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May Coup (Serbia)

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727:, who was on duty that night, unlocked gate in 2:00 AM. Searching for the royal couple was unsuccessful for nearly two hours. During this time, captain Jovan Miljkovic, an aide who was familiar with conspiracy but refused to take any part, and Mihailo Naumović (by conspirators who didn't know who was he) were killed. Doors of the Kingā€™s bedroom were shattered with dynamite, but no one was in bed. Unknown to the others, Apis spotted someone was escaping down the stairs into the courtyard and he thought it was the king, and ran after him. It turned out to be one of the king's loyal guardsman and in the gunfight that erupted, Apis was wounded with three bullets in his chest, but he survived thanks to his strong constitution. 752:
author C. L. Sulzberger relates the account given to him by a friend of his, who had personally participated in the assassination under Captain Apis: The assassination squad "burst into the little palace, found the king and queen cowering in a closet (both in silken nightgowns), stabbed them and chucked them out the window onto garden manure heaps, hacking off Alexander's fingers when he clung desperately to the sill". This account would indicate that King Alexander was killed after he had been thrown out of the palace. The assassination of King Alexander coincided with the 35th anniversary of the assassination of his predecessor Prince Mihajlo. The remains of the royal copule were buried in
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idea with foreign representatives in Belgrade, and travelled abroad, trying to find out how to receive changes on the Serbian throne if the king died without children. It turned out that Austria-Hungary did not intend to nominate any of the its princes, as it expected difficulties and obstacles put forward by Russia. Russia, for the very same reasons, fearing resistance from Vienna, was not willing to out bid one of its princes. Among conspirator was
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into a conflict with his son. A week after his departure, queen Natalija was allowed to return to Serbia. Natalija invited Alexander to come to Biarritz. When he went to visit his mother, he met Draga, who was 12 years older than him, and immediately fell in love with her. Natalija knew about this affair, but she didn't pay much attention to it, believing that it is only a short-lived adventure.
679: 650:, had tried to impose his opinion that they only force King Alexander to abdicate the throne and exile him from the country. However, the opinion that this would be the worst solution and that may trigger a civil war, was put forward by Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević and accepted, therefore, it was firmly decided that the king and queen should be assassinated. 789: 569:
abolished his octroyed constitution and disbanded the Senate and National Assembly. After that the king appointed new people in the Senate, the State Council and the courts. Then the king with the second coup, restored the constitution he had abolished just few hours earlier. After this, the government conducted elections on 18 May 1903 (31 May by
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Angry elements within the army mutinied in NiÅ” in 1904, taking control of the NiÅ” district in support of the fallen king, and demanded that the assassins be tried for their crimes. Their aim was also to show that the army as a whole was not responsible for the coup of May 1903. As a supporter of the Obrenović dynasty, the future field-marshal
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Ristić fired at them, using all the bullets from his revolver, followed by Vemić and Captain Ilija Radivojević. The King fell dead from the first shot. The Queen tried to save his life by blocking his body with her own. General Petrović was killed immediately afterwards, and the bodies of the king and queen were thrown from a window.
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On the conspirators call to came out, Alexander demanded from the conspirators to confirm the oath. According to one version, they did it, and according to the other, they threatened to bomb the palace if Alexander didn't open the passage. After Alexander and Draga came out, artillery captain Mihajlo
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Junior officers had complained because the Queenā€™s false pregnancy, shrunk reputation of Serbia and constant displays of temper from her brother Nikola Lunjevica, himself a junior military officer, who once killed a policeman while being drunk. Nikola, as the king's brother-in-law, also demanded that
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Due to the increasing repulsion by the Russian court, in autumn of 1902 King Alexander tried to again approach to Austria. Even earlier he took some steps. Already in January 1902 King Alexander sent to Vienna his personal secretary with the promise that it will solve the question of his successor in
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in 1901. Another opponent of the marriage was the Dowager Queen Nataly, who wrote a letter to Alexander containing all the ugliest rumors circulating in Russia regarding Draga. Minister of foreign affairs Andra Đorđević visited Belgrade Metropolitan and asked him to refuse to give blessing. Alexander
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Milan on June 24th 1899. Then Milan began to reckon with the radicals in all ways. However, Alexander now had to find a way to get rid of his father so he could marry Draga; therefore he decided to send King Milan and the Prime Minister Đorđević away from the country. Under the pretext of the need to
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Therefore, new King Peter decided to remove from court aide-de-camps that take part in the coup, in the same time promoting them to higher positions. Aleksandar MaÅ”in became acting chief of staff, while colonel Čedomilj Popović became comander of Danube division. This satisfied Russia, that returned
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The news of the coup was received with mixed feelings by the Serbs. Many who had blamed the king for the situation in the country were satisfied, while those who supported him were disappointed. In parliamentary elections a few days before the coup, the kingā€™s candidate had received a full majority.
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The situation was not any better in his private life; after ten years of marriage, quarrels between the king and the queen were fiercer and more frequent. King Milan was not a faithful husband, while the Queen Natalija was greatly influenced by Russia. In 1886, the couple, mismatched both personally
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was only accredited in front of King Alexander, thus with his death, relations between United Kingdom and Serbia are terminated. Bonham left Serbia on 21 June. British government demanded from Belgrade punishment of regicides as sign of regret. However, the conspirators were so powerful that it was
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What is certainly known of the events of that night is that the King and Queen were eventually discovered hiding inside a wardrobe, and then both savagely killed; their bodies mutilated, and afterwards tossed from a second floor window onto piles of manure. Diplomatic correspondent, historian, and
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the king and queen were hiding behind the mirror in the royal bedroom. The small room was used for the queen's wardrobe and cupboards closed a hole in the floor, which was the entrance to the secret passage (which was allegedly led to the Russian Embassy, that was located opposite to the palace).
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The conspirators from the interior arrived in Belgrade the day before, under various pretexts. Together with their Belgrade comrades, they were divided into five groups, spent night in the pubs in town, and were all found in the house officer. King Alexander that night had diner with his ministers
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for the Queen's birthday on 11 September, but the plan failed cause royal couple didn't arrive. After developing action among the military ranks, the conspirators decided to acquaint politicians and citizens with their intentions. The plot was first introduced to Đorđe Genčić. Genčić discussed the
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as a new Prime Minister. This step and the subsequent conduct of the Liberal politicians caused serious discontent in the country. On 1st (13th) April 1893 prince Alexander, by a successful stratagem, imprisoned the regents and the ministers in the palace, and, declaring himself of age, called the
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According to one version, the officers again entered the royal bedhamber and a cavalry lieutenant Velimir Vemić observed a recess in the wall which appeared like a keyhole of a secret door. The King and the Queen were hidden there. According to another version, which is partially accepted for the
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Rumors about plot leaked out in public, but at first the King dismissed them as false and someone's propaganda. Eventually, few officers were brought before military court, but they were acquitted due to lack of evidences. Fearing that they could be discovered, conspirators decide to act on first
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organized a rally of dissatisfied workers and students on 23 March 1903. The rally turned into open conflict with police and army, resulted in the deaths of six people. Knowing that he would not be able to win new elections, the king staged two coups within one hour. With the first coup Alexander
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King Alexander tried to keep the policy of neutral governments, but he didn't have much success. Therefore, on May 9th 1894 he conducted another coup, abolished the Constitution from 1888 and put in force the old one from 1869. Milan's return to Serbia didn't last long because very quickly he got
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On January 3rd 1889, Milan adopted the new Constitution, which was a lot more liberal than the existing one from 1869. Two months later, on March 6th, Milan suddenly abdicated the throne in favor of his son. No satisfactory reason was given for this step. Upon abdication, former king Milan put up
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At the beginning of his reign, King Alexander was prescribing a program of Government in matters of military, economical and financial life of the state. He disapproved an unprincipled party competition, and in order to suppress the radicals, on January 9th, he invited his father back to Serbia.
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After the death of the regent Protić on June 4th, 1892, a conflict emerged between PaÅ”ić, who wanted the emptied place in regency for himself, and the regent Ristić, who disliked PaÅ”ić. In 1892. Ristić transferred the Government to the Liberal party, the party he had always been linked with, and
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from his home. After midnight Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis commanded the departure toward the royal palace. At same time Colonel Aleksandar MaÅ”in went to the barracks of 12th regiment to take command over the regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Petar MiÅ”ić was preparing with his 11th regiment to
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as a new Prime Minister. Milan was appointed the position of the Supreme Commander of the Active Army of Kingdom of Serbia. Together with the new Gouvernment , Milan tried to find a suitable princess from some Western court to be Alexander's bride. However, they didn't know that Alexander was
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Dimitrijević and Black Hand were involved in another scandal. Nikola PaÅ”ić decided to get rid of the most prominent members of the Black Hand movement, by then officially disbanded. Dimitrijević and several of his military colleagues were arrested and tried on false charges blaming them with
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and due to deteriorating situation in Macedonia. Government of Ljubomir Stojanović was ready to fulfill British demands, but it was Nikola PaÅ”ić's government which finally did that. The conspirators were brought to trial, which forced some of them into premature retirement, while some junior
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in 1804-1835, it emerged as an independent principality, ruled by various factions surrounding the Obrenović and Karađordević dynasties; these in turn were sponsored by the rival Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires.The Obrenović family was pro-Austrian, while their hereditary enemies, the
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After the coup, life in Serbia continued as before, however now with King Peter exerting minimal interference in politics, not wishing to oppose the Black Hand, which had become increasingly powerful. The turnaround in the external policy between Serbia and Austria-Hungary led to the
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After another failed attempt to to kill the royal couple on the fiftieth anniversary celebration of the Belgrade Choral Society, the group decided to stage the killing in the palace, so they decided to recruit officers of Royal guard. Lieutenant Colonel Mihailo Naumović, a grandson of
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conspirators were never been punished for their complicity in the assassination. Dimitrijević was later promoted into rank of colonel and served as officer in the intelligence sector of the Serbian army. British-Serbian diplomatic relation were renewed by decree signed by
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in 1888, King Milan succeeded to recover the crown prince, whom he undertook to educate. As a reply to the queen's remonstrances, Milan exerted considerable pressure upon the metropolitan, and obtained a divorce, which was afterward annulled as illegal.
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Nervous because of the failure of the search, the approaching dawn, and the disappearance of Apis, who was lying wounded in the basement of the palace, the conspirators believed that the plot failed. So they ordered soldiers to bring the King's first
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The first meeting was on 6 September 1901 in Lt. Antićā€™s apartment. Later, Lieutenant Milan Marinković and Lieutenant Nikodije Popović joined the conspiracy. According to the original plan, Alexander and Draga were to be killed by knives dipped into
800:. Aleksandar MaÅ”in was appointed as Minister of Civil Engineering, Jovan Atanacković was appointed as Minister of the Army, while Đorđe Genčić became Minister of the Economy. Beside conspirators, members of the new government were: radical 504:, minister of interior in Vladan Đorđević's government. Due to his public condemnation of the engagement, Alexander jailed him for seven years. Situation solved Russian tzar Nicolas Romanov who agreed to be Alexander's honorary best man. 491:, and widow of engineer Svetozar MaÅ”in. Draga was 12 years older than Alexander. At that time it was very unusual for a king or heir to the throne to marry a woman who was not a member of the nobility. Alexander's father, the former king 562:
agreement with the neighboring monarchy, by adopting one of the descendants of female line of Obrenovićs, who lives in Austria-Hungary. On the other hand, Draga believed that Alexander can adopt her brother Nikodije Lunjevica.
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since an accident in her youth, which Alexander refused to believe), pardoned all political prisoners, including Đorđe Genčić and remaining radicals, and on 20 March 1901 put together a new government led by the radical
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were also killed in their homes. The third member of Cincar-Marković's government, Interior Minister Velimir Todorović, who was also supposed to be killed, was instead severely wounded, and he lived until 1922.
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diplomatically boycott of Serbia until conspirating officers were removed from influential position in government and army. Boycott had almost complete success, as of January 1904 only ambassadors of
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The assassination of the royal couple was carried out by the conspirators who were all Army officers led by Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis, who was in the pay of the Russians and the leader of the
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also visited the Metropolitan and threatened that he will abdicate if he can't get blessing. As sign of protest, entire Đorđević's government resigned. Among the fiercest opponents to marriage was
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were found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. A month later, on June 11, 24 or 27, they were executed by firing squad. After World War II, Apis and his associates were rehabilitated.
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who didnā€™t want to receive the king and queen in the latter's planned visit to Russia. Alexander blamed radicals for it, made a new coup and installed a government headed by General
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and politically, separated. The Queen Natalija withdrew from the kingdom, taking with her the ten-year old Prince Alexander (later King Alexander I). While she was residing in
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Alexander's mother, former queen Natalija, who was in a process of divorcing from Milan, was banished from Belgrade upon Alexander's request and went to French coastal resort
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During the time, Serbian statesmen became more and more nervous because of British (then leading world empire) refusal to reestablish diplomatic relations, especially after
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Radical government immediately resigned and moved into opposition. The influence of ex king Milan to state affairs could be noticed immediately after his return to Serbia.
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King Alexander invited his father to return once more to Serbia. Upon the arrival of the former King Milan to Serbia on October 7th 1897, a new Government was formed with
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withdrew their ambassadors from Serbia, thus freezing diplomatic relations, and imposed sanctions, which were abolished in 1905. British Prime Minister
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After the death of his father Milan, King Alexander, as a sign good will, due to the Queen's alleged pregnancy (a public secret was the fact she was
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its ambassador. This was followed by other states, leaving only United Kingdom and the Netherlands lonely in boycotting new Serbian government.
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Due to the growing engagement of King Milan in daily Serbian political life, and especially due to his anti-radical policy, an unemployed worker
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was one of candidate for Serbian throne. However, it was revealed that the candidacy of Peter Karađorđević, who lived as an ordinary citizen in
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to sign a contract with Austro-Hungary. As soon as he removed the opponents, Alexander was able to announce his engagement to Draga MaŔin.
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International outrage against the coup came swiftly. Russia and Austria-Hungary both vehemently condemned the brutal assassination. The
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that The Black Hand was already formed by May 1903, author Micheal Shackelford claims the society came into existance under the name
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and the Queen's family. Naumović gave sign to conspirators that royal couple asleep by sending one of his subordinates to bring his
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In August of 1901, Cavalry Lt. Antonije Antić (Genčić's nephew), Captains Radomir Aranđelović and Milan Petrović, and lieutenants
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In the same night the Queenā€™s brothers Nikodije and Nikola Ljunjevice were killed by a firing squad commanded by Lieutenant
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The false pregnancy of Queen Draga created a huge problem for King Alexander. The first reaction came from Russian Tsar
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Karađordević family were decidedly pro-Russian. Each dynasty was financially aided by their powerful foreign sponsors.
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also were considered to be members of new government, but were absent from Belgrade in time of overthrow.
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negotiate his marriage to German Princess Alexandra Schaumburg-Lippe, Alexander sent his father to
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calendar) of which the government won. This was the final political victory for King Alexander I.
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to meet with Peter and acquaint him with the conspiracy. Peter did not want to commit himself to
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commanded the firing squad that shot Queen Draga's brothers Nikola and Nikodije Lunjevica
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occasion when Naumović was on charge, on the night between 28 and 29 May (Old Style).
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and, relying on his mood, a group of older conspirators, which was headed by General
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formed a new Government. On his father's demand, king Alexander paid a visit to
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The wedding took place on 23 July 1900, and one of officers in procession was
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as his ally. He proclaimed himself a king in 1882. His military defeat in the
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Members of the new interim government soon gathered under the presidency of
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Artistic vision of the May Overthrown published in 1903 in French newspaper
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and brought him back to Serbia. He ascended the Serbian throne as Peter I.
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radicals to office; in short period the new Prime Minister became radicals
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Together with the royal couple, the conspirators killed the Prime Minister
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and Dragutin Dulić forged a plot to assassinate the King and Queen.
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King Alexander's popularity further declined after his marriage with
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unrealistic for the Serbian government to act on British demands.
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regency to rule in the name of young king Alexander and retired to
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formed a new Government, which was succeeded by the Government of
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Few squads of conspirators surrounded houses of Prime Minister
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condemned the assassinations four days later in his speech in
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and senior officers loyal to King Alexander. Guard Lieutenant
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Note:Although Foreign Affairs correspondent and historian
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The National Assembly had a session on 4 June 1903, voted
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to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
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calendar, which was still in use in Serbia at the time.
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as King of Serbia and elected the mission which went to
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King Peter I after his coronation (on 21 September 1904)
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to live as a plain citizen. Members of the Regency were
1137:"Kriza u odnosima Kraljevine Srbije i Velike Britanije" 980:
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
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On May 23, 1917, following the so-called 576: 487:, the former lady-in-waiting of his mother 100: 52: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1031: 804:, liberal Vojislav Veljković, leaders of 321:, were serious blows to his popularity. 1160:, Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, 1977 787: 758: 677: 619: 580: 443: 257: 241: 147: 79:Revision as of 17:44, 27 August 2010 by 47: 1128: 1045: 78: 14: 1166: 1028: 266:After the assassination of the Prince 905:three years after the May Overthrow. 686:, Belgrade, where the coup was staged 44: 25: 873:persuaded Austrian Foreing Minister 673: 246:From the time Serbia was freed from 17: 819:. Nikola PaÅ”ić, Stojan Ribarac and 145: 114: 1068:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 933:attempted assassination of regent 146: 1195: 806:Serbian Independent Radical Party 775:and Minister of Military General 476:, and Prime Minister Đorđević to 440:Marriage to Draga MaÅ”in Lunjevica 65:. The present address (URL) is a 593:senior officers report to him. 861:saying that British ambassador 539:which consisted of the Senate ( 195:(between June 10th and 11th by 183:, were assassinated inside the 1119: 1110: 1089: 1080: 1019: 1010: 997: 464:regularly meeting with Draga. 13: 1: 990: 234:and the Minister of the Army 167:: ŠœŠ°Ń˜ŃŠŗŠø ŠæрŠµŠ²Ń€Š°Ń‚) was a 1903 921:, carried out by members of 783: 741:The End of Obrenović Dynasty 434:annex Bosnia and Herzegovina 7: 948: 588:, one of chief conspirators 24:of this page, as edited by 10: 1200: 632:Prince Mirko of Montenegro 586:Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis 509:Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis 209:Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis 98: 50: 773:Dimitrije Cincar-Marković 771:. Prime Minister General 721:Dimitrije Cincar-Marković 556:Dimitrije Cincar-Marković 543:) and National Assembly ( 317:, led by the elements of 232:Dimitrije Cincar-Marković 935:Alexander I Karađorđević 577:Army officers conspiracy 1086:Sulzberger, pp.202, 221 1052:Istorija srpskog naroda 519:on former king Milan. 515:accused of backing the 305:, King Milan relied on 250:control, following the 101:ā†’ā€ŽHistorical background 53:ā†’ā€ŽHistorical background 1135:Slobodan G. Marković. 793: 764: 716:depart toward court. 687: 628: 589: 456: 364:Bosnia and Herzegovina 319:People's Radical Party 297:gave their support to 263: 156: 960:Alexander I of Serbia 791: 762: 739:script of the series 681: 623: 598:Dragutin Dimitrijević 584: 447: 360:Alexander III Romanov 303:Treaty of San Stefano 261: 242:Historical background 213:House of Karađorđević 151: 45:17:44, 27 August 2010 869:Austrian ambassador 695:Ujedinjenje ili Smrt 662:in 1817 by order of 558:on 6 November 1902. 469:tried to assassinate 404:Svetozar Nikolajević 311:war against Bulgaria 278:. He was married to 262:King Milan Obrenović 179:and his wife, Queen 1099:states in his book 889:stayed in Serbia. 809:Ljubomir Stojanović 177:Alexander Obrenović 121:ā† Previous revision 1158:The Fall of Eagles 1101:The Fall of Eagles 1005:The Fall of Eagles 1003:C. L. Sulzberger, 955:Serbian Revolution 911:Customs or Pig War 875:Agenor Gołuchowski 828:Peter Karađorđević 794: 765: 688: 629: 590: 457: 348:Jovan Belimarković 291:Congress of Berlin 270:on May 29th 1868 ( 264: 252:Serbian Revolution 201:House of Obrenović 197:Gregorian calendar 157: 1174:History of Serbia 1156:C. L. Sulzberger 1125:Sulzberger, p.202 1116:Sulzberger, p.202 1047:Ćorović, Vladimir 1025:Sulzberger, p.201 1016:Sulzberger, p.202 925:, thus launching 879:Vladimir Lamsdorf 863:Sir George Bonham 842:retired in 1904. 817:Ljubomir Kaljević 815:and progresivist 813:Ljubomir Živković 769:Vojislav Tankosić 754:St. Mark's Church 674:The assassination 648:Jovan Atanacković 625:Vojislav Tankosić 610:Kolarac Endowment 606:potassium cyanide 566:Dimitrije Tucović 419:the progressivist 417:In the meantime, 268:Mihailo Obrenović 154:Le Petit Parisien 1191: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1132: 1126: 1123: 1117: 1114: 1108: 1097:C. L. 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Index

old revision
Nick Number
talk
contribs
ā†’ā€ŽHistorical background
WP:TYPO
permanent link
current revision
Nick Number
talk
contribs
ā†’ā€ŽHistorical background
WP:TYPO
diff
ā† Previous revision
Latest revision
diff
Newer revision ā†’
diff

Le Petit Parisien
Serbian
coup d'Ć©tat
Serbian
Alexander Obrenović
Draga
Royal Palace
Belgrade
Julian calendar
Gregorian calendar

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