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Lonnie R. Bristow: Difference between revisions

Source πŸ“

604:|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1frRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 |language=en |chapter=13. Missing persons}}</ref><ref name=Lowe2005>{{cite journal |last1=Lowe |first1=NK |title="In the nation's compelling interest" |journal=Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing |date=May 2005 |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=305 |doi=10.1111/j.1552-6909.2005.tb00346.x |pmid=15890827 |url=https://www.jognn.org/article/S0884-2175(15)34276-3/fulltext}}</ref><ref name=Sharby2006>{{cite journal |last1=Sharby |first1=Nancy |title=In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. |journal=Journal of Physical Therapy Education |date=Fall 2006 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=81 |doi=10.1097/00001416-200607000-00016 |pmid=25009857 |url=https://journals.lww.com/jopte/fulltext/2006/07000/in_the_nation_s_compelling_interest__ensuring.16.aspx |issn=0899-1855}}</ref> The report found that the medical workforce in the United States was not as diverse as the population it served.<ref name=Blagg2009>{{cite journal |last1=Blagg |first1=James D. |last2=Blagg |first2=Oneida D. |title=How compelling was the interest in ensuring diversity in the allied health sciences workforce? |journal=Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity |date=2009 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=29–46 |jstor=44868047 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44868047 |issn=2475-2843}}</ref><ref name=AHA2004>{{cite news |title=IOM seeks national commitment on broadening diversity |work=AHA News |volume=40|issue=3 |publisher=American Hospital Association |date=9 February 2004 |pages=1, 3 |language=En}}</ref> The document adds to evidence that calls for greater racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals, with the aim of improving access to care for racial and ethnic minorities.<ref name=Sharby2006/><ref name=Blagg2009/> In 2005 he was chosen to chair a committee established to assess the medical needs of disabled veterans.<ref name=MME2009/> It resulted in the 2007 ''A 21st Century System for Evaluating Veteran's Disability Benefits''.<ref name=MME2009/> He has also written on the UK's and Canada's ], American health-care financing, problems with professional liability insurance, and the usage of cardiac care units.<ref name=Smed2004>{{cite journal |last1=Smedley |first1=Brian D. |last2=Butler |first2=Adrienne Stith |last3=Bristow |first3=Lonnie R. |title=Committee and Staff Biographies |journal=In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce |date=2004 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216001/ |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |language=en}}</ref> 592:|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1frRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 |language=en |chapter=13. Missing persons}}</ref><ref name=Lowe2005>{{cite journal |last1=Lowe |first1=NK |title="In the nation's compelling interest" |journal=Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing |date=May 2005 |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=305 |doi=10.1111/j.1552-6909.2005.tb00346.x |pmid=15890827 |url=https://www.jognn.org/article/S0884-2175(15)34276-3/fulltext}}</ref><ref name=Sharby2006>{{cite journal |last1=Sharby |first1=Nancy |title=In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce. |journal=Journal of Physical Therapy Education |date=Fall 2006 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=81 |doi=10.1097/00001416-200607000-00016 |pmid=25009857 |url=https://journals.lww.com/jopte/fulltext/2006/07000/in_the_nation_s_compelling_interest__ensuring.16.aspx |issn=0899-1855}}</ref> The report found that the medical workforce in the United States was not as diverse as the population it served.<ref name=Blagg2009>{{cite journal |last1=Blagg |first1=James D. |last2=Blagg |first2=Oneida D. |title=How compelling was the interest in ensuring diversity in the allied health sciences workforce? |journal=Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity |date=2009 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=29–46 |jstor=44868047 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44868047 |issn=2475-2843}}</ref><ref name=AHA2004>{{cite news |title=IOM seeks national commitment on broadening diversity |work=AHA News |volume=40|issue=3 |publisher=American Hospital Association |date=9 February 2004 |pages=1, 3 |language=En}}</ref> The document adds to evidence that calls for greater racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals, with the aim of improving access to care for racial and ethnic minorities.<ref name=Sharby2006/><ref name=Blagg2009/> In 2005 he was chosen to chair a committee established to assess the medical needs of disabled veterans.<ref name=MME2009/> It resulted in the 2007 ''A 21st Century System for Evaluating Veteran's Disability Benefits''.<ref name=MME2009/> He has also written on the UK's and Canada's ], American health-care financing, problems with professional liability insurance, and the usage of cardiac care units.<ref name=Smed2004>{{cite journal |last1=Smedley |first1=Brian D. |last2=Butler |first2=Adrienne Stith |last3=Bristow |first3=Lonnie R. |title=Committee and Staff Biographies |journal=In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce |date=2004 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216001/ |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |language=en}}</ref> 384:
name=Cetina2015>{{cite book |last1=Duster |first1=Troy |title=Advances in Social Theory and Methodology (RLE Social Theory): Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-72731-0 |editor1-last=Cetina |editor1-first=Karin Knorr |location=New York |pages=125–127 |language=en |chapter=3. Intermediate steps between micro- and macro-integration: the case for screening for inherited disorders |quote=Bristow noted many difficulties with mass sickle cell tests: It’s not always possible to determine β€œwho is black or how black is black,” he said. |editor2-last=Cicourel |editor2-first=A. V. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sANUBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126}}</ref> Bristow, an advocate for widespread voluntary testing for ], and having been president of the California Society of Internal Medicine since 1974, was appointed to lead a committee established to re-draft the rules.<ref name=Cetina2015/><ref name=Duster2003>{{cite book |last1=Duster |first1=Troy|author-link=Troy Duster |title=Backdoor to Eugenics |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=0-203-42695-9 |page=49 |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzuUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49 |language=en |chapter=3. The genetic screening of target populations}}</ref> He had noted problems in the policy of mandatory testing of all black people, saying at a press conference that "who is black or how black is black" is not always clear.<ref name=Cetina2015/><ref name=Duster2003/> He also criticized the screening programs for providing inappropriate counselling.<ref name=Libman1985/> One problem he highlighted was that it could lead to the racial status providing grounds to increase insurance premiums.<ref name=Cetina2015/>
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name=Cetina2015>{{cite book |last1=Duster |first1=Troy |title=Advances in Social Theory and Methodology (RLE Social Theory): Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-72731-0 |editor1-last=Cetina |editor1-first=Karin Knorr |location=New York |pages=125–127 |language=en |chapter=3. Intermediate steps between micro- and macro-integration: the case for screening for inherited disorders |quote=Bristow noted many difficulties with mass sickle cell tests: It’s not always possible to determine β€œwho is black or how black is black,” he said. |editor2-last=Cicourel |editor2-first=A. V. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sANUBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126}}</ref> Bristow, an advocate for widespread voluntary testing for ], and having been president of the California Society of Internal Medicine since 1974, was appointed to lead a committee established to re-draft the rules.<ref name=Cetina2015/><ref name=Duster2003>{{cite book |last1=Duster |first1=Troy|author-link=Troy Duster |title=Backdoor to Eugenics |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=0-203-42695-9 |page=49 |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzuUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49 |language=en |chapter=3. The genetic screening of target populations}}</ref> He had noted problems in the policy of mandatory testing of all black people, saying at a press conference that "who is black or how black is black" is not always clear.<ref name=Cetina2015/><ref name=Duster2003/> He also criticized the screening programs for providing inappropriate counselling.<ref name=Libman1985/> One problem he highlighted was that it could lead to the racial status providing grounds to increase insurance premiums.<ref name=Cetina2015/>
288:|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/bristow-lonnie-1930 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226123802/https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/bristow-lonnie-1930 |archive-date=26 December 2023 |accessdate=November 25, 2023 |work=Contemporary Black Biography}}</ref><ref name="past">{{cite web |last=Miyamoto Walters |first=Melody M. |date=November 22, 2010 |title=Lonnie Bristow (1930- ) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/bristow-lonnie-1930/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226122652/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/bristow-lonnie-1930/ |archive-date=26 December 2023 |accessdate=November 25, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> He was inspired by visits to his mother at her workplace to enter the medical profession.<ref name=enc/> He later recounted that "one of the things that most impressed me in those visits was the realization that many cultures were represented on the staff."<ref name=enc/> He attended ] in ], Georgia, for two years, followed by a four year enrollment in the ], before returning to his studies.<ref name=enc/><ref name=past/> He graduated from the ] with a bachelor's degree in 1953 and received his medical degree from the ] in 1957.<ref name=Ostrom2023>{{Cite book | 268:|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/bristow-lonnie-1930 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226123802/https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/bristow-lonnie-1930 |archive-date=26 December 2023 |accessdate=November 25, 2023 |work=Contemporary Black Biography}}</ref><ref name="past">{{cite web |last=Miyamoto Walters |first=Melody M. |date=November 22, 2010 |title=Lonnie Bristow (1930- ) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/bristow-lonnie-1930/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226122652/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/bristow-lonnie-1930/ |archive-date=26 December 2023 |accessdate=November 25, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> He was inspired by visits to his mother at her workplace to enter the medical profession.<ref name=enc/> He later recounted that "one of the things that most impressed me in those visits was the realization that many cultures were represented on the staff."<ref name=enc/> He attended ] in ], Georgia, for two years, followed by a four year enrollment in the ], before returning to his studies.<ref name=enc/><ref name=past/> He graduated from the ] with a bachelor's degree in 1953 and received his medical degree from the ] in 1957.<ref name=Ostrom2023>{{Cite book | 600:
Regarding Dual Loyalties: Workshop Summary |date=2009 |publisher=National Academies Press |location=Washington DC |isbn=978-0-309-12663-2 |page=59 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6RO55U16YoC&pg=PA59 |language=en |chapter=Appendix D}}</ref> He co-founded, with ], the Sullivan Commission, an initiative to encourage diversity within the medical profession.<ref name=Rose2011>{{cite book |last1=Rose |first1=Patti R. |title=Cultural Competency for Health Administration and Public Health |date=2011 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers |location=Sudbury, Massachusetts |isbn=978-0-7637-6164-6 |pages=117–118 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYDlBHTpLEoC&pg=PA117 |language=en |chapter=10. The ultimate challenge; educational and institutional considerations- the Sullivan Commission}}</ref> Following the publication of ''Missing Persons'', he led and co-authored the IOM's '']'', published in 2004.<ref name=Sullivan2014>{{cite book |last1=Sullivan |first1=Louis Wade |last2=Chanoff |first2=David |title=Breaking Ground: My Life in Medicine |date=2014 |publisher=University of Georgia Press |isbn=978-0-8203-4663-2 |pages=
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Regarding Dual Loyalties: Workshop Summary |date=2009 |publisher=National Academies Press |location=Washington DC |isbn=978-0-309-12663-2 |page=59 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6RO55U16YoC&pg=PA59 |language=en |chapter=Appendix D}}</ref> He co-founded, with ], the Sullivan Commission, an initiative to encourage diversity within the medical profession.<ref name=Rose2011>{{cite book |last1=Rose |first1=Patti R. |title=Cultural Competency for Health Administration and Public Health |date=2011 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers |location=Sudbury, Massachusetts |isbn=978-0-7637-6164-6 |pages=117–118 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYDlBHTpLEoC&pg=PA117 |language=en |chapter=10. The ultimate challenge; educational and institutional considerations- the Sullivan Commission}}</ref> Following the publication of ''Missing Persons'', he led and co-authored the IOM's '']'', published in 2004.<ref name=Sullivan2014>{{cite book |last1=Sullivan |first1=Louis Wade |last2=Chanoff |first2=David |title=Breaking Ground: My Life in Medicine |date=2014 |publisher=University of Georgia Press |isbn=978-0-8203-4663-2 |pages=
354:/books?id=JpdB2p5g1F0C&pg=PA82 |work=] |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |date=August 1995 |pages=82, 85 |language=en}}</ref> He completed his ] at the University of California Berkeley Hospital.<ref name=enc/><ref name=gate>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lonnie-Bristow-The-new-head-of-the-American-3025683.php|title=Lonnie Bristow / The new head of the American Medical Association talks about the failure of health care reform, insurance company profiteering and proposed cuts in Medicare|work=]|date=August 20, 1995|accessdate=November 25, 2023|first=Sabin|last=Russell|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221073043/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lonnie-Bristow-The-new-head-of-the-American-3025683.php|archive-date=21 December 2023}}</ref> In 1964, he established a private practice in ], as an ] with a special interest in ], ] and HIV/AIDS.<ref name=Ostrom2023/> Having been affiliated with the ] (AMA) since 1958, he joined it in 1970, two years after the AMA began to admit Black physicians.<ref name=past/><ref name=Ostrom2023/> 342:/books?id=JpdB2p5g1F0C&pg=PA82 |work=] |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |date=August 1995 |pages=82, 85 |language=en}}</ref> He completed his ] at the University of California Berkeley Hospital.<ref name=enc/><ref name=gate>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lonnie-Bristow-The-new-head-of-the-American-3025683.php|title=Lonnie Bristow / The new head of the American Medical Association talks about the failure of health care reform, insurance company profiteering and proposed cuts in Medicare|work=]|date=August 20, 1995|accessdate=November 25, 2023|first=Sabin|last=Russell|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221073043/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lonnie-Bristow-The-new-head-of-the-American-3025683.php|archive-date=21 December 2023}}</ref> In 1964, he established a private practice in ], as an ] with a special interest in ], ] and HIV/AIDS.<ref name=Ostrom2023/> Having been affiliated with the ] (AMA) since 1958, he joined it in 1970, two years after the AMA began to admit Black physicians.<ref name=past/><ref name=Ostrom2023/> 462:
University Press |isbn=978-0-300-25740-3 |pages=462–463 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IK9FEAAAQBAJ&dq=sickle+lonnie+bristow&pg=PA462 |language=en |chapter=15. A new medical progressivism}}</ref> At the time, he told the press that he wanted to show that "competence is not determined by skin color",<ref name=Libman1985>{{cite news |last1=Libman |first1=Gary |title=First Black on AMA Board Makes His Mark : Dr. Lonnie Bristow Sees Trustee's Role as an Opportunity to Improve the Lot of Minorities |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-12-vw-4140-story.html |access-date=28 January 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=12 August 1985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128044414/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-12-vw-4140-story.html |archive-date=28 January 2024}}</ref> and that he would advocate for better health care for minorities.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Medicine: Quality health care for minorities major concern for AMA's first black trustee |journal=Jet |date=8 July 1985 |page=29 |url=https://books.google.
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University Press |isbn=978-0-300-25740-3 |pages=462–463 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IK9FEAAAQBAJ&dq=sickle+lonnie+bristow&pg=PA462 |language=en |chapter=15. A new medical progressivism}}</ref> At the time, he told the press that he wanted to show that "competence is not determined by skin color",<ref name=Libman1985>{{cite news |last1=Libman |first1=Gary |title=First Black on AMA Board Makes His Mark : Dr. Lonnie Bristow Sees Trustee's Role as an Opportunity to Improve the Lot of Minorities |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-12-vw-4140-story.html |access-date=28 January 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=12 August 1985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128044414/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-12-vw-4140-story.html |archive-date=28 January 2024}}</ref> and that he would advocate for better health care for minorities.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Medicine: Quality health care for minorities major concern for AMA's first black trustee |journal=Jet |date=8 July 1985 |page=29 |url=https://books.google.
957:, and having been president of the California Society of Internal Medicine since 1974, was appointed to lead a committee established to re-draft the rules. He had noted problems in the policy of mandatory testing of all black people, saying at a press conference that "who is black or how black is black" is not always clear. He also criticized the screening programs for providing inappropriate counselling. One problem he highlighted was that it could lead to the racial status providing grounds to increase insurance premiums. 486:/books?id=7MsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25 |access-date=28 January 2024 |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |date=March 1994 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Priest1993>{{cite news |last1=Priest |first1=Dana |last2=Weisskopf |first2=Michael |title=AMA Split on Clinton health plan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/12/06/ama-split-on-clinton-health-plan/97c9f379-c9c0-4467-b991-b7bc8f8839c5/ |access-date=28 January 2024 | 450:/books?id=7MsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25 |access-date=28 January 2024 |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |date=March 1994 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Priest1993>{{cite news |last1=Priest |first1=Dana |last2=Weisskopf |first2=Michael |title=AMA Split on Clinton health plan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/12/06/ama-split-on-clinton-health-plan/97c9f379-c9c0-4467-b991-b7bc8f8839c5/ |access-date=28 January 2024 | 474:|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |language=en}}</ref> During his tenure as Chair of the AMA Board of Trustees, it was successful in obtaining partial AMA support for the ].<ref name=Williams2020>{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Richard Allen |title=Outstanding Black Physicians and Other Health Professionals in American History |journal=Blacks in Medicine |date=25 April 2020 |pages=97–154 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-41960-8_6 | 438:|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |language=en}}</ref> During his tenure as Chair of the AMA Board of Trustees, it was successful in obtaining partial AMA support for the ].<ref name=Williams2020>{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Richard Allen |title=Outstanding Black Physicians and Other Health Professionals in American History |journal=Blacks in Medicine |date=25 April 2020 |pages=97–154 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-41960-8_6 | 1032:, published in 2004. The report found that the medical workforce in the United States was not as diverse as the population it served. The document adds to evidence that calls for greater racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals, with the aim of improving access to care for racial and ethnic minorities. In 2005 he was chosen to chair a committee established to assess the medical needs of disabled veterans. It resulted in the 2007 68: 566:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231052933/https://www.chicagotribune.com/ |archive-date=31 December 2023 |accessdate=November 25, 2023 |work=]}}</ref> He has consulted on numerous health issues in different organizations, including serving on advisory committees for the ] on smoking (1987–1994) and ] (1989–1993).<ref name=enc/> He was elected to the ] in 1977.<ref name=enc/> 558:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231052933/https://www.chicagotribune.com/ |archive-date=31 December 2023 |accessdate=November 25, 2023 |work=]}}</ref> He has consulted on numerous health issues in different organizations, including serving on advisory committees for the ] on smoking (1987–1994) and ] (1989–1993).<ref name=enc/> He was elected to the ] in 1977.<ref name=enc/> 536:|language=en}}</ref> As AMA president, he headed the introduction of questions on ] into medical board exams and encouraged education about ].<ref name=Ostrom2023/> He had previously been a member of with the Centers for Disease Control Advisory Committee on the Prevention of HIV Infection, and the Quadrennial Advisory Council on Social Security.<ref name=enc/> 520:|language=en}}</ref> As AMA president, he headed the introduction of questions on ] into medical board exams and encouraged education about ].<ref name=Ostrom2023/> He had previously been a member of with the Centers for Disease Control Advisory Committee on the Prevention of HIV Infection, and the Quadrennial Advisory Council on Social Security.<ref name=enc/> 969:, Bristow was elected onto the AMA board of trustees. At the time, he told the press that he wanted to show that "competence is not determined by skin color", and that he would advocate for better health care for minorities. During his tenure as Chair of the AMA Board of Trustees, it was successful in obtaining partial AMA support for the 1061:
The California Medical Action Committee awarded Bristow their Award of Excellence in 1976. The following year he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1989, he received the Contra Costa County Humanitarian of the Year award, and the following year received
599:
Bristow was a member of the Quality of Healthcare in America Committee of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which published ''To Err is Human'' in 1999, and ''Crossing the Quality Chasm'' in 2001.<ref name=MME2009>{{cite book |author=Institute of Medicine|title=Military Medical Ethics: Issues
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Bristow was a member of the Quality of Healthcare in America Committee of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which published ''To Err is Human'' in 1999, and ''Crossing the Quality Chasm'' in 2001.<ref name=MME2009>{{cite book |author=Institute of Medicine|title=Military Medical Ethics: Issues
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In June 1995 Bristow became president of the AMA.<ref name=past/> This made him the first ] president of the AMA in its 148 year history.<ref name=enc/><ref name=Priest1993/><ref name=Jones1994>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Joyce |title=Speechmaker or catalyst for change
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In June 1995 Bristow became president of the AMA.<ref name=past/> This made him the first ] president of the AMA in its 148 year history.<ref name=enc/><ref name=Priest1993/><ref name=Jones1994>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Joyce |title=Speechmaker or catalyst for change
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In 1985, following a protest by around 200 medical students led by ], Bristow was elected onto the AMA board of trustees.<ref name=Swenson2021>{{cite book |last1=Swenson |first1=Peter A. |title=Disorder: A History of Reform, Reaction, and Money in American Medicine |date=2021 |publisher=Yale
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In 1985, following a protest by around 200 medical students led by ], Bristow was elected onto the AMA board of trustees.<ref name=Swenson2021>{{cite book |last1=Swenson |first1=Peter A. |title=Disorder: A History of Reform, Reaction, and Money in American Medicine |date=2021 |publisher=Yale
952:
Before universal testing of newborns, and two years after drafting of a California state policy to "detect, as early as possible, sickle cell anaemia", it was announced that it would be enforced, with the requirement to test "all black hospital patients in California". Bristow, an advocate for
296:=Hans |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbvOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |title=Forgotten African American Firsts: An Encyclopedia of Pioneering History |last2=Jr |first2=J. David Macey |date=2023 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-4408-7536-6 |location=California |pages= 276:=Hans |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbvOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |title=Forgotten African American Firsts: An Encyclopedia of Pioneering History |last2=Jr |first2=J. David Macey |date=2023 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-4408-7536-6 |location=California |pages= 383:
Before universal testing of newborns, and two years after drafting of a California state policy to "detect, as early as possible, sickle cell anaemia", it was announced that it would be enforced, with the requirement to test "all black hospital patients in California".<ref
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Before universal testing of newborns, and two years after drafting of a California state policy to "detect, as early as possible, sickle cell anaemia", it was announced that it would be enforced, with the requirement to test "all black hospital patients in California".<ref
349:
Bristow completed his ] in 1958 at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in San Francisco and New York's ], Columbia University.<ref name=Ostrom2023/><ref name=Jones1995>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Lisa C. |title=New American Medical Association president
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Bristow completed his ] in 1958 at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in San Francisco and New York's ], Columbia University.<ref name=Ostrom2023/><ref name=Jones1995>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Lisa C. |title=New American Medical Association president
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Bristow was the first black president of the ], elected in 1981.<ref name=Gura1994>{{cite web |last=Gura |first=Trisha |date=June 13, 1994 |title=AMA Elects 1st Black President |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-06-13-9406140014-story.html
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Bristow was the first black president of the ], elected in 1981.<ref name=Gura1994>{{cite web |last=Gura |first=Trisha |date=June 13, 1994 |title=AMA Elects 1st Black President |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-06-13-9406140014-story.html
170: 889:. He was inspired by visits to his mother at her workplace to enter the medical profession. He later recounted that "one of the things that most impressed me in those visits was the realization that many cultures were represented on the staff." He attended 1048:
Bristow was married to Margaret Jeter from 1957 to 1961, when they divorced. That year he married Marilyn Hingslage, a nurse; she died in 2017. He has three children, one from his first marriage and two from the second. His son, Robert Bristow, is an
60: 287:
Lonnie Bristow was born in 1930 in ], New York City, to Lonnie Harlis Bristow, a ] minister, and Vivian Wines Bristow, a nurse at ].<ref name="enc">{{cite web |last=Lesinski |first=Jeanne M. |title=Bristow, Lonnie 1930β€”
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Lonnie Bristow was born in 1930 in ], New York City, to Lonnie Harlis Bristow, a ] minister, and Vivian Wines Bristow, a nurse at ].<ref name="enc">{{cite web |last=Lesinski |first=Jeanne M. |title=Bristow, Lonnie 1930β€”
2131: 2089: 1028: 15: 988:. He had previously been a member of with the Centers for Disease Control Advisory Committee on the Prevention of HIV Infection, and the Quadrennial Advisory Council on Social Security. 2138: 3321: 2607: 2285: 2866: 1496:"Lonnie Bristow / The new head of the American Medical Association talks about the failure of health care reform, insurance company profiteering and proposed cuts in Medicare" 2303: 2237: 209:
Alter: pages, url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: newspaper, isbn, pmc, authors 1-1. Removed proxy/dead URL that duplicated identifier. Removed parameters. Formatted
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Todd, J. S.; Rennie, D.; McAfee, R. E.; Bristow, L. R.; Painter, J. T.; Reardon, T. R.; Johnson, D. H.; Corlin, R. F.; Coble, Y. D.; Dickey, N. W. (19 July 1995).
2099: 153: 3331: 3146: 3111: 3057: 2771: 2681: 2625: 2147: 3164: 2836: 2795: 2747: 2660: 2565: 3336: 3254: 2818: 2705: 2654: 2279: 3218: 3158: 3152: 3129: 3093: 3051: 3003: 2991: 2920: 2884: 2675: 2577: 2350: 861:, published in 2004. In 2005 he was chosen to chair a committee established to assess the medical needs of disabled veterans, which resulted in the 2007 3278: 3272: 3242: 3021: 3015: 2944: 2938: 2926: 2890: 2878: 2854: 2842: 2765: 2717: 2666: 2511: 2440: 2344: 3346: 3266: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3039: 3027: 3009: 2968: 2962: 2908: 2902: 2860: 2789: 2783: 2601: 2446: 2309: 2207: 1401: 3248: 3075: 2985: 2950: 2914: 2759: 2729: 2693: 2517: 2505: 2386: 2362: 2267: 2231: 2189: 2124: 1605: 3230: 3087: 2956: 2824: 2741: 2699: 2687: 2535: 2470: 2398: 2326: 2297: 1554:
Bristow noted many difficulties with mass sickle cell tests: It's not always possible to determine "who is black or how black is black," he said.
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Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Healthcare Workforce
2428: 2416: 2848: 1967: 995:, elected in 1981. He has consulted on numerous health issues in different organizations, including serving on advisory committees for the 1606:"First Black on AMA Board Makes His Mark : Dr. Lonnie Bristow Sees Trustee's Role as an Opportunity to Improve the Lot of Minorities" 90: 69: 28: 996: 3341: 1067: 857:
in 2001. He co-founded the Sullivan Commission; an initiative to encourage diversity within the medical profession, and co-authored
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en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiBsoCwpv-DAxV0UkEAHTkkBPEQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=lonnie%20bristow%20who%20is%20black&f=false
1371: 1505: 1908: 1879: 1850: 1703: 1648: 1547: 1457: 1302: 992: 708: 1022:, the Sullivan Commission, an initiative to encourage diversity within the medical profession. Following the publication of 1636: 1010:
Bristow was a member of the Quality of Healthcare in America Committee of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which published
123: 119: 161: 86: 127: 108: 1040:, American health-care financing, problems with professional liability insurance, and the usage of cardiac care units. 869:, American health-care financing, problems with professional liability insurance, and the usage of cardiac care units. 188: 1585: 849:
Bristow was a member of the Quality of Healthcare in America Committee of the Institute of Medicine, which published
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Advances in Social Theory and Methodology (RLE Social Theory): Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies
532:/books?id=nlwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18 |work=Black Enterprise |publisher=Earl G. Graves, Ltd. |date=October 1994 |pages= 516:/books?id=nlwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18 |work=Black Enterprise |publisher=Earl G. Graves, Ltd. |date=October 1994 |pages= 970: 97: 177: 3081: 1810: 1800: 1536:"3. Intermediate steps between micro- and macro-integration: the case for screening for inherited disorders" 3326: 2151: 1063: 1004: 980:
president of the AMA in its 148 year history. As AMA president, he headed the introduction of questions on
946: 811: 701: 1411: 2201: 1613: 2613: 2171: 1050: 3188: 1868:"10. The ultimate challenge; educational and institutional considerations- the Sullivan Commission" 1071: 902: 681: 949:(AMA) since 1958, he joined it in 1970, two years after the AMA began to admit Black physicians. 3176: 3170: 2464: 2368: 2116: 1500: 929:
at the University of California Berkeley Hospital. In 1964, he established a private practice in
115: 104: 2018:"How compelling was the interest in ensuring diversity in the allied health sciences workforce?" 3311: 2261: 1925: 184: 1896: 1867: 1535: 1445: 1259: 2487: 1838: 1781: 1729: 1573: 1474: 938: 930: 918: 823: 815: 785: 63: 3306: 2553: 926: 482:}}</ref><ref name=Ebony1994>{{cite news |title=Ebony |url=https://books.google. 446:}}</ref><ref name=Ebony1994>{{cite news |title=Ebony |url=https://books.google. 2059:. Vol. 40, no. 3. American Hospital Association. 9 February 2004. pp. 1, 3. 1665:"Medicine: Quality health care for minorities major concern for AMA's first black trustee" 8: 2932: 2595: 2195: 2094: 1037: 954: 942: 866: 838:
president of the AMA in its 148 year history, he headed the introduction of questions on
827: 795: 3033: 2583: 2523: 2255: 2037: 1941: 1714: 1683: 1110: 1085: 898: 221:. | Suggested by Jay8g | Linked from User:Jay8g/sandbox | #UCB_webform_linked 2219/2376 1968:"In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce" 2711: 2571: 2541: 2338: 2213: 2165: 2029: 1995: 1987: 1983: 1945: 1904: 1875: 1846: 1699: 1644: 1581: 1543: 1453: 1308: 1298: 1271: 1263: 1230: 1222: 1218: 1189: 1181: 1148: 1140: 1115: 1097: 1019: 977: 922: 890: 886: 835: 831: 819: 769: 757: 717: 676: 2076:
In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
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In the Nation's Compelling Interest; Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
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California’s Most Distinguished Internist Award. He holds honorary doctorates from
894: 210: 16: 2291: 3284: 2896: 2801: 2723: 2452: 2273: 1805: 1684:"Outstanding Black Physicians and Other Health Professionals in American History" 921:
in 1958 at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in San Francisco and New York's
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Military Medical Ethics: Issues Regarding Dual Loyalties: Workshop Summary
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In June 1995 Bristow became president of the AMA. This made him the first
905:
with a bachelor's degree in 1953 and received his medical degree from the
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Forgotten African American Firsts: An Encyclopedia of Pioneering History
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Disorder: A History of Reform, Reaction, and Money in American Medicine
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Smedley, Brian D.; Butler, Adrienne Stith; Bristow, Lonnie R. (2004).
934: 897:, Georgia, for two years, followed by a four year enrollment in the 2243: 1294: 985: 965:
In 1985, following a protest by around 200 medical students led by
843: 300:|language=en |chapter=Medicine: Lonnie Robert Bristow}}</ref> 280:|language=en |chapter=Medicine: Lonnie Robert Bristow}}</ref> 2146: 1034:
A 21st Century System for Evaluating Veteran's Disability Benefits
863:
A 21st Century System for Evaluating Veteran's Disability Benefits
882: 810:(born 1930) is an American physician and former president of the 814:(AMA). In his early career he established a private practice in 1872:
Cultural Competency for Health Administration and Public Health
1203:"The Brown and Williamson documents. Where do we go from here?" 878: 662: 466:/books?id=iLQDAAAAMBAJ&dq=lonnie+bristow+who+is+black& 1452:. California: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 122–123. 1282: 213:. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | 2055:"IOM seeks national commitment on broadening diversity". 2022:
Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity
901:, before returning to his studies. He graduated from the 984:
into medical board exams and encouraged education about
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into medical board exams and encouraged education about
1930:
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing
1845:. Washington DC: National Academies Press. p. 59. 1200: 3322:
New York University Grossman School of Medicine alumni
51: 1836: 444:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182344/
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Priest, Dana; Weisskopf, Michael (6 December 1993).
490:=Washington Post |date=6 December 1993}}</ref> 454:=Washington Post |date=6 December 1993}}</ref> 1244:"Diversity and the road to the "land of best care"" 1538:. In Cetina, Karin Knorr; Cicourel, A. V. (eds.). 1283:Smedley, BD; Stith Butler, A; Bristow, LR (2004). 1133:The Bulletin of the American College of Physicians 1903:. University of Georgia Press. pp. 215–217. 1580:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 49. 1400:Miyamoto Walters, Melody M. (November 22, 2010). 3298: 1574:"3. The genetic screening of target populations" 1399: 1894: 1753: 1036:. He has also written on the UK's and Canada's 907:New York University Grossman School of Medicine 885:minister, and Vivian Wines Bristow, a nurse at 865:. He has also written on the UK's and Canada's 687:New York University Grossman School of Medicine 3332:Presidents of the American Medical Association 1671:. Johnson Publishing Company: 29. 8 July 1985. 1483:. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 82, 85. 945:and HIV/AIDS. Having been affiliated with the 2132: 1961: 1959: 1895:Sullivan, Louis Wade; Chanoff, David (2014). 1749: 1747: 1162:"AIDS and the response of organized medicine" 991:Bristow was the first black president of the 881:, New York City, to Lonnie Harlis Bristow, a 722:Promoting diversity in the medical profession 2011: 2009: 1888: 1675: 1599: 1597: 1564: 1562: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1475:"New American Medical Association president" 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 732:Assessing medical needs of disabled veterans 639:Latest revision as of 05:13, 3 February 2024 162:Latest revision as of 05:13, 3 February 2024 3337:Members of the National Academy of Medicine 1643:. Yale University Press. pp. 462–463. 1043: 872: 2139: 2125: 2016:Blagg, James D.; Blagg, Oneida D. (2009). 2015: 1956: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1744: 1628: 997:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 775:University of California Berkeley Hospital 2006: 1773: 1722: 1713: 1682:Williams, Richard Allen (25 April 2020). 1594: 1559: 1542:. New York: Routledge. pp. 125–127. 1520: 1444:Ostrom, Hans; Jr, J. David Macey (2023). 1426: 1260:10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.6.pfor1-0306 1109: 1068:Wayne State University School of Medicine 3347:20th-century African-American physicians 2063: 1917: 1859: 1792: 1732:. Johnson Publishing Company. March 1994 1681: 1466: 1443: 1254:(6): virtualmentor.2003.5.6.pfor1–0306. 1077: 925:, Columbia University. He completed his 430:&dq=lonnie+bristow+who+is+black& 2048: 1926:""In the nation's compelling interest"" 1825: 1634: 1493: 1241: 1159: 1126: 1083: 3299: 1965: 1788:. Earl G. Graves, Ltd. pp. 18–19. 1603: 1568: 1533: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 2120: 1972:Journal of Physical Therapy Education 1779: 1472: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1056: 993:American Society of Internal Medicine 709:American Society of Internal Medicine 87:Revision as of 16:32, 31 January 2024 2098:. September 27, 1994. Archived from 1923: 1901:Breaking Ground: My Life in Medicine 1865: 1798: 1782:"Speechmaker or catalyst for change" 1361: 77: 43: 1487: 1386: 1026:, he led and co-authored the IOM's 1003:(1989–1993). He was elected to the 877:Lonnie Bristow was born in 1930 in 859:In the Nation's Compelling Interest 713:Co-founding the Sullivan Commission 207: 176: 159: 152: 139: 96: 84: 13: 1942:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2005.tb00346.x 1756:"AMA Split on Clinton health plan" 1494:Russell, Sabin (August 20, 1995). 1326: 1242:Bristow, Lonnie R. (1 June 2003). 641: 32: 3358: 2072:"Committee and Staff Biographies" 1637:"15. A new medical progressivism" 1446:"Medicine: Lonnie Robert Bristow" 1289:. National Academies Press (US). 953:widespread voluntary testing for 143: 3342:20th-century American physicians 2078:. National Academies Press (US). 1984:10.1097/00001416-200607000-00016 1801:"AMA Elects 1st Black President" 1219:10.1001/jama.1995.03530030076038 1127:Bristow, Lonnie R. (June 1979). 971:Clinton health care plan of 1993 480:7182344 |isbn=978-3-030-41959-2 3317:City College of New York alumni 2082: 1657: 1604:Libman, Gary (12 August 1985). 1090:The Western Journal of Medicine 1086:"The myth of sickle cell trait" 960: 912: 1837:Institute of Medicine (2009). 1799:Gura, Trisha (June 13, 1994). 1473:Jones, Lisa C. (August 1995). 1: 2672:William W. Thayer (1928–1929) 1780:Jones, Joyce (October 1994). 1320: 1166:The Journal of Legal Medicine 1160:Bristow, L. R. (March 1989). 1018:in 2001. He co-founded, with 637: 595: 583: 523: 507: 457: 417: 345: 333: 283: 263: 2911:(vice president) (1964–1965) 2586:(vice president) (1915–1916) 2152:American Medical Association 1368:Contemporary Black Biography 1129:"Medical ethics: quo vadis?" 1084:Bristow, L. R. (July 1974). 1064:Morehouse School of Medicine 1005:National Academy of Medicine 947:American Medical Association 812:American Medical Association 702:American Medical Association 632:==Personal life and family== 625:==Personal life and family== 258:==Early life and education== 251:==Early life and education== 18:Browse history interactively 7: 1966:Sharby, Nancy (Fall 2006). 1696:10.1007/978-3-030-41960-8_6 999:on smoking (1987–1994) and 937:with a special interest in 822:with a special interest in 10: 3363: 1635:Swenson, Peter A. (2021). 1016:Crossing the Quality Chasm 855:Crossing the Quality Chasm 528:|url=https://books.google. 512:|url=https://books.google. 350:|url=https://books.google. 338:|url=https://books.google. 141: 3139: 2978: 2811: 2647: 2614:William Clarence Braisted 2480: 2319: 2172:Alexander Hodgdon Stevens 2158: 1402:"Lonnie Bristow (1930- )" 1178:10.1080/01947648909513557 1051:obstetrician-gynecologist 801: 791: 781: 763: 753: 745: 738: 694: 670: 655: 648: 230: 227: 158: 128:Pending changes reviewers 83: 1072:City College of New York 1044:Personal life and family 903:City College of New York 873:Early life and education 729:into medical board exams 682:City College of New York 120:Extended confirmed users 2465:George Miller Sternberg 2369:Joseph Janvier Woodward 2090:"Like father, like son" 1866:Rose, Patti R. (2011). 1501:San Francisco Chronicle 1364:"Bristow, Lonnie 1930β€”" 82: 3183:William G. Plested III 3046:Harrison L. Rogers Jr. 2262:David Humphreys Storer 917:Bristow completed his 830:and misinformation on 426:/books?id=iLQDAAAAMBAJ 3147:Randolph D. Smoak Jr. 3112:Daniel H. Johnson Jr. 2488:William Williams Keen 1924:Lowe, NK (May 2005). 1897:"13. Missing persons" 1534:Duster, Troy (2015). 1078:Selected publications 939:occupational medicine 931:San Pablo, California 824:occupational medicine 816:San Pablo, California 808:Lonnie Robert Bristow 786:Occupational medicine 772:, Columbia University 650:Lonnie Robert Bristow 3058:William S. Hotchkiss 2772:Herman L. Kretschmer 2682:William Gerry Morgan 2626:George de Schweinitz 2554:John Benjamin Murphy 1578:Backdoor to Eugenics 1362:Lesinski, Jeanne M. 716:Dispelling myths on 3327:American internists 3165:Donald J. Palmisano 2933:Dwight Locke Wilbur 2837:Edward J. McCormick 2796:Roscoe L. Sensenich 2748:Nathan B. Van Etten 2661:Wendell C. Phillips 2638:William Allen Pusey 2596:Charles Horace Mayo 2566:John A. Witherspoon 2196:Beverly R. Wellford 2178:John Collins Warren 2102:on 26 December 2023 2095:The Washington Post 1813:on 31 December 2023 1508:on 21 December 2023 1414:on 26 December 2023 1374:on 26 December 2023 1038:socialized medicine 955:sickle cell disease 943:sickle cell anaemia 867:socialized medicine 828:sickle cell disease 796:Sickle cell disease 3255:Barbara L. McAneny 3034:Frank J. Jirka Jr. 2819:Elmer L. Henderson 2706:Walter L. Bierring 2655:William D. Haggard 2584:Albert Vander Veer 2524:William James Mayo 2280:William O. Baldwin 2256:Nathan Smith Davis 1688:Blacks in Medicine 1616:on 28 January 2024 1248:The Virtual Mentor 1057:Awards and honours 923:Delafield Hospital 899:United States Navy 770:Delafield Hospital 643:American physician 174: 124:New page reviewers 94: 3294: 3293: 3219:Jeremy A. Lazarus 3159:Yank D. Coble Jr. 3153:Richard F. Corlin 3106:Lonnie R. Bristow 3094:Joseph T. Painter 3052:John J. Coury Jr. 3004:Thomas E. Nesbitt 2992:Richard E. Palmer 2921:Charles L. Hudson 2885:Leonard W. Larson 2712:James S. McLester 2676:Malcolm L. Harris 2608:Alexander Lambert 2578:William L. Rodman 2572:Victor C. Vaughan 2542:William C. Gorgas 2351:Theophilus Parvin 2339:Henry I. Bowditch 2286:George Mendenhall 2214:George Bacon Wood 2166:Nathaniel Chapman 1910:978-0-8203-4663-2 1881:978-0-7637-6164-6 1852:978-0-309-12663-2 1705:978-3-030-41959-2 1650:978-0-300-25740-3 1610:Los Angeles Times 1549:978-0-415-72731-0 1459:978-1-4408-7536-6 1304:978-0-309-09125-1 1020:Louis W. Sullivan 891:Morehouse College 887:Sydenham Hospital 832:sickle cell trait 805: 804: 758:Internal medicine 718:sickle cell trait 707:President of the 677:Morehouse College 636: 160: 85: 65: 3354: 3279:Jack Resneck Jr. 3273:Gerald E. Harmon 3243:Andrew W. Gurman 3195:Nancy H. Nielsen 3100:Robert E. McAfee 3022:Daniel T. Cloud, 3016:Robert B. Hunter 2945:W. C. Bornemeier 2939:Gerald D. Dorman 2927:Milford O. Rouse 2891:George M. Fister 2879:E. Vincent Askey 2867:Gunnar Gundersen 2855:Dwight H. Murray 2843:Walter B. Martin 2766:James E. Paullin 2718:James Tate Mason 2667:Jabez N. Jackson 2632:Ray Lyman Wilbur 2548:William H. Welch 2530:Joseph D. Bryant 2512:John Herr Musser 2500:John Allan Wyeth 2441:James F. Hibberd 2405:A. Y. P. Garnett 2375:John Light Atlee 2345:T. G. Richardson 2184:Reuben D. Mussey 2141: 2134: 2127: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2052: 2046: 2045: 2013: 2004: 2003: 1963: 1954: 1953: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1834: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1809:. Archived from 1796: 1790: 1789: 1786:Black Enterprise 1777: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1751: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1612:. Archived from 1601: 1592: 1591: 1566: 1557: 1556: 1531: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1504:. Archived from 1491: 1485: 1484: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1441: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1410:. Archived from 1397: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1370:. Archived from 1359: 1316: 1279: 1238: 1197: 1156: 1123: 1113: 1070:(1995), and the 978:African American 836:African American 646: 645: 412:==Later career== 405:==Later career== 328:==Early career== 321:==Early career== 222: 202: 192: 173: 168: 150: 149: 147: 134: 112: 93: 66: 57: 56: 54: 49: 47: 39: 36: 21: 19: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3290: 3285:Jesse Ehrenfeld 3267:Susan R. Bailey 3237:Steven J. Stack 3225:Ardis Dee Hoven 3213:Peter W. Carmel 3207:Cecil B. Wilson 3201:J. James Rohack 3189:Ronald M. Davis 3135: 3040:Joseph F. Boyle 3028:William Y. Rial 3010:Hoyt D. Gardner 2974: 2969:Malcolm C. Todd 2963:Russell B. Roth 2909:Donovan F. Ward 2903:Norman A. Welch 2897:Edward R. Annis 2861:David B. Allman 2807: 2802:Ernest E. Irons 2790:Edward L. Bortz 2784:H. H. Shoulders 2724:Charles G. Heyd 2643: 2602:Arthur D. Bevan 2476: 2453:R. Beverly Cole 2447:Donald MacLean, 2315: 2310:Joseph M. Toner 2304:Thomas M. Logan 2274:Samuel D. Gross 2208:Charles A. Pope 2202:Jonathan Knight 2154: 2145: 2115: 2105: 2103: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2068: 2064: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2014: 2007: 1964: 1957: 1922: 1918: 1911: 1893: 1889: 1882: 1864: 1860: 1853: 1835: 1826: 1816: 1814: 1806:Chicago Tribune 1797: 1793: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1760:Washington Post 1752: 1745: 1735: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1706: 1680: 1676: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1651: 1633: 1629: 1619: 1617: 1602: 1595: 1588: 1567: 1560: 1550: 1532: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1492: 1488: 1471: 1467: 1460: 1442: 1427: 1417: 1415: 1398: 1387: 1377: 1375: 1360: 1327: 1323: 1305: 1080: 1059: 1046: 1024:Missing Persons 1012:To Err is Human 963: 915: 875: 851:To Err is Human 834:. As the first 826:, and wrote on 782:Sub-specialties 666: 665:, New York City 660: 651: 644: 633: 626: 617: 612: 605: 603: 593: 591: 579: 574: 567: 559: 549: 544: 537: 535: 531: 521: 519: 515: 503: 498: 491: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 413: 406: 397: 392: 385: 377: 367: 362: 355: 353: 343: 341: 329: 322: 313: 308: 301: 299: 295: 291: 281: 279: 275: 271: 259: 252: 243: 238: 223: 208: 206: 205: 204: 200: 198: 182: 180: 175: 169: 164: 156: 154:← Previous edit 151: 142: 140: 138: 137: 136: 132: 130: 102: 100: 95: 89: 81: 80: 79: 78: 76: 75: 74: 73: 72: 71: 62: 58: 52: 50: 45: 42: 40: 37: 35:Content deleted 34: 31: 29:← Previous edit 26: 25: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3360: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3261:Patrice Harris 3258: 3252: 3249:David O. Barbe 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3177:J. Edward Hill 3174: 3171:John C. Nelson 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3130:Thomas Reardon 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3076:C. John Tupper 3073: 3070:Alan R. Nelson 3067: 3064:James E. Davis 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2986:Max H. Parrott 2982: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2951:Wesley W. Hall 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2915:James Z. Appel 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2831:Louis H. Bauer 2828: 2822: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2760:Fred W. Rankin 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2730:J. H. J. Upham 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2694:Edward H. Cary 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2560:Abraham Jacobi 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2518:L. S. McMurtry 2515: 2509: 2506:Frank Billings 2503: 2497: 2491: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2435:Hunter McGuire 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2393:William Brodie 2390: 2387:H. F. Campbell 2384: 2381:Austin Flint I 2378: 2372: 2366: 2363:John T. Hodgen 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2333:J. Marion Sims 2330: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2268:Henry F. Askew 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2232:Harvey Lindsly 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2190:James Moultrie 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2144: 2143: 2136: 2129: 2121: 2114: 2113: 2081: 2062: 2047: 2005: 1955: 1916: 1909: 1887: 1880: 1858: 1851: 1824: 1791: 1772: 1743: 1721: 1704: 1674: 1656: 1649: 1627: 1593: 1586: 1558: 1548: 1519: 1486: 1465: 1458: 1425: 1385: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1303: 1295:10.17226/10885 1280: 1239: 1213:(3): 256–258. 1198: 1157: 1139:(6): 417–418. 1124: 1079: 1076: 1058: 1055: 1045: 1042: 982:medical ethics 967:Benjamin Spock 962: 959: 914: 911: 874: 871: 840:medical ethics 803: 802: 799: 798: 793: 789: 788: 783: 779: 778: 777: 776: 773: 765: 761: 760: 755: 751: 750: 747: 743: 742: 740:Medical career 736: 735: 734: 733: 730: 727:medical ethics 723: 720: 714: 711: 705: 696: 695:Known for 692: 691: 690: 689: 684: 679: 672: 668: 667: 661: 657: 653: 652: 649: 642: 640: 635: 634: 631: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 615: 613: 610: 607: 606: 601: 598: 596: 594: 589: 586: 584: 581: 580: 577: 575: 572: 569: 568: 564: 562: 560: 556: 554: 551: 550: 547: 545: 542: 539: 538: 533: 529: 526: 524: 522: 517: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 501: 499: 496: 493: 492: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 460: 458: 456: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 420: 418: 415: 414: 411: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 398: 395: 393: 390: 387: 386: 382: 380: 378: 374: 372: 369: 368: 365: 363: 360: 357: 356: 351: 348: 346: 344: 339: 336: 334: 331: 330: 327: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 311: 309: 306: 303: 302: 297: 293: 289: 286: 284: 282: 277: 273: 269: 266: 264: 261: 260: 257: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 244: 241: 239: 236: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 199: 194: 193: 178: 157: 144:β†’β€ŽLater career 131: 114: 113: 98: 67: 61: 59: 41: 33: 27: 23: 22: 14: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3359: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3312:Living people 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3231:Robert M. Wah 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3118:Percy Wootton 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3088:John L. Clowe 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2957:C. A. Hoffman 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2825:John W. Cline 2823: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2742:Rock Sleyster 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2700:Dean D. Lewis 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2688:E. Starr Judd 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2536:H. L. Burrell 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494:C. A. L. Reed 2492: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2472: 2471:J. M. Mathews 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2459:Nicholas Senn 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2399:E. H. Gregory 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2327:W. K. Bowling 2325: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2298:D. W. 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Ring 2998:John H. Budd 2873:Louis M. Orr 2778:Roger I. Lee 2423:W. T. Briggs 2411:W. W. Dawson 2238:Henry Miller 2220:Zina Pitcher 2106:November 25, 2104:. Retrieved 2100:the original 2093: 2084: 2075: 2065: 2056: 2050: 2028:(2): 29–46. 2025: 2021: 1975: 1971: 1933: 1929: 1919: 1900: 1890: 1871: 1861: 1842: 1839:"Appendix D" 1817:November 25, 1815:. Retrieved 1811:the original 1804: 1794: 1785: 1775: 1763:. Retrieved 1759: 1734:. Retrieved 1724: 1687: 1677: 1668: 1659: 1640: 1630: 1618:. Retrieved 1614:the original 1609: 1577: 1570:Duster, Troy 1553: 1539: 1512:November 25, 1510:. Retrieved 1506:the original 1499: 1489: 1478: 1468: 1449: 1418:November 25, 1416:. Retrieved 1412:the original 1405: 1378:November 25, 1376:. 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O. Marcy 2425:(1891–1892) 2419:(1890–1891) 2417:E. M. Moore 2413:(1889–1890) 2407:(1888–1889) 2401:(1887–1888) 2395:(1886–1887) 2389:(1885–1886) 2383:(1884–1885) 2377:(1883–1884) 2371:(1882–1883) 2365:(1881–1882) 2359:(1880–1881) 2357:Lewis Sayre 2353:(1879–1880) 2347:(1878–1879) 2341:(1877–1878) 2335:(1876–1877) 2329:(1875–1876) 2312:(1874–1875) 2306:(1873–1874) 2300:(1872–1873) 2294:(1871–1872) 2288:(1870–1871) 2282:(1869–1870) 2276:(1868–1869) 2270:(1867–1868) 2264:(1866–1867) 2258:(1864–1866) 2252:(1863–1864) 2250:Alden March 2246:(1860–1861) 2240:(1859–1860) 2234:(1858–1859) 2228:(1857–1858) 2226:Paul F. Eve 2222:(1856–1857) 2216:(1855–1856) 2210:(1854–1855) 2204:(1853–1854) 2198:(1852–1853) 2192:(1851–1852) 2186:(1850–1851) 2180:(1849–1850) 2174:(1848–1849) 2168:(1847–1848) 219:Report bugs 3301:Categories 3024:1981–1982) 2849:Elmer Hess 2449:1885–1896) 2148:Presidents 1936:(3): 305. 1765:28 January 1736:28 January 1690:: 97–154. 1620:28 January 1321:References 1007:in 1977. 919:internship 746:Profession 2979:1975–2000 2812:1950–1975 2648:1925–1950 2481:1900–1925 2320:1875–1900 2159:1847–1875 2034:2475-2843 1992:0899-1855 1978:(2): 81. 1268:1937-7010 1227:0098-7484 1186:0194-7648 1145:0002-8010 1102:0093-0415 935:internist 927:residency 909:in 1957. 820:internist 749:Physician 671:Education 488:newspaper 292:=Ostrom | 272:=Ostrom | 201:5,204,818 2244:Eli Ives 2057:AHA News 2042:44868047 2000:25009857 1950:15890827 1572:(2003). 1313:25009857 1276:23268950 1153:11662592 1074:(1995). 1066:(1994), 986:HIV/AIDS 933:, as an 844:HIV/AIDS 818:, as an 792:Research 231:Line 47: 228:Line 47: 189:contribs 109:contribs 53:Wikitext 3287:(2023–) 2150:of the 1730:"Ebony" 1715:7182344 1235:7609236 1194:2708901 1120:4840172 1111:1129505 895:Atlanta 883:Baptist 602:215–217 590:215-217 298:122–123 278:122-123 2905:(1964) 2720:(1936) 2580:(1915) 2040:  2032:  1998:  1990:  1948:  1907:  1878:  1849:  1712:  1702:  1647:  1584:  1546:  1456:  1311:  1301:  1274:  1266:  1233:  1225:  1192:  1184:  1151:  1143:  1118:  1108:  1100:  879:Harlem 663:Harlem 294:first1 211:dashes 133:59,791 64:Inline 46:Visual 3140:2000– 2038:JSTOR 1480:Ebony 754:Field 704:(AMA) 534:18–19 518:18-19 514:co.uk 448:co.uk 424:co.uk 340:co.uk 290:last1 274:first 203:edits 135:edits 2108:2023 2030:ISSN 1996:PMID 1988:ISSN 1946:PMID 1905:ISBN 1876:ISBN 1847:ISBN 1819:2023 1767:2024 1738:2024 1700:ISBN 1645:ISBN 1622:2024 1582:ISBN 1544:ISBN 1514:2023 1454:ISBN 1420:2023 1380:2023 1309:PMID 1299:ISBN 1272:PMID 1264:ISSN 1231:PMID 1223:ISSN 1207:JAMA 1190:PMID 1182:ISSN 1149:PMID 1141:ISSN 1116:PMID 1098:ISSN 659:1930 656:Born 472:PA29 452:work 270:last 196:Bots 185:talk 171:undo 166:edit 148:page 105:talk 91:edit 1980:doi 1938:doi 1710:PMC 1692:doi 1669:Jet 1291:doi 1256:doi 1215:doi 1211:274 1174:doi 1106:PMC 1094:121 893:in 530:com 484:com 476:pmc 464:com 440:url 352:com 3303:: 2092:. 2074:. 2036:. 2024:. 2020:. 2008:^ 1994:. 1986:. 1976:20 1974:. 1970:. 1958:^ 1944:. 1934:34 1932:. 1928:. 1899:. 1870:. 1841:. 1827:^ 1803:. 1784:. 1758:. 1746:^ 1708:. 1698:. 1686:. 1667:. 1639:. 1608:. 1596:^ 1576:. 1561:^ 1552:. 1522:^ 1498:. 1477:. 1448:. 1428:^ 1404:. 1388:^ 1366:. 1328:^ 1307:. 1297:. 1270:. 1262:. 1250:. 1246:. 1229:. 1221:. 1209:. 1205:. 1188:. 1180:. 1170:10 1168:. 1164:. 1147:. 1135:. 1131:. 1114:. 1104:. 1092:. 1088:. 1053:. 973:. 941:, 846:. 468:pg 432:hl 217:. 187:| 146:: 126:, 122:, 118:, 107:| 2140:e 2133:t 2126:v 2110:. 2044:. 2026:2 2002:. 1982:: 1952:. 1940:: 1913:. 1884:. 1855:. 1821:. 1769:. 1740:. 1718:. 1694:: 1653:. 1624:. 1590:. 1516:. 1462:. 1422:. 1382:. 1315:. 1293:: 1278:. 1258:: 1252:5 1237:. 1217:: 1196:. 1176:: 1155:. 1137:2 1122:. 478:= 470:= 442:= 434:= 191:) 183:( 111:) 103:(

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