had not been more supportive of Spanish anti-fascists. He reserved praise for
869:
376:
1515:, requesting that she defend the CNT's continued collaboration with the Republican government at a meeting of the IWA. Although Goldman had been privately sympathetic to anarchist criticisms of collaboration and militarisation, she publicly defended the policy as the best of many bad options, urging European and American anarchists to tone down their criticisms of the CNT leadership. Nevertheless, in January 1938, Vázquez and the FAI's leader
845:
1453:, rather than part of an attack by the Stalinists against all their political opponents, Vázquez publicly protested against the political repression of the POUM. He stated that the repression of the POUM had started the Republicans down a "dangerous course", which would lead to the political repression of anyone demonstrating opposition to the government. He expressed worry that he may be at risk of arrest, imprisonment and execution.
857:
1581:
discipline and accept government mandates in order to advance the war effort; and he justified the CNT only holding one government ministry as a means to appease western democracies so they would allow war material over the border. This move came amidst heightening discontent from the radical elements of the anarchist movement, including from
Jacinto Toryho, who Vázquez swiftly ousted as editor of
1508:(IWA), Vázquez downplayed reports of repression by the Republican government against the anarchists and stated that the CNT was still growing and united in purpose in spite of the repression against it. He stated that CNT's primary concern was to win the war and declared that, once they had done so, the CNT would resume its revolution and bring Spain under anarcho-syndicalist control.
1104:(FAI), where he became popularly known by the nickname "Marianet". During the Republican years, he was frequently detained for his anarchist activism and served six prison sentences, totalling 29 months. On one occasion, in September 1931, he was arrested during a confrontation between his union and the police. He was imprisoned for a year and three months, which he spent studying
1543:. Although Vázquez convinced many anarcho-syndicalists to participate in the demonstration, there was already a division within the anarchist movement over the issue of continued resistance. Vázquez argued for the necessity of "all-out resistance", while the FAI's central committee called for opposition to the Republican "counterrevolution" and considered the possibility of an
117:
1413:" and called for the formation of an opposition coalition with the UGT. But this was widely seen by his opponents as a bluff, as within days of the report's publication, Vázquez was meeting with Negrín in an attempt "to discuss conditions for possible collaboration". The following month, Vázquez called for the creation of a government with
1745:, Garcia i Oliver depicted Vázquez as having "intellectual limitations" and accused him of being either a puppet of the Soviets or other members of the anarchist leadership. Garcia denounced the "unmistakably Gypsy" Vázquez as untrustworthy and claimed that any changes in the CNT during the war were due to "Gypsy chicanery".
1613:
was closed by the CNT-FAI. Meanwhile, the
Mujeres Libres were experiencing severe financial difficulties, but had received little-to-no support from the official anarchist organisations. When Emma Goldman appealed to Vázquez for aid, he responded defensively, rejecting that the CNT hadn't done enough
1588:
By
October 1938, the Spanish anarchist movement was on the verge of splitting over continued collaboration with the Republican government. At the movement's National Plenary in Barcelona, Vázquez took the side of the "collaborationists". He defended anti-fascist unity, which he considered a necessity
1404:
In the wake of the conflict, Vázquez reiterated his support for the government, calling for it to be reorganised on the basis of a CNT-UGT coalition with Largo
Caballero continuing as its president. But Largo Caballero failed to form a new cabinet and was subsequently replaced by the communist-backed
1580:
Vázquez praised the formation of the new government, which he thought would inspired
Spanish anti-fascists to win the war. In an address the CNT's local unions, he promised that repression against anarchists would halt and that the CNT would regain its positions; he called for anarchists to maintain
1237:
excluded the PSUC from his administration, first seeking the approval of Vázquez before publicly announcing the move. By
September 1936, Vázquez had overseen the integration of several members of the CNT into the Catalan government, taking three ministries and other posts associated with defence and
1752:
agreed that the CNT's collaboration with Negrín had led to a "disaster", she also defended Vázquez's position of prolonging the war until the outbreak of World War II as having been vindicated by the pace of history. On the 20th anniversary of his death, Montseny published a biography of Vázquez in
1673:
Despite their argument, for
Goldman's 70th birthday in June 1939, Vázquez sent her his appreciation for her sustained understanding and aid in their struggle. He dubbed Goldman as the "spiritual mother" of the Spanish anarchist movement, in a tribute that Goldman described as the most beautiful she
1725:
wrote that collaboration "had a devastating effect upon him" and described how much he had changed since his time as secretary of the CNT's construction union. But
Bolloten rejected the characterisation of Vázquez as a conscious servant of Negrín and the communists, noting a post-war report by the
1523:
As the
Nationalists began to advance against the Republicans, Vázquez continued campaigning for the anarchists to be reincorporated into the government. This process culminated in March 1938, when the CNT and the UGT made an agreement for the CNT to rejoin the government. The pact was largely
1665:
the country, which the
Spanish government had been unable to hide in its propaganda directed towards the Western democracies. He entered into a bitter exchange of angry letters with Emma Goldman, who accused him of having been "duped" by Negrín and the communists into "giv up the defence of
1547:
with the Nationalists. Not long after the demonstrations, Vázquez again reiterated his calls for representatives of the CNT be brought into the government. But he shocked some of his colleagues in the CNT leadership when he also proposed that the overall composition of the government remain
1137:, who responded that male anarcho-syndicalists were largely disinterested in encouraging women's participation in the movement and proposed that women needed to be treated as equals by men if they were to be recruited into the movement. She also rejected Vázquez's plan to devote a page of
1788:
as a notable example of Romani participation in the Spanish anarchist movement. Sierra and Profundo contrasted the anti-Romani stereotypes of "laziness, ignorance and dishonesty", which were levelled against him by his opponents, with his "effectiveness as the head of the CNT".
1690:
In a September 1938 lecture, Vázquez reflected on how the Spanish anarchist movement of the 1930s would be understood in history. He hoped to be remembered as a principled anti-fascist, who treated fascism as the "number-one enemy" of the time period, contrasting himself with
1225:
into Barcelona. But Vázquez, along with Durruti and Garcia i Oliver, launched an armed defence of anarchist control of the capital, demanding the government's immediate dissolution. To appease the anarchists and avoid armed confrontation, the Catalan prime minister
1461:
Despite the repressions, Vázquez continued to support the Negrín government. This made him a focus of criticism from other anarchists, who accused Vázquez of "revisionism" and a "betrayal of anarchist principles". Vázquez was most vocally criticised by the
1017:
in June 1939. His memory soon became a target for anarchist critics of collaborationism, who held him personally responsible for the revolution's collapse. Allegations of moral and political corruption were made against him, sometimes infused with
1759:. Although she expressed her admiration for him, describing him as very friendly and attractive, her description also contained anti-Romani sentiments, depicting him as an unintelligent, infantile and inexperienced man of "insufficient culture".
1519:
wrote to Goldman requesting that she tone down her criticisms of the PCE and the Republican government, worrying that such criticisms would make the international labour movement indifferent towards the Spanish anti-fascists.
1421:
reported that, during this period, Vázquez spent his meetings with Negrín "discussing trivialities" and appeared ignorant to the "gigantic operation under way to end once and for all the influence of the CNT." After the
1010:, whom anarchists blamed for the Republican defeat. Vázquez held that the defeat was from insufficient support from Western democracies, and that the CNT had been premature in pursuing revolution before winning the war.
1269:. In his first address to the CNT, on 20 November, Vázquez appealed for "individual and collective discipline" in the face of the circumstances that drove them to collaboration with the government. He quickly appointed
1524:
welcomed by the anarchist rank-and-file, who were exhausted with the factional dispute. Although a vocal minority still opposed it, Vázquez retorted that he was "indifferent" to them and praised UGT secretary
1604:
Although she privately aligned with the FAI, Goldman publicly refused to speak out against the CNT, fearing a Republican defeat. She attempted to appeal to Vázquez for clemency for imprisoned members of the
1117:
He became a frequent contributor to the anarchist press, in which he advocated for the establishment of a women's platform within the anarchist movement. In 1935, he published two articles on the subject in
1560:
to the CNT, without any ministerial positions, but this was rejected by Vázquez. Vázquez and Horacio Prieto put together a list of three CNT members for their prospective ministry, from which Negrín chose
1409:. Negrín quickly ousted the CNT from his cabinet and rejected Vázquez's appeals for its reincorporation. On 29 May, Vázquez issued a report that rejected further collaboration with the "government of the
1577:, which acted as a "sub-government" to Negrín's council of ministers. The move was met with skepticism from many in the anarchist movement, who questioned whether they would have any meaningful power.
1062:. When he was a teenager, he escaped the institution. Without a family or a job throughout the 1920s, he faced difficulties with poverty and was frequently imprisoned. In prison, he met members of the
701:
1401:
expressed regret to Vázquez over their response to the provocation, saying that the CNT leadership had made an error "in bringing an end to the firing without having resolved the pending problems."
1306:, who accused him of expelling "true anarchists" from the paper and replacing them with "suspect journalists", Vázquez publicly defended him as having worked in service of the CNT's political line.
4244:
1535:
had been successful and the Republican government considered the option of surrender. This move was met with a furious response from the workers of Barcelona, where Vázquez backed a communist-led
1556:
In April 1938, Negrín finally agreed to bring a member of the CNT into his cabinet, but was only prepared to give it one ministry and wanted to chose the minister. He had initially only offered
4254:
1593:, which would force the Western democracies to intervene against the Nationalists. He was opposed by the "abstentionists", now led by Pedro Herrera and the FAI, who called for a return to
1126:
persisted. He called for anarchist women to unite with their male counterparts to create a new society, where everyone has economic independence, which he believed would bring an end to
948:, his mother died while he was young and his father subsequently abandoned him. He spent his teenage years in poverty and was often imprisoned. There, he first found connection with the
1666:
Barcelona". Vázquez retorted that no betrayal had taken place, stating his belief that the lack of Western support that had been the cause for the Republican defeat. He argued that the
1266:
1141:
to women's issues, as she had ambitions to create a separate journal for anarchist women. Saornil's plans culminated with her establishing the anarchist women's organisation
926:
131:
1295:, who had a more lax editorial line, and charged Toryho with adapting the newspaper to the strict discipline he saw as necessary. When Toryho was criticised by Callejas and
1741:. Although Vázquez never publicly referenced his identity as a Romani person, it was frequently highlighted and stereotyped by his opponents to discredit him. In his book
1730:
that said the party had "no possibility of directly influencing the Anarchist unions from the inside", as Vazquez had consistently refused to link the CNT with the PCE.
1525:
1365:
In the early months of the war, both the anarchists and the government of Largo Caballero had wanted equitable collaboration, with anarchist leaders such as Vázquez,
1253:. Vázquez secured four ministries for the CNT in the new government and convinced the intransigent Joan Garcia i Oliver to take a ministerial post. He then moved to
1657:
In his personal analysis of the Republican defeat, Vázquez continued to emphasise a lack of discipline as a motivating factor. He blamed both the CNT's attempts at
1333:
implementation, and that anarchists would maintain control of their own units, although they would be integrated into a coordinated and unified force, under strict
1762:
Despite the abundant availability of documents and material on his life, as of 2022, Vázquez has not been the subject of a complete biography. Vázquez, along with
1504:
service, the CNT's leadership supported it, with Vázquez recommending that Negrín appoint Garcia i Oliver as its leader. Addressing the 1937 Paris Congress of the
978:
Following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, Vázquez was elected the CNT's general secretary, becoming a leading advocate for anarchist collaboration with the
696:
1218:
1122:, demonstrating sympathy for the problems anarchist women faced within the movement and declaring that they were effectively "slaves of slaves" so long as the
4219:
1245:, and oversaw the integration of anarchists into the Republican government. He initially opposed immediate integration into the government, aiming to secure
899:
1715:
1296:
4136:
2331:
1706:
After his death, critics of anarchist collaboration with the Republican government began to hold Vázquez personally responsible for the collapse of the
1261:. The government's move to Valencia provoked discontent from the CNT's membership, many of whom accused the government and their own general secretary,
681:
4229:
1638:(MLE). From this position, Vázquez organised the provision of aid to other refugees that had fled Spain, encouraging Spanish anarchists to emigrate to
1285:
1496:
in return for recognition of the government, Vázquez encouraged them to accept. In August, when anarchists protested against the establishment of the
2552:
1767:
1471:
88:
1270:
1227:
1778:
1377:. However, civil conflict between the anarchists and communists had come to a head in early 1937, as the latter faction (which opposed anarchist
1317:
in early 1937, Vázquez called for each party on the Republican side to examine their own responsibility in the defeat. In April 1937, when the
84:
3317:
1265:, of "cowardice". Prieto responded on 18 November 1936, by tendering his "irrevocable resignation". In his place, Vázquez was elected as the
1589:
against the now-overwhelming military force of the Nationalists. He believed that the prolonging the war could result in it merging with a
1022:. In the 21st century, he has been cited as a notable example of Romani participation in the leadership of the Spanish anarchist movement.
746:
1699:, Vázquez's leadership during the Civil War was characterised by "waverings and inconsistencies", which he contrasted with the unchanging
1313:, engaged in diplomacy with Mexico and international volunteers, and publicised the deaths of anarchists fighting on the frontlines. When
1647:
1241:
Vázquez became a leading advocate of anarchist collaboration with the governments of Catalonia and the Spanish Republic. He moved to
999:
892:
4106:
1737:, of various personal, moral and political infractions, most of which were unsubstantiated rumours and some of which were driven by
1158:
331:
1417:
for all organisations on the Republican side, but the government had no intention of readmitting the anarchists into their ranks.
4264:
1614:
for the women's organisation, while pointing out that the anarchist movement did not have the resources that the communists had.
1166:
995:
952:
and learnt to read and write. After his release, he joined the construction union of the CNT and began writing for its newspaper
711:
691:
1609:, but he declined to pursue the issue due to the pressing Nationalist advance. Before the end of the year, Goldman's office in
1341:
within the anarchist movement was the best way that they could counter the "tidal wave of confusion" caused by the rise of the
294:
4224:
3922:
4178:
1381:) increasingly attacked the former. In April, Vázquez publicly denounced the communists for killing anarcho-syndicalists in
1090:
930:
706:
272:
4087:
1214:
885:
4234:
4214:
3791:
1101:
2094:
1497:
4016:
3899:
3799:
3773:
3731:
721:
1880:
1389:, when fighting between the two factions broke out over control of Barcelona, Vázquez went to the city to mediate a
998:, Vázquez fled to France, where he organised aid for Spanish refugees and the transfer of the CNT's archives to the
4079:
1986:
1055:
72:
37:
1800:
1110:
954:
583:
3932:
Ruiz, Julius (2009). "'Work and Don't Lose Hope': Republican Forced Labour Camps during the Spanish Civil War".
1349:, he reorganised the CNT's syndicates into sections that could better support the war effort. He also announced
990:
drew criticism from parts of the anarchist movement, which condemned his continued loyalty to the government of
4259:
3461:
1197:, who appeared to have accepted the anarchist control over Barcelona. Vázquez then oversaw the formation of an
1658:
1634:, he oversaw the reorganisation of the Spanish anarchist movement in exile, becoming general secretary of the
3934:
3823:
1566:
1374:
1232:
3819:"The Anarchist in Uniform: The Militarisation of Anarchist Culture during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)"
1885:
1393:. He and Montseny secured an armistice, in exchange for the dismissal of the Catalan communist police chief
61:
26:
4249:
1670:
had frightened off western powers from supporting the Republic, and that it had therefore been a mistake.
1635:
1210:
731:
359:
1492:
In July 1937, when the government legalised anarchist agricultural collectives and offered them financial
1414:
1246:
1097:
804:
761:
440:
1646:. He also personally ensured the removal of the Spanish anarchist movement's archives from Spain to the
4239:
3961:
2251:
1707:
1667:
1570:
1357:" (young bourgeois men) that spent their time relaxing in cafés rather than fighting on the frontline.
1134:
964:
648:
1398:
1394:
1314:
1262:
1114:. After his release, he returned to political activism and quickly rose through the ranks of the CNT.
633:
169:
1250:
1006:, who, after supporting him during the war, questioned whether he had been "duped" by Negrín and the
751:
593:
1157:
in July 1936, Vázquez had become secretary of the CNT's regional committee in Catalonia. During the
1463:
1418:
1342:
1202:
1162:
1007:
756:
375:
3229:
1675:
1329:, which had opposed calls for militarisation. He promised that the militarisation would not be an
243:
4069:"Gitano, ignorante y traidor. Mariano R. Vázquez en la Literatura Histórica Militante Libertaria"
1536:
1170:
1082:
979:
814:
4269:
2895:
1397:. Vázquez believed that the communists had sought to provoke the anarchists into open conflict.
1950:
1692:
1516:
1430:, demanding the re-entry of the CNT into government and a reform of the Republican war effort.
784:
716:
430:
4045:"Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez, "Marianet", gitano y dirigente libertario durante la Guerra Civil"
4044:
3910:
3178:
1720:
4006:
1738:
1700:
1627:
1574:
1301:
1206:
1019:
799:
736:
390:
4068:
2915:
543:
4209:
4204:
1734:
1643:
1539:
that demanded the Republicans not surrender and called for the removal of Defence Minister
1442:
1350:
1190:
1186:
420:
68:
33:
2207:
1445:. Although he considered the affair to be a symptom of intra-Marxist conflict between the
8:
4111:
3757:
1623:
1548:
unchanged, in effect proposing that Prieto be allowed to remain in the defence ministry.
1334:
1322:
1290:
1222:
1182:
1094:
1075:
1071:
987:
922:
829:
779:
741:
435:
425:
367:
341:
53:
1085:, Vázquez was released from prison into a new political environment. He found work as a
2423:
1382:
1378:
1063:
949:
638:
613:
608:
603:
598:
3883:
2781:
2779:
1772:
1476:
548:
4182:
4150:
4132:
4120:
4093:
4083:
4055:
4022:
4012:
3990:
3918:
3895:
3871:
3805:
3795:
3769:
3745:
3737:
3727:
3715:
1749:
1727:
1626:
advanced, Vázquez instructed anarchists to evacuate Spain, and he fled into exile in
1410:
1366:
1275:
1174:
1154:
1127:
934:
789:
573:
478:
468:
326:
21:
1489:, who he described as the only member of the IWA that had a "real critical spirit".
1486:
1433:
In this time, the Negrín government had also intensified its repression against the
1051:
643:
628:
518:
3980:
3970:
3943:
3861:
3832:
3783:
3613:
2776:
1840:
1783:
1696:
1540:
1532:
1330:
1325:
was decreed, he defended the policy in an interview with the anti-statist magazine
1178:
1131:
1067:
960:
861:
849:
686:
513:
190:
184:
3445:
2287:
1054:
district. His mother died while he was a child, and his father abandoned him to a
1423:
1258:
1209:
against the Nationalists. Within weeks, the Catalan government – composed of the
968:
873:
653:
400:
395:
3848:"The memory of Spanish Gypsies: Scholarship, oral history, and archive research"
1763:
1711:
1482:
1427:
618:
563:
3852:
3301:
3090:
2580:
2163:
1970:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1662:
1562:
1318:
1310:
1194:
1142:
972:
578:
568:
523:
488:
410:
3975:
3956:
3947:
3837:
3818:
1406:
991:
4198:
4186:
4154:
4124:
4097:
4059:
3994:
3875:
3720:
Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women
2819:
1679:
1501:
1345:(PCE). To impose the military discipline of the frontline onto the anarchist
1040:
1014:
623:
483:
463:
405:
3749:
3213:
1893:
1695:" who preferred idealistic sacrifices to necessary compromise. To historian
1370:
588:
116:
4008:
Emma Goldman in Exile: From the Russian Revolution to the Spanish Civil War
4002:
3393:
2935:
2748:
2720:
2680:
2536:
2455:
2271:
1594:
1590:
1512:
1205:, arguing for the necessity of anarcho-syndicalists fighting alongside the
1198:
1003:
809:
663:
658:
553:
533:
528:
4174:
3549:
3497:
1598:
1505:
1309:
Throughout the war, Vázquez concerned himself with the activities of the
1059:
1047:
824:
819:
726:
558:
538:
495:
3985:
3249:
2492:
868:
3062:
2520:
2179:
1857:
1714:
attacked Vázquez for having "clung like a leech to Negrín's gang"; and
1450:
1438:
1338:
1086:
794:
415:
283:
4076:
No es país para jóvenes: Actas del Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores
3866:
3847:
2303:
3891:
1651:
1573:. Meanwhile, Vázquez and Prieto joined the national committee of the
1544:
1446:
1390:
1346:
1105:
1036:
945:
226:
1249:
for the CNT in a government presided over by the trade union leader
3723:
1557:
1386:
1254:
983:
473:
336:
262:
4141:
3741:
1755:
1070:
and taught him how to read and write. He subsequently dropped his
1043:
941:
458:
4026:
3809:
3682:
3680:
3629:
1257:, where the government had sought refuge from the Nationalist's
3765:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
1639:
1610:
1493:
1242:
1123:
4107:"Figuras y contrafiguras del drama: Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez"
3565:
2807:
1921:
1919:
1674:
had ever received. That same night, Vázquez was found dead in
856:
702:
Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire
4245:
General secretaries of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
3957:"Gypsy Anarchism: Navigating Ethnic and Political Identities"
3677:
3577:
3485:
3345:
3289:
2082:
2058:
2022:
1682:. Some of his friends considered his death to be suspicious.
1631:
4255:
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
3525:
3513:
3203:
3201:
3106:
3038:
2736:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2508:
2443:
2130:
2034:
3166:
3142:
3118:
3014:
2987:
2975:
2963:
2696:
2668:
2375:
2239:
2010:
1916:
1606:
1467:
1434:
132:
General Secretary of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
3433:
3421:
3381:
3004:
3002:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1642:, where they were hosted by the sympathetic government of
3888:
Anarchism, the Republic and Civil War in Spain: 1931–1939
3692:
3665:
3653:
3641:
3589:
3277:
3265:
3198:
2883:
2070:
2046:
1528:
as "a symbol of the unity of the Spanish working class."
1161:, he and other members of the CNT leadership stormed the
3601:
3537:
3357:
3078:
3050:
3026:
2847:
2608:
2596:
2411:
2399:
2195:
2118:
3788:
The Spanish Civil War: Revolution and Counterrevolution
3154:
3130:
2999:
2951:
2871:
2859:
2835:
2795:
2764:
2708:
2656:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2387:
2363:
2319:
2227:
2151:
1931:
1733:
Vázquez was posthumously accused by critics, including
915:(1909 – 18 June 1939), popularly known by his nickname
3409:
3369:
1219:
Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia
1074:"Rodríguez" and began signing his name using only his
1551:
1217:(PSUC) – attempted to sideline the newly-established
967:. Sánchez Saornil's criticisms of Vázquez's views on
2471:
1466:, led by Jaume Balius, who had taken up a personal
91:| Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
4196:
1046:family. Vázquez grew up in the neighbourhood of
682:Asociación Continental Americana de Trabajadores
59:
3915:Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War
3908:
3845:
3635:
3623:
3471:
3467:
3455:
3451:
3331:
3327:
3311:
2789:
2570:
2353:
2345:
2261:
2108:
2028:
2000:
1992:
1980:
1960:
1925:
1906:
1035:Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez was born in 1909 in
4074:. In Ibarra Aguirregabiria, Alejandra (ed.).
1456:
1373:giving a speech on the matter in Valencia on
1353:drives, holding particular contempt for the "
1148:
1108:and writing articles for the CNT's newspaper
893:
4137:"Biografía de Mariano R. Vázquez "Marianet""
4066:
747:Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation
17:
1470:against him. He was also criticised by the
60:Revision as of 04:50, 21 September 2024 by
4220:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo members
4168:
4011:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 196–233.
3714:
3686:
3399:
3295:
3283:
2921:
2901:
2124:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
1860:form of "Mariano" in the Catalan language.
1030:
900:
886:
115:
4230:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France
3984:
3974:
3955:Sierra, María; Pro, Juan (October 2022).
3954:
3865:
3836:
3756:
3671:
3659:
3647:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3559:
3507:
3491:
3475:
3351:
3335:
3323:
3307:
3235:
3184:
3112:
3096:
3084:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3032:
2941:
2925:
2905:
2853:
2825:
2785:
2754:
2742:
2726:
2686:
2650:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2586:
2574:
2558:
2542:
2526:
2514:
2502:
2461:
2449:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2357:
2337:
2293:
2277:
2265:
2257:
2213:
2201:
2185:
2173:
2145:
2112:
2100:
2040:
2004:
1964:
1944:
1910:
1648:International Institute of Social History
1426:in June 1937, Vázquez wrote to President
1360:
1089:and joined the construction union of the
1000:International Institute of Social History
4131:
3882:
3782:
3619:
3607:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3363:
3255:
3239:
3219:
3188:
3172:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3124:
3100:
3072:
3020:
3008:
2993:
2981:
2969:
2957:
2945:
2877:
2841:
2829:
2813:
2801:
2770:
2758:
2730:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2674:
2662:
2590:
2566:
2562:
2546:
2530:
2465:
2433:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2349:
2341:
2325:
2313:
2309:
2297:
2281:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2217:
2189:
2169:
2157:
2104:
2016:
1996:
1976:
1956:
1601:and of abandoning anarchist principles.
1159:July 1936 military uprising in Barcelona
332:July 1936 military uprising in Barcelona
47:
4142:Cénit: Sociología, ciencia y literatura
3762:The Anarchists in the Spanish Civil War
1766:, has been cited by Spanish historians
1622:In February 1939, as the Nationalists'
1337:. Vázquez believed that organisational
1130:. This led to a public debate with the
14:
4197:
4001:
3479:
3439:
3427:
3415:
3403:
3387:
3375:
3339:
3271:
3259:
3243:
3223:
3207:
3192:
2929:
2909:
2889:
1748:In contrast, while anarchist activist
152: – 10 February 1939
4042:
3909:Romero Salvadó, Francisco J. (2013).
3816:
3698:
3555:
3503:
2498:
2486:
2437:
1002:. He also had a heated exchange with
44:
25:
4104:
3931:
2865:
1215:Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
986:, his support for collaboration and
4164:– via Portal Libertario OACA.
97:
82:
4179:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
4035:
3792:University of North Carolina Press
1617:
1552:Debates on continued collaboration
1506:International Workers' Association
1169:. The Nationalists were beaten in
1091:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
1081:Following the proclamation of the
931:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
727:International Workers' Association
712:Confédération nationale du travail
707:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
273:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
100:Spanish trade unionist (1909-1939)
98:
4281:
1792:
697:Confédération Générale du Travail
692:Confederacion General del Trabajo
52:. The present address (URL) is a
4171:Marianet: Semblanza de un Hombre
4080:University of the Basque Country
3917:. Scarecrow Press. p. 285.
1798:"Mujer: Factor revolucionario" (
1661:and the Marxists' intentions to
1531:By this time, the Nationalists'
867:
855:
843:
374:
293:
4005:(1989). "Spain and the World".
3846:Cañete Quesada, Carmen (2020).
3707:
1498:Servicio de Información Militar
1165:, seizing weapons to fight the
4265:Trade unionists from Catalonia
1873:
1850:
1833:
1173:, which became a centre for a
722:Free Workers' Union of Germany
13:
1:
3935:Contemporary European History
3824:Contemporary European History
2565:, pp. 436–439, 451–452;
1867:
4225:Deaths by drowning in France
4067:Martín Nieto, Isaac (2012).
3911:"Rodríguez Vázquez, Mariano"
3768:: Janus Publishing Company.
1636:Spanish Libertarian Movement
1267:General Secretary of the CNT
1211:Republican Left of Catalonia
1193:, met the Catalan president
1102:Iberian Anarchist Federation
1025:
732:Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund
7:
4169:Muñoz Diez, Manuel (1960).
1881:"Marià Rodríguez i Vázquez"
1415:proportional representation
1247:proportional representation
1058:, which was well known for
994:. After the victory of the
762:Workers Solidarity Alliance
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
4286:
4235:Politicians from Barcelona
4054:(in Spanish) (82): 13–17.
3962:European History Quarterly
1886:Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
1457:Campaign for reintegration
1375:International Workers' Day
1149:Rise to the CNT leadership
1064:Spanish anarchist movement
950:Spanish anarchist movement
940:Born into a working-class
144:18 November 1936
4215:Anarchists from Catalonia
3976:10.1177/02656914221097011
3948:10.1017/S0960777309990087
3838:10.1017/S0960777322000285
1845:Marià Rodríguez i Vázquez
1685:
1379:collectivisation policies
1251:Francisco Largo Caballero
1098:trade union confederation
971:led her to establish the
925:politician who served as
913:Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez
752:Unione Sindacale Italiana
349:
322:
314:
309:
301:
289:
279:
268:
258:
250:
233:
214:Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez
209:
204:
200:
175:
163:
137:
130:
126:
114:
107:
4043:Gómez, Demetrio (2013).
1826:
1703:of the Communist Party.
1678:, having drowned in the
1464:Friends of Durruti Group
1419:Juan Manuel Molina Mateo
1343:Communist Party of Spain
1177:that saw the widespread
1008:Communist Party of Spain
757:Union of Russian Workers
441:Workers' self-management
246:, Seine-et-Marne, France
45:04:50, 21 September 2024
4105:Mela, Pomponio (1937).
3722:. Oakland, California:
1597:and accused Vázquez of
1595:anti-statist principles
1399:Diego Abad de Santillán
1395:Eusebio Rodríguez Salas
1203:government of Catalonia
1153:By the outbreak of the
1083:Second Spanish Republic
1031:Early life and activism
1013:Vázquez drowned in the
815:Participatory economics
3326:, pp. 1173–1174;
3238:, pp. 1046–1048;
3187:, pp. 1045–1046;
2928:, pp. 1151–1152;
2908:, pp. 1150–1154;
2828:, pp. 1154–1155;
2816:, pp. 208-209n42.
2788:, pp. 1173–1174;
2340:, pp. 1173–1174;
2300:, pp. 121, 201n6.
2260:, pp. 1173–1174;
2103:, pp. 1173–1174;
1844:
1710:. Anarchist historian
1591:coming Europe-wide war
1511:Vázquez also wrote to
1500:(SIM), the Republic's
1361:Conflict and mediation
1280:as editor-in-chief of
785:Collectivist anarchism
431:Prefigurative politics
4260:Spanish Romani people
3817:Brown, Henry (2024).
3716:Ackelsberg, Martha A.
3672:Sierra & Pro 2022
3660:Sierra & Pro 2022
3648:Sierra & Pro 2022
3596:Sierra & Pro 2022
3584:Sierra & Pro 2022
3572:Sierra & Pro 2022
3560:Sierra & Pro 2022
3508:Sierra & Pro 2022
3492:Sierra & Pro 2022
3476:Sierra & Pro 2022
3352:Sierra & Pro 2022
3336:Sierra & Pro 2022
2575:Sierra & Pro 2022
2503:Sierra & Pro 2022
2406:Sierra & Pro 2022
2358:Sierra & Pro 2022
2266:Sierra & Pro 2022
2174:Sierra & Pro 2022
2146:Sierra & Pro 2022
2113:Sierra & Pro 2022
2041:Sierra & Pro 2022
2005:Sierra & Pro 2022
1965:Sierra & Pro 2022
1945:Sierra & Pro 2022
1911:Sierra & Pro 2022
1818:"Army Organization" (
1739:anti-Romani sentiment
1676:La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
1567:minister of education
1221:(CCMA) and bring the
1135:Lucía Sánchez Saornil
1100:. He also joined the
1020:anti-Romani sentiment
980:Republican government
965:Lucía Sánchez Saornil
800:Libertarian socialism
737:Solidarity Federation
391:Anti-authoritarianism
244:La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
3758:Alexander, Robert J.
3622:, pp. 813–814;
3574:, pp. 602, 610.
3338:, pp. 598–599;
3242:, pp. 625–626;
3222:, pp. 625–626;
3191:, pp. 623–625;
3099:, pp. 976–978;
2757:, pp. 987–990;
2589:, pp. 922–923;
2569:, pp. 146–147;
2561:, pp. 917–921;
2545:, pp. 445–446;
2464:, pp. 269–270;
2436:, pp. 331–332;
2296:, pp. 868–869;
2280:, pp. 861–862;
2172:, pp. 119–120;
2107:, pp. 117–118;
1999:, pp. 117–118;
1979:, pp. 117–118;
1959:, pp. 117–118;
1804:, 18 September 1935)
1735:Joan Garcia i Oliver
1558:token representation
1443:forcibly disappeared
1351:military recruitment
1191:Joan Garcia i Oliver
1187:Buenaventura Durruti
1183:anarcho-syndicalists
862:Socialism portal
850:Anarchism portal
421:Industrial democracy
4250:Spanish bricklayers
3636:Cañete Quesada 2020
3624:Cañete Quesada 2020
3586:, pp. 600–601.
3562:, pp. 600–602.
3534:, pp. 626–627.
3522:, pp. 625–626.
3510:, pp. 600–601.
3494:, pp. 601–602.
3472:Romero Salvadó 2013
3468:Cañete Quesada 2020
3456:Romero Salvadó 2013
3452:Cañete Quesada 2020
3442:, pp. 234–235.
3430:, pp. 232–233.
3406:, pp. 229–230.
3390:, pp. 229–230.
3354:, pp. 596–597.
3342:, pp. 228–229.
3332:Romero Salvadó 2013
3328:Cañete Quesada 2020
3312:Romero Salvadó 2013
3298:, pp. 187–188.
3274:, pp. 227–228.
3262:, pp. 227–228.
3246:, pp. 226–227.
3226:, pp. 226–227.
3210:, pp. 226–227.
3175:, pp. 647–648.
3151:, pp. 623–624.
3127:, pp. 585–586.
3115:, pp. 976–978.
3103:, pp. 585–586.
3047:, pp. 975–976.
3023:, pp. 580–581.
2996:, pp. 579–580.
2984:, pp. 577–578.
2972:, pp. 576–577.
2948:, pp. 567–568.
2912:, pp. 221–222.
2892:, pp. 220–221.
2790:Romero Salvadó 2013
2745:, pp. 987–988.
2733:, pp. 503–504.
2705:, pp. 527–528.
2693:, pp. 484–485.
2677:, pp. 484–485.
2653:, pp. 973–974.
2641:, pp. 963–964.
2629:, pp. 962–963.
2593:, pp. 457–460.
2577:, pp. 598–599.
2571:Romero Salvadó 2013
2517:, pp. 998–999.
2505:, pp. 598–599.
2452:, pp. 269–270.
2384:, pp. 122–123.
2360:, pp. 598–599.
2354:Romero Salvadó 2013
2346:Cañete Quesada 2020
2268:, pp. 598–601.
2262:Romero Salvadó 2013
2248:, pp. 119–120.
2224:, pp. 119–120.
2176:, pp. 598–599.
2148:, pp. 598–599.
2109:Romero Salvadó 2013
2091:, pp. 128–129.
2067:, pp. 126–127.
2043:, pp. 599–600.
2029:Romero Salvadó 2013
2019:, pp. 117–118.
2001:Romero Salvadó 2013
1993:Cañete Quesada 2020
1981:Romero Salvadó 2013
1961:Romero Salvadó 2013
1926:Cañete Quesada 2020
1907:Romero Salvadó 2013
1743:El eco de los pasos
1624:Catalonia Offensive
1526:José Rodríguez Vega
1335:military discipline
1181:of property by the
1163:Atarazanas barracks
1124:oppression of women
1095:anarcho-syndicalist
1076:matrilineal surname
1072:patrilineal surname
988:military discipline
923:anarcho-syndicalist
874:Politics portal
830:Synthesis anarchism
780:Anarchist communism
742:SAC Syndikalisterna
717:Free Workers' Union
426:Industrial unionism
368:Anarcho-syndicalism
342:Catalonia Offensive
89:← Previous revision
4149:(103): 2749–2752.
4133:Montseny, Federica
3701:, p. 317n106.
2868:, p. 439n140.
1839:Also known by the
1820:Spanish Revolution
1815:, 10 October 1935)
1813:Solidaridad Obrera
1801:Solidaridad Obrera
1753:the CNT's journal
1726:Italian communist
1708:Spanish Revolution
1668:Spanish Revolution
1583:Solidaridad Obrera
1282:Solidaridad Obrera
1201:alliance with the
1139:Solidaridad Obrera
1132:anarchist feminist
1120:Solidaridad Obrera
1111:Solidaridad Obrera
1056:children's shelter
996:Nationalist forces
961:anarchist feminism
955:Solidaridad Obrera
229:, Catalonia, Spain
109:Mariano R. Vázquez
4240:Romani anarchists
3924:978-0-8108-8009-2
3867:10.3828/rs.2020.2
3689:, p. 260n27.
3638:, pp. 25–26.
3626:, pp. 25–26.
1750:Federica Montseny
1728:Palmiro Togliatti
1411:counterrevolution
1367:Federica Montseny
1175:social revolution
1155:Spanish Civil War
1128:gender inequality
1066:, who became his
1050:, in Barcelona's
959:where he debated
935:Spanish Civil War
933:(CNT) during the
927:General Secretary
910:
909:
790:Council communism
479:Solidarity action
469:Industrial action
353:
352:
327:Spanish Civil War
241:(aged 29–30)
4277:
4190:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4128:
4101:
4089:978-849860-636-2
4073:
4063:
4049:
4030:
3998:
3988:
3978:
3951:
3928:
3905:
3884:Casanova, Julian
3879:
3869:
3842:
3840:
3813:
3784:Bolloten, Burnet
3779:
3753:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3465:
3459:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3321:
3315:
3310:, p. 1076;
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3253:
3247:
3233:
3227:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3196:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2939:
2933:
2919:
2913:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2783:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2584:
2578:
2556:
2550:
2540:
2534:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2301:
2291:
2285:
2275:
2269:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2183:
2177:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
1990:
1984:
1974:
1968:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1929:
1923:
1914:
1904:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1861:
1854:
1848:
1837:
1807:"Avance: Por la
1787:
1776:
1724:
1716:Juan Gómez Casas
1697:Burnett Bolloten
1541:Indalecio Prieto
1533:Aragon Offensive
1480:
1305:
1294:
1286:Liberto Callejas
1279:
1236:
1185:. Vázquez, with
1179:collectivisation
1106:anarchist theory
1060:abusing children
921:, was a Catalan
902:
895:
888:
872:
871:
860:
859:
848:
847:
846:
687:Awareness League
436:Workers' control
378:
355:
354:
318:Spanish Republic
310:Military service
297:
240:
224:
222:
205:Personal details
191:Germinal Esgleas
185:Esteve Pallarols
178:
166:
159:
157:
151:
149:
142:
119:
105:
104:
79:
76:
56:to this version.
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
22:current revision
4285:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4159:
4157:
4090:
4071:
4047:
4038:
4036:Further reading
4033:
4019:
3925:
3902:
3802:
3776:
3734:
3710:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3687:Ackelsberg 2005
3685:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3658:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3634:
3630:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3558:, p. 317;
3554:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3506:, p. 317;
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3478:, p. 597;
3474:, p. 285;
3466:
3462:
3450:
3446:
3438:
3434:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3402:, p. 113;
3400:Ackelsberg 2005
3398:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3374:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3334:, p. 285;
3322:
3318:
3306:
3302:
3296:Ackelsberg 2005
3294:
3290:
3284:Ackelsberg 2005
3282:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3258:, p. 625;
3254:
3250:
3234:
3230:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3199:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3071:, p. 976;
3067:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2944:, p. 975;
2940:
2936:
2924:, p. 113;
2922:Ackelsberg 2005
2920:
2916:
2904:, p. 113;
2902:Ackelsberg 2005
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2729:, p. 987;
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:, p. 974;
2685:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2585:
2581:
2573:, p. 285;
2557:
2553:
2541:
2537:
2529:, p. 445;
2525:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2501:, p. 317;
2497:
2493:
2485:
2472:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2432:, p. 269;
2428:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2356:, p. 285;
2352:, p. 122;
2344:, p. 207;
2336:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:, p. 207;
2308:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2276:
2272:
2264:, p. 285;
2256:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2220:, p. 401;
2216:, p. 751;
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2188:, p. 751;
2184:
2180:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2131:
2125:Ackelsberg 2005
2123:
2119:
2111:, p. 285;
2099:
2095:
2089:Ackelsberg 2005
2087:
2083:
2077:Ackelsberg 2005
2075:
2071:
2065:Ackelsberg 2005
2063:
2059:
2053:Ackelsberg 2005
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:, p. 285;
1991:
1987:
1975:
1971:
1963:, p. 285;
1955:
1951:
1943:
1932:
1924:
1917:
1909:, p. 285;
1905:
1894:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1855:
1851:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1822:, 9 April 1937)
1795:
1781:
1770:
1718:
1688:
1644:Lázaro Cárdenas
1620:
1618:Exile and death
1554:
1474:
1459:
1437:and its leader
1424:fall of Euskadi
1363:
1299:
1288:
1273:
1259:siege of Madrid
1230:
1151:
1033:
1028:
969:gender equality
906:
866:
854:
844:
842:
835:
834:
775:
767:
766:
677:
669:
668:
509:
501:
500:
454:
446:
445:
401:Anti-militarism
396:Anti-capitalism
386:
269:Political party
242:
238:
225:
220:
218:
216:
215:
196:
176:
164:
155:
153:
147:
145:
143:
138:
122:
121:Vázquez in 1936
110:
101:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
81:
80:
77:
66:
64:
48:
31:
29:
12:
11:
5:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4192:
4191:
4166:
4145:(in Spanish).
4129:
4115:(in Spanish).
4102:
4088:
4078:(in Spanish).
4064:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4017:
3999:
3969:(4): 593–612.
3952:
3942:(4): 419–441.
3929:
3923:
3906:
3900:
3880:
3853:Romani Studies
3843:
3831:(1): 305–322.
3814:
3800:
3780:
3774:
3754:
3732:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3691:
3676:
3674:, p. 610.
3664:
3662:, p. 599.
3652:
3650:, p. 596.
3640:
3628:
3612:
3610:, p. 626.
3600:
3598:, p. 602.
3588:
3576:
3564:
3548:
3546:, p. 627.
3536:
3524:
3512:
3496:
3484:
3482:, p. 235.
3470:, p. 25;
3460:
3458:, p. 285.
3454:, p. 25;
3444:
3432:
3420:
3418:, p. 232.
3408:
3392:
3380:
3378:, p. 229.
3368:
3366:, p. 648.
3356:
3344:
3330:, p. 25;
3324:Alexander 1999
3316:
3314:, p. 285.
3308:Alexander 1999
3300:
3288:
3286:, p. 187.
3276:
3264:
3248:
3236:Alexander 1999
3228:
3212:
3197:
3195:, p. 226.
3185:Alexander 1999
3177:
3165:
3163:, p. 647.
3153:
3141:
3139:, p. 623.
3129:
3117:
3113:Alexander 1999
3105:
3097:Alexander 1999
3089:
3087:, p. 978.
3085:Alexander 1999
3077:
3075:, p. 585.
3069:Alexander 1999
3061:
3059:, p. 976.
3057:Alexander 1999
3049:
3045:Alexander 1999
3037:
3035:, p. 975.
3033:Alexander 1999
3025:
3013:
3011:, p. 580.
2998:
2986:
2974:
2962:
2960:, p. 568.
2950:
2942:Alexander 1999
2934:
2932:, p. 223.
2926:Alexander 1999
2914:
2906:Alexander 1999
2894:
2882:
2880:, p. 499.
2870:
2858:
2856:, p. 322.
2854:Alexander 1999
2846:
2844:, p. 152.
2834:
2832:, p. 152.
2826:Alexander 1999
2818:
2806:
2804:, p. 145.
2794:
2792:, p. 285.
2786:Alexander 1999
2775:
2773:, p. 504.
2763:
2761:, p. 504.
2755:Alexander 1999
2747:
2743:Alexander 1999
2735:
2727:Alexander 1999
2719:
2717:, p. 150.
2707:
2695:
2687:Alexander 1999
2679:
2667:
2665:, p. 484.
2655:
2651:Alexander 1999
2643:
2639:Alexander 1999
2631:
2627:Alexander 1999
2619:
2617:, p. 943.
2615:Alexander 1999
2607:
2605:, p. 941.
2603:Alexander 1999
2595:
2587:Alexander 1999
2579:
2559:Alexander 1999
2551:
2549:, p. 241.
2543:Alexander 1999
2535:
2533:, p. 241.
2527:Alexander 1999
2519:
2515:Alexander 1999
2507:
2491:
2489:, p. 317.
2470:
2468:, p. 332.
2462:Alexander 1999
2454:
2450:Alexander 1999
2442:
2440:, p. 317.
2430:Alexander 1999
2422:
2420:, p. 236.
2418:Alexander 1999
2410:
2408:, p. 601.
2398:
2396:, p. 123.
2386:
2374:
2372:, p. 122.
2362:
2348:, p. 25;
2338:Alexander 1999
2330:
2328:, p. 207.
2318:
2316:, p. 122.
2302:
2294:Alexander 1999
2286:
2284:, p. 118.
2278:Alexander 1999
2270:
2258:Alexander 1999
2250:
2238:
2236:, p. 401.
2226:
2214:Alexander 1999
2206:
2204:, p. 751.
2202:Alexander 1999
2194:
2192:, p. 401.
2186:Alexander 1999
2178:
2162:
2160:, p. 390.
2150:
2129:
2117:
2115:, p. 598.
2101:Alexander 1999
2093:
2081:
2079:, p. 128.
2069:
2057:
2055:, p. 126.
2045:
2033:
2031:, p. 285.
2021:
2009:
2007:, p. 598.
1995:, p. 25;
1985:
1983:, p. 285.
1969:
1967:, p. 598.
1949:
1947:, p. 598.
1930:
1915:
1913:, p. 598.
1892:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1849:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1811:de la mujer” (
1805:
1794:
1793:Selected works
1791:
1687:
1684:
1619:
1616:
1563:Segundo Blanco
1553:
1550:
1487:Helmut Rüdiger
1458:
1455:
1362:
1359:
1319:militarisation
1311:Durruti Column
1271:Jacinto Toryho
1263:Horacio Prieto
1238:public order.
1228:Joan Casanovas
1195:Lluis Companys
1150:
1147:
1143:Mujeres Libres
1052:Sants-Montjuïc
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
975:organisation.
973:Mujeres Libres
908:
907:
905:
904:
897:
890:
882:
879:
878:
877:
876:
864:
852:
837:
836:
833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
776:
774:Related topics
773:
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
496:Trade unionism
493:
492:
491:
489:General strike
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
411:Class conflict
408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
371:
370:
364:
363:
351:
350:
347:
346:
345:
344:
339:
334:
324:
320:
319:
316:
312:
311:
307:
306:
303:
299:
298:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
235:
231:
230:
213:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
197:
195:
194:
188:
181:
179:
173:
172:
170:Horacio Prieto
167:
161:
160:
135:
134:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
112:
111:
108:
99:
62:
54:permanent link
27:
16:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4282:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4052:O Tchatchipen
4046:
4041:
4040:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4018:0-8070-7004-1
4014:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:Wexler, Alice
4000:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3901:0-203-02280-7
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3801:0-8078-1906-9
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3775:1-85756-412-X
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3733:1-902593-96-0
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3700:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3673:
3668:
3661:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3637:
3632:
3625:
3621:
3620:Bolloten 1991
3616:
3609:
3608:Bolloten 1991
3604:
3597:
3592:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3568:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3544:Bolloten 1991
3540:
3533:
3532:Bolloten 1991
3528:
3521:
3520:Bolloten 1991
3516:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3441:
3436:
3429:
3424:
3417:
3412:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3377:
3372:
3365:
3364:Bolloten 1991
3360:
3353:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3273:
3268:
3261:
3257:
3256:Bolloten 1991
3252:
3245:
3241:
3240:Bolloten 1991
3237:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3220:Bolloten 1991
3216:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3189:Bolloten 1991
3186:
3181:
3174:
3173:Bolloten 1991
3169:
3162:
3161:Bolloten 1991
3157:
3150:
3149:Bolloten 1991
3145:
3138:
3137:Bolloten 1991
3133:
3126:
3125:Bolloten 1991
3121:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3101:Bolloten 1991
3098:
3093:
3086:
3081:
3074:
3073:Bolloten 1991
3070:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3021:Bolloten 1991
3017:
3010:
3009:Bolloten 1991
3005:
3003:
2995:
2994:Bolloten 1991
2990:
2983:
2982:Bolloten 1991
2978:
2971:
2970:Bolloten 1991
2966:
2959:
2958:Bolloten 1991
2954:
2947:
2946:Bolloten 1991
2943:
2938:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2878:Bolloten 1991
2874:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2843:
2842:Casanova 2004
2838:
2831:
2830:Casanova 2004
2827:
2822:
2815:
2814:Casanova 2004
2810:
2803:
2802:Casanova 2004
2798:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2771:Bolloten 1991
2767:
2760:
2759:Bolloten 1991
2756:
2751:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2731:Bolloten 1991
2728:
2723:
2716:
2715:Casanova 2004
2711:
2704:
2703:Bolloten 1991
2699:
2692:
2691:Bolloten 1991
2688:
2683:
2676:
2675:Bolloten 1991
2671:
2664:
2663:Bolloten 1991
2659:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2591:Bolloten 1991
2588:
2583:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2567:Casanova 2004
2564:
2563:Bolloten 1991
2560:
2555:
2548:
2547:Bolloten 1991
2544:
2539:
2532:
2531:Bolloten 1991
2528:
2523:
2516:
2511:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2467:
2466:Bolloten 1991
2463:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2435:
2434:Bolloten 1991
2431:
2426:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2395:
2394:Casanova 2004
2390:
2383:
2382:Casanova 2004
2378:
2371:
2370:Casanova 2004
2366:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2350:Casanova 2004
2347:
2343:
2342:Bolloten 1991
2339:
2334:
2327:
2326:Bolloten 1991
2322:
2315:
2314:Casanova 2004
2311:
2310:Bolloten 1991
2306:
2299:
2298:Casanova 2004
2295:
2290:
2283:
2282:Casanova 2004
2279:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2246:Casanova 2004
2242:
2235:
2234:Bolloten 1991
2230:
2223:
2222:Casanova 2004
2219:
2218:Bolloten 1991
2215:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2190:Bolloten 1991
2187:
2182:
2175:
2171:
2170:Casanova 2004
2166:
2159:
2158:Bolloten 1991
2154:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2127:, p. 92.
2126:
2121:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2105:Casanova 2004
2102:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2017:Casanova 2004
2013:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:Casanova 2004
1994:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1977:Casanova 2004
1973:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:Casanova 2004
1953:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1928:, p. 25.
1927:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1889:(in Catalan).
1888:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1859:
1853:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:Juan Profundo
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1712:Josep Peirats
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1659:socialisation
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1575:Popular Front
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1537:demonstration
1534:
1529:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1517:Pedro Herrera
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:secret police
1499:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:Josep Peirats
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:. During the
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:authoritarian
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:Popular Front
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:chosen family
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:working class
1038:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
956:
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:
914:
903:
898:
896:
891:
889:
884:
883:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
863:
858:
853:
851:
841:
840:
839:
838:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
771:
770:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
676:Organizations
673:
672:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
544:García Oliver
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
505:
504:
497:
494:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:Strike action
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
464:Direct action
462:
460:
457:
456:
450:
449:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:Anti-politics
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
382:
381:
377:
373:
372:
369:
366:
365:
361:
357:
356:
348:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
236:
232:
228:
212:
208:
203:
199:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
180:
174:
171:
168:
162:
141:
136:
133:
129:
125:
118:
113:
106:
103:
90:
86:
74:
70:
65:
58:
57:
55:
39:
35:
30:
23:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4146:
4140:
4116:
4110:
4075:
4051:
4007:
3986:10261/280207
3966:
3960:
3939:
3933:
3914:
3887:
3860:(1): 15–47.
3857:
3851:
3828:
3822:
3787:
3761:
3719:
3708:Bibliography
3694:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3567:
3551:
3539:
3527:
3515:
3499:
3487:
3463:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3411:
3395:
3383:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3319:
3303:
3291:
3279:
3267:
3251:
3231:
3215:
3180:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3092:
3080:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2953:
2937:
2917:
2897:
2885:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2837:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2766:
2750:
2738:
2722:
2710:
2698:
2682:
2670:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2582:
2554:
2538:
2522:
2510:
2494:
2457:
2445:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2333:
2321:
2305:
2289:
2273:
2253:
2241:
2229:
2209:
2197:
2181:
2165:
2153:
2120:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1988:
1972:
1952:
1884:
1875:
1852:
1835:
1819:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1768:María Sierra
1764:Helios Gómez
1761:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1705:
1689:
1672:
1656:
1621:
1603:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1555:
1530:
1522:
1513:Emma Goldman
1510:
1491:
1472:Ramón Liarte
1460:
1432:
1428:Manuel Azaña
1403:
1364:
1354:
1326:
1323:CNT militias
1308:
1297:Jaume Balius
1284:, replacing
1281:
1240:
1199:anti-fascist
1167:Nationalists
1152:
1138:
1119:
1116:
1109:
1080:
1034:
1012:
1004:Emma Goldman
982:. After the
977:
953:
939:
917:
916:
912:
911:
810:Neozapatismo
323:Battles/wars
239:(1939-06-18)
237:18 June 1939
177:Succeeded by
139:
102:
20:This is the
19:
18:
4270:Calé people
4210:1939 deaths
4205:1909 births
4175:Mexico City
4119:(5480): 4.
4112:La Libertad
3480:Wexler 1989
3440:Wexler 1989
3428:Wexler 1989
3416:Wexler 1989
3404:Wexler 1989
3388:Wexler 1989
3376:Wexler 1989
3340:Wexler 1989
3272:Wexler 1989
3260:Wexler 1989
3244:Wexler 1989
3224:Wexler 1989
3208:Wexler 1989
3193:Wexler 1989
2930:Wexler 1989
2910:Wexler 1989
2890:Wexler 1989
1782: [
1771: [
1719: [
1680:Marne river
1599:opportunism
1475: [
1451:Trotskyists
1407:Juan Negrín
1315:Málaga fell
1300: [
1289: [
1274: [
1231: [
1223:Civil Guard
1078:"Vázquez".
1048:Hostafrancs
1015:Marne river
992:Juan Negrín
825:Sorelianism
820:Platformism
614:Petrichenko
599:Novomirskii
259:Nationality
251:Citizenship
165:Preceded by
4199:Categories
3742:2003113040
3699:Brown 2024
3556:Brown 2024
3504:Brown 2024
2499:Brown 2024
2487:Brown 2024
2438:Brown 2024
1868:References
1858:diminutive
1701:party line
1663:Bolshevise
1447:Stalinists
1439:Andreu Nin
1371:Joan Peiró
1339:discipline
1213:(ERC) and
1093:(CNT), an
1087:bricklayer
944:family in
795:De Leonism
604:Pelloutier
569:Mainwaring
416:Federalism
315:Allegiance
284:Bricklayer
280:Profession
193:(in exile)
187:(in Spain)
156:1939-02-10
148:1936-11-18
63:Nikkimaria
28:Nikkimaria
4187:807004505
4160:27 August
4155:0754-0566
4125:2488-3689
4098:932813158
4060:1133-6420
3995:0265-6914
3892:Routledge
3886:(2004) .
3876:1528-0748
3718:(2005) .
2866:Ruiz 2009
1809:elevación
1652:Amsterdam
1545:armistice
1391:ceasefire
1355:señoritos
1347:rearguard
1171:Catalonia
1037:Barcelona
1026:Biography
946:Barcelona
805:Mutualism
634:Santillán
519:Ascaso J.
514:Ascaso F.
290:Signature
227:Barcelona
140:In office
4135:(1959).
4027:88-43317
3810:89-77911
3786:(1991).
3760:(1999).
3750:63382446
3724:AK Press
1468:vendetta
1387:May Days
1327:Nosotros
1255:Valencia
984:May Days
918:Marianet
639:Schapiro
574:Maksimov
549:Gröndahl
474:Sabotage
453:Practice
360:a series
358:Part of
337:May Days
305:Marianet
302:Nickname
73:contribs
38:contribs
1841:Catalan
1693:purists
1565:as his
1321:of the
929:of the
664:Yarchuk
629:Rüdiger
609:Pestaña
579:Meltzer
539:Dolgoff
534:Chomsky
524:Besnard
459:Boycott
263:Catalan
254:Spanish
219: (
154: (
146: (
4185:
4153:
4123:
4096:
4086:
4058:
4025:
4015:
3993:
3921:
3898:
3874:
3808:
3798:
3772:
3766:London
3748:
3740:
3730:
1686:Legacy
1640:Mexico
1628:France
1611:London
1571:health
1494:credit
1383:Toledo
1243:Madrid
659:Witkop
654:Souchy
624:Rocker
619:Pouget
594:Gandía
584:Orobón
564:Köster
508:People
385:Theory
4072:(PDF)
4048:(PDF)
1827:Notes
1786:]
1775:]
1756:Cénit
1723:]
1632:Paris
1630:. In
1479:]
1304:]
1293:]
1278:]
1235:]
1039:to a
963:with
644:Seguí
589:Peiró
559:Kater
554:Leval
529:Camus
275:(CNT)
4183:OCLC
4162:2017
4151:ISSN
4121:ISSN
4094:OCLC
4084:ISBN
4056:ISSN
4023:LCCN
4013:ISBN
3991:ISSN
3919:ISBN
3896:ISBN
3872:ISSN
3806:LCCN
3796:ISBN
3770:ISBN
3746:OCLC
3738:LCCN
3728:ISBN
1856:The
1777:and
1607:POUM
1569:and
1481:and
1449:and
1441:was
1435:POUM
1369:and
1189:and
1044:Calé
942:Calé
649:Soto
234:Died
221:1909
217:1909
210:Born
85:diff
78:(ce)
69:talk
49:(ce)
34:talk
4117:XIX
3981:hdl
3971:doi
3944:doi
3862:doi
3833:doi
1650:in
43:at
4201::
4181:.
4177::
4173:.
4139:.
4109:.
4092:.
4082:.
4050:.
4021:.
3989:.
3979:.
3967:52
3965:.
3959:.
3940:18
3938:.
3913:.
3894:.
3890:.
3870:.
3858:30
3856:.
3850:.
3829:33
3827:.
3821:.
3804:.
3794:.
3790:.
3764:.
3744:.
3736:.
3726:.
3679:^
3200:^
3001:^
2778:^
2473:^
2132:^
1933:^
1918:^
1895:^
1883:.
1843::
1784:es
1773:es
1721:es
1654:.
1477:es
1302:ca
1291:es
1276:es
1233:ca
1145:.
937:.
362:on
87:)
71:|
36:|
4189:.
4147:9
4127:.
4100:.
4062:.
4029:.
3997:.
3983::
3973::
3950:.
3946::
3927:.
3904:.
3878:.
3864::
3841:.
3835::
3812:.
3778:.
3752:.
1847:.
1691:"
957:,
901:e
894:t
887:v
223:)
158:)
150:)
83:(
75:)
67:(
40:)
32:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
