United States and state terrorism: Difference between revisions

1652:. The massacres had been mainly perpetrated by the Atlacatl Battalion, the first "rapid response unit" to be trained in the U.S. The certification report was only six pages long. William Leogrande remarked that the report “contained little evidence to support the declaratory judgments that progress had been made in all of the areas required by law. The report refused to acknowledge any government complicity in human rights violations...Moreover the report flatly denied that the paramilitary death squads were linked to the government.” Leogrande further stated that "no independent human rights group agreed with the Reagan administration’s portrait of the situation." The Americas Watch Committee and American Civil Liberties Union jointly referred to the report as a "fraud." Subsequent reports by U.S. agencies on the human rights situation were met with similar incredulity and contempt. A review of the Department of State's 1983 report on human rights in El Salvador by Americas Watch, Helsinki Watch and the Lawyers Committee for International Human Rights concluded "all in all, this is a dreadful report."The Reagan Administration's actions included vociferous denunciations of their critics. In a retrospective report entitled El Salvador's Decade of Terror: Human Rights Since the Assassination of Archbishop Romero, Human Rights Watch summarized the administration's behavior thusly, "during the Reagan years in particular, not only did the United States fail to press for improvements...but in an effort to maintain backing for U.S. policy, it misrepresented the record of the Salvadoran government and smeared critics who challenged that record. In so doing, the administration needlessly polarized the debate in the United States and did a grave injustice to the thousands of civilian victims of government terror in El Salvador." 535:, and, of course, the Cuban missile crisis. Less attention has been given to the state of U.S.-Cuban relations in the aftermath of the missile crisis.” In contrast Rabe writes that reports from the Church Committee reveal that from June 1963 onward the Kennedy administration intensified its war against Cuba while the CIA integrated propaganda, "economic denial", and sabotage to attack the Cuban state as well as specific targets within. One example cited is an incident where CIA agents, seeking to assassinate Castro, provided a Cuban official, Rolando Cubela Secades, with a ballpoint pen rigged with a poisonous hypodermic needle. At this time the CIA received authorization for thirteen major operations within Cuba; these included attacks on an electric power plant, an oil refinery, and a sugar mill. Historian Stephen Rabe has observed that the “Kennedy administration...showed no interest in Castro's repeated request that the United States cease its campaign of sabotage and terrorism against Cuba. Kennedy did not pursue a dual-track policy toward Cuba....The United States would entertain only proposals of surrender." Rabe further documents how "Exile groups, such as 1566:

country in the period 1980 to 1991. The truth commission found that the terrorism that was committed in the country was overwhelmingly governmental terrorism, committed by the Salvadoran army, the National Guard, and their death squads and affiliated agencies. They were responsible for 95 percent of the deaths, the guerrillas for only five percent. These were the same institutions that were the concern and the favorites of Washington—receiving its indoctrination and training and profiting from its largess. El Salvador received six billion dollars in aid from Washington in the period 1979 to 1992. This subsidy to the tiny country during the government repression and terrorism came to average out at $ 100,000 for each member of its armed forces. This subsidy allowed the government to pay for the terrorist activities committed by the security forces. By virtue of this largess and the military training, notably in counterinsurgency warfare, Washington emerges in this chapter as an accessory before and during the fact. By covering up for San Salvador after it had committed terror, Washington was an accessory after the fact. It gave diplomatic support to state terrorism.

1395:"The human rights records of the Guatemalan security services — the D-2 and the Department of Presidential Security (known informally as "Archivos," after one of its predecessor organizations) — were generally known to have been reprehensible by all who were familiar with Guatemala. U.S. policy-makers knew of both the CIA's liaison with them and the services' unsavory reputations. The CIA endeavored to improve the behavior of the Guatemalan services through frequent and close contact and by stressing the importance of human rights — insisting, for example, that Guatemalan military intelligence training include human rights instruction. The station officers assigned to Guatemala and the CIA headquarters officials whom we interviewed believe that the CIA's contact with the Guatemalan services helped improve attitudes towards human rights. Several indices of human rights observance indeed reflected improvement — whether or not this was due to CIA efforts — but egregious violations continued, and some of the station's closest contacts in the security services remained a part of the problem. 2377:, but found no proof linking the murder of activists to a "national policy" as claimed by the left-wing groups. On the other hand the report "linked state security forces to the murder of militants and recommended that military officials, notably retired major general Jovito Palparan, be held liable under the principle of command responsibility for killings in their areas of assignment." E. San Juan, Jr. writes that later, in February 2007, UN Special Rapporteur Philip Alston implicated the Philippine police and military as responsible for the crimes. Alston charged in his report that Arroyo’s propaganda and counter-insurgency strategy “encourage or facilitate the extra-judicial killings of activists and other enemies” of the state. and that "the AFP remains in a state of almost total denial… of its need to respond effectively and authentically to the significant number of killings which have been convincingly attributed to them". 1271:"the Guatemalan truth commission was right to single out the CIA for special mention. Between 1965 and 1981, I served in our embassies in Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. I watched as the CIA recruited dozens of paid informants from the right-wing fringes of Central American society. These ideologues regarded labor union leaders threatening a strike or student activists protesting the closing of a newspaper as agents of subversion. I watched as CIA reports to Washington characterized as Communist or Communist sympathizers, brave men and women whose only crime was to work for the restoration of democratic government and against the U.S.- supported military dictator. Worst of all, I watched as the CIA shared its "intelligence" with the leaders of these military regimes. Not unnaturally these authorities regarded any person fingered in an official CIA report as a legitimate target for persecution, even death." 2266:

obligations under international human rights law to hold accountable perpetrators of politically motivated killings....With inconclusive investigations, implausible suspects, and no convictions, impunity prevails....Out of hundreds of killings and “disappearances” over the past five years, there have been only two successfully prosecuted cases resulting in the conviction of four defendants....The number of senior military officers convicted either for direct involvement or under command responsibility remains zero. The doctrine of command responsibility in international law means that superior officers can be held criminally liable for the actions of their subordinates, and also if a superior had reason to know that subordinates under his command committed an offence and failed to use all feasible means under his command to prevent and punish it, he too may be found guilty for the offence.

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Commission report, over 75% of the serious acts of violence reported took place during the Reagan administration’s time in office. Cynthia Arnson argues that when the killing was at its height, “the Reagan administration downplayed the scale of abuse as well as the involvement of state actors.” When Congress passed a law, unpopular with the Reagan administration, which placed conditions of assurances of human rights compliance and progress on agrarian reforms, the administration issued certification reports every six months that drew heavy criticism, particularly from human rights groups. The first certification report was submitted on January 28, 1982. On the eve of the reports The Washington Post and New York Times published feature articles by American investigative journalists describing massacres in early December of 1981 in and around the village of

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numberless license plates, terror tactics included publishing death lists of future victims, delivering empty coffins to the doorsteps of future victims and sending potential victims invitations to their own funeral. Cynthia Arnson, a long-time writer on Latin America for Human Rights Watch, argues that “the objective of death squad terror seemed not only elimination of opponents, but also, through torture and the gruesome disfiguration of bodies, the terrorization of the population.” In the mid-1980s state terror in El Salvador increasingly took the form of indiscriminate air forces bombing, the planting of mines and harassment of national and international medical personnel- “all indicate that although death rates attributable to death squads have declined in El Salvador since 1983, non-combatant victims of the civil war have increased dramatically.

1296:") issued a report which, among other things, stated that "The CEH recognises that the movement of Guatemala towards polarisation, militarization and civil war was not just the result of national history. The cold war also played an important role. Whilst anti-communism, promoted by the United States within the framework of its foreign policy, received firm support from right-wing political parties and from various other powerful actors in Guatemala, the United States demonstrated that it was willing to provide support for strong military regimes in its strategic backyard. In the case of Guatemala, military assistance was directed towards reinforcing the national intelligence apparatus and for training the officer corps in counterinsurgency techniques, key factors which had significant bearing on human rights violations during the armed confrontation." 1381:"Relations between the U.S. and Guatemalan governments came under strain in 1977, when the Carter administration issued its first annual human rights report on Guatemala. The Guatemalan government rejected that report's negative assessment and refused U.S. military aid." "Relations between the two countries warmed in the mid-1980's with gradual improvements in human rights and the Reagan administration's emphasis on curbing the spread of communism in Central America. After a civilian government under President Cerezo was elected in 1985, overt non-lethal US military aid to Guatemala resumed. In December 1990, however, largely as a result of the killing of US citizen Michael DeVine by members of the Guatemalan army, the Bush administration suspended almost all overt military aid." 1671:. The U.S. State Department provided detailed evidence for the links between the FMLN, Nicaragua, Cuba and the Soviet Union in its White Paper,"The Communist Interference in El Salvador." The document argues that the U.S. chose the most viable middle path between the right and left extremes undermining the country. The U.S. supported the Duarte government which worked with "some success to deal with the serious political and economic problem that most concern the people of El Salvador." Military aid and training given to Salvador eventually professionalized their armed forces and prevented the insurrection by guerrillas from succeeding. The death of many innocent civilians is regarded as regrettable but necessary for Salvadoran and American security, and future prosperity. 1384:"The US worked with the De Leon government in attempting to strengthen democracy and human rights ... The US also joined the "Group of Friends of the Peace Process," which continues to work to bring an end to Guatemala's 35-year-old internal conflict ... There has been some improvement over time in the Guatemalan military's accountability with regard to human rights violations. Whereas in the 1980's the army acted with total impunity, in the 1990's military personnel were for the first time charged, convicted, and imprisoned for some of their crimes. Senior officers, however, are still rarely charged for their roles in ordering or covering up such crimes. Human rights problems, including cases involving US citizens, remain a serious concern in US-Guatemalan relations." 862:

played an important role in facilitating the movement of men and weapons into the region. Havana provides direct support in the form of training, arms, safe havens, and advice to a wide variety of guerrilla groups. Many of these groups engage in terrorist operations." Cuba "encouraged terrorism in the hope of provoking indiscriminate violence and repression, in order to weaken government legitimacy and attract new converts to armed struggle" In 1992, after the Soviet collapse, Fidel Castro stressed that his country’s support for insurgents abroad was a thing of the past. Currently, Cuba is accused by the US of refusing to extradite US fugitives, taking no action against designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, and providing safe haven to members of

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support for political terrorism... The corollary to the idealism embraced by the Republicans in the realm of diplomatic public policy debate was thus political terror. In the dirtiest of Latin America’s dirty wars, their faith in America’s mission justified atrocities in the name of liberty.” In his analysis, Grandin emphasizes that the behaviour of the U.S. backed-contras was particularly inhumane and vicious: "In Nicaragua, the U.S.-backed Contras decapitated, castrated, and otherwise mutilated civilians and foreign aid workers. Some earned a reputation for using spoons to gorge their victims eye’s out. In one raid, Contras cut the breasts of a civilian defender to pieces and ripped the flesh off the bones of another.”

1345:“On December 4, 1982, President Reagan met with Guatemalan President Rios Montt in Honduras and dismissed reports of human rights abuses in Guatemala published by Americas Watch, Amnesty International and others as a “bum wrap” The following month the Reagan administration announced that it was ending a “five-year embargo on arms sale to Guatemala and had approved a sale of $ 6.36 million worth of military spare parts to the country. This sale was approved despite U.S. law forbidding arms sales to governments engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights. “ (Guatemala: A Nation of Prisoners, An Americas Watch Report, January 1984,p. 135) 2358:, this proclamation "grants exceptional unchecked powers to the executive branch", placing the country in a state of emergency and permitting the police and security forces to "conduct warrantless arrests against enemies of the state, including...members of the political opposition and journalists from critical media outlets." With 185 dead, 2006 is so far (2007) the highest annual mark for extra-judicial government murders. Of the 2006 killings, the dead were "mostly left-leaning activists, murdered without trial or punishment for the perpetrators." The issuance of the proclamation conspicuously coincided with a dramatic increase in political violence and extra-judicial killings. 1328:

humanitarian, less costly strategy, to be more compatible with the democratic system. We instituted Civil Affairs which provides development for 70 percent of the people while we kill 30 percent. Before the strategy was to kill 100 percent."}} When the Harvard Crimson asked if these statements accurately represented his views, he retreated, suggesting that the transcript reflected a certain lack of linguistic dexterity, his characteristic use of "broken English." "I really did not mean exactly 'kill,'" but rather that soldiers cannot "renounce coercive action" and that the military is now "going to make a very clear distinction between ." The article also stated:

594:"Terrorism and violence, crimes against Cuba, have been part and parcel of U.S. policy for almost half a century.” The claims formed part of Cuba's $ 181.1 billion lawsuit in 1999 in Havana's Popular Provincial Tribunal against the United States on behalf of the Cuban people which alleged that for over 40 years, "terrorism has been permanently used by the U.S. as an instrument of its foreign policy against Cuba," and it "became more systematic as a result of the covert action program." The lawsuit detailed a history of terrorism allegedly supported by the United States. The United States has long denied any involvement in the acts named in the lawsuit. 966:, has written that "American pilots were flying diverse kinds of combat missions against Nicaraguan troops and carrying supplies to contras inside Nicaraguan territory. Several were shot down and killed. Some flew in civilian clothes, after having been told that they would be disavowed by the Pentagon if captured. Some contras told American congressmen that they were ordered to claim responsibility for a bombing raid organized by the CIA and flown by Agency mercenaries." According to Blum the Pentagon considered U.S. policy in Nicaragua to be a "blueprint for successful U.S. intervention in the Third World" and it would go "right into the textbooks". 2516:

found the Arroyo administration responsible for political killings in the Philippines was not much more than a kangaroo court -- a view shared by Malacañang officials and their allies in Congress. He said the verdict was “not serious” because the accused were not even invited to the sessions. The head of the European Commission in the Philippines, said the European Union would not issue any statement on the PPT’s verdict because the tribunal was a "nonofficial body, nongovernment." The Dutch ambassador to the Philippines stated that the Netherlands, along with other European nations, was concerned about the human rights situation in the Philippines.

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killings, many of which had been linked to government anti-insurgency operations. Interior Assistant Secretary Danilo Valero said the sharp decline, 83%, in the number of political killings last year, as well as the filing of cases against the suspects, “underline the Arroyo government’s strong commitment to human rights and its firm resolve to put an end to these unexplained killings and put their perpetrators behind bars.” Task Force Usig was created in 2006 as the government’s response to the extrajudicial killings. Valero said the yearend statistics showed “the creation of the task force has been a deterrent” to such crimes.

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intelligence system were records of communist party members, pro-Arbenz organizations, teacher associations, and peasant unions which were used to create a detailed “Black List” with names and information about some 70,000 individuals that were viewed as potential subversives. It was “CIA counter-intelligence officers who sorted the records and determined how they could be put to use.” McClintock argues that this list persisted as an index of subversives for several decades and probably served as a database of possible targets for the counter-insurgency campaign that began in the early 1960s.

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continued through the tensest moments of the missile crisis,” remarking that “they were formally canceled on October 30, several days after the Kennedy and Khrushchev agreement, but went on nonetheless.” Accordingly, "the Executive Committee of the National Security Council recommended various courses of action, "including ‘using selected Cuban exiles to sabotage key Cuban installations in such a manner that the auction can plausibly be attributed to Cubans in Cuba’ as well as ‘sabotaging Cuban cargo and shipping, and Bloc cargo and shipping to Cuba." Peter Kornbluh, senior analyst at the

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launched a series of terrorist actions from the “mothership” off Nicaragua’s coast. In September 1983, the agency attacked Puerto Sandino with rockets. The following month, frogmen blew up the underwater oil pipeline in the same port- the only one in the country. In October there was an attack on Pierto Corinto, Nicaragua’s largest port, with mortars, rockets and grenades, blowing up five large oil and gasoline storage tanks. More than a hundred people were wounded, and the fierce fire, which could not be brought under control for two days, forced the evacuation of 23,000 people.”

1263:"the United States was not backing one side in a civil war but rather a campaign of official terror. Of the more than 200,000 victims, the commission found that the army and other state agents killed 93 percent. With direct orders from the government's highest echelons and the military high command, soldiers carried out a scorched-earth policy burning Mayan villages and throwing the still-living victims into common burial pits. Declassified documents reveal that Washington knew of these acts of genocide yet our government continued its assistance to the Guatemalan military." 1071:

between Nicaragua and to the insurgents in El Salvador in 1979-81. However, there was not enough evidence to show that the Nicaraguan government was imputable for this or that the US response was proportional. The court also found established that certain transborder incursions into the territory of Guatemala and Costa Rica, in 1982, 1983 and 1984, were imputable to the Government of Nicaragua. However, neither Guatemala and Costa Rica made any request for intervention by the US and El Salvador only in 1984, well after the US intervention started.

527:) meeting that was held on the missile crisis, Attorney General Robert Kennedy “convened a meeting of the Operation Mongoose team” expressing disappointment in its results and pledging to take a closer personal attention on the matter. Kornbluh accused RFK of taking “the most irrational position during the most extraordinary crisis in the history of U. S. foreign policy”, remarking that “Not to belabor the obvious, but for chrissake, a nuclear crisis is happening and Bobby wants to start blowing things up.”. 1481:'s sole link to the SOA is that he had taken a course in Radio Operations long before El Salvador's civil war began. They also argue that no school should be held accountable for the actions of only some of its many graduates. Before coming to the current WHINSEC each student is now “vetted” by his/her nation and the U.S. embassy in that country. All students are now required to receive "human rights training in law, ethics, rule of law and practical applications in military and police operations." 2317:, and others (Petras and Abaya 2006). They were protesting Arroyo's repressive taxation, collusion with foreign capital tied to oil and mining companies that destroy people's livelihood and environment, fraudulent use of public funds, and other anti-people measures. Such groups and individuals have been tagged as "communist fronts" by Arroyo's National Security Advisers, the military, and police; the latter agencies have been implicated in perpetrating or tolerating those ruthless atrocities. 779:. The archive also alleges that while Posada stopped being a CIA agent in 1974, there remained "occasional contact" until June 1976, a few months before the bombing. The Cuban ambassador to the U.N. stated that Posada had been "doubly employed by the Government of the U.S." both before and after the bombing of the Cubana aircraft. After escaping from prison in Venezuela, Posada, who has boasted of plans to "hit" a Cuban airliner only days before the attack, went to work alongside CIA operative 210: 1175:...estimate that the Guatemalan conflict claimed the lives of some 200,000 people with the most savage bloodletting occurring in the 1980s. Based on a review of about 20% of the dead, the panel blamed the army for 93% of the killings and leftist guerrillas for three percent. Four percent were listed as unresolved....the army committed 626 massacres against Mayan villages... "eliminated entire Mayan villages... completely exterminat Mayan communities, destroy their livestock and crops." 457:

civilians, whether committed by state actors or their non-state enemies." Moreover, Falk argues that the repudiation of authentic non-state terrorism is insufficient as a strategy for mitigating it, writing that "we must also illuminate the character of terrorism, and its true scope... The propagandists of the modern state conceal its reliance on terrorism and associate it exclusively with Third World revolutionaries and their leftist sympathizers in the industrial countries."

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upgrade Philippine marine and counter-terrorism capabilities. Allegedly, development aid has been used "to intensify attack...against unarmed civilians including the leaders and members of legal people's organizations.""While development aid may be used for livelihood projects, infrastructure, or social services, we fear that the AFP will only use such projects to gather intelligence or launch special operations in communities that they believe are NPA bases."

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international fact-finding mission of Dutch and Belgian judges and lawyers, Task Force Usig 'has not proven to be an independent body…the PNP has a poor record as far as the effective investigation of the killings is concerned and is mistrusted by the Philippine people." Task Force Usig dismissed nearly half of the 114 cases of assassination as "cold" and, of the 58 cases where charges were brought, has secured only convictions only twice.

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human rights abusers in the hemisphere." He further argues that people protesting against the school are frequently beaten and arrested, "By the year 2002, 71 demonstrators had served a total of 40 years of jail time for protesting in front of the School of the Americas". This includes an 88 year old nun. Gareau alleges that by funding, training and supervising Guatemalan 'Death Squads' Washington was complicit in state terrorism.

952:...selective use of armed force for PSYOP psychological operations effect.... Carefully selected, planned targets — judges, police officials, tax collectors, etc. — may be removed for PSYOP effect in a UWOA unconventional warfare operations area, but extensive precautions must insure that the people “concur” in such an act by thorough explanatory canvassing among the affected populace before and after conduct of the mission. 1362:, Director of the Institute for Policy Research & Development states: "In particular, the U.S. client regimes in El Salvador and Guatemala regularly massacred their own populations, slaughtering over 100,000 civilians during the 1980s and into the beginning of 1990s. Yet the U.S. continued to sponsor such terrorism, propping up the dictatorships responsible for such violence while actively helping them carry it out..." 276: 2282:

of some victims told Human Rights Watch that when they reported relevant cases to the police, police often demanded that the families themselves produce evidence and witnesses. Even when police filed cases with a court, they often identified the perpetrators either as long-wanted members of the NPA or simply as “John Doe.” Some families told Human Rights Watch that police gave up investigating after only a few days.

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through mass slaughter and to confront its leaders with the prospect of national annihilation....the idea that massive death can be deliberately inflicted on a helpless civilian population as a tactic of war certainly qualifies as state terror of unprecedented magnitude, particularly as the United States stood on the edge of victory, which might well have been consummated by diplomacy.

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the preceding five years had been murdered by government forces who openly dumped mutilated corpses in an apparent effort to terrorize the population." In all, there were more than 70,000 deaths, some involving gross human rights violations, and more than a quarter of the population were turned into refugees or displaced persons before a UN-brokered peace deal was signed in 1992.

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terrorism against Cuba to the spring of 1959, with the CIA planning of Castro’s overthrow, and subsequent arming of counterrevolutionary guerrillas inside Cuba in May of that year. Chomsky further claims "during the winter of 1959-60, there was a significant increase in bombing and incendiary raids perpetrated by exiled Cubans based in the U.S. and supervised by the C.I.A."

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atomic attacks as "state terrorism" center around the alleged targeting of innocents to achieve a political goal. Some allege that the Target Committee, on May 10–11, 1945, rejected the use of the weapons against a strictly military objective, instead choosing a large civilian population to create a psychological effect that would be felt around the world.

1387:"US policy objectives in Guatemala since 1984 have included supporting the transition to and strengthening of civilian democratic government, encouraging respect for human rights and the rule of law, supporting economic growth, combating illegal narcotics trafficking, fighting the communist insurgency, and, in recent years, advancing the peace process." 2138:: "Several of the contributors consider the issue of state terrorism and there is a general agreement that states not only can sponsor terrorism by non state groups but that states can, and do, directly engage in terrorism. Coady instances the terror bombings of World War II, including Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as acts of terrorism." 1656:

called ‘the windy side of the law’. The president used his emergency powers, even when there was no emergency, to send $ 80 million in military aid to El Salvador without congressional review.” The Reagan administration carried out circumventions and arbitrary re-definitions of laws stipulating the quantity and role of advisers .

853:"fraud, deceit and trickery" during the interview with immigration authorities that was the basis of the charges against Posada. He has declared that he no longer believes that the Castro government has long-term viability and he stated "I sincerely believe that nothing would help to go back to the past with sabotage campaigns." 495:. Samuel Halpern, a CIA co-organizer, conveyed the breadth of involvement: “CIA and the U. S. Army and military forces and Department of Commerce, and Immigration, Treasury, God knows who else — everybody was in MONGOOSE. It was a government-wide operation run out of Bobby Kennedy's office with Ed Lansdale as the mastermind.” . 1584:. Human rights violations included decapitation, raping young girls before killing them, and massacring men, women, and children in separate groups with U.S.-supplied M-16 rifles. A report compiled by the villagers found that more half of the victims were under fourteen. It is reputed to be the worst such atrocity in modern 1355:“In light of its long record of apologies for the government of Guatemala, and its failure to repudiate publicly those apologies even at a moment of disenchantment, we believe that the Reagan Administration shares in the responsibility for the gross abuses of human rights practiced by the government of Guatemala." 4464:- "After studying medicine for two years and then chemistry, Mr. Posada went to work for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, first in Havana and then in Akron, Ohio, after the revolution. His entire family, including his parents, two brothers and a sister, remained behind, committed to Mr. Castro's revolution." 1171:") issued a report which, according to Robert Parry writing in Consortiumnews.com, among other things, stated that the "government of the United States, through various agencies including the CIA, provided direct and indirect support for some of these state operations." Parry also writes that the report 2544:

Group (ASG).'" Further, in 2003 the U.S. government — in anticipation that its military personnel would be charged with human rights abuses — offered the Philippines' government an extra US$ 30 million of military aid in exchange for "an agreement that would exempt U.S. soldiers operating

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By late 2006 Washington had given roughly US$ 300 million of aid to the AFP and delivered hundreds of American soldiers to organize and execute extended training exercises with the Filipino police and military apparatus. In May of 2006 the Philippines and the U.S. approved an agreement to establish a

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Right from the beginning, Arroyo's ascendancy was characterized by rampant human rights violations. Based on the reports of numerous fact-finding missions, Arroyo has presided over an unprecedented series of harassments, warrantless arrests, and assassinations of journalists, lawyers, church people,

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Human Rights Watch writes that the murders and kidnappings are rarely investigated by the police or other government agencies; they often go unreported because of fears of reprisal against the victims or their families. The Philippine National Police blame investigative failures on this reluctance,

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writes that estimates of killings vary on the precise number, with Task Force Usig estimating only 114. It has failed to gain any convictions, and as of February 2007 had only arrested 3 suspects in the over 100 cases of assassination. The online publication Bulatlat states that "ccording to a recent

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United States counter-insurgency doctrine encouraged the Guatemalan military to adopt both new organizational forms and new techniques in order to root out insurgency more effectively. New techniques would revolve around a central precept of the new counter-insurgency: that counter insurgent war must

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to defeat the guerrillas, borrowing “extensively from current counterinsurgency strategies and technology being employed in Vietnam.” Between the years of 1966-68 alone some 8,000 peasants were murdered by the U.S. trained forces of Colonel Arana Osorio. Sociologist Jeffrey M. Paige writes that Arana

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The United States of America, by producing in 1983 a manual entitled 'Operaciones sicológicas en guerra de guerrillas' ("Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare"), and disseminating it to Contra forces, has encouraged the commission by them of acts contrary to general principles of humanitarian

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The U.S. argued that it was acting for the benefit of El Salvador in order to help it to respond to an alleged armed attack by Nicaragua. El Salvador stated that it had asked the United States to exercise for its benefit the right of collective self-defense. The court found evidence for an arms flow

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with safehaven; training; command-and-control headquarters and advice; and weapons, ammunition, and other vital supplies. As evidence was cited captured documents, testimonials of former rebels and Sandinistas, aerial photographs, tracing captured weapons back to Nicaragua, and captured vehicles from

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Mr. Posada was arrested in Miami in May 2005 and held for entering the U.S. illegally. On September 28, 2005 a U.S. immigration judge ruled that Posada cannot be deported because he faced the threat of torture in Venezuela. On May 8, 2007 U.S. district judge Kathleen Cardone dismissed seven counts of

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Following the release of newly declassified materials in 2000, Harvard Professor Jorge I. Dominguez writes that when Castro came to power the Kennedy administration was "obsessed with Cuba and the hoped-for overthrow of the Castro government". The administration implemented "Operation MONGOOSE”, the

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Venezuela have accused the US of hypocrisy on terrorism since the US "virtually" collaborated with convicted terrorist Luis Posada by failing to contest statements that Posada would be tortured if he were extradited to Venezuela. Some U.S. officials, who declined to speak on the record, also deplored

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attacks were to be a show, a display, a demonstration. The question is: What kind of mood does a fundamentally decent people have to be in, what kind of moral arrangements must it make, before it is willing to annihilate as many as a quarter of a million human beings for the sake of making a point?"

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signed a letter calling for the lifting of this designation. The PMOI have also tried to have the designation removed through several court cases in the U.S. The PMOI has now lost three appeals (1999, 2001 and 2003) to the US government to be removed from the list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations,

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had been secretly encouraging and advising the Jundullah in its attacks against Iranian targets. This support is said to have started in 2005 and arranged so that the United States provided no direct funding to the group, which would require congressional oversight and attract media attention. The

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The extensive role of military advisers in El Salvador has also been raised as suggestive of wider systemic abuses of ethical and legal norms. According to William Leogrande’s analysis “a great deal of the Reagan administration’s policy toward Salvador was considered on what former Senator Sam Irvin

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Allegations also point to the role that U.S. administrators played in both protecting the responsible military leaders from legal accountability, and the Salvadoran regime from criticism, while simultaneously maintaining the flow of over one billion dollars of military aid. According to the UN Truth

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El Salvador became the fourth largest recipient of U.S. aid, behind Israel, Egypt, and Turkey. In a joint 1982 report on human rights in El Salvador, The Americas Watch Committee and the ACLU place emphasis on U.S. military aid and training because it was "being provided to the same units alleged to

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The rebels also committed human rights violations. It was considered legitimate to physically eliminate people who were labelled military targets, traitors or "orejas" (informers), and even political opponents. The murders of mayors, right-wing intellectuals, public officials and judges are examples

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In retrospective assessments, human rights organizations and truth commissions have echoed the claim that the majority of the violence was attributable to government forces.A report of an Amnesty International investigative mission made public in 1984 stated that "many of the 40,000 people killed in

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According to the Center for International Policy, "The CIA established a liaison relationship with Guatemalan security services widely known to have reprehensible human rights records, and it continued covert aid after the cutoff of overt military aid in 1990. This liaison relationship and continued

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McClintock writes that this idea was also articulated by Colonel John Webber, the chief of the U.S. Military Mission in Guatemala, who instigated the technique of “counter-terror.” Colonel Webber defended his policy by saying, “That’s the way this country is. The Communists are using everything they

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which toppled the democratically elected government of Guatemala in 1954. Analysts Kate Doyle and Peter Kornbluh argue that "After a small insurgency developed in the wake of the coup, Guatemala's military leaders developed and refined, with U.S. assistance, a massive counterinsurgency campaign that

1185:

The report went on to term the Guatemalan military's campaign in the northern highlands a "genocide," and that besides "carrying out murder and "disappearances," the army routinely engaged in torture and rape. "The rape of women, during torture or before being murdered, was a common practice" by the

1093:

By laying mines in the internal or territorial waters of the Republic of Nicaragua...the United States of America has acted...in breach of its obligations under customary international law not to use force against another State, not to intervene in its affairs, not to violate its sovereignty and not

642:

court that the bomb attacks were "part of a campaign of terror designed to scare civilians and foreign tourists, harming Cuba's single largest industry."Testifying before the United States Senate in 1978, Richard Helms, former CIA Director, stated; "We had task forces that that were striking at Cuba

2364:

alleges that the Arroyo government initially made no response to the dramatic increase in violence and killings. He writes, "Arroyo has been tellingly silent over the killing and abduction of countless members of opposition parties and popular organizations." An independent commission was assembled

2281:

itnesses are indeed reluctant to cooperate with police investigations, because of fear that they would be targeted by doing so. An extremely weak witness protection program exacerbates this problem....olice are often unwilling to vigorously investigate cases implicating members of the AFP. Families

1937:

included both government and civilian targets. According to this former CIA official, the civilian targets included a movie theater and a bombing of a school bus where children were killed. No public records of the secret bombing campaign are known to exist, and the former U.S. officials said their

1332:

During his tenure as Guatemalan minister of defense from 1987 to 1990, Gramajo oversaw a military accused of butchering dozens of university students, provoking Anne Manuel of Americas Watch to find "a sort of tragic irony" in Harvard's ardor for educating him. Gramajo is believed to have chosen to

1323:

argued that "North American C.l. A. operatives work inside a Guatemalan Army unit that maintain a network of torture centers and ha killed thousands of Guatemalan civilians." Nairn stated that Gramajos was a CIA asset and receiving pay from them, and he linked Gramajos to the early 1980s highland

969:

Colombian writer and former diplomat Clara Nieto, in her book "Masters of War", describes the Reagan administration as "the paradigm of a terrorist state" remarking that this was "ironically, the very thing Reagan claimed to be fighting." Nieto describes direct CIA involvement, noting that "the CIA

571:

and blame Cuba," and, "The U.S. could follow up with an air/sea rescue operation covered by U.S. fighters 'evacuate' remaining members of the non-existent crew. Casualty lists in U.S. newspapers would cause a helpful wave of national indignation." The plan was rejected by the Kennedy administration

498:

Dominguez writes that "sabotage actions were approved against a railway bridge, some petroleum storage facilities and a molasses storage vessel. Actions were subsequently carried out against a petroleum refinery, a power plant, a sawmill, and a floating crane in a Cuban harbour.” He further remarks

456:

institutions, have obfuscated the true character and scope of terrorism, promulgating a one-sided view from the standpoint of first-world privilege. He has said that "if 'terrorism' as a term of moral and legal opprobrium is to be used at all, then it should apply to violence deliberately targeting

2515:

In March 2007, the Permanent People’s Tribunal at The Hague, Belgium, rendered a judgment of guilty for “crimes against humanity” against the Philippine government and its chief backer, the Bush administration. The Dutch ambassador to the Philippines Monday said the Permanent People’s Tribuna that

2197:

Burleigh Taylor Wilkins states in Terrorism and Collective Responsibility that "any definition which allowed the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to count as instances of terrorism would be too broad." He goes on to explain "The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, while obviously intended by the

2176:

Undoubtedly the most extreme and permanently traumatizing instance of state terrorism, perhaps in the history of warfare, involved the use of atomic bombs against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in military settings in which the explicit function of the attacks was to terrorize the population

2089:

and the United States' justification for them has been the subject of scholarly and popular debate for decades. J. Samuel Walker writes in an April 2005 overview of recent historiography on the issue, "the controversy over the use of the bomb seems certain to continue." Most interpretations of the

1751:

Brian Ross, the correspondent who worked most closely with Mr. Debat, said the Jundullah story had many sources. “We’re only worried about the things Debat supplied, not about the substance of that story,” he said in regard to the Jundullah report.So far, ABC has found nothing that would undermine

1643:

argued that because of the extensive provision of “funding, military equipment, training and military guidance” to the Salvadoran armed forces, as well as the fact that the U.S. “identified itself unreservedly” with the causes and conduct of the Salvador military, the U.S. “bears a heavy burden of

1473:

Professor Gareau argues that the School of the Americas (reorganized in 2001 as Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation), a U.S. training institution mainly for Latin America, is a terrorist training ground. He cites a UN report which states the school has "graduated 500 of the worst

1327:

Gramajos allegedly said that "We aren't renouncing the use of force. If we have to use it, we have to use it, but in a more sophisticated manner. You needn't kill everyone to complete the job. more sophisticated means; we aren't going to return to the large-scale massacres. We have created a more

973:

Historian Greg Grandin describes a disjuncture between official U.S. ideals and support for terrorism. “Nicaragua, where the United States backed not a counterinsurgent state but anti-communist mercenaries, likewise represented a disjuncture between the idealism used to justify U.S. policy and its

861:

The US accuses Cuba of supporting international terrorism and terrorist groups. Cuba have a history of supporting revolutionary movements in Latin America and Africa. "Havana openly advocates armed revolution as the only means for leftist forces to gain power in Latin America, and the Cubans have

1565:

As is usually the case with truth commissions, the one for El Salvador did not focus on Washington's support for the government. .. That terror was committed in El Salvador is not disputed. Those who doubt this should reread the above and realize that an estimated 75,000 were killed in this small

1528:

worked in conjunction with Salvadoran Security services to eliminate opponents, leftist rebels, and their supporters. The squads were a means by which members of the armed forces were able to avoid accountability. Typically dressing in plainclothes and using vehicles with smoke-tinted windows and

1055:

to hear the case. The court stated that the United States had been involved in the "unlawful use of force"—specifically that it was "in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to use force against another state". The ICJ ordered the U.S. to pay reparations, which this court

933:

professor, Frederick H. Gareau, has written that the Contras "attacked bridges, electric generators, but also state-owned agricultural cooperatives, rural health clinics, villages and non-combatants." U.S. agents were directly involved in the fighting. "CIA commandos launched a series of sabotage

732:

in 1976 which killed all 73 people aboard and a series of attacks on tourist sites in the 1990s. Some allege some form of US involvement in these acts. For example, the FBI had multiple contacts with one of the bombers but provided him with a visa to the U.S. five days before the bombing, despite

518:

Dominguez writes that Kennedy put a hold on MONGOOSE actions as the Cuban Missile Crisis escalated, and the "Kennedy administration returned to its policy of sponsoring terrorism against Cuba as the confrontation with the Soviet Union lessened." However, Chomsky argued that “terrorist operations

2241:

Amnesty International states that the more than 860 confirmed murders are clearly political in nature because of "the methodology of the attacks, including prior death threats and patterns of surveillance by persons reportedly linked to the security forces, the leftist profile of the victims and

2226:

According to Cher S Jimenez writing in Asia Times Online, as of 2007, there is an increasing international awareness of the extra-judicial harassment, torture, disappearances and murder of Philippino civilian non-combatants by the Philippine's military and police. Since the advent of the "War on

2093:

The sociologist Kai Erikson has alleged that the attacks "...were not 'combat' in any of the ways that word is normally used. Nor were they primarily attempts to destroy military targets, for the two cities had been chosen not despite but because they had a high density of civilian housing...the

1984:

admitted that those responsible for the bomb may have had American training, but that they were "rogue operative(s)" and the CIA in no way sanctioned or supported the attack. Roger Morris writes in the Asia Times that the next day, a notice hung over the devastated area where families were still

1123:

The World Court considered their case, accepted it, and presented a long judgment, several hundred pages of careful legal and factual analysis that condemned the United States for what it called "unlawful use of force" — which is the judicial way of saying "international terrorism" —

2222:

A spate of extrajudicial killings, estimated by human rights groups at over 800 in the past five years, has put the Philippines on the human rights watch list of the United Nations and the US Congress. A UN special rapporteur criticized the Arroyo administration for not doing enough to stop the

1662:

There was substantial developmental aid during the Carter administration but very little military. The Reagan administration pressed for free elections. The Salvadoran right reluctantly joined this process after it became clear that the administration did not favor a conservative military coup.

1607:

was ORDEN, a paramilitary spy network that allegedly terrorized rural regions and which was founded by Col. Jose Alberto Medrano, a former agent on the CIA payroll. Medrano was awarded a silver medal in 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson, "in recognition of exceptionally meritorious service."

667:

community in the U.S., some of whom have conducted sustained long-term insurgency campaigns against Cuba. and conducted training sessions at a secluded camp near the Florida Everglades. Initially these efforts are known to have been directly supported by the United States government. The failed

2434:

the Philippines were the largest recipient of U.S. military aid in Asia and fourth worldwide; aid since then has continued to increase. U.S. Foreign Military Financing (FMF) to the Philippines almost trebled from $ 30 million in 2004 to $ 80 million in 2005, with the bulk of that money used to

1666:

Defenders also justify military aid by claiming it was necessary for defending U.S. National Security Interests. The FMLN guerrillas military efforts, including terrorist acts committed by them, seriously threatened the Salvadoran government. This was deemed a threat to "national security." As

1455:

In its ruling, the judiciary stated that "...was aware of and supported widespread acts of brutality committed under his command resulting in thousands of civilian deaths...." and further stated that Gramajo-Morales “devised... directed... indiscriminate campaign of terror against civilians.”

810:

and he was allowed permanent residency. In an interview in 2001, Cuban Vice President Ricardo Alarcón stated: "The most quoted phrase by President Bush or ever repeated by him refers to the same idea every time he speaks. "'Those who harbor a terrorist are as guilty as the terrorist himself'".

654:

that 3,478 Cubans have died as a result of aggressions and terrorist acts. He also alleged that the United States had provided safe shelter to "those who funded, planned and carried out terrorist acts with absolute impunity, tolerated by the United States Government." The Cuban government also

433:

bombing alleged that a Human Rights Watch report had stated that the US 1998 Sudan bombing probably led to tens of thousands of deaths. Human Rights Watch issued a statement denying it had produced any such figure. Windschuttle criticizes Chomsky for defending terror by groups he has favored .

2265:

2006 saw a sharp increase in the number of extrajudicial killings, which coincided with President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s June 2006 declaration of an “all-out war” against communist insurgents called the National People’s Army (NPA)...the Philippine government is consistently failing in its

1521:

While peasants were primarily victimized, the killing of civilians extended to clergy, church workers, political activists, journalists, union members, health workers, students, teachers, and human rights monitors.The state terror took several forms. Salvadoran security forces, including army

470:

After revolutionary forces vanquished Fulgencio Batista’s forces, a new government was formed in Cuba on January 2, 1959. Historian Jane Franklin writes that the C.I.A. initiated a campaign of regime change in early parts of 1959. Noam Chomsky traces of the origins of what he considers U.S.

2462:

in implementing the Visiting Forces Agreement, together with other onerous treaties, thus maintaining U.S. control of the Philippine military via training of officers, logistics, and dictation of punitive measures against the Moro insurgents as well as the New People's Army guerrillas. The

1218:

Human rights expert Michael McClintock has argued that the national security apparatus Armas presided over was “almost entirely oriented toward countering subversion,” and that the key component of that apparatus was “an intelligence system set up by the United States.” At the core of this

1308:

Recent disclosures have revealed the extent of U.S. support for the Guatemalan army despite its reputation as the most repressive military in Latin America. For years Guatemala's elite military officers have been trained in the United States, and at any given time dozens are on the CIA

1695:, a think tank with ties to the American military and intelligence establishments, reported that militant anti-government groups are receiving aid from foreign intelligence agencies. In addition Stratfor stated, "The US-Iranian standoff has reached a high level of intensity ... a 2101:

writes: "if 'terrorism' has a useful meaning (and I believe it does, because it marks off an act as intolerable, since it involves the indiscriminate use of violence against human beings for some political purpose), then it applies exactly to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki."

724:

has been accused by Cuba of terrorism. He resides within the U.S., and his deportation action was denied by a federal court that cited torture and other concerns. His case is important because he symbolizes what Cuba view as the harboring of suspected terrorists by the United States.

1006:

writes that after the Sandinistas lost power in 1990 many mass graves were found. "While most of the graves seem to be the result of summary executions by members of the Sandinista People's Army or the State Security, some contain the bodies of individuals executed by the Nicaraguan

2149:, writes, "This deployment of air power against civilians would become the centerpiece of all subsequent U.S. wars, a practice in direct contravention of the Geneva principles, and cumulatively the single most important example of the use of terror in twentieth century warfare." 567:. This plan included acts of violence on U.S. soil or against U.S. interests, such as plans to kill innocent people and commit acts of terrorism in U.S. cities; blowing up a U.S. ship, and contemplated causing U.S. military casualties, writing: "We could blow up a U.S. ship in 1255:

covert aid occurred with the knowledge of the National Security Council, the State Department, and the Congressional oversight committees. Contrary to public allegations, CIA did not increase covert funding for Guatemala to compensate for the cut-off of military aid in 1990."

698:

The U.S. has also been criticized for failing to condemn Panama's pardoning of the alleged terrorists Guillermo and Ignacio Novo Sampoll, Pedro Remon, and Gaspar Jimenez, instead allowing them to walk free on U.S. streets. Claudia Furiati has suggested Sampol was linked to

2230:

The human rights watchdog KARAPATAN has documented human rights violations against 169,530 individuals, 18,515 families, 71 communities, and 196 households. One person, it says, is killed every three days under the Macapagal-Arroyo government or a total of 271 persons.

1373:"The CIA's successes in Guatemala in conjunction with other U.S. agencies, particularly in uncovering and working to counter coups and in reducing the narcotics flow, were at times dramatic and very much in the national interests of both the United States and Guatemala." 1669:"San Salvador is closer to Houston, Texas than Houston is to Washington, D.C. Central America is America; it's at our doorstep. And it has become a stage for a bold attempt by the Soviet Union, Cuba and Nicaragua to install communism by force throughout the hemisphere," 826:. Posada stated "The FBI and the CIA do not bother me, and I am neutral with them," he said. "Whenever I can help them, I do." He later denied that he was involved, stating that he had only wanted to create publicity for the bombing campaign in order to scare tourists. 438:

the decision by immigration judge William Abbott not to extradite Posada. The administration stressed that Posada may still be subject to deportation to another country, although their efforts thus far to persuade several Latin American countries have proved fruitless.

1938:

recollections were in many cases sketchy, and in some cases contradictory. "But whether the bombings actually killed any civilians could not be confirmed because," as a former CIA official said, "the United States had no significant intelligence sources in Iraq then."

7625:

Falk, Richard. "State Terror versus Humanitarian Law",in Selden,, Mark, editor (November 28, 2003). War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.. ISBN 978-0742523913.

768:, he "is a terrorist, but he’s our terrorist," referring to Posada's relationship with the U.S. government. In 2006, the U.S. Justice Department described Posada as “an unrepentant criminal and admitted mastermind of terrorist plots and attacks on tourist sites.” 8577: 2251:. . . the parallel public labeling by officials of a broad range of legal leftist groups as communist 'front organizations'...has created an environment in which there is heightened concern that further political killings of civilians are likely to take place. 934:

raids on Nicaraguan port facilities. They mined the country's major ports and set fire to its largest oil storage facilities." In 1984 the U.S. Congress ordered this intervention to be stopped, however it was later shown that the CIA illegally continued (See

1097:

The United States of America, by the attacks...and by declaring a general embargo on trade with Nicaragua...has acted in breach of its obligations under Article XIX of the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation...signed at Managua on January 21,

1086:

The United States of America, by certain attacks on Nicaraguan territory...which involve the use of force, has acted, against the Republic of Nicaragua, in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to use force against another

683:, whose former secretary general Andrés Nazario Sargén acknowledged terrorist attacks on Cuban tourist spots in the 1990s and conducted training sessions at a secluded camp near the Florida Everglades, has, according to Cuba's official newspaper 774:

On May 18, 2005, the National Security Archive posted additional documents that purportedly show the CIA had concrete advance intelligence, as early as June 1976, on plans by Cuban exile terrorist groups to bomb an airliner of the Cuban airline

3753:

Domínguez, Jorge I. "The @#$ %& Missile Crisis (Or, What was 'Cuban' about U.S. Decisions during the Cuban Missile Crisis)." Diplomatic History: The Journal of the Society for Historians of Foreign Relations, Vol. 24, No. 2, (Spring 2000):

3707:

2001:

that had resulted in hundreds of Lebanese and Palestinian lives. After CIA operatives had repeatedly failed to arrange Casey's car-bombing, the CIA allegedly "farmed out" the operation to agents of its longtime Lebanese client, the Phalange, a

1234:

McClintock argues that “counter-insurgency doctrine, as imparted by the United States civil and military assistance agencies, had a tremendous influence on Guatemala’s security system and a devastating impact on Guatemala’s people.” He writes:

841:"For almost 40 years, we have isolated Cuba on the assumption that the tiny island is a center of terrorism in the hemisphere, and year after year we gain new evidence that it is the U.S. that has terrorized Cuba and not the other way around." 3688:

Domínguez, Jorge I. "The @#$ %& Missile Crisis (Or, What was 'Cuban' about U.S. Decisions during the Cuban Missile Crisis.Diplomatic History: The Journal of the Society for Historians of Foreign Relations, Vol. 24, No. 2, (Spring 2000):

1214:

assumed power. Author and university professor, Patrice McSherry argues that with Armas at the head of government, "the United States began to militarize Guatemala almost immediately, financing and reorganizing the police and military."

2457:

President Arroyo invited thousands of U.S. Special Forces to engage in police actions together with the AFP, thus violating an explicit Constitutional provision against the intervention of foreign troops in local affairs. She followed

2246:

the arrest and threatened arrest of leftist Congress Representatives and others on charges of rebellion, and intensifying counter-insurgency operations in the context of a declaration by officials in June of 'all-out-war' against the

1748:, one of the sources quoted by Ross and Isham in in their report alleging US support for the Jundullah, resigned from ABC News in June 2007, after ABC officials discovered he faked several interviews while working for the company. . 444:, Emeritus Professor of History at Princeton University, has stated that "since 1947 America has been the chief and pioneering perpetrator of 'preemptive' state terror, exclusively in the Third World and therefore widely dissembled." 2619:

coverage of worldwide human rights violations predominantly focuses on the human rights violations in nations where there is clear U.S. involvement, while having relatively little coverage of the human rights violations in other

1752:

the stories Mr. Debat worked on, Mr. Ross said last night. But he acknowledged that as the stories of fabrications continue to roll in, the network “at some point has to question whether anything he said can be believed.”

1522:

battalions, members of the National Guard, and the Treasury Police, performed numerous clearance operations, killing indiscriminately, and perpetrating many massacres and massive human rights violations in the process.

1704:

reported that this is an attempt to stir up sectarian violence inside Iran. An Asian Times article refers to this as part of a U.S. policy of continuous fomenting of ethnic strife and sponsorship of terrorism in Iran.

530:

Professor of History Stephen Rabe writes that “scholars have understandably focused on…the Bay of Pigs invasion, the U.S. campaign of terrorism and sabotage known as Operation Mongoose, the assassination plots against

6083:

Menjivar and Rodriquez, State Terror in the U.S.-Latin American Interstate Regime in “When States Kill: Latin America, the U.S., and Technologies of Terror”, Menjivar and Rodriguez, eds. University of Texas Press,

1985:

digging the bodies of relatives out of the rubble. It read: "Made in the USA". The terrorist strike on Bir el-Abed is seen as a product of U.S. covert policy in Lebanon. Agreeing with the proposals of CIA director

1623:(ARENA) whose public face was that of a rightist political party, but which allegedly also ran death squads secretly. In the spring of 1980, when D'Aubuisson was arrested for plotting against the administration of 794:

After serving 10 years for his role in the Cubana bombing and other terrorist attacks, Orlando Bosch was released from jail in Venezuela and given permission to reside in the United States with the assistance of

499:

that "only once in these nearly thousand pages of documentation did a U.S. official raise something that resembled a faint moral objection to U.S. government sponsored terrorism." The CIA operation was based in

6349:

The U.S. State Department, White Paper: Communist Interference in El Salvador from El Salvador: Central America in the New Cold War, Gettleman, Lacefield, Menashe, Mermelstein, eds, Grove Press New York, p.323

1962:

neighborhood in which it had occurred, was reported by the New York Times to have caused a "massive" explosion "even by local standards," killing 81 people, and wounding more than 200. Investigative journalist

1699:

being played out ... the United States has likely ramped up support for Iran's oppressed minorities in an attempt to push the Iranian regime toward a negotiated settlement over Iraq." The state controlled

2227:

Terrorism" in 2001, the people of the Philippines have witnessed the assassinations of more than 850 mainstream journalists and other public figures and the harassment, detention, or torture of untold more.

643:

constantly. We were attempting to blow up power plants. We were attempting to ruin sugar mills. We were attempting to do all kinds of things in this period. This was a matter of American government policy."

8099:

Schmeidel, John. "My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security." Intelligence and National Security 8, no. 4 (Oct. 1993):

1082:

The United States of America, by training, arming, equipping, financing and supplying the Contra forces...acted against the Republic of Nicaragua in breach of its obligation under customary international

2171:

as barbaric while preparing to inflict terrorism on a far grander scale... Any counter terrorism policy worth the name must include a convincing indictment of the First World variety.". He also writes:

1880:

According to a 2003 article by the New York Times, the US 1997 proscription of the group on the terrorist blacklist was done as "a goodwill gesture toward Iran's newly elected reform-minded president,

1148:

states were outside its jurisdiction but they still sent judges to the court. The U.S. did accept the ICJ's compulsory jurisdiction in 1946, but withdrew its acceptance following the Nicaragua case.

2521:

Frida Berrigan at Foreign Policy in Focus argues that from the beginning — as early as 2001 — the U.S. State Department knew that "Members of the security services were responsible for

2351:

and Robin Eastman-Abaya, "Human rights groups provide evidence that death squads operate under the protective umbrella of regional military commands, especially the U.S.-trained Special Forces.

1240:

be waged free of restriction by laws, by the rules of war, or moral considerations: guerrilla “terror” could be defeated only by the untrammeled use of “counter-terror”, the terrorism of the state.

1774:, the official broadcasting service of the United States government, which identified Rigi as "the leader of popular Iranian resistance movement". This incident resulted in public condemnation by 2412: 6581: 2078:

remain the only time a state has used nuclear weapons against concentrated civilian populated areas. Some commentators hold that it represents the single greatest act of state terrorism in the

1929:

reported that, according to former U.S. intelligence officials, the CIA once orchestrated a bombing and sabotage campaign between 1992 and 1995 in Iraq via one of the resistance organizations,

1259:, a former ambassador to El Salvador and Paraguay, and president of the Center for International Policy in Washington, D.C. writes, that the human rights report makes "grim reading", and that: 184: 110: 1553:

The United States has been accused by scholars and human rights organizations of complicity in support of State Terrorism in the country of El Salvador, in a conflict characterized by rampant

15: 3486:, also see George, Alexander, ed. "Western State Terrorism",1 and Selden, Mark, ed. "War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century, 13. 6266:

Arnson, Cynthia J. Window on the Past: A Declassified History of Death Squads in El Salvador in “Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability”, Campbell and Brenner, eds, 88

6065:

Arnson, Cynthia J. Window on the Past: A Declassified History of Death Squads in El Salvador in “Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability”, Campbell and Brenner, eds, 85

6047:

Arnson, Cynthia J. Window on the Past: A Declassified History of Death Squads in El Salvador in “Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability”, Campbell and Brenner, eds,86

1090:

The United States of America...has acted, against the Republic of Nicaragua, in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to violate the sovereignty of another State.

6340:

Regan Ronald, televised address to the nation, May 9, 1984 from El Salvador:Central America in the New Cold War, Gettleman, Lacefield, Menashe and Mermelstein, eds, Grove Press, New York

2453:— has broadly "congratulated the government of the Philippines...for achievements while at the same time acknowledging the valuable role of partnership with the United States". 2108:

wrote of it as an example of "...war terrorism: the effort to kill civilians in such large numbers that their government is forced to surrender. Hiroshima seems to me the classic case."

2463:

Philippines became the "second front in the war on terror," with Bush visiting the Philippines in October 2004 and citing the neocolony as a model for the rebuilding of devastated Iraq.

3290:

Defining international terrorism: A pragmatic approach. Thomas J. Badey DOI:10.1080/09546559808427445. Terrorism and Political Violence, Volume 10, Issue 1 Spring 1998 , pages 90 - 107

597: 6248:

The Reagan Administration's Record on Human Rights in 1985, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, The Watch Committees (Americas Watch, Asia Watch, Helsinki Watch), January 1986, p. 53)

539:

and the Second Front of Escambray, staged hit-and-run raids on the island...on ships transporting goods…purchased arms in the United States and launched...attacks from the Bahamas.”

1102:

law; but did not find a basis for concluding that any such acts that may have been committed were imputable to the United States of America as acts of the United States of America.

6526: 6302:

Americas Watch, Helsinki Watch, Lawyers Committee for International Human Rights, Review of the Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1983, March 1984

771:

The Cubans also cite the involvement of FBI attaché Joseph Leo, who admitted multiple contacts with one of the convicted bombers of Cubana 455, Hernan Ricardo, before the attack.

7162: 802:

On his arrival in Miami in 1988, Bosch was honored with an "Orlando Bosch Day" celebration by the city politicians in Miami. Despite decisions made by the justice department and

252: 2501:

with license to kill revolutionary militants, immune from prosecution. U.S. military force midwived the restoration of U.S.-backed oligarchic oppression of the Filipino masses.

7781:

E. San Juan, Jr., "Class Struggle and Socialist Revolution in the Philippines: Understanding the Crisis of U.S. Hegemony, Arroyo State Terrorism, and Neoliberal Globalization"

3838: 911:, Director of Central Intelligence, 28 January 1981 - 29 January 1987, to recruit and support the guerrillas. Casey was to have testified before Congress about the disastrous 2537:

abuses increased", commenting that 'there were allegations by human rights groups that these problems worsened as the Government sought to intensify its campaign against the

1561:. In his analysis of the U.N. Truth Commission's Report on El Salvador, Prof. Frederick Garneau argued for significant culpability on the part of United States governments. 2494:, etc. Tried in Indochina, Korea, Central America, it continues to be implemented in Colombia, Iraq, and the Philippines....With U.S. help, the AFP mobilized vigilante and 1831: 1301:

In their 1998 "Report On Guatemala" Rolando Alecio and Ruth Taylor condemn the "legacy of state terror" the nation has inherited from the U.S.-backed and -trained military.

1002:

and in the case of Honduras and Costa Rica outright military operations by Nicaraguan troops. The Sandinistas has been accused of large scale human rights violations. The

1893:

and its terrorist status was reaffirmed each time. The PMOI has continued to protest worldwide against its listing, with the overt support of some US political figures.

122: 44: 31: 28: 1915:, "who became involved with the while a Republican senator from Missouri." In 2000, 200 U.S. Congress members signed a statement endorsing the organization's cause. 2054: 1285:. He later served in several elite counterinsurgency units trained and equipped by the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). He would eventually rise to command 7833:

A Human Rights Watch Submission to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights regarding the Universal Periodic Review of the Republic of the Philippines

2119: 4859:

Nieto, Clara. Masters of War: Latin America and United States Aggression from the Cuban Revolution Through the Clinton Years, Seven Stories Press, 2003, 343-345

1644:

responsibility”, and moreover argued that “there may be no place else where the United States is so directly responsible for the acts of a foreign government.”

1542:, one guerrilla groups, was also accused of human rights violations, using terrorist tactics such as kidnappings, arson, and bombings to destabilize the regime. 948:

The manual recommended “selective use of violence for propagandistic effects” and to “neutralize” government officials. Nicaraguan Contras were taught to lead:

2815:"TERRORISM, HUMAN RIGHTS, SOCIAL JUSTICE, FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY: SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE LEGAL AND JUSTICE PROFESSIONALS OF THE 'COALITION OF THE WILLING'" 452:

Richard Falk, Professor Emeritus of International Law and Practice at Princeton, has argued that the U.S. and other first-world states, as well as mainstream

3049:"Class Struggle and Socialist Revolution in the Philippines: Understanding the Crisis of U.S. Hegemony, Arroyo State Terrorism, and Neoliberal Globalization" 1997:

at Beirut airport in October 1983, which, Roger Morris alleges, in turn had been a reprisal for earlier U.S. acts of intervention and diplomatic dealings in

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The Court ruled in Nicaragua's favor, but the United States was not bound by the Court's decision, on the basis that the court erred in finding that it had

7841: 1933:'s group in an attempt to destabilize the country. According to the Iraqi government at the time, and one former CIA officer, the bombing campaign against 5640:

Jennifer Schirmer, "The Guatemalan military project: an interview with Gen. Hector Gramajo," Harvard International Review, Vol. 13, Issue 3 (Spring 1991).

2486:, forced mass evacuations or "hamletting," imprisonment of whole communities in military garrisons, militarization of villages, selective assassinations, 1199:

left tens of thousands massacred, maimed or missing." Professor of History, Stephen G. Rabe, writes in "In destroying the popularly elected government of

429:

has in turn accused Chomsky of hypocrisy and misrepresentation when criticizing the US and the War of Terror. He writes that Chomsky in a response to the

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The U.S. influence upon the Philippine military has been condemned as sponsorship or support of state terrorism through the policies implemented by the

6859: 6758: 6707: 6515: 4938: 1627:, a mass of documents was found implicating him in numerous death squad activities, including detailed plans linked to the assassination of Archbishop 692: 631: 289: 7723: 650:

to address all forms and manifestations of terrorism in every corner of the world, including - without exception - State terrorism. He alleged to the

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of organizing the terrorist bombing of the aircraft Cubana 455. As described by researcher Peter Kornbluh at the non-governmental research institute

6074:

Frederick H. Gareau, State Terrorism and the United States : From Counterinsurgency to the War on Terrorism / (Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2004) 41

2198:

American government to alter the policies of the Japanese government, seem for all the terror they involved, more an act of war than of terrorism."

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CIA manual as evidence in the case. The CIA claimed that the purpose of the manual was to "moderate" activities already being done by the Contras.

394:

The U.S. is officially committed to what is called "low-intensity warfare"... If you read the definition of low-intensity conflict in army manuals

1203:(1950-1954), the United States initiated a nearly four-decade-long cycle of terror and repression that led to the death of 200,000 Guatemalans." 8582: 7806: 2621: 1974:

to arrange the bombing. Fadlallah himself also claims to have evidence that the CIA was behind the attack and that the Saudis paid $ 3 million.

744:, and former chemist, that he was recruited by the CIA into becoming a trainer of other paramilitary forces in the mid 1960s. Posada, alongside 5090: 5430:

Jeffery M. Paige, Social Theory and Peasant Revolution in Vietnam and Guatemala, Theory and Society, Vol. 12, No. 6 (Nov., 1983), pp. 699-737

2430:, in the period from 2000 to 2003, military loans and grants to the Philippines from the U.S. grew by 1,776 percent. As of 2005, according to 3698:

James G. Blight, and Peter Kornbluh, eds., Politics of Illusion: The Bay of Pigs Invasion Reexamined. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999, 125)

1064: 3772:

James G. Blight, and Peter Kornbluh, eds., Politics of Illusion: The Bay of Pigs Invasion Reexamined. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999, 125

7637: 7565: 7268: 3892: 3842: 3719: 3444: 4877:

Grandin, Greg. Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, The United States and the Rise of the New Imperialism, Henry Holt & Company 2007, 90

4868:

Grandin, Greg. Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, The United States and ther Rise of the New Imperialism, Henry Holt & Company 2007, 89

1597: 523:

at George Washington University, raised the point that according to the documentary record, directly after the first executive committee (

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The episode of the war responsible for the single largest civilian death toll occurred on December 11, 1981, when the U.S.-trained elite

2602: 1826:

administration say the PMOI figured prominently as a bargaining chip in a bridge-building effort with Tehran." The PMOI is also on the

140: 62: 1854:

has overturned this in December 2006 and has criticized the lack of "transparency" with which the blacklist is composed. However, the

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US officials say that President Bush senior's policies set the stage for peace, turning El Salvador into a democratic success story.

2745: 1791: 248: 238: 1289:, the Guatemalan Military Intelligence services who were responsible for many of the terror tactics wielded throughout the 1980s. 822:

tourist died and scores more were injured. Posada said his activities were directly supported by Jorge Mas Canosa, founder of the

4985:

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. U.S.), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 1984 ICJ REP. 392

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government and by mining Nicaragua's harbors. The US was not imputable for possible human rights violations done by the Contras.

850: 6718: 6626: 6180: 5780: 6773: 6320:

Leogrande, William M. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992, University of North Carolina Press,281

6093:

Leogrande, William M. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992, University of North Carolina Press,155

2740: 2588: 2042: 2006:, anti-Islamic militia. Others allege the 1984 Bombing of the U.S. Embassy annex northeast of Beirut as the motivating factor. 1444:

In early 1995 Sister Ortiz won a U.S. civil court case against the former Minister of Defense of Guatemala and graduate of the

981:

accused the Sandinistas of many cases of illegal foreign intervention and supporting foreign militants. One was supporting the

295: 129: 51: 6498: 2576: 2030: 396:] and compare it with official definitions of "terrorism" in army manuals, or the U.S. Code, you find they're almost the same. 223: 8560: 8290: 8224: 8195: 1124:

ordered the United States to terminate the crime and to pay substantial reparations, many billions of dollars, to the victim.

177: 8032: 6284:

Leogrande, William M. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992, University of North Carolina Press

6275:

Leogrande, William M. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992, University of North Carolina Press

6239:

Americas Watch Committee and American Civil Liberties Union, Report on Human Rights in El Salvador, January 26, 1982, p.179

6142:

Americas Watch Committee and American Civil Liberties Union, Report on Human Rights in El Salvador, January 26, 1982, p.183

1164:

The Guatemala Civil War was predominantly fought between the government of Guatemala and insurgents between 1960 and 1996.

1003: 410: 151: 73: 7985: 2517: 1631:. The Reagan administration was accused of ignoring the evidence implicating D'Aubuisson. Critics of this view argue that 7143: 2755: 1758:, an Iranian state run news agency, reported that the United States government is involved in PRMI's terrorists acts. On 1293: 1168: 1115:

argues that the U.S. has been legally found guilty of international terrorism based on this verdict, which condemned the

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Publicly, Arroyo has condemned political killings "in the harshest possible terms" and urged witnesses to come forward.

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The Ecumenical Movement for Justice and Peace documents that most of the human rights violations were committed by the

823: 564: 2610: 1277:

Utilizing declassified government documents, researchers Kate Doyle and Carlos Osorio from the research institute the

1231:

Osorio "earned the nickname "The Butcher of Zacapa" for killing 15,000 peasants to eliminate 300 suspected rebels."

8371: 8176: 8157: 7917: 6683: 3275: 2642: 2354:

2006 is also the year President Arroyo issued Presidential Proclamation 1017. According to Cher S Jimenez writing in

1635:'s sole link to the SOA is that he had taken a course in Radio Operations long before El Salvador's civil war began. 741: 351:

The United States has accused other nations of funding, training, and harboring individuals and groups who engage in

319: 303: 219: 1534: 1453: 1195: 409:

Chomsky has characterized the tactics used by agents of the U.S. government and their proxies in their execution of

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America Watch Committee and American Civil Liberties Union, Report on Human Rights in El Salvador, February 26,1982

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War crimes, such as rapes and killing POWs, are not not legally sanctioned by the US government or the US military.

1333:

come to Harvard as part of his plan to run for Guatemala's presidency in 1995. And Harvard, as U.S. Representative

688: 5143: 1194:

Declassified CIA documents show that the United States was instrumental in organizing, funding, and equipping the

6011:

McClintock, Mchael, The American Connection: State Terror and Popular Resistance in El Salvador, Zed Books, p.308

5959: 5039:"International Court of Justice Year 1986, 27 June 1986, General list No. 70, paragraphs 251, 252, 157, 158, 233" 2681: 2404: 2374: 1835: 1620: 4491:- "EARLY 1961: A supervisor for Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., he flees Cuba, first to Mexico, then to Florida." 1281:

document that Guatemalan Colonel Byron Lima Estrada took military police and counterintelligence courses at the

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Most of those killed or "disappeared" were peasant or worker activists belonging to progressive groups such as

1580:

of the Salvadoran army killed approximately nine hundred men, women, and children in and around the village of

1029: 978: 136: 58: 3934: 2788:

Paper argues that US State Terrorism is a function of the global capitalist economy, described as Imperialism.

2529:, and arbitrary arrest and detention." In the same report, the State Department admitted that the presence of 2482:" to deal with upheavals in the post-Vietnam period. Its military field manuals endorsed tactical tools of... 582:

officials have accused the United States Government of being an accomplice and protector of terrorism against

6722: 6311:

Americas Watch, El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991, p. 119

5958:

From Madness to Hope: the 12-year war in El Salvador: Report of the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador,

2242:

climate of impunity which, in practice, shields the perpetrators from prosecution." The AI report continues:

1855: 1830:'s blacklist of terrorist organizations, which lists 28 organizations, since 2002. The enlistments included: 1795: 700: 8134:

Transcript of President Bush's address to a joint session of Congress on Thursday night, September 20, 2001.

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El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991, p.vii

5110: 2194:- President of Venezuela - referred to the bombings as "the greatest act of terrorism in recorded history." 2167:

are the number-one exhibits of state terrorism... Consider the hypocrisy of an Administration that portrays

422: 8410: 7375: 6217: 5911: 5817: 5091:"ICJ Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America)" 4459: 3538: 2584: 2546: 2333:

peasant leaders, legislators, doctors, women activists, youthful students, indigenous leaders, and workers.

2038: 1994: 1721:

has been identified as a terrorist organization by Iran and Pakistan. According to an April 2007 report by

945:

in psychological operations was leaked to the media, entitled "Psychological Operations in Guerrilla War".

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El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991, 21

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Martin, Gus, Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives and Issues, Sage Publications, 2003,p.110.

6020:

El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991, 47

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organization alleged by the US government to have received assistance from the former Taliban regime in

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and the International Police Academy in the suburbs of Washington D.C. D'Aubuisson was founder of the

1227: 7876: 5720: 5343: 4296:

Bohning,Don. The Castro Obsession: U.S.Covert Operations Against Cuba 1959-1965, Potomac Books,137-138

3763:

Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance, Henry Holt and Company, 80.

3679:

Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance, Henry Holt and Company, 80.

1223: 818:, Posada claimed responsibility for the bombings at hotels and nightclubs in Cuba in 1997 in which an 483:

codename for a U.S. Policy of sabotage and covert operations" against Cuba. MONGOOSE was led by Gen.

209: 8242:

War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century

8109: 7921: 7840:

Cite error: The named reference "hrwUsig" was defined multiple times with different content (see the

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El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991

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Bias in media coverage is also argued. Advocates of this stance point to studies that claim that the

2447: 2147:

War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century

2131: 1978: 1851: 1624: 1278: 765: 591: 520: 7472: 7422: 6770:

EU’s Ministers of Economic and Financial Affairs’ Council violates the verdict by the European Court

6559: 6406: 4542: 2888: 7550: 7484: 7359: 7253: 7207: 7060: 7053: 6938:: Why the attorney general and others in Washington have backed a terror group with ties to Iraq", 6471: 6459: 6201: 6169:

Bonner, Raymond, Weakness and Deceit: U.S. Policy and El Salvador, New York Times Books,1984, p.308

6160:

Bonner, Raymond, Weakness and Deceit: U.S. Policy and El Salvador, New York Times Books,1984, p.308

5831: 5801: 5020: 4909: 4622: 3545: 1971: 1877:. In 2003 the US State Department included the NCRI on the blacklist, under Executive Order 13224. 1734: 930: 260: 8124:

SECURITY COUNCIL LIFTS SANCTIONS IMPOSED ON LIBYA AFTER TERRORIST BOMBINGS OF PAN AM 103, UTA 772]

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El Salvador: `Death Squads' — A Government Strategy. New York: Amnesty International, 1988.

5753: 5370: 4923: 511:, the Cuban president. William Harvey was one of the CIA case officers who dealt with the mafiosi 6741: 5547: 5504: 5269: 5200: 2653: 2431: 2212: 1947: 1874: 1865:

that it would maintain the organization on the blacklist. The EU-freezing of funds was lifted on

1722: 1136: 366: 147: 69: 5925: 4888: 4664: 2996: 1477:

Defenders argue that the alleged connection to human rights abusers is often weak. For example,

938:). Professor Gareau has characterized these acts as "wholesale terrorism" by the United States. 6056:

Lopez, George A.- Terrorism in Latin America in “The Politics of Terrorism”, Michael Stohl, ed.

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missiles to the Islamic Republic of Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages whom

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From the 1984 Human Rights Watch report on Guatemala in a section entitled “The U.S. Role,":

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also argues that "Washington is the center of global state terrorism and has been for years."

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J. Patrice McSherry. “The Evolution of the National Security State: The Case of Guatemala.”

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Foreign Policy In Focus | Global Affairs Commentary | Terror and Torture in the Philippines

8072: 6886: 6827: 6446: 4305: 3357: 2659: 2248: 2216: 2156: 1847: 1495: 1200: 1140:, that "unlawful use of force is not another word for terrorism" and that the Court has no 737: 721: 655:

asserted that in the 1990s, a total of 68 acts of terrorism were perpetrated against Cuba.

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A Critical Review Of The Objectives Of U.S. Foreign Policy In The Post-World War II Period

5231: 5174: 5069: 4705: 4574: 4362: 4225: 4174: 4121: 4070: 4009: 3973: 3920: 3870: 3740: 3596: 3522: 3471: 3422: 3343: 3262: 3217: 3169: 3121: 3076: 3031: 2988: 2945: 2900: 2850: 2842: 2063:, other governments, and human rights organizations have characterized the United States' 8: 7641: 7130: 6935: 6848: 6537: 6503: 6369: 5573: 5303: 4204: 3440: 2814: 2112: 1885: 1819: 1041: 753: 651: 647: 488: 241:

for more details. If you cannot edit this article and you wish to make a change, you can

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House Select Committee on Assassinations Report, Volume IV, page 125. September 22, 1978

2997:"Security Council considers Nicaraguan complaint against United States, takes no action" 2439:

formal board to "determine and discuss the possibility of holding joint U.S.-Philippine

1144:

over sovereign states unless they themselves so agree, which the U.S. did not since the

927:

kidnapped. Deteriorating health made it impossible for Casey to speak to the committee.

417:— as a form of terrorism and has also described the U.S as "a leading terrorist state." 8587: 8540: 8381: 8259: 8205: 7855: 7659: 7587: 7537: 7074: 5979: 5845: 5741: 5535: 5492: 5326: 4791: 4728: 4609: 4427: 4349: 4266: 3903: 3853: 3727: 3509: 3458: 3156: 2765: 2440: 2416: 2086: 1998: 1640: 1581: 1577: 935: 912: 846: 679:

The Cuban Government, its supporters and some outside observers believe that the group

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National Security archives; The Atlantic, "Twilight of the Assassins," November 2006,

3391: 1010: 1008: 587: 8526: 8496: 8451: 8367: 8333: 8245: 8237: 8191: 8172: 8153: 7807:"DILG should urge Task Force Usig to really investigate all political killings - KMU" 7780: 7703: 7523: 7406: 7346: 7271:). "Recent Literature on Truman's Atomic Bomb Decision: A Search for Middle Ground". 6677: 6373: 6188: 6108: 5871: 5788: 5218: 5161: 4971: 4896: 4889:"Nicaragua's role in revolutionary internationalism - statement by Vernon A. Walters" 4595: 4335: 4212: 4161: 4108: 4057: 3960: 3583: 3409: 3362: 3330: 3249: 3204: 3142: 3108: 3063: 3048: 3018: 2975: 2932: 2872: 2829: 2723: 2704: 2669:, an organization considered terrorist in Germany and that received support from the 2623: 2355: 2314: 1726: 1680: 1415: 1334: 1222:

Patrice McSherry argues that after a successful (U.S. backed) coup against president

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Nicaragua smuggling weapons. There were also accusations of subversive activities in

899:

administration ordered the CIA to organize and train the right wing guerrilla group "

838: 807: 729: 256: 6647: 4956: 4755: 4651: 4506: 4399:"CIA and FBI Documents Detail Career in International Terrorism; Connection to U.S." 3186: 1449: 1272: 875: 7952: 7792: 7392: 6823: 6538:

Fars News Agency :: 65 Suspects Arrested on Charges of Blast in Southeast Iran

6151:

Chomsky, Noam, Turning the Tide: The U.S. and Latin America, Black Rose Books, p.98

5926:

Nicaragua's role in revolutionary internationalism - statement by Vernon A. Walters

5319:

Managing the Counterrevolution: The United States and Guatemala, 1954-1961 (review)

4706:"The Iran-Contra Affair 20 Years On: Documents Spotlight Role of Reagan, Top Aides" 4500: 4270: 2666: 2507: 2469: 2393: 2365:

in August 2006 to investigate the killings. Headed by former Supreme Court Justice

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by an Indian diplomat asserts that the United States is providing aid to rebels in

1558: 908: 830: 635: 579: 344:, as well as funding, training, and harboring individuals and groups who engage in 16: 8523:

State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Human Rights

7999: 7890: 7751: 7642:"Chavez Calls Dropping of A-Bomb, 'Greatest Act of Terrorism in Recorded History'" 6329:

Library of Congress. Country Studies. El Salvador. Chapter 1 - Historical Setting

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The American Connection Volume 2: State Terror and Popular Resistance in Guatemala

5245: 4378: 4238: 2953: 1950:

which killed 81 people. The bombing was apparently an assassination attempt on an

1660: 5843: 5283: 4562: 4422:. The New York Times Company. pp. Section A, Page 1, Column 3, Foreign Desk. 4398: 4042: 2160: 2152: 2123: 2071: 2067: 2003: 1369:

mentioned that the US helped stop a military coup in 1993, further stating that:

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operatives including Guillermo Novo Sampol, (left; fourth from camera) wanted in

560: 484: 362: 340: 227: 6871: 6793: 6769: 5111:"International Law PSCI 0236 > International Law PSCI 0236 > Introduction" 4998: 3808:

Stephen G. Rabe -Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. 2000,714

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Stephen G. Rabe -Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. 2000,714

3790:

Stephen G. Rabe -Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. 2000,714

3781:

Stephen G. Rabe -Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. 2000,714

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for Bay Area Indymedia. Republished by "Asian Human Rights Commission in News".

7947:"Philippines: Filpina Militants Indict Bush-Arroyo For Crimes Against Humanity" 7498: 5832:

Teaching democracy at the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation

4959: 4519: 3989:"The United States is an accomplice and protector of terrorism, states Alarcón" 3436: 3316: 3312: 2522: 2459: 2450: 2105: 1925: 1843: 1827: 1514:

in Nicaragua, who took power in 1979, of arming and training the guerrillas.

1438: 1211: 815: 784: 568: 500: 383: 7338: 4317: 4093: 3988: 3834: 3817: 711: 8571: 8061: 7221:

Dower, John (1995). "The Bombed: Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japanese Memory".

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and a call by the EU to block terrorist organizations' funding. However, the

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president Reagan argued in his historic national television address in 1984,

1593: 1589: 1585: 1207: 1033: 896: 834: 745: 334: 7184:"The Genocidal Temptation: Auschwitz, Hiroshima, Rwanda and Beyond (Review)" 6906:

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Argued

1958:. The bombing, known as the Bir bombing after Bir el-Abed, the impoverished 6943: 6508: 6494: 5630:

Anthony Arnove (June 2005). "An Interview With Allan Nairn". Znet Magazine.

5188: 5038: 4779: 4085: 3383: 3040: 2957: 2674: 2649:"to have repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism." 2587:

by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the

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by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the

1968: 1964: 1897: 1823: 1745: 1628: 1604: 1554: 1543: 1525: 1405: 1337:(D-MA) observed, appears to be in the business of "laundering reputations." 1141: 1112: 1072: 1057: 1052: 963: 627: 604: 552: 532: 512: 508: 418: 387: 7965: 6924:

No. 01-1480: National Council of Resistance of Iran v. Department of State

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Bardach, Ann Louise (1998-07-13). "A Bomber's Tale: Decades of Intrigue".

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when she was abducted and brutally tortured. Among other torments she was

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Terrorisme: la justice européenne appelle l'UE à justifier sa liste noire

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http://www.alalam.ir/english/en-NewsPage.asp?newsid=018030120070404130601

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Coffee and Power: Revolution and the Rise of Democracy in Central America

5860: 4818: 4192: 4034: 3130: 2727: 2191: 2098: 1930: 1866: 1803: 1615:, a graduate of the Salvadoran military academy, was also trained at The 1511: 1499: 1320: 1145: 986: 920: 715: 673: 6560:

Press TV - VoA interviews Iranian terrorist culprit in a sign of backing

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Guatemala: A Nation of Prisoners, An Americas Watch Report, January 1984

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Other allegations of state sponsored terrorism against the United States

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has written in some detail about Hiroshima and Nagasaki as instances of

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secretly authorized his Central Intelligence Agency under his appointee

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In 2001, Cuban Ambassador to the UN Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla called for

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and other military advisers had "helped create an environment in which

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Doggan, Martha, Death Foretold: The Jesuit Murders in El Salvador, 170

5736:. London: Zed Books. pp. pp22-25 and pp61-63. ISBN 1-84277-535-9. 5025:"Appraisals of the ICJ's Decision. Nicaragua vs United State (Merits)" 2851:"The role of lawyers in defending the democratic rights of the people" 8433: 8303:

When States Kill:Latin America, the U.S., and Technologies of Terror,

7968:. The Official Website of the Republic of the Philippines. 2006-07-24 6872:"U.S. Congressman Tom Tancredo: Mujahedin offers hope for a new Iran" 6831: 5991:

Sunday, 24 March, 2002, U.S. role in Salvador's brutal war, BBC News

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The Philippine government, currently headed by the elected President

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frontline: target america: terrorist attacks on americans, 1979-1988

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Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II

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No issues specified. Please specify issues, or remove this template.

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http://www.ahrchk.net/ahrc-in-news/mainfile.php/2006ahrcinnews/865/

6889:. Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Group, Parliament of Australia 6475: 5684: 5466: 4972:

Tropical Chekists: The Sandinista secret police legacy in Nicaragua

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against terrorism and other non-traditional security concerns.".

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Sister Ortiz suspects some involvement by US government personnel.

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The United States of America had to pay reparations for the damage.

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and among other aspects of the operation, enlisted the help of the

7966:"State of the Nation Address of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo" 6813:

http://curia.europa.eu/en/actu/communiques/cp06/aff/cp060097en.pdf

6230:

Bonner, Raymond, Weakness and Deceit: U.S. Policy and El Salvador.

6130:

El Salvador: The Massacre at El Mozote : the Need to Remember

5272:(2004) Peter Collier and David Horowitz, editors. Encounter Books. 2215:, is fighting insurgents such as Islamic groups and the Communist 7176:

The Genocidal Temptation: Auschwitz, Hiroshima, Rwanda and Beyond

6907: 6600: 6479: 5470: 2526: 2168: 1951: 1934: 1799: 1759: 1545:

It is now one of the two major political parties of the country.

942: 900: 788: 664: 623: 5350: 3722:). "6 Attempts to Kill Castro Laid to CIA". The Washington Post. 1798:, with the US army regularly escorting PMOI supply runs between 460: 8578:

Knowledge articles needing factual verification from March 2008

7005:"Ex-C.I.A. Aides Say Iraq Leader Helped Agency in 90's Attacks" 6915: 5192: 4723:. London: Zed Books. pp. 16 & 166. ISBN 1-84277-535-9. 4143: 3226: 3085: 2190:

While paying tribute to the victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,

1959: 1811: 1688: 904: 757: 684: 611:

for extradition in connection with terrorist acts, Mexico City

524: 8364:

Terrorism and the State: A Critique of Domination Through Fear

7447:(1). Foundation for the Study of Independent Social Ideas, Inc 6667: 2627: 1846:(EU) in 2002. Its bank accounts were frozen in 2002 after the 369:

remain without a single internationally accepted definition.

6420:

Car bomb in Iran destroys a bus carrying Revolutionary Guards

4665:

http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/98_columns/071498.htm

3502:

Revolutionaries and Functionaries: The Dual Face of Terrorism

3367: 2708: 2697: 2670: 2306: 1714: 819: 639: 504: 7858:

Philippines: Political Killings, Human Rights and the Peace

7752:"Human Rights Violations in the Philippines: A Grim Reality" 5608:

Allan Nairn (April 1995). "C.I.A. Death Squads". The Nation.

4639:

http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0505/19/i_ins.01.html

3571:. The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research 1134:

One critic of the is David Horowitz, who argues in the book

833:

documents and testimonies from involved parties, journalist

622:

Cuba also claims U.S. involvement in the paramilitary group

8477: 8437: 8419:

Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability

8359: 8314: 8084:

German Court Orders Former RAF Terrorist Released on Parole

8062:

US National Security Adviser lauds RP's anti-terror efforts

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Terrorism and Justice: Moral Argument in a Threatened World

7339:"Atomic Bomb: Decision — Target Committee, May 10–11, 1945" 6946: 6919: 6911: 6835: 6801: 6781: 6755: 6730: 6604: 6582:

Iranian speaker says U.S. supports "terrorists" - swissinfo

6512: 6483: 6472:

Pakistan Denounces ABC News Report on Backing Iran Radicals

6365: 5858: 5619:

Allan Nairn (June 5, 2005). "The country team". The Nation.

5474: 5204: 5196: 5139: 4786:. Noida, India: Zed Books. p. 290. ISBN 1-84277-369-0. 4196: 4147: 4089: 4038: 3946: 3564: 3497: 3387: 3370: 3308: 3230: 3182: 3134: 3089: 3044: 3004: 2961: 2913: 2858: 2810: 2715: 2693: 2373:

concluded that most of the killings were instigated by the

2136:

Terrorism and Justice: Moral Argument in a Threatened World

1870: 1862: 1815: 1763: 1684: 1539: 1507: 1503: 1430: 982: 867: 615: 583: 430: 3392:"Venezuela accuses U.S. of 'double standard' on terrorism" 2677:, attacked US military personnel and civilians in Germany. 2155:, professor Emeritus of International Law and Practice at 1167:

In 1999, an independent Guatemalan Truth Commission (the "

1026:

The Republic of Nicaragua vs. The United States of America

7163:

Target America: terrorist attacks on Americans, 1979-1988

5650:

The NarcoSphere || In Oaxaca, Harvard Comes to the Rescue

5576:. George Washington University NSA Archive (Republished). 5306:. George Washington University NSA Archive (Republished). 4652:"Posada "I will kill Castro if it's the last thing I do"" 4382: 4139: 3938: 2055:

Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

1787: 1418: 1411: 1286: 871: 863: 803: 492: 7131:"The Gates Inheritance, Part 3: The world that Bob made" 6127: 5716: 5714: 3877: 3827: 3613:

Falk, Richard (1986-06-28). "Thinking About Terrorism".

3187:"Understanding, responding to, and preventing terrorism" 733:

suspicions that he was engaged in terrorist activities.

599:

File:Porter Goss, Barry Seal, Felix Rodriguez, et al.jpg

7387: 7385: 5861:"Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation" 5844:

Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation.

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http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB157/index.htm

2612:

They are not the official policy of the US government.

2120:

Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE)

1946:

The CIA has been accused of being the perpetrator of a

1778:

communities in the U.S, as well as the Iranian regime.

1040:

by direct acts of U.S. personnel and by the supporting

736:

The Cubans cite what they describe as the admission by

668:

military invasion of Cuba during the administration of

5721:

International Law Reports - Cambridge University Press

5566: 5304:"CIA and Assassinations: The Guatemala 1954 Documents" 3835:"Pentagon Proposed Pretexts for Cuba Invasion in 1962" 3437:"Cuban Terror Case Erodes US Credibility, Critics Say" 658: 355:, including terrorist acts against the United States. 338:

has been accused of having directly committed acts of

8417:

Campbell, Bruce B., and Brenner,Arthur D.,eds. 2000.

8305:

University of Texas Press 2005,isbn=978-0-292-70647-7

8122:

http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7868.doc.htm

7107: 7105: 5711: 5669: 4679: 4677:

Judge throws out charges against anti-Castro militant

4482:. Times Publishing Company. pp. National, Pg. 1A 4136:"Cuba sues U.S. for billions, alleging 'war' damages" 1469:

Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation

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military and paramilitary forces, the report found."

372: 7856:

http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engasa350062006

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http://www.countercurrents.org/iraq-hassan190604.htm

6670:

Iranian Imbroglio Gives New Boost To Odd Exile Group

5296: 1687:, who are currently engaged in a revolt against the 1588:

history, but when news emerged of the massacre, the

1206:

After the U.S.-backed coup, which toppled president

100: 7891:

CounterPunch: "America's Best Political Newsletter"

4641:

Jose Posada Carriles: Hero or Hardened Killer?.CNN.

4592:

Cuba and the United States: A Chronological History

4332:

ZR Rifle : The Plot to Kill Kennedy and Castro

2141:Mark Selden, professor of sociology and history at 1498:was predominantly fought between the government of 7102: 5699:"Civil Remedies for Gross Human Rights Violations" 5384: 3569:"Gandhi, Nonviolence and the Struggle Against War" 2419:campaign initially created as one arm of the U.S. 2201: 1365:A 1996 report on CIA's action in Guatemala by the 1226:in 1963, U.S. advisors began to work with Colonel 806:to deport Bosch, they were overruled by President 728:The claims around Posada center on the bombing of 693:United States Agency for International Development 632:Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations 377: 8482:"Bush nominee linked to Latin American terrorism" 8301:Menjívar, Cecilia and Rodríguez,Néstor, editors, 7872: 7870: 7868: 7724:"PNP: Extrajudicial killings fell by 83% in 2007" 7088: 7086: 7073:Counter Currents, 2004 June 19, "Who Is Allawi?" 4996: 4886: 4819:"Terrorism Debacles in the Reagan Administration" 2853:. International Association of People's Lawyers. 1993:sanctioned the Bir attack in retaliation for the 941:In 1984 a CIA manual for training the Nicaraguan 596: 447: 8569: 7995: 7993: 7522:. Melbourne University Publishing. pp. XV. 7125: 7123: 7077:; World War 4 Report, "Iraq Meets the New Boss" 6595:"U.S. protects Iranian opposition group in Iraq" 5978:El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, 5529: 5486: 5268:David Horowitz. Chomsky and 9/11. Page 172-4 In 3313:"The United States is a Leading Terrorist State" 2446:The United States — through the person of 2261:Human Rights Watch, in a 2008 report, reported 1838:, and again in 2001 pursuant to section 1(b) of 8036:National Council of Churches in the Philippines 7903:"Deadly dirty work in the Philippines (page 2)" 7738:"Deadly dirty work in the Philippines (page 1)" 7435: 7178:. University Press of America. ISBN 0761827439. 5316: 5067: 4537: 4535: 4334:(2nd ed.). Ocean Press (AU). p. 164. 4239:Investigator from Cuba takes stand in spy trial 3885:"U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba" 1995:truck-bombing of the U.S. Marine Corps barracks 1896:Past supporters of the PMOI have included Rep. 1292:In 1999, the Guatemalan Truth Commission (the " 676:marked the end of documented U.S. involvement. 663:The Cuban revolution resulted in a large Cuban 7986:Action in Solidarity with Asia and the Pacific 7941: 7939: 7937: 7865: 7793:"What Drives Macapagal-Arroyo's "Silent War"?" 7083: 6958: 5629: 4374: 4372: 4318:Alpha 66 expands its offices and training camp 4280: 4278: 2603:Foreign_relations of the United States#Support 1884:" (succeeded in 2005 by the more conservative 1129:Noam Chomsky, interview on Pakistan Television 1014: 638:investigator Roberto Hernández testified in a 8188:Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror 8066: 8049:"US, Philippines weigh new military marriage" 7990: 7895: 7730: 7120: 6981:Michael Isikoff & Mark Hosenball (2004). 6668:Andrew Higgins and Jay Solomon (2006-11-29), 6592: 5580: 4010:"Terrorism organized and directed by the CIA" 2954:"Venezuelan Leader Lashes at US in UN Speech" 1781: 1304:Minor Sinclair writes in the Sojourner that: 1251:have, including terror. And it must be met.” 1065:Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare 887:Following the rise to power of the left-wing 461:Specific allegations against the US by region 8525:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 8244:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 7144:Will U.S. Foreign Policy Increase Terrorism? 6846: 5687:Intelligence Oversight Board. June 28, 1996. 5670:Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed (September 24, 2001). 5530:White, Robert E. (June 4, 1999). Commonweal. 5487:White, Robert E. (June 4, 1999). Commonweal. 5321:. The Americas. p. Volume 59, Number 4. 5262: 4708:. The National Security Archive. 2006-11-24. 4532: 915:, in which a third country was to help sell 172: 94: 8293:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8227:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7934: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7822: 6586: 6527:Former ABC Consultant Says He Faked Nothing 6353: 5725: 5618: 5607: 5394:. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1985, pp. 2, 32. 4772: 4369: 4275: 3298: 3296: 2751:Allegations of state terrorism in Sri Lanka 2628:US allegations of state sponsored terrorism 1639:be engaged in violations of human rights." 304:Learn how and when to remove these messages 7886: 7884: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7158: 7156: 6884: 5586: 5275: 5063: 5061: 4579:http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200611/cuba 4186: 4184: 2707:bombing, allegedly with the assistance of 8319:"Bush Terror Elite Wanted 9/11 to Happen" 8147: 7958: 7848: 7785: 6974: 6370:"Foreign devils in the Iranian mountains" 6178: 6107:. Harvard University Press. p. 345. 5969:Amnesty International Annual Report, 1985 5778: 4543:"Castro Foe Puts U.S. in an Awkward Spot" 4520:"Cuban official demands action on Posada" 4393: 4391: 4285:Alpha 66 says it carried out bomb attacks 4267:Cuba Statement to the United Nations 2001 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4028: 4026: 3717: 3038: 2907: 2076:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1462: 1076:The court findings are summarized below: 829:As more revelations were made public via 507:to plot an assassination attempt against 386:began using the term "War on Terrorism", 320:Learn how and when to remove this message 8041: 7819: 7111: 6961:"Group on U.S. terror list lobbies hard" 6413: 5623: 5281: 4654:. Hartford Web Publishing (Republished). 4644: 4589: 3293: 2746:Allegations of state terrorism by Russia 1792:International Committee of the Red Cross 1770:, appeared on the Iranian branch of the 1484: 1094:to interrupt peaceful maritime commerce. 710: 626:, the CIA undercover operation known as 8166: 8022:518 Roland G. Simbulan, The real threat 7915: 7881: 7765: 7744: 7700:Terrorism and Collective Responsibility 7153: 6878: 6806: 6690: 6627:"COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2005/847/CFSP" 6619: 6433:"2nd blast in 3 days hits Iranian city" 6359: 5982:Books, Yale University Press, 1991, 107 5690: 5663: 5612: 5284:"History of Guatemala's 'Death Squads'" 5058: 4999:"Legal Issues in The Nicaragua Opinion" 4670: 4417: 4181: 3608: 3606: 3139:Terrorism's War with America: A History 3128: 2776:U.S. Army and CIA interrogation manuals 1834:by the United States in 1997 under the 1391:The report also goes on to highlight: 845:immigration fraud and ordered Posada's 542: 8583:Foreign relations of the United States 8570: 8185: 7635: 7079:http://ww4report.com/static/iraq5.html 6840: 6648:"Chapter 6 -- Terrorist Organizations" 6634:Official Journal of the European Union 6181:"The War in Central America Continues" 5781:"The War in Central America Continues" 5731: 5601: 5103: 5033: 5031: 4748: 4718: 4712: 4634: 4632: 4388: 4253: 4023: 3237:. Centre for Research on Globalization 2741:Allegations of state terrorism by Iran 2413:Civilian Armed Forces Government Units 1967:stated that the CIA was funded by the 1806:. The PMOI have been designated as a 1790:reported that the US military and the 1674: 1641:The Lawyers Committee for Human Rights 1399: 1151: 879: 465: 7716: 7517: 7220: 6887:"Behind the Mujahideen-e-Khalq (MeK)" 6794:European Council is not above the law 6464: 6102: 5734:State Terrorism and the United States 5003:American Journal of International Law 4942:(July 19, 1983), Heritage Foundation. 4880: 4721:State Terrorism and the United States 4507:Posada's CIA ties uncovered in papers 4476:"Cuban "terrorist' arrested in Miami" 4473: 3986: 3302: 2645:to nations who are designated by the 799:, then U.S. ambassador to Venezuela. 474: 178:State terrorism and the United States 8190:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 8103: 7918:"Melo: Commission report 'complete'" 7909: 7181: 7173: 7002: 6996: 6952: 6661: 6640: 6499:Consultant Probed in Bogus Interview 5574:"Colonel Byron Disrael Lima Estrada" 5460: 5238: 5083: 4977: 4778: 4667:A Startling Tale of U.S. Complicity. 3935:"Fidel Castro meets Caricom leaders" 3612: 3603: 3224: 3083: 2559: 2013: 1044:guerrillas in their war against the 1004:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 703:and plans to kill President Castro. 269: 203: 35: 8516: 8235: 8186:Sluka,, Jeffrey A., editor (1999). 8148:Alexander, George (December 1991). 7839: 7697: 6697:Défense des Moudjahidines du peuple 6488: 5187: 5054:Large PDF file from the ICJ website 5028: 4990: 4811: 4756:"Declassified Army and CIA Manuals" 4687: 4629: 4329: 4190: 3141:. Praeger Publishers. p. 224. 2383: 2277:but as Human Rights Watch writes: 1810:by the United States (since 1997), 1603:The prototype of the El Salvadoran 1548: 1294:Historical Clarification Commission 1169:Historical Clarification Commission 849:removed. The ruling criticized the 814:In a series of interviews with the 659:Allegations of harboring terrorists 200:Revision as of 20:24, 11 April 2008 191: 183: 176:Changed protection level for " 171: 128: 119:Revision as of 20:24, 11 April 2008 116: 109: 93: 50: 41:Revision as of 20:19, 11 April 2008 38: 13: 8353: 8308: 7679:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 7607:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 7563: 7319:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 7266: 7036:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 6874:. Rocky Mountain News. 2003-01-07. 6847:Rubin, Elizabeth, New York Times. 5760:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 5696: 5133: 4997:Morrison, Fred L. (January 1987). 4799:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 4736:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 4032: 3651:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 824:Cuban-American National Foundation 373:General allegations against the US 202: 8599: 7949:. Bay Area Indymedia. 2007-04-28. 7570:"Terrorism Before and After 9-11" 7393:"Hiroshima; Breaking the Silence" 6470:Justin Rood and Gretchen Peters, 6128:Americas Watch Committee (1992). 5859:Center for International Policy. 4379:No deportation for Cuban militant 3381: 3276:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 3270:"Noam Chomsky Interview on CBC". 2781: 2643:United States Department of State 2555: 1941: 1918: 1189: 1119:for its "unlawful use of force". 962:Former State Department official 856: 742:Firestone Tire and Rubber Company 701:President Kennedy's assassination 285:This article has multiple issues. 101:→‎Hypocrisy about state terrorism 8471: 8171:. South End Press. p. 269. 8127: 8114: 8093: 8077: 8055: 8033:Let the Stones Cry Out HR Report 8026: 8015: 8004: 7979: 7799: 7691: 7629: 7619: 7557: 7511: 7491: 7438:"Five Questions About Terrorism" 7429: 7331: 7260: 7214: 7167: 7137: 7114:Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA 7067: 6928: 6900: 6864: 6817: 6787: 6763: 6735: 6712: 6703:, former director of the French 6575: 6564: 6553: 6542: 6531: 6520: 6453: 6439: 6425: 6343: 6334: 6323: 6314: 6305: 6296: 6287: 6278: 6269: 6260: 6251: 6242: 6233: 6224: 6172: 6163: 6154: 6145: 6136: 6121: 6096: 6087: 6077: 6068: 6059: 6050: 6041: 6032: 6023: 6014: 6005: 5996: 5985: 5972: 5963: 5952: 5943: 5934: 5918: 5852: 5837: 5824: 5772: 5678: 5654: 5643: 5634: 5201:"Who Are the Global Terrorists?" 4823:The Future of Freedom Foundation 4094:"Cuba's case against Washington" 4083: 4043:"Interview with Ricardo Alarcón" 3558: 3495: 3429: 3176: 2808: 2641:is a designation applied by the 2564: 2396:it has delivered as part of the 2163:. He writes "The graveyards of 2122:and studies political violence, 2018: 1875:European Court of First Instance 1180:Robert Parry, Consortiumnews.com 1117:United States federal government 1028:was a case heard in 1986 by the 740:, a one-time supervisor for the 689:National Endowment for Democracy 598: 586:on many occasions. According to 274: 208: 5929:US Department of State Bulletin 5523: 5480: 5477:. In 1995 CIA aid was stopped. 5451: 5442: 5433: 5424: 5415: 5406: 5397: 5363: 5310: 5181: 5127: 4964: 4945: 4930: 4916: 4871: 4862: 4853: 4844: 4835: 4698: 4658: 4583: 4568: 4556: 4512: 4494: 4467: 4411: 4323: 4311: 4299: 4290: 4244: 4232: 4128: 4077: 4002: 3980: 3927: 3811: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3775: 3766: 3757: 3747: 3711: 3701: 3692: 3682: 3673: 3663: 2920:. Asian Human Rights Commission 2817:. QUT Law & Justice Journal 2692:, an organization supported by 2682:April 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing 2375:Armed Forces of the Philippines 2206: 2202:The Philippines (1990s-present) 2009: 1888:). In 2002, 150 members of the 1836:Immigration and Nationality Act 1621:Nationalist Republican Alliance 1489: 378:Hypocrisy about state terrorism 293:or discuss these issues on the 8559:CS1 maint: extra punctuation ( 8421:. New York: St. Martin's Press 8366:. Praeger Press. p. 240. 8289:CS1 maint: extra punctuation ( 8223:CS1 maint: extra punctuation ( 8167:Chomsky, Noam (January 1988). 6650:. US Department of State. 2007 5685:Report on the Guatemala Review 5589:"Sorrow Lifted to the Heavens" 5469:Intelligence Oversight Board. 5467:Report on the Guatemala Review 5317:Stephen G. Rabe (April 2003). 5043:International Court of Justice 4545:. New York Times. October 2006 4480:St. Petersburg Times (Florida) 3552: 3489: 3478: 3375: 3350: 3284: 2799: 2652:Inclusion on the list imposes 1832:Foreign Terrorist Organization 1377:The report goes on to state: 1030:International Court of Justice 979:United States State Department 706: 487:in the Defense Department and 448:State terrorism and propaganda 1: 8152:. Polity Press. p. 276. 8141: 7093:Did A Dead Man Tell No Tales? 6936:Ashcroft's Baghdad Connection 6824:US State Dept press statement 6723:Council of the European Union 6682:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 6132:. Americas Watch. p. 15. 5732:Gareau, Frederick H. (2004). 4719:Gareau, Frederick H. (2004). 3358:The hypocrisy of Noam Chomsky 1502:and guerrilla groups between 1159: 695:and, more directly, the CIA. 630:, and the umbrella group the 198: 7916:Alberto, Thea (2007-02-15). 7188:Harvard Human Rights Journal 6963:. United Press International 6460:TThe Secret War Against Iran 4760:Latin American Working Group 4594:. Ocean Press. p. 233. 4330:Furiati, Claudia (1994-10). 3839:The Nation Security Archives 2547:International Criminal Court 2545:in the Philippines from the 2085:The role of the bombings in 1708: 1367:Intelligence Oversight Board 559:and submitted for action to 18:Browse history interactively 7: 8430:Public Broadcasting Service 7726:. Inquirer.net. 2008-01-14. 4474:Adams, David (2005-05-18). 4306:An Era of Exiles Slips Away 3051:. Monthly Review Foundation 2771:List of terrorist incidents 2734: 2639:State Sponsors of Terrorism 2634:State Sponsors of Terrorism 2117:Australian Research Council 1611:One of Medrano's proteges, 1111:U.S. foreign policy critic 1021:Nicaragua vs. United States 1015:Nicaragua vs. United States 957:James Bovard, Freedom Daily 218:Editing of this article by 10: 8604: 8484:. World Socialist Web Site 7636:Campanioni, Maria Salomé ( 6747:Radio France International 6103:Paige, Jeffery M. (1997). 5371:"About Michael McClintock" 5360:. Spring/Summer 1990, 133. 4887:Vernon A. Walters (1986). 2686:Islamic Jihad Organization 2631: 2525:killings, disappearances, 2415:) under the mantle of the 2409:Philippine National Police 2347:According to commentators 2052: 1956:Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah 1796:People's Mujahedin of Iran 1782:People's Mujahedin of Iran 1466: 1403: 1228:Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio 1155: 1018: 883: 478: 98: 8426:"Understanding Terrorism" 8051:. Asia Times. 2006-08-23. 8011:Independent Catholic News 7922:Philippine Daily Inquirer 7905:. Asia Times. 2007-02-13. 7740:. Asia Times. 2007-02-13. 7702:. Routledge. p. 11. 7133:. Asia Times. 2007-06-27. 7003:Brinkley, Joel (June 9). 4927:(January 24, 1983), TIME. 4045:. Transnational Institute 3396:Christian Science Monitor 2579:toward certain viewpoints 2448:National Security Adviser 2369:, the group known as the 2132:Humanitarian intervention 2033:toward certain viewpoints 1979:National Security Advisor 1852:European Court of Justice 1822:"senior diplomats in the 1410:Sister Dianna Ortiz is a 1279:National Security Archive 837:wrote in a column in the 766:National Security Archive 521:National Security Archive 401:Noam Chomsky, interview, 247:, discuss changes on the 156:Pending changes reviewers 115: 78:Pending changes reviewers 37: 8169:The Culture of Terrorism 7436:Walzer, Michael (2002). 7174:Frey, Robert S. (2004). 4308:. The Los Angeles Times. 3192:. Arab Studies Quarterly 2956:. Agence France-Presse. 2793: 2074:as state terrorism. The 1735:United States government 931:Florida State University 687:, been supported by the 592:Cuba’s national assembly 390:stated in an interview: 152:Extended confirmed users 74:Extended confirmed users 8236:Selden,, Mark, editor ( 8150:Western State Terrorism 7862:| Amnesty International 6959:Angela Woodall (2005). 6449:. Newsline. 2004-08-15. 5358:Socialism and Democracy 5270:The Anti-Chomsky Reader 4924:New Regime, Old Methods 4590:Franklin, Jane (1996). 2256:Amnesty International, 2213:Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo 2184:War and State Terrorism 1948:1985 Beirut car bombing 1267:He further states that 1224:Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes 1137:The Anti-Chomsky Reader 413:— in such countries as 367:international terrorism 36: 8548:Check date values in: 8504:Check date values in: 8459:Check date values in: 8389:Check date values in: 8341:Check date values in: 8321:. Third World Traveler 8278:Check date values in: 7667:Check date values in: 7595:Check date values in: 7499:"Professor Tony Coady" 7467:Cite journal requires 7307:Check date values in: 7112:Woodward, Bob (1987). 7024:Check date values in: 6705:RG intelligence agency 6593:Ware, Michael (2007). 6401:Cite journal requires 6389:Check date values in: 5890:Check date values in: 5226:Check date values in: 5169:Check date values in: 4953:Statistics of Democide 4503:. The Atlantic online. 4357:Check date values in: 4220:Check date values in: 4169:Check date values in: 4116:Check date values in: 4065:Check date values in: 3968:Check date values in: 3911:Check date values in: 3896:. Retrieved 27-04-2007 3861:Check date values in: 3846:. Retrieved 27-04-2007 3735:Check date values in: 3591:Check date values in: 3517:Check date values in: 3466:Check date values in: 3417:Check date values in: 3356:Windschuttle, Keith. " 3338:Check date values in: 3257:Check date values in: 3212:Check date values in: 3164:Check date values in: 3116:Check date values in: 3071:Check date values in: 3026:Check date values in: 2983:Check date values in: 2940:Check date values in: 2895:Check date values in: 2837:Check date values in: 2761:Command responsibility 2513: 2475: 2345: 2329: 2290: 2274: 2259: 2188: 2165:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1890:United States Congress 1808:terrorist organization 1717:militant organization 1617:School of the Americas 1592:administration in the 1574: 1463:School of the Americas 1446:School of the Americas 1437:and suffered over 100 1397: 1389: 1375: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1339: 1311: 1283:School of the Americas 1275: 1265: 1248: 1183: 1156:Further information: ] 1132: 960: 884:Further information: ] 718: 619: 551:, was approved by the 479:Further information: ] 407: 244:submit an edit request 7356:|accessmonthday= 7116:. Simon and Schuster. 6672:, Wall Street Journal 6447:"Al-Qaeda's New Face" 6198:|accessdaymonth= 5798:|accessdaymonth= 5068:Gabriela Echeverria. 4501:Life With Luis Posada 3129:Piszkiewicz, Dennis ( 3084:Simbulan, Roland G. ( 2484:psychological warfare 2480:low-intensity warfare 2476: 2455: 2330: 2291: 2279: 2263: 2244: 2174: 2143:Binghamton University 2059:Some legal scholars, 1840:Executive Order 13224 1818:. According to the 1738:report was denied by 1571:Frederick H. Gareau, 1563: 1510:. The US accused the 1485:El Salvador (1980-92) 1421:who was serving as a 1393: 1379: 1371: 1360:Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed 1353: 1348: 1343: 1330: 1306: 1269: 1261: 1237: 1173: 1121: 1032:which found that the 950: 903:". In 1981 President 714: 602: 557:Joint Chiefs of Staff 392: 8517:Wright,, Thomas C. ( 8354:Perdue, William D. ( 7518:Coady, Tony (2004). 7182:Rice, Sarah (2005). 6849:"The Cult of Rajavi" 6830:, Acting Spokesman, 6360:Bhadrakumar, M. K. ( 5390:Michael McClintock. 5373:. Human Rights First 5079:. The Redress Trust. 5019:: CS1 maint: year ( 2478:U.S....fashioned..." 2287:Human Rights Watch, 2271:Human Rights Watch, 2157:Princeton University 1848:September 11 attacks 1842:; as well as by the 1794:were protecting the 1742:official sources . 1625:José Napoleón Duarte 1496:Salvadoran Civil War 1210:, lead coup plotter 1201:Jacobo Arbenz Guzman 738:Luis Posada Carriles 722:Luis Posada Carriles 574:Bay of Pigs Invasion 565:Secretary of Defense 549:Operation Northwoods 543:Operation Northwoods 253:request unprotection 131:William M. Connolley 53:William M. Connolley 7951:Article written by 7646:watchingamerica.com 7267:Walker, J. Samuel ( 6885:Nigel Brew (2003). 6504:The Washington Post 4205:The Washington Post 3987:Rodríguez, Javier. 3441:Inter Press Service 3039:San Juan, Jr., E. ( 2908:San Juan, Jr., E. ( 2585:improve the article 2531:U.S. Special Forces 2113:C.A.J. (Tony) Coady 2039:improve the article 1999:Lebanon's civil war 1908:(R-MO), and former 1904:, (D-CA), and Sen. 1886:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 1820:Wall Street Journal 1675:Iran (1979-present) 1633:Roberto D'Aubuisson 1613:Roberto D'Aubuisson 1479:Roberto D'Aubuisson 1400:Sister Dianna Ortiz 1152:Guatemala (1954-96) 880:Nicaragua (1979-90) 847:electronic bracelet 754:Trinidad and Tobago 652:UN General Assembly 648:UN General Assembly 489:William King Harvey 466:Cuba (1956-present) 411:U.S. foreign policy 226:users is currently 180:": experiment 105:restore ref; rm the 8401:Unknown parameter 8270:has generic name ( 8216:has generic name ( 8000:Thematic Documents 7836:Human Rights Watch 7545:Unknown parameter 7479:Unknown parameter 7372:|access-date= 7366:Unknown parameter 7354:Unknown parameter 7293:|access-date= 7273:Diplomatic History 7225:. Vol. 19 (no. 2). 7223:Diplomatic History 7048:Unknown parameter 6934:Michael Isikoff, " 6636:. L 314: 44. 2005. 6435:. 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United Nations. 2766:Economic terrorism 2756:American terrorism 2647:Secretary of State 2441:military exercises 2004:Maronite Christian 1679:An article in the 1578:Atlacatl Battalion 1533:of this mentality. 1245:Michael McClintock 936:Iran-Contra affair 913:Iran-Contra affair 719: 620: 475:Operation Mongoose 427:Keith Windschuttle 312: 126: 48: 8519:February 28, 2007 8238:November 28, 2003 8197:978-0-8122-1711-7 8090:'s online service 7698:Wilkins, Taylor. 7368:|accessyear= 7059:CS1 maint: year ( 6374:Asia Times Online 6210:|accessyear= 5904:|accessyear= 5892:|accessdate= 5864:. Retrieved May 6 5810:|accessyear= 5697:Ratner, Michael. 5674:. Media Monitors. 5554:Missing or empty 5511:Missing or empty 5403:McClintock 32-33. 5334:More than one of 3913:|accessdate= 3863:|accessdate= 3820:, excerpted from 3544:CS1 maint: year ( 3363:The New Criterion 3094:"The Real Threat" 2724:Islamic terrorist 2705:Pan Am Flight 103 2673:secret police of 2597: 2596: 2411:, and the CAFGU ( 2356:Asia Times Online 2249:New People's Army 2217:New People's Army 2087:Japan's surrender 2051: 2050: 1856:Council of the EU 1727:Christopher Isham 1681:Asia Times Online 1063:The ICJ used the 1038:international law 851:U.S. government's 839:Los Angeles Times 808:George H. W. Bush 730:Cubana Flight 455 330: 329: 322: 310: 308: 268: 267: 261:create an account 235:protection policy 197: 117: 39: 8595: 8564: 8557: 8551: 8546: 8544: 8536: 8513: 8507: 8502: 8500: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8468: 8462: 8457: 8455: 8447: 8445: 8444: 8414: 8408: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8387: 8385: 8377: 8350: 8344: 8339: 8337: 8329: 8327: 8326: 8298: 8287: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8265: 8263: 8255: 8232: 8221: 8215: 8211: 8209: 8201: 8182: 8163: 8136: 8131: 8125: 8118: 8112: 8107: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8081: 8075: 8070: 8064: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8045: 8039: 8030: 8024: 8019: 8013: 8008: 8002: 7997: 7988: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7973: 7962: 7956: 7953:E. San Juan, Jr. 7950: 7943: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7928: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7899: 7893: 7888: 7879: 7874: 7863: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7830: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7789: 7783: 7778: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7759: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7682: 7681:|coauthors= 7676: 7670: 7665: 7663: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7633: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7610: 7609:|coauthors= 7604: 7598: 7593: 7591: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7548: 7543: 7541: 7533: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7465: 7463: 7455: 7453: 7452: 7442: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7410: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7389: 7380: 7379: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7352: 7350: 7342: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7322: 7321:|coauthors= 7316: 7310: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7288: 7280: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7252:has extra text ( 7251: 7246: 7241:has extra text ( 7240: 7236: 7234: 7226: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7206:has extra text ( 7205: 7201: 7199: 7191: 7179: 7171: 7165: 7160: 7151: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7127: 7118: 7117: 7109: 7100: 7099:October 12, 1987 7090: 7081: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7039: 7038:|coauthors= 7033: 7027: 7022: 7020: 7012: 7000: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6990: 6983:"Shades of Gray" 6978: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6968: 6956: 6950: 6932: 6926: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6894: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6868: 6862: 6860:Template:En icon 6858: 6856: 6855: 6844: 6838: 6821: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6796:, NCRI website, 6791: 6785: 6767: 6761: 6759:Template:Fr icon 6739: 6733: 6719:Council Decision 6716: 6710: 6708:Template:Fr icon 6694: 6688: 6687: 6681: 6673: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6631: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6590: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6568: 6562: 6557: 6551: 6546: 6540: 6535: 6529: 6524: 6518: 6516:Template:En icon 6492: 6486: 6468: 6462: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6387: 6385: 6377: 6357: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6338: 6332: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6312: 6309: 6303: 6300: 6294: 6291: 6285: 6282: 6276: 6273: 6267: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6249: 6246: 6240: 6237: 6231: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6194: 6192: 6184: 6176: 6170: 6167: 6161: 6158: 6152: 6149: 6143: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6100: 6094: 6091: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6072: 6066: 6063: 6057: 6054: 6048: 6045: 6039: 6036: 6030: 6027: 6021: 6018: 6012: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5994: 5989: 5983: 5976: 5970: 5967: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5941: 5938: 5932: 5931:, October, 1986 5922: 5916: 5915: 5909: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5877: 5875: 5867: 5865: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5841: 5835: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5815: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5794: 5792: 5784: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5763: 5762:|coauthors= 5757: 5752:has extra text ( 5751: 5747: 5745: 5737: 5729: 5723: 5718: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5667: 5661: 5658: 5652: 5647: 5641: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5587:Minor Sinclair. 5584: 5578: 5577: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5520: 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4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4627: 4626: 4620: 4615: 4613: 4605: 4587: 4581: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4539: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4516: 4510: 4498: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4452:|coauthors= 4447: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4431: 4423: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4386: 4376: 4367: 4366: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4345: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4273: 4271:Cuban revolution 4264: 4251: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4223: 4218: 4216: 4208: 4188: 4179: 4178: 4172: 4167: 4165: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4119: 4114: 4112: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4030: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3956: 3954: 3953: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3899: 3897: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3857: 3849: 3847: 3831: 3825: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3773: 3770: 3764: 3761: 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Faction 2654:strict sanctions 2592: 2568: 2567: 2560: 2511: 2508:E. San Juan, Jr. 2473: 2470:E. San Juan, Jr. 2432:President Arroyo 2362:E. San Juan, Jr. 2343: 2340:E. San Juan, Jr. 2327: 2324:E. San Juan, Jr. 2288: 2272: 2257: 2235:E. San Juan, Jr. 2186: 2046: 2022: 2021: 2014: 1982:Robert McFarlane 1910:Attorney General 1882:Mohammad Khatami 1776:Persian-American 1772:Voice of America 1768:Abdul Malik Rigi 1756:Fars News Agency 1596:dismissed it as 1572: 1559:political terror 1448:— General 1246: 1181: 1130: 958: 909:William J. Casey 748:, is accused by 636:Counterterrorism 600: 580:Cuban government 405: 382:After President 325: 318: 300: 278: 277: 270: 246: 212: 204: 181: 174: 166: 144: 125: 107: 106: 104: 96: 88: 66: 47: 21: 19: 8603: 8602: 8598: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8568: 8567: 8558: 8549: 8547: 8538: 8537: 8533: 8505: 8503: 8494: 8493: 8487: 8485: 8460: 8458: 8449: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8424: 8407:|location= 8406: 8402: 8400: 8390: 8388: 8379: 8378: 8374: 8342: 8340: 8331: 8330: 8324: 8322: 8288: 8279: 8277: 8267: 8266: 8257: 8256: 8252: 8222: 8213: 8212: 8203: 8202: 8198: 8179: 8160: 8144: 8139: 8132: 8128: 8119: 8115: 8108: 8104: 8098: 8094: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8067: 8060: 8056: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8031: 8027: 8020: 8016: 8009: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7980: 7971: 7969: 7964: 7963: 7959: 7945: 7944: 7935: 7926: 7924: 7914: 7910: 7901: 7900: 7896: 7889: 7882: 7875: 7866: 7853: 7849: 7831: 7820: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7779: 7766: 7757: 7755: 7750: 7749: 7745: 7736: 7735: 7731: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7710: 7696: 7692: 7680: 7678: 7668: 7666: 7657: 7656: 7650: 7648: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7620: 7608: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7585: 7584: 7578: 7576: 7562: 7558: 7546: 7544: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7516: 7512: 7503: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7492: 7480: 7478: 7468: 7466: 7457: 7456: 7450: 7448: 7440: 7434: 7430: 7418: 7414: 7413: 7404: 7403: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7390: 7383: 7371: 7367: 7365: 7355: 7353: 7344: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7320: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7296: 7292: 7291: 7282: 7281: 7265: 7261: 7249: 7248: 7238: 7237: 7228: 7227: 7219: 7215: 7203: 7202: 7193: 7192: 7172: 7168: 7161: 7154: 7142: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7121: 7110: 7103: 7095:Richard Zoglin 7091: 7084: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7049: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7025: 7023: 7014: 7013: 7001: 6997: 6988: 6986: 6979: 6975: 6966: 6964: 6957: 6953: 6933: 6929: 6905: 6901: 6892: 6890: 6883: 6879: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6853: 6851: 6845: 6841: 6822: 6818: 6811: 6807: 6792: 6788: 6768: 6764: 6740: 6736: 6717: 6713: 6695: 6691: 6675: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6653: 6651: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6629: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6611: 6609: 6591: 6587: 6580: 6576: 6569: 6565: 6558: 6554: 6547: 6543: 6536: 6532: 6525: 6521: 6493: 6489: 6469: 6465: 6458: 6454: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6418: 6414: 6402: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6379: 6378: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6344: 6339: 6335: 6328: 6324: 6319: 6315: 6310: 6306: 6301: 6297: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6279: 6274: 6270: 6265: 6261: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6243: 6238: 6234: 6229: 6225: 6213: 6209: 6207: 6197: 6195: 6186: 6185: 6179:Paul Mulshine. 6177: 6173: 6168: 6164: 6159: 6155: 6150: 6146: 6141: 6137: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6101: 6097: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6078: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6051: 6046: 6042: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6024: 6019: 6015: 6010: 6006: 6001: 5997: 5990: 5986: 5977: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5957: 5953: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5923: 5919: 5907: 5903: 5901: 5891: 5889: 5879: 5878: 5869: 5868: 5863: 5857: 5853: 5842: 5838: 5829: 5825: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5786: 5785: 5779:Paul Mulshine. 5777: 5773: 5761: 5759: 5749: 5748: 5739: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5703: 5701: 5695: 5691: 5683: 5679: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5655: 5648: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5628: 5624: 5617: 5613: 5606: 5602: 5593: 5591: 5585: 5581: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5555: 5553: 5543: 5542: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5512: 5510: 5500: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5465: 5461: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5389: 5385: 5376: 5374: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5355: 5351: 5339: 5335: 5333: 5324: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5297: 5288: 5286: 5280: 5276: 5267: 5263: 5254: 5252: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5227: 5225: 5216: 5215: 5209: 5207: 5186: 5182: 5170: 5168: 5159: 5158: 5152: 5150: 5132: 5128: 5119: 5117: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5072: 5066: 5059: 5047: 5045: 5037: 5036: 5029: 5012: 5011: 4995: 4991: 4983:Official name: 4982: 4978: 4969: 4965: 4950: 4946: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4917: 4905: 4903: 4894: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4825: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4800: 4798: 4789: 4788: 4777: 4773: 4764: 4762: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4737: 4735: 4726: 4725: 4717: 4713: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4692: 4688: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4637: 4630: 4618: 4616: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4588: 4584: 4573: 4569: 4563:The Posada File 4561: 4557: 4548: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4533: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4509:. Miami herald. 4504: 4499: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4472: 4468: 4455: 4451: 4449: 4439: 4435: 4434: 4425: 4424: 4416: 4412: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4389: 4377: 4370: 4358: 4356: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4287:Cuba solidarity 4283: 4276: 4265: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4237: 4233: 4221: 4219: 4210: 4209: 4201:"Moral Misstep" 4189: 4182: 4170: 4168: 4159: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4117: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4099: 4097: 4096:. Workers World 4082: 4078: 4066: 4064: 4055: 4054: 4048: 4046: 4031: 4024: 4015: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3994: 3992: 3985: 3981: 3969: 3967: 3958: 3957: 3951: 3949: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3916: 3912: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3866: 3862: 3860: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3824:by Noam Chomsky 3818:Robert McNamara 3816: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3748: 3736: 3734: 3725: 3724: 3718:Jack Anderson ( 3716: 3712: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3664: 3652: 3650: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3626: 3625: 3611: 3604: 3592: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3574: 3572: 3559:Falk, Richard ( 3557: 3553: 3543: 3535:|location= 3534: 3530: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3507: 3506: 3496:Falk, Richard ( 3494: 3490: 3483: 3479: 3467: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3449: 3447: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3418: 3416: 3407: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3380: 3376: 3355: 3351: 3339: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3319: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3269: 3258: 3256: 3247: 3246: 3240: 3238: 3213: 3211: 3202: 3201: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3165: 3163: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3117: 3115: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3072: 3070: 3061: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3027: 3025: 3016: 3015: 3009: 3007: 2995: 2984: 2982: 2973: 2972: 2966: 2964: 2952: 2941: 2939: 2930: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2896: 2894: 2884: 2880: 2879: 2870: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2849: 2838: 2836: 2827: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2809:Ball, Matthew ( 2804: 2800: 2796: 2784: 2737: 2688:, allegedly by 2662: 2636: 2630: 2593: 2582: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2552: 2512: 2505: 2492:mass executions 2474: 2467: 2417:anti-insurgency 2386: 2371:Melo Commission 2344: 2337: 2328: 2321: 2289: 2286: 2273: 2270: 2258: 2255: 2209: 2204: 2187: 2181: 2161:state terrorism 2153:Richard A. Falk 2134:. He writes in 2124:Just War Theory 2115:is head of the 2072:Empire of Japan 2068:nuclear attacks 2057: 2047: 2036: 2023: 2019: 2012: 1954:cleric, Sheikh 1944: 1921: 1786:In April 2007, 1784: 1711: 1677: 1573: 1570: 1551: 1492: 1487: 1471: 1465: 1439:cigarette burns 1408: 1402: 1257:Robert E. White 1247: 1244: 1192: 1182: 1179: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1131: 1128: 1023: 1017: 959: 956: 885: 882: 859: 781:Felix Rodriguez 709: 670:John F. Kennedy 661: 590:, President of 588:Ricardo Alarcón 561:Robert McNamara 547:A secret plan, 545: 485:Edward Lansdale 480: 477: 468: 463: 450: 406: 400: 380: 375: 363:state terrorism 341:state terrorism 326: 315: 314: 279: 275: 264: 242: 232: 213: 194: 193:(No difference) 187: 182: 175: 170: 169: 168: 164: 162: 134: 132: 127: 121: 113: 111:← Previous edit 108: 99: 97: 92: 91: 90: 86: 84: 56: 54: 49: 43: 34: 29:← Previous edit 26: 25: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8601: 8591: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8566: 8565: 8532:978-0742537217 8531: 8514: 8469: 8422: 8415: 8372: 8351: 8309:Pilger, John ( 8306: 8299: 8251:978-0742523913 8250: 8233: 8196: 8183: 8177: 8164: 8158: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8137: 8126: 8113: 8102: 8092: 8088:Deutsche Welle 8076: 8065: 8054: 8040: 8025: 8014: 8003: 7989: 7978: 7957: 7933: 7908: 7894: 7880: 7864: 7847: 7818: 7798: 7784: 7764: 7743: 7729: 7715: 7708: 7690: 7628: 7618: 7564:Selden, Mark ( 7556: 7528: 7510: 7490: 7469:|journal= 7428: 7381: 7330: 7259: 7213: 7166: 7152: 7148:Worldpress.org 7146:Paul Cochrane 7136: 7119: 7101: 7082: 7066: 7009:New York Times 6995: 6973: 6951: 6927: 6899: 6877: 6863: 6839: 6816: 6805: 6786: 6762: 6734: 6711: 6689: 6660: 6639: 6618: 6585: 6574: 6563: 6552: 6541: 6530: 6519: 6487: 6463: 6452: 6438: 6424: 6412: 6403:|journal= 6352: 6342: 6333: 6322: 6313: 6304: 6295: 6286: 6277: 6268: 6259: 6250: 6241: 6232: 6223: 6171: 6162: 6153: 6144: 6135: 6120: 6113: 6095: 6086: 6076: 6067: 6058: 6049: 6040: 6031: 6022: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5984: 5971: 5962: 5951: 5942: 5933: 5917: 5851: 5836: 5823: 5771: 5724: 5710: 5689: 5677: 5662: 5653: 5642: 5633: 5622: 5611: 5600: 5579: 5565: 5544:|article= 5522: 5501:|article= 5479: 5459: 5457:McClintock 61. 5450: 5448:McClintock 54. 5441: 5439:McClintock 75. 5432: 5423: 5414: 5412:McClintock 33. 5405: 5396: 5383: 5362: 5349: 5309: 5295: 5282:Robert Parry. 5274: 5261: 5237: 5180: 5144:"Noam Chomsky" 5134:Hansen, Suzy ( 5126: 5115:middlebury.edu 5102: 5082: 5057: 5027: 4989: 4987:June 27, 1986. 4976: 4963: 4944: 4929: 4915: 4879: 4870: 4861: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4810: 4771: 4747: 4711: 4697: 4686: 4669: 4657: 4643: 4628: 4600: 4582: 4567: 4565:. The Nation. 4555: 4531: 4511: 4493: 4466: 4410: 4387: 4368: 4340: 4322: 4310: 4298: 4289: 4274: 4252: 4243: 4231: 4180: 4127: 4076: 4033:Landau, Saul ( 4022: 4001: 3979: 3926: 3876: 3826: 3810: 3801: 3792: 3783: 3774: 3765: 3756: 3746: 3710: 3700: 3691: 3681: 3672: 3662: 3623:(25): 873–892. 3602: 3551: 3488: 3477: 3428: 3374: 3349: 3317:Monthly Review 3292: 3283: 3281: 3280: 3274:. 2003-12-09. 3267: 3222: 3174: 3148:978-0275979522 3147: 3126: 3081: 3036: 2993: 2950: 2905: 2847: 2805:More details: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2790: 2783: 2782:External links 2780: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2712: 2701: 2678: 2661: 2658: 2632:Main article: 2629: 2626: 2617:New York Times 2607: 2606: 2595: 2594: 2572: 2570: 2563: 2557: 2556:Opposing views 2554: 2523:extra-judicial 2503: 2488:disappearances 2465: 2451:Stephen Hadley 2428:Reality of Aid 2385: 2384:US involvement 2382: 2335: 2319: 2284: 2268: 2253: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2182:Richard Falk, 2179: 2145:and author of 2106:Michael Walzer 2053:Main article: 2049: 2048: 2026: 2024: 2017: 2011: 2008: 1943: 1942:Lebanon (1985) 1940: 1926:New York Times 1920: 1919:Iraq (1992-95) 1917: 1844:European Union 1828:European Union 1802:and its base, 1783: 1780: 1710: 1707: 1676: 1673: 1586:Latin American 1568: 1550: 1549:US involvement 1547: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1467:Main article: 1464: 1461: 1450:Héctor Gramajo 1416:Roman Catholic 1404:Main article: 1401: 1398: 1335:Chester Atkins 1242: 1212:Castillo Armas 1191: 1190:US involvement 1188: 1177: 1161: 1158: 1153: 1150: 1126: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1019:Main article: 1016: 1013: 954: 891:government in 881: 878: 858: 857:US allegations 855: 816:New York Times 787:supplying the 785:Richard Secord 708: 705: 660: 657: 569:Guantanamo Bay 544: 541: 501:Miami, Florida 476: 473: 467: 464: 462: 459: 449: 446: 403:Monthly Review 398: 384:George W. Bush 379: 376: 374: 371: 328: 327: 283: 282: 280: 273: 266: 265: 239:protection log 216: 214: 207: 201: 196: 195: 192: 189: 188: 163: 146: 145: 130: 114: 85: 68: 67: 52: 27: 23: 22: 14: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8600: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8562: 8555: 8542: 8534: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8515: 8511: 8498: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8470: 8466: 8453: 8439: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8396: 8383: 8375: 8373:9780275931407 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8352: 8348: 8335: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8307: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8285: 8273: 8261: 8253: 8247: 8243: 8239: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8219: 8207: 8199: 8193: 8189: 8184: 8180: 8178:9780896083349 8174: 8170: 8165: 8161: 8159:9780745609317 8155: 8151: 8146: 8145: 8135: 8130: 8123: 8117: 8111: 8106: 8096: 8089: 8086:DW-WORLD.DE, 8085: 8080: 8074: 8069: 8063: 8058: 8050: 8044: 8037: 8034: 8029: 8023: 8018: 8012: 8007: 8001: 7996: 7994: 7987: 7982: 7967: 7961: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7923: 7919: 7912: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7887: 7885: 7878: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7861: 7857: 7851: 7843: 7837: 7834: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7808: 7802: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7753: 7747: 7739: 7733: 7725: 7719: 7711: 7705: 7701: 7694: 7686: 7674: 7661: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7632: 7622: 7614: 7602: 7589: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7560: 7552: 7539: 7531: 7525: 7521: 7514: 7500: 7494: 7486: 7474: 7461: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7424: 7408: 7394: 7388: 7386: 7377: 7361: 7348: 7340: 7334: 7326: 7314: 7302: 7286: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7263: 7255: 7250:|volume= 7244: 7232: 7224: 7217: 7209: 7204:|volume= 7197: 7189: 7185: 7180:Reviewed at: 7177: 7170: 7164: 7159: 7157: 7149: 7145: 7140: 7132: 7126: 7124: 7115: 7108: 7106: 7098: 7094: 7089: 7087: 7080: 7076: 7070: 7062: 7055: 7043: 7031: 7018: 7010: 7006: 6999: 6984: 6977: 6962: 6955: 6948: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6903: 6888: 6881: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6850: 6843: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6820: 6814: 6809: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6766: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6715: 6709: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6693: 6685: 6679: 6671: 6664: 6649: 6643: 6635: 6628: 6622: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6599:CNN website, 6596: 6589: 6583: 6578: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6556: 6550: 6545: 6539: 6534: 6528: 6523: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6496: 6491: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6456: 6448: 6442: 6434: 6428: 6421: 6416: 6408: 6396: 6383: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6356: 6346: 6337: 6331: 6326: 6317: 6308: 6299: 6290: 6281: 6272: 6263: 6254: 6245: 6236: 6227: 6219: 6203: 6190: 6182: 6175: 6166: 6157: 6148: 6139: 6131: 6124: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6099: 6090: 6080: 6071: 6062: 6053: 6044: 6035: 6026: 6017: 6008: 5999: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5975: 5966: 5960: 5955: 5946: 5937: 5930: 5927: 5921: 5913: 5897: 5885: 5880:|author= 5873: 5862: 5855: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5827: 5819: 5803: 5790: 5782: 5775: 5767: 5755: 5743: 5735: 5728: 5722: 5717: 5715: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5681: 5673: 5666: 5657: 5651: 5646: 5637: 5626: 5615: 5604: 5590: 5583: 5575: 5569: 5561: 5549: 5537: 5526: 5518: 5506: 5494: 5483: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5454: 5445: 5436: 5427: 5421:McSherry 134. 5418: 5409: 5400: 5393: 5387: 5372: 5366: 5359: 5353: 5345: 5328: 5320: 5313: 5305: 5299: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5265: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5233: 5220: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5189:Chomsky, Noam 5184: 5176: 5163: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5092: 5086: 5078: 5071: 5064: 5062: 5055: 5044: 5040: 5034: 5032: 5022: 5016: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4993: 4986: 4980: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951:R.J. Rummel, 4948: 4941: 4940: 4933: 4926: 4925: 4919: 4911: 4898: 4890: 4883: 4874: 4865: 4856: 4847: 4838: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4806: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4780:Blum, William 4775: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4743: 4730: 4722: 4715: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4690: 4684:, May 8, 2007 4683: 4682: 4678: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4653: 4647: 4640: 4635: 4633: 4624: 4611: 4603: 4597: 4593: 4586: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4521: 4515: 4508: 4502: 4497: 4481: 4477: 4470: 4461: 4456:|author= 4445: 4429: 4421: 4414: 4400: 4394: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4373: 4364: 4351: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4319: 4314: 4307: 4302: 4293: 4286: 4281: 4279: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4247: 4241:Miami Herald 4240: 4235: 4227: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4187: 4185: 4176: 4163: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4123: 4110: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4072: 4059: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4027: 4011: 4005: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3962: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3922: 3905: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3880: 3872: 3855: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3823: 3822:Class Warfare 3819: 3814: 3805: 3796: 3787: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3750: 3742: 3729: 3721: 3714: 3704: 3695: 3685: 3676: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3646: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3609: 3607: 3598: 3585: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3555: 3547: 3540: 3524: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3485: 3481: 3473: 3460: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3424: 3411: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3353: 3345: 3332: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3297: 3287: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3251: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3219: 3206: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3158: 3150: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3110: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3065: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3020: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2977: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2934: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2890: 2874: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2831: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2729: 2725: 2722:, a militant 2721: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2578: 2573:This article 2571: 2562: 2561: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2518: 2509: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2464: 2461: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2426:According to 2424: 2422: 2421:War on Terror 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2399: 2398:War on Terror 2395: 2391: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2341: 2334: 2325: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2283: 2278: 2267: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2185: 2178: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2056: 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Bulatlat. 7669:|date= 7597:|date= 7481:|name= 7419:|last= 7309:|date= 7026:|year= 6752:December 12 6727:December 21 6701:Yves Bonnet 6391:|date= 6362:February 24 5342:specified ( 5340:|page= 5228:|date= 5171:|date= 4974:Summer 2004 4359:|date= 4222:|date= 4193:September 3 4171:|date= 4118:|date= 4067:|date= 4035:February 13 3970:|date= 3917:|date= 3867:|date= 3737:|date= 3593:|date= 3531:|city= 3519:|year= 3468:|date= 3419:|date= 3340:|date= 3259:|date= 3214:|date= 3166:|date= 3131:November 30 3118:|date= 3073:|date= 3028:|date= 2985:|date= 2942:|date= 2897:|date= 2885:|last= 2839:|date= 2728:Afghanistan 2460:Fidel Ramos 2192:Hugo Chavez 2099:Howard Zinn 1931:Iyad Allawi 1867:December 12 1804:Camp Ashraf 1557:abuses and 1512:Sandinistas 1500:El Salvador 1324:massacres. 1321:Allan Nairn 1146:Soviet Bloc 987:El Salvador 921:MIM-23 Hawk 760:, Cuba and 716:Luis Posada 707:Luis Posada 674:Bay of Pigs 185:Next edit → 160:Rollbackers 123:view source 82:Rollbackers 45:view source 32:Next edit → 8572:Categories 8488:2007-07-09 8443:2007-07-09 8325:2007-07-09 8142:References 8038:March 2007 7972:2007-06-05 7927:2007-06-04 7812:2008-04-05 7758:2008-03-16 7754:. Bulatlat 7651:2008-01-30 7638:2005-08-08 7579:2008-01-30 7566:2002-09-09 7504:2008-01-30 7451:2007-07-11 7398:2008-01-30 7297:|url= 7269:2005-April 7190:. Vol. 18. 6989:2007-07-15 6985:. Newsweek 6967:2007-07-15 6893:2007-07-15 6854:2006-04-21 6798:February 2 6778:February 1 6654:2007-07-15 6612:2007-04-06 5704:2007-07-09 5594:2007-06-23 5377:2007-07-03 5289:2007-06-23 5255:2006-07-30 5210:2007-07-10 5153:2007-07-10 5136:January 16 5120:2006-09-05 5096:2007-07-09 5048:2006-07-30 5009:: 160–166. 4960:References 4828:2006-07-30 4765:2006-07-30 4694:CRS Report 4549:2008-01-08 4525:2007-07-09 4486:2007-01-20 4440:|url= 4404:2007-07-09 4402:Retrieved 4341:1875284850 4269:since the 4153:2007-07-10 4100:2007-07-10 4049:2007-07-10 4016:2007-07-10 3995:2007-07-10 3952:2007-02-02 3943:December 5 3893:01-05-2001 3843:04-30-2001 3720:1971-01-18 3641:|url= 3616:The Nation 3575:2007-07-10 3561:January 28 3450:2007-07-10 3445:2005-09-28 3401:2007-02-02 3322:2007-07-10 3305:November 6 3241:2007-07-09 3196:2007-07-09 3100:2007-07-09 3055:2007-07-09 3010:2008-02-07 2967:2008-02-14 2924:2007-07-09 2864:2008-02-14 2855:November 7 2821:2008-02-14 2718:attack by 2601:See also: 2577:unbalanced 2542:Abu Sayyaf 2295:Bayan Muna 2207:Background 2111:Professor 2097:Historian 2061:historians 2031:unbalanced 1972:government 1902:Bob Filner 1860:30 January 1723:Brian Ross 1697:covert war 1490:Background 1435:gang-raped 1423:missionary 1319:, in 1995 1316:The Nation 1160:Background 1060:to order. 1046:Nicaraguan 996:Costa Rica 985:rebels in 889:Sandinista 870:, and the 797:Otto Reich 613:22 January 572:after the 454:mass media 442:Arno Mayer 290:improve it 8588:Terrorism 8541:cite book 8434:August 15 8405:ignored ( 8382:cite book 8260:cite book 8206:cite book 7842:help page 7660:cite news 7588:cite news 7549:ignored ( 7538:cite book 7483:ignored ( 7370:ignored ( 7358:ignored ( 7295:requires 7279:(2): 334. 7052:ignored ( 6832:August 15 6828:Tom Casey 6776:website, 6212:ignored ( 6200:ignored ( 5906:ignored ( 5812:ignored ( 5800:ignored ( 5742:cite book 5546:ignored ( 5536:cite news 5503:ignored ( 5493:cite news 5327:cite book 5148:Salon.com 4908:ignored ( 4850:Blum 305. 4841:Blum 293. 4792:cite book 4729:cite book 4621:ignored ( 4610:cite book 4454:ignored ( 4438:requires 4428:cite news 4350:cite book 3904:cite news 3854:cite news 3728:cite news 3639:requires 3533:ignored ( 3510:cite book 3504:. Dutton. 3459:cite news 3190:(Reprint) 3157:cite book 3096:. Seminar 2690:Hezbollah 2589:talk page 2539:terrorist 2367:Jose Melo 2311:Karapatan 2307:Anakbayan 2299:Anakpawis 2128:Terrorism 2043:talk page 1977:The U.S. 1719:Jundallah 1709:Jundullah 1650:El Mozote 1582:El Mozote 1427:Guatemala 925:Hezbollah 893:Nicaragua 762:Venezuela 609:Venezuela 415:Nicaragua 359:Terrorism 353:terrorism 346:terrorism 296:talk page 249:talk page 8497:cite web 8452:cite web 8356:August 7 8334:cite web 7417:missing 7407:cite web 7347:cite web 6940:Newsweek 6914:Decided 6678:citation 6476:ABC News 6189:cite web 5872:cite web 5789:cite web 5219:cite web 5162:cite web 4897:cite web 4782:(2003). 4213:cite web 4162:cite web 4109:cite web 4058:cite web 4012:. Granma 3991:. 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