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315:, denoted by periodic graduations and usually accompanied by numerical or categorical indications. Each axis will typically also have a label displayed outside or beside it, briefly describing the dimension represented. If the scale is numerical, the label will often be suffixed with the unit of that scale in parentheses. For example, "Distance traveled (m)" is a typical x-axis label and would mean that the distance traveled, in units of meters, is related to the horizontal position of the data within the chart.
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describing the datum associated with the indicated position in the chart. The data may appear as dots or shapes, connected or unconnected, and in any combination of colors and patterns. In addition, inferences or points of interest can be overlaid directly on the graph to further aid information
259:
Charts are often used to ease understanding of large quantities of data and the relationships between parts of the data. Charts can usually be read more quickly than the raw data. They are used in a wide variety of fields, and can be created by hand (often on
322:
of lines may appear to aid in the visual alignment of data. The grid can be enhanced by visually emphasizing the lines at regular or significant graduations. The emphasized lines are then called major gridlines, and the remainder is minor grid lines.
510:
is a two-dimensional scatterplot of ordered observations where the observations are connected following their order. The first known line charts are usually credited to
Francis Hauksbee, Nicolaus Samuel Cruquius, Johann Heinrich Lambert and William
495:
is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. The first known bar charts are usually attributed to Nicole Oresme, Joseph
Priestley, and William
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consists of tabular frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to the frequency of the observations in the interval; first introduced by Karl
Pearson.
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Typically the data in a chart is represented graphically since humans can infer meaning from pictures more quickly than from text. Thus, the text is generally used only to annotate the data.
342:). A legend contains a list of the variables appearing in the chart and an example of their appearance. This information allows the data from each variable to be identified in the chart.
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While charts can be drawn by hand, computer software is often used to automatically produce a chart based on entered data. For examples of commonly used software tools, see
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where the areas of the rectangles correspond to values. Other dimensions can be represented with color or hue. Smaller areas go to the bottom right corner.
280:. On the other hand, data that represents numbers that change over a period of time (such as "annual revenue from 1990 to 2000") might be best shown as a
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A chart can take a large variety of forms. However, there are common features that provide the chart with its ability to extract meaning from data.
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or "spider chart" or "doi" is a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point.
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A GapChart, a time series chart showing evolving gaps and equalities between series. Other dimensions can be represented with color or hue.
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302:. A graph's title usually appears above the main graphic and provides a succinct description of what the data in the graph refers to.
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311:. If a horizontal and a vertical axis are used, they are usually referred to as the x-axis and y-axis. Each axis will have a
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268:. Certain types of charts are more useful for presenting a given data set than others. For example, data that presents
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1402:"Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution. II. Skew Variation in Homogeneous Material"
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Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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1494:"Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization"
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is a two-dimensional scatterplot where a third variable is represented by the size of the points.
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Charts and graphs: An introduction to graphic methods in the control and analysis of statistics
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Visual revelations: graphical tales of fate and
Deception from Napoleon Bonaparte to Ross Perot
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Interest rates, temperatures, etc., at the close of the period are plotted with a line chart.
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Some specific charts have become well known by effectively explaining a phenomenon or idea.
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in different groups (such as "satisfied, not satisfied, unsure") are often displayed in a
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When the data appearing in a chart contains multiple variables, the chart may include a
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are another type of bar chart used to describe price movements of an equity over time.
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A chart's data can appear in all manner of formats and may include individual textual
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752:, sometimes called a Coxcomb chart, is an enhanced form of pie chart developed by
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shows percentage values as a slice of a pie; first introduced by
William Playfair.
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Alternatively, where less detail is required, and chart size is paramount, a
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is a time-independent stock tracking chart that attempts to minimise noise.
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Other domain-specific constructs are sometimes called charts, such as the
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also known as a "Walk" chart, is a special type of floating-column chart.
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classify political philosophies according to two axes of variation.
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There are dozens of other types of charts. Here are some of them:
276:, but maybe more easily understood when presented in a horizontal
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232:) for a specific purpose are often known as charts, such as a
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Some types of charts have specific uses in a certain field
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One of the most important uses of text in a graph is the
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to show the interaction of two data points in a grid.
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with a traditional bar chart of volume at the bottom.
376:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
900:
to show the timing of tasks as they occur over time.
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
206:The term "chart" as a graphical representation of
2433:
1488:
1442:"First Ever Bar Charts Created in 14th Century"
861:Stock market prices are often depicted with an
305:Dimensions in the data are often displayed on
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909:Some of the better-known named charts are:
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1353:Harvard graphics 3: the complete reference
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1522:. The Engineering magazine company, 1914.
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979:is a chart originating from the study of
396:Learn how and when to remove this message
228:that are adorned with extra information (
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
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372:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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203:structure and provides different info.
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990:helps in scheduling complex projects.
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1519:Graphic methods for presenting facts
1379:, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
636:Examples of less common charts are:
419:Four of the most common charts are:
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62:adding citations to reliable sources
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1351:Cary Jensen, Loy Anderson (1992).
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16:Graphical representation of data
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410:Commons:Category:Charts by type
144:showing the composition of the
49:needs additional citations for
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1584:Biological data visualization
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1624:Mathematical visualization
1534:Prentice-Hall, 1923, 1925.
1466:. JPowered. Archived from
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214:A data chart is a type of
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1619:Information visualization
1604:Educational visualization
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1298:Exploratory data analysis
1271:List of charting software
863:open-high-low-close chart
809:Open-high-low-close chart
515:Other common charts are:
264:) or by computer using a
188:". A chart can represent
1795:Charles-René de Fourcroy
1644:Scientific visualization
1571:of technical information
345:
162:graphical representation
1464:"History of Pie Charts"
1444:. AnyChart. 2 June 2015
905:Well-known named charts
896:Project planners use a
251:in music notation or a
210:has multiple meanings:
2215:Christopher R. Johnson
1767:Technical illustration
1654:Software visualization
1427:10.1098/rsta.1895.0010
1355:. Osborne McGraw-Hill
156:(sometimes known as a
149:
25:Graph (disambiguation)
21:Chart (disambiguation)
2109:Lawrence J. Rosenblum
1922:Edward Walter Maunder
1846:Charles Joseph Minard
1664:User interface design
1639:Product visualization
1514:Brinton, Willard Cope
1216:Dot plot (statistics)
792:Field-specific charts
255:for album popularity.
148:Parliament of Canada.
139:
2389:Scientific modelling
2364:Information graphics
2104:Clifford A. Pickover
2054:William S. Cleveland
1962:Henry Norris Russell
1947:Howard G. Funkhouser
1891:Florence Nightingale
1856:Francis Amasa Walker
1752:Statistical graphics
1674:Volume visualization
1649:Social visualization
1313:Mathematical diagram
1308:Information graphics
857:This gallery shows:
754:Florence Nightingale
737:This gallery shows:
543:Organizational chart
480:This gallery shows:
365:factual accuracy is
318:Within the graph, a
266:charting application
176:, such as bars in a
58:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2369:Information science
2332:in computer science
2124:Sheelagh Carpendale
2059:George G. Robertson
1896:Karl Wilhelm Pohlke
1831:André-Michel Guerry
1707:Graph of a function
1702:Engineering drawing
1418:1895RSPTA.186..343P
1318:Official statistics
1288:Table (information)
2457:Modeling languages
2409:Volume cartography
2173:Early 21st century
2069:Catherine Plaisant
2064:Bruce H. McCormick
2018:Mary Eleanor Spear
2008:Arthur H. Robinson
1942:Arthur Lyon Bowley
1915:Early 20th century
1762:Technical drawings
1634:Molecular graphics
1609:Flow visualization
1599:Data visualization
1470:on 15 January 2016
1175:One more example:
1010:project management
869:Candlestick charts
750:polar area diagram
663:Polar area diagram
632:Less-common charts
238:aeronautical chart
172:is represented by
166:data visualization
150:
2427:
2426:
2404:Visual perception
2354:Graphic organizer
2327:Computer graphics
2298:
2297:
2280:Martin Wattenberg
2255:Hanspeter Pfister
2210:Martin Krzywinski
2134:Jock D. Mackinlay
2114:Thomas A. DeFanti
2037:Late 20th century
1957:Ejnar Hertzsprung
1659:Technical drawing
1499:. pp. 13–14.
1303:Graphic organizer
1021:radio electronics
1008:is often used in
823:Candlestick chart
406:
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338:(also known as a
199:or some kinds of
184:, or slices in a
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2414:Volume rendering
2399:Visual analytics
2394:Spatial analysis
2374:Misleading graph
2225:David McCandless
2200:Gordon Kindlmann
2164:Alfred Inselberg
2159:Leland Wilkinson
2094:Michael Friendly
2028:Howard T. Fisher
1991:Mid 20th century
1932:W. E. B. Du Bois
1836:William Playfair
1826:Adolphe Quetelet
1800:Joseph Priestley
1783:Pre-19th century
1780:
1779:
1747:Skeletal formula
1614:Geovisualization
1589:Chemical imaging
1562:
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1526:Karsten, Karl G.
1501:
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1490:Michael Friendly
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2359:Imaging science
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2270:Moritz Stefaner
2195:Jessica Hullman
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2139:Alan MacEachren
2089:Ben Shneiderman
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1508:Further reading
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999:Pournelle chart
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768:waterfall chart
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611:Pedigree chart
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289:
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257:
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234:nautical chart
223:
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15:
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2344:Graph drawing
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2265:Claudio Silva
2263:
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2256:
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2230:Mauro Martino
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2154:Michael Maltz
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2119:George Furnas
2117:
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2112:
2110:
2107:
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2100:
2099:Howard Wainer
2097:
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
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2003:Rudolf Modley
2001:
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1996:
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1989:
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1967:Max O. Lorenz
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1876:Charles Booth
1874:
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1851:Luigi Perozzo
1849:
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1841:August Kekulé
1839:
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1821:Charles Dupin
1819:
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1805:Gaspard Monge
1803:
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1790:Edmond Halley
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1597:
1595:
1594:Crime mapping
1592:
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1570:
1569:Visualization
1563:
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1399:
1393:
1386:
1385:0-8058-3878-3
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:Howard Wainer
1369:
1362:
1361:0-07-881749-8
1358:
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1045:Control chart
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475:
469:
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455:
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436:
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427:
422:
421:
420:
415:Common charts
411:
400:
397:
389:
379:
375:
369:
368:
361:
352:
351:
343:
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329:
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180:, lines in a
179:
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125:
117:
106:
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92:
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85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
26:
22:
2442:Infographics
2429:
2379:Neuroimaging
2339:CPK coloring
2322:Color coding
2260:Hans Rosling
2240:Miriah Meyer
2205:Aaron Koblin
2190:Jeffrey Heer
2084:Edward Tufte
2079:Pat Hanrahan
2049:Nigel Holmes
1927:Otto Neurath
1866:Oliver Byrne
1814:19th century
1691:
1528:
1517:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1468:the original
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1436:
1409:
1405:
1392:
1376:
1368:
1352:
1347:
1328:Edward Tufte
1293:Drakon-chart
1268:
1182:Common plots
1177:Bernal chart
1174:
1115:Pareto chart
1031:
1028:Other charts
977:Allele chart
970:
908:
888:
885:may be used.
856:
795:
743:bubble chart
736:
649:Bubble chart
635:
514:
479:
418:
392:
386:October 2019
383:
364:
339:
335:
333:
331:extraction.
327:
325:
319:
317:
312:
306:
304:
299:
297:
294:
291:
258:
253:record chart
230:map surround
205:
157:
153:
151:
120:
114:October 2011
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
2312:Cartography
2250:Ade Olufeko
2220:Manuel Lima
2149:Kwan-Liu Ma
2074:Stuart Card
2044:Borden Dent
1982:Erwin Raisz
1937:Henry Gantt
1412:: 343–414.
1398:Pearson, K.
1244:Scatterplot
1169:Vowel chart
1142:Strip chart
1087:Natal chart
1017:Smith chart
995:Nolan chart
988:Gantt chart
965:Smith chart
936:Nolan chart
922:Gantt chart
898:Gantt chart
782:streamgraph
761:radar chart
719:Streamgraph
691:Radar chart
625:Radial tree
270:percentages
262:graph paper
249:chord chart
2436:Categories
2235:John Maeda
2013:John Tukey
1977:Harry Beck
1972:Fritz Kahn
1722:Photograph
1474:9 February
1448:9 February
1339:References
1019:serves in
1006:PERT chart
876:Kagi chart
837:Kagi chart
583:Area chart
569:Flow chart
556:Tree chart
508:line chart
474:Line chart
408:See also:
282:line chart
242:map sheets
182:line chart
84:newspapers
2317:Chartjunk
2285:Bang Wong
2180:Polo Chau
1886:John Snow
1861:John Venn
1742:Schematic
1727:Pictogram
1129:Run chart
883:Sparkline
851:Sparkline
597:Cartogram
511:Playfair.
501:pie chart
496:Playfair.
493:bar chart
486:histogram
460:Pie chart
446:Bar chart
432:Histogram
374:talk page
278:bar chart
274:pie chart
197:functions
186:pie chart
178:bar chart
142:pie chart
2447:Diagrams
2303:Related
1712:Ideogram
1492:(2008).
1400:(1895).
1387:p.87-90.
1277:See also
1202:Box plot
1101:Nomogram
997:and the
981:genetics
775:tree map
732:GapChart
705:Tree map
528:Timeline
367:disputed
288:Features
2185:Ben Fry
1697:Diagram
1414:Bibcode
1375:(1997)
1283:Diagram
1073:Heatmap
216:diagram
201:quality
193:numeric
190:tabular
174:symbols
160:) is a
98:scholar
73:"Chart"
29:Diagram
2452:Charts
2305:topics
1776:People
1683:Image
1577:Fields
1383:
1359:
1258:Biplot
336:legend
328:labels
195:data,
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
27:, and
1757:Table
1692:Chart
1685:types
1497:(PDF)
1363:p.413
952:chart
530:chart
346:Types
313:scale
300:title
220:graph
158:graph
154:chart
105:JSTOR
91:books
1732:Plot
1476:2016
1450:2016
1381:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1015:The
993:The
950:PERT
320:grid
308:axes
226:Maps
208:data
170:data
164:for
146:38th
77:news
1717:Map
1422:doi
1410:186
975:An
340:key
236:or
218:or
60:by
2438::
1516:.
1420:.
1408:.
1404:.
1273:.
1004:A
986:A
874:A
780:A
773:A
766:A
759:A
748:A
741:A
506:A
499:A
491:A
484:A
284:.
152:A
140:A
23:,
1561:e
1554:t
1547:v
1532:.
1478:.
1452:.
1430:.
1424::
1416::
1023:.
1012:.
756:.
399:)
393:(
388:)
384:(
380:.
370:.
244:.
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
54:.
31:.
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