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Zone to Defend

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977: 1011:, as part of protests against an eco-development of 1150 apartments. Work had started in January 2020 on the site and was then stopped twice by legal challenges from environmental groups. After one month of occupation, the two groups handed over responsibility for the ZAD to the anonymous Zadists squatting the land. The mayor demanded that before negotiating anything, a watchtower built on the land needed to be demolished, but the Zadists refused. In August 2020, the collective of 180 people celebrated their second month of occupation. 738: 856: 22: 6044: 5202: 685:
arrest of five people on the site, with other people remaining to ensure it was not evicted. Before their trial in July, two of the five were forbidden from entering the ZAD and three from entering Aveyron. In October 2019, the ZAD was evicted. A protest march in November brought 300 people bearing flowers to the site. The police used tear gas to disperse the crowd and arrested several people.
677:. There was a "windy week" in 2016, in which more cabins were built on the terrain of 7 hectares, with people coming to help out from other ZADs such as Bure, Roybon and the Susa Valley. As a way to slow down the progress of the project, 136 people became individual owners of plots over 3,300m² of land and thus would have to be bought out individually by RTE, a subsidiary of EDF ( 705:. Every year, the French nuclear energy industry produces around 13,000 cubic metres of radioactive waste (this equates to 2 kg for every French person or enough to fill 120 double-decker buses). Subject to state approval, all this waste will be stored underground at Bure from 2025 onwards. Since 2004, there has been an anti-nuclear 804:
The local council protected the land and in August 2015, Immochan sold the site to a local real estate company which proposed an organic farming project. The ZAD was then evicted by police exercising a 2013 court verdict. The Zadists were unhappy they had not been given an opportunity to buy the land
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Environ 300 personnes étaient présentes ce samedi après midi pour cette marche symbolique à Saint-Victor-et-Melvieu, dans l'Aveyron, sur les lieux d'une ZAD occupée par des militants pendant plusieurs années. Les gendarmes (7 cars) présents à leur arrivée ont fait usage de gaz lacrymogène. Plusieurs
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RTE obtained a declaration of public utility for the project in June 2018, which meant they could evict the site. Then in January 2019, the squatters were given an eviction order and warned that they would be fined 2000 euros for every day that they stayed. A police raid in February resulted in the
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camped on land for a weekend in 2019 to show opposition to plans to dig limestone quarries on agricultural land. A ZAD was discussed but not implemented. By September 2020, the plans were still under discussion and the activists restated their intention to create a ZAD if circumstances required it.
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In April 2018, a largescale eviction operation began as the French state tried to regain control of the autonomous zone. After 10 days (19 April), the police had fired 11,000 projectiles. The eviction was halted on 26 April and said it would be frozen until at least 14 May. The truce came about as
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was founded. It was evicted in April 2020 when police took twenty Zadists away from the site to make identity checks and the mayor together with 70 local people went onto the site and burnt down all the structures. The mayor's actions were condemned by other politicians as reckless, particularly
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to prevent the development of a business park in December 2014. The Zadists were invited on to land by a local farmer and slowly expanded onto neighbouring lots. They demanded that 220 hectares of agricultural land be preserved. Most of the ZAD was evicted in May 2016, but the land of the farmer
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in Lyon stated that two of the three orders permitting construction were illegal. The court agreed with environmentalist concerns regarding wastewater processing from a site with a maximum capacity of 5,600 people and also how the water table would be affected, with 76 hectares of wetland under
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to build a shopping centre called EuropaCity. A collective to protect the triangle of land at Gonesse was formed in 2011 and at times, for example in October 2019, tent occupations were used as part of the tactics to resist construction. As of 2020, the EuropaCity plans had been scrapped but
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and were growing vegetables and farming animals. Pierre & Vacances announced in July 2020 that they were scrapping the plans to build and the ZAD responded that after six years it had no intention of disbanding. This angered the mayor of Roybon, who demanded that the camp was evicted.
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dictionary as "a militant occupying a ZAD to oppose a proposed development that would damage the environment." The ZADs are organized particularly in areas with an ecological or agricultural dimension. The name has also been used by occupations in urban areas, for example in
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existed from 2011 until 2015 and prevented a dam from being constructed. Evicted ZADs have amongst other things contested the construction of an electricity substation, a motorway and a facility for the storage of nuclear waste. There have been ZADs in the
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of "deferred development area" (from French: zone d'aménagement différé). The ZADs are organized particularly in rural areas with an ecological or agricultural dimension, although the name has also been used by occupations in urban areas, for example in
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personnes ont été interpellées dont le porte parole de la confédération paysanne de l'Aveyron ... Après des années de lutte, les citoyens opposés au projet qui s'étaient installés là se sont fait expulser par les forces de l'ordre. C'était le 8 octobre.
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The demonstrations to protect the biodiversity of the wetlands in the area threatened by the proposed Sivens Dam resulted in the ZAD du Testet, which existed from 2011 until 2015. It was evicted several times and resquatted. In 2014, botanist
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At a demonstration in 2017, the police used a water cannon and fired tear gas canisters and stun grenades. There were 30 wounded demonstrators, of which three were hospitalised. One of them, a 27-year-old man, was struck by an exploding
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department. Eight huts were built along the proposed 24 kilometres of the motorway, which was intended as a bypass to reduce congestion on the A35 which dissects Strasbourg. The costs were slated to be over 500 million euros.
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Appearing in France in the early 2010s, the term was first popularized during the opposition to the airport construction project in Notre-Dame-des-Landes. In France, the most famous antecedents of the ZAD movement are the
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department near to the border with Spain. The mayor issued a byelaw forbidding camping and the police prevented them from founding a camp. By 2017, the ZAD had been initiated and it was still in existence in 2019.
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department, twenty kilometres to the west of central Paris, 400 small holdings were producing half of all the salad greens consumed in the capital. In 2014, plans to expand the commercial zone were halted, but the
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had joined the protestors in solidarity with their struggle to stop the road. Delli was sprayed with tear gas in her face and mouth by the police and fell unconscious. Bové stated "This violence is unacceptable."
709:(House of Resistance) in the centre of Bure since 2004, which acts as headquarters for the protests. Land in the forest of Mandres-en-Barrois, which would be destroyed by the construction, was occupied in 2015. 2192: 1400: 801:), a property development company. It is the last farm on the plateau. The site was four hectares and fifty people turned it into an organic farm, fighting the plan of Immochan to build a shopping centre. 3048: 225:
in the autumn of 2012. One of the first to be set up afterwards was the ZAD de la ferme des Bouillons near Rouen. In addition to Notre-Dame-des-Landes ZAD, the best-known cases are the opposition to: the
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to withdraw the permission of residence from a house used as their base. On 30 March 2021, 600 police officers evicted the ZAD, arresting 93 people. Two days later, two activists remained in a tree.
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on his foot. It made a hole 13 centimetres long and 3 centimetres deep. The occupation at Mandres-en-Barrois was evicted in 2018. Thirty people had been living there and they retreated to the
2851: 2529: 2890: 2357: 1271: 2952: 2233: 1972: 914:. The camp was set up on the land of a farmer resisting eviction and from 1 October 2021 onwards, the land had been expropriated by RWE. It is the first explicitly named ZAD in Germany. 729:, said "We do not want there to be places of lawlessness in France." After the eviction, there were calls to resquat the site and a large police presence remained to counter the threat. 2425: 2921: 2629: 2106: 1633: 3006: 2983: 886:
representatives of the ZAD negotiated for legal recognition for 28 projects. Some projects agreed to file individual claims, whereas other refused to participate in the process.
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estimated there to have been at least a dozen ZADs across France since 2009. In other countries there are projects similar to the ZAD concept, such as the occupation of the
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set up the ZAD du Plan d’Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue without occupying any land. They were concerned about a development plan which would build a prison and a landfill site.
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Mais s'il le fait nous sommes prêts à monter une ZAD (zone à défendre) avec l'appui des propriétaires des terrains agricoles qui refusent encore de vendre à l'industriel.
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that is intended to physically blockade a development project. By occupying the land, activists aim to prevent the project from going ahead. The acronym "ZAD" is a
2495: 1795: 1307: 3040: 946:: Pour les Chambaran sans Center Parcs) or PCSCP. The plans entailed building almost 1000 cottages in the forest. Plans were halted in December 2016, when the 1946: 5627: 1192:"A Lyon, expulsion de la première ZAD... mais la deuxième résiste toujours [In Lyon, the eviction of the first ZAD ... but the second one continues]" 1999: 3102: 3079: 1106: 2714: 5803: 2262: 951:
threat. The court did not agree that the potential loss of protected species outweighed the potential creation of 600 jobs. The owner of Center Parcs,
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Activists attempted to set up a ZAD in March 2016 to resist the construction of a quarry for a new motorway in the Bager forest, which is located at
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on the Chambarand plateau. Environmentalists had opposed the project since 2007, represented by the group 'For Chambaran without Center Parcs' (
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continued. The gardens have been sabotaged several times: an orchard of thirty fruit trees was cut down and a field of potatoes was destroyed.
1241:"Notre-Dame-des-Landes n'est pas le Larzac (même si ça y ressemble) [Notre-Dame-des-Landes is not the Larzac (even if it looks like)]" 4188: 1490: 1401:"D'une ZAD à l'autre, tour d'horizon des conflits environnementaux [From one ZAD to another, an overview of environmental conflicts]" 980:
Various makeshift installations are built by the protesters to sustain their occupation of the ZAD, like this hen house at the ZAD du Testet.
882:(AGO). It was announced in 2018 that the plans for the airport were cancelled and also that the squatters would have until spring to leave. 3635: 2026: 1875: 670: 4285: 2913: 2621: 2598: 1513: 5135: 2975: 1742: 1129: 2683: 1160: 1099:"Zones Ă  DĂ©fendre : les amĂ©nageurs face Ă  une nouvelle contrainte ["Zones to Defend: developers face a new constraint"]" 354:
in July 2020. The ZAD du Carnet was occupied in late August in order to stop the preparatory works for the expansion of the port of
1191: 673:) to distribute the electricity generated by renewable sources, mainly wind turbines. The word "amassada" means "assembly" in the 5692: 1717: 1056:"Comment le mot "zadiste" s'est intĂ©grĂ© dans le langage courant [How the word "Zadist" became part of everyday language]" 4138: 2652: 2555: 1161:"Une journĂ©e sur la Zad urbaine de Rouen - expulsĂ©e vendredi matin [A day on urban Zad Rouen – evicted Friday morning]" 5707: 4220: 3661: 1848: 1583: 1549: 2797: 5411: 4615: 4032: 3286: 2824: 5732: 5253: 4775: 4715: 3357: 2771: 2487: 5838: 4210: 1369: 830: 2080:"Saint-Pierre-de-Colombier. Zad Ă©vacuĂ©e, la prĂ©fète de l'Ardèche : " Je ne tolĂ©rerai pas d'occupation illĂ©gale "" 6127: 5682: 3167: 867:
ZAD Notre-Dame-des-Landes (also known as ZAD NDDL) is the most well-known 'Zone to Defend' in France. Located in the
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department north of Rouen, was occupied in December 2012 by activists concerned by its sale to Immochan (now part of
722: 1272:"Notre-Dame-des-Landes rĂŞve d'une issue Ă  la Plogoff [Notre-Dame-des-Landes dreams of an exit like Plogoff]" 5291: 3499: 1743:"Évacuation de la ZAD d'Agen : la journĂ©e en images [Evacuation of the Agen ZAD: the day in pictures]" 5346: 5050: 4765: 2455:"Abandon du projet de Center Parcs Ă  Roybon : "La prioritĂ©, c'est l'Ă©vacuation de la ZAD", demande le maire" 2226:"Aveyron : Ă©vacuĂ©s de la ZAD de l'Amassada, des manifestants Ă  nouveau repoussĂ©s par les forces de l'ordre" 1769:"Sainte-Colombe-en-Bruilhois. ZAD: et maintenant? [Sainte-Colombe-en-Bruilhois. What now with the ZAD?]" 5672: 5622: 5571: 5351: 5055: 3071: 2193:"Le Carnet, en Loire-Atlantique : "Nous appelons Ă  la rĂ©sistance", une ZAD contre le projet du Grand port" 761:
was occupied in October 2020, when environmental activists wanted to prevent the expansion of a quarry run by
178:(1971–1981), the protests against the proposed nuclear power plant at Creys-Malville, in Isère (1977), and at 6122: 5662: 5647: 4630: 4605: 4069: 3929: 1768: 210: 133:
movement in Italy have both been compared to ZADs. The ZAD de la Colline was the first Swiss Zone to Defend.
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The ZAD du Moulin was established in 2017 to resist the building of the A355 motorway also known as GCO (
328: 278: 3924: 3794: 3206:, documentary by de Thibault Férié, Point du jour, 52 min, 2013 (broadcast in October 2013 by France 3). 5175: 4815: 4600: 4245: 4103: 3991: 3129: 678: 322:
After a demonstration of 2,500 people in October 2019 against a proposed marina, the ZAD de la Dune at
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Le Hir, Pierre; Girard, Laurence; Valo, Martine; Garric, Audrey; Barroux, RĂ©mi (24 October 2015).
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The ZADs have multiplied in France after the state's failed eviction of the protest occupation at
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Activists began a solidarity project called ZAD Patate in 2013, which opposed the destruction of
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and that their plan had been copied. They remained concerned that the land would be developed.
666: 561: 1573: 1539: 5796: 5637: 5617: 5601: 5546: 5531: 5506: 5491: 5471: 5431: 5386: 5371: 5326: 5165: 4975: 4955: 4915: 4900: 4745: 4725: 4505: 4280: 4255: 4198: 4148: 3594: 3539: 3404: 3394: 3389: 2586: 2296:"L'engagement opérationnel de la police dans le cadre du squat de la ZAD est terminé | VD.CH" 871: 389: 222: 86: 73: 3257: 1137: 5984: 5852: 5845: 5754: 5687: 5581: 5576: 5561: 5551: 5486: 5461: 5446: 5441: 5426: 5406: 5356: 5341: 5281: 5276: 5220: 5081: 5070: 5060: 5045: 5035: 4985: 4940: 4920: 4870: 4850: 4845: 4825: 4820: 4805: 4800: 4785: 4770: 4755: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4685: 4675: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4591: 4405: 4375: 4365: 4119: 4093: 3228: 1168: 1004: 995:
was killed by a stun grenade fired by police and the following year the dam was cancelled.
952: 366:. Activists voiced their concerns about destruction of 110 hectares of wetlands beside the 323: 175: 1687: 8: 6107: 6102: 5887: 5817: 5717: 5565: 5556: 5541: 5496: 5466: 5436: 5376: 5321: 5316: 5286: 5155: 5040: 5030: 5015: 4995: 4990: 4970: 4950: 4945: 4910: 4905: 4895: 4875: 4830: 4810: 4730: 4720: 4650: 4545: 4435: 4316: 4230: 4193: 4168: 4133: 4108: 4075: 4064: 3884: 3874: 3789: 3757: 3670: 3599: 1688:"Près d'Agen, une Zad pour que " les bulldozers n'aillent pas plus vite que la justice "" 1199: 1020: 939: 311: 271: 239: 2107:"Les habitants d'Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue montent une ZAD pour protĂ©ger la zone du PLAN" 1903:"Yvelines : les anti-carrières toujours vent debout contre le projet de cimenterie" 167: 54: 6047: 5949: 5939: 5894: 5880: 5712: 5657: 5536: 5526: 5516: 5451: 5421: 5381: 5366: 5331: 5239: 5213: 5025: 5010: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4855: 4790: 4740: 4735: 4520: 4445: 4260: 4250: 4153: 4087: 4053: 4007: 3343: 3177: 1925: 1514:"GĂ©ographies en mouvement - "Les ZAD sont l'apprentissage des communs" - LibĂ©ration.fr" 1379: 1362:
The Zad and NoTAV: Territorial struggles and the making of a new political intelligence
698: 432: 110: 5994: 4390: 1718:"OĂą sont les ZAD aujourd'hui en France? [Where are the ZADs today in France]?" 5989: 5922: 5642: 5476: 5401: 5396: 5361: 5185: 5115: 4960: 4865: 4760: 4475: 4345: 4128: 4081: 3844: 3721: 3574: 3434: 3163: 3103:"Besançon. Anne Vignot demande la " dĂ©construction de la tour " de la Zad des VaĂ®tes" 2772:"Occupation de la ZAD du Mormont – Lettre ouverte d'un Nobel Ă  une dame pas contente" 1796:"EuropaCity: les modifications apportĂ©es au projet ne convainquent pas les opposants" 1579: 1545: 1365: 943: 814: 790: 609: 247: 231: 150: 142: 118: 37: 3243: 2852:"Strasbourg : une Ă©bauche de ZAD contre le projet de grand contournement ouest" 5915: 5824: 5768: 5722: 5697: 5206: 5095: 4535: 4480: 4395: 4265: 4240: 4183: 4158: 4059: 4001: 3969: 3954: 3889: 3829: 3799: 3779: 3747: 3711: 3694: 3682: 3589: 3549: 3459: 3454: 3212:, documentary by Christian Baudu, Canal automedia NopubNosub, 31 min, January 2013. 868: 766: 701:, protested against the expansion of a nuclear waste storage facility known as the 674: 540: 475: 336: 106: 1973:"Rixe mortelle Ă  Oloron-Sainte-Marie: un deuxième homme est mort de ses blessures" 777:. In November 2020, the squatters appealed a decision made by the municipality of 6014: 5866: 5652: 5591: 5145: 4555: 4455: 4450: 4430: 4400: 4355: 4350: 4340: 4305: 4178: 4027: 3849: 3824: 3752: 3529: 3409: 3239: 3200:, documentary by Vincent Lapize, Ă€ perte de vue & RĂ©el Factory, 77 min, 2015. 1541:
Bioregional Planning and Design: Volume I: Perspectives on a Transitional Century
1465: 964: 303: 186: 4510: 4330: 992: 737: 604: 235: 146: 49: 5789: 5782: 5160: 5150: 4410: 4325: 4235: 3949: 3944: 3934: 3869: 3839: 3554: 3484: 3439: 3419: 3414: 2746:"Chic, une première ZAD en Suisse [Cool, the first ZAD in Switzerland]" 837: 794: 758: 742: 726: 714: 496: 453: 258: 194: 126: 114: 6086: 6029: 5831: 4570: 4525: 4490: 4470: 4425: 4380: 4275: 4225: 4143: 3964: 3909: 3494: 3489: 3469: 2798:"Canton de Vaud – Appel au sabotage: la ZAD de la colline recadre son propos" 1308:"Les militants de Notre-Dame-des-Landes tentent de disséminer leur mouvement" 1035: 895: 754: 355: 339:
said she would not tolerate any such project. In December 2019, residents of
206: 81: 855: 6024: 5999: 5979: 5944: 5775: 5761: 5677: 5110: 5100: 4575: 4500: 4440: 4415: 4360: 4012: 3974: 3939: 3464: 3399: 3247: 2522:"Cinq interpellations ce jeudi matin sur la "ZAD" de l'Amassada en Aveyron" 833: 774: 899: 6004: 5667: 4580: 4550: 4540: 4495: 4370: 3959: 3914: 3879: 3569: 3479: 1468:"Notre-Dame-des-Landes inspired other protests", The Cross, 2 August 2013 746: 694: 665:
department, was set up in December 2014 to oppose the construction of an
363: 298: 251: 202: 189:: "Zad Partout") and though there are no official figures, in early 2016 2556:"Contre l'Ă©olien industriel, la Zad de l'Amassada s'organise pour durer" 2054:"Zad de. BrĂ©tignolles-sur-Mer dĂ©mantelĂ©e : Evelyne Bouillon rĂ©agit" 1008: 351: 5140: 5125: 5120: 4565: 4037: 3687: 3564: 3534: 3429: 985: 818: 615: 227: 2914:"France abandons plan for €580m airport and orders squatters off site" 2426:"Allemagne: La Zad Rheinland dĂ©fend son village face aux excavatrices" 1634:"Plaine de Montesson: Le champ des opposants Ă  l'urbanisation saccagĂ©" 1431:"Mort de RĂ©mi Fraisse Ă  Sivens : Les juges ordonnent un non-lieu" 332: 21: 6072: 6019: 5969: 5954: 5262: 5180: 5130: 4460: 4022: 3579: 3474: 3366: 778: 262: 45: 41: 2715:"Evacuation de la ZAD de Bure: mais Ă  qui appartient le Bois-Lejuc?" 4485: 4042: 3726: 3544: 3325: 3251: 3041:"Center Parcs de Roybon : l'arrĂŞt du projet confirmĂ© en appel" 2328:"Des zadistes Ă©vacuĂ©s de la ferme bio des Bouillons, près de Rouen" 935: 822: 517: 344: 289:
Not all ZADs involve permanent occupations. The ZAD du Triangle at
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activists were still wary of other developments. Local people in
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French sites occupied by citizens to resist development projects
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Cauvy, AnaĂŻs Martin; Vaucluse, France Bleu (18 December 2019).
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One of the many structures built on roads crossing through the
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The ZAD de la Colline became the first Swiss ZAD after land at
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still needed to be expropriated, since he refused to sell it.
4560: 3320: 2945:"A Notre-Dame-des-Landes, de nouvelles Ă©vacuations redoutĂ©es" 2653:"Protesters clash with police at anti-nuclear demo in France" 1222:""The country slingshots against the "unnecessary" projects"" 633: 367: 163: 98: 58: 5231: 3335: 3300: 3007:"Notre-Dame-des-Landes. Matignon accorde une trĂŞve Ă  la Zad" 6009: 5974: 2000:"Expulsion de la Zad de la Dune: des occupant·es racontent" 1876:"Brueil-en-Vexin : les anti-carrière ont levĂ© le camp" 931: 282: 3305: 1821:
Kokabi, Alexandre-Reza; Cadoret, NnoMan (3 October 2019).
863:. It serves as a lookout tower in case of eviction (2016). 185:
One of the movement's first slogans was "ZAD everywhere" (
153:: "zone d'amĂ©nagement diffĂ©rĂ©"). In 2015, the French term 3315: 2684:"Manifestation Ă  Bure : "Mon pied a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©chiquetĂ©"" 1661:"Un zadiste de Sainte-Colombe-en-Bruilhois retrouvĂ© mort" 907: 25:
A 2019 map showing the location of various ZADs in France
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in the Loire-Atlantique department. The site is between
293:, to the north of Paris, was set up to counter plans by 1814: 1130:"Une ZAD voit le jour au milieu des champs près d'Agen" 938:, was created to oppose the proposed construction of a 2263:"La tension monte Ă  Bure, future ZAD nuclĂ©aire ?" 1398: 765:. The occupation was supported by an open letter from 5628:
Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now
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JAUNET, Christophe; WAJDZIK, Arnaud (25 April 2018).
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Ecoterrorisme: Altermondialisme, Ă©cologie, animalisme
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The ZAD was evicted by 500 police in September 2018.
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Expansion of existing nuclear waste storage facility
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The thirty inhabitants were planning to construct a
3218:, documentary by Pierrick Morin, 70 min, mars 2012. 2825:"Bio contre bio Ă  la ZAD de la ferme des Bouillons" 2453:Desmas, Margot; Ebbhah, Florine; Borrelly, Damien. 3130:"Vigie des VaĂ®tes Ă  Besançon : oĂą en est-on?" 1823:"Les opposants Ă  EuropaCity prĂŞts Ă  crĂ©er une Zad" 1335:"La forĂŞt de Hambach, une "zad" contre le charbon" 2321: 2319: 2317: 2187: 2185: 1894: 1605: 1301: 1299: 1297: 703:Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory 6084: 2452: 2098: 2024: 1945:Bigorre, BĂ©arn; Hourt, Fanette (20 March 2016). 1392: 1007:occupied land in Les Vaites on the east side of 246:; a nuclear waste storage project called CigĂ©o ( 3157: 1787: 1572:DenĂ©cĂ©, Eric; Assi, Jamil Abou (8 April 2016). 1359: 250:: Centre industriel de stockage gĂ©ologique) in 2650: 2644: 2622:"Bure dans la Meuse : l'autre ZAD ?" 2314: 2182: 1900: 1711: 1709: 1606:Dhollande-Monnier, Victor (21 November 2014). 1538:Fanfani, David; Ruiz, Alberto Matarán (2020). 1294: 1003:On 17 July 2020, activists from ANV-COP21 and 501:Destruction of farmland for a shopping centre 238:was killed by the French police; the proposed 157:(English: Zadist) entered the 2016 edition of 68:which helped a broader campaign to defeat the 5247: 3351: 3063: 3004: 2104: 2045: 2018: 1867: 1820: 1793: 1679: 1652: 1214: 898:was formed in 2020 to protect the village of 3233: 2051: 1998:Paris, DĂ©sobĂ©issance Ecolo (11 April 2020). 1944: 1761: 327:since restrictions were in place due to the 141:The acronym "ZAD" meaning "zone to defend" ( 2385: 2383: 1965: 1930:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1735: 1706: 1537: 1483:"Nuclear waste: keep out for 100,000 years" 480:Destruction of wetlands for port expansion 5254: 5240: 5136:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism 3358: 3344: 3290:, France Culture, 17 May 2018 (in French). 3262:, Documentary by Ryan Powell, Novara Media 3216:Notre-Dame-des-Landes, au cĹ“ur de la lutte 3182:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2448: 2446: 2419: 2417: 2257: 2255: 2025:Guitton-Boussion, Justine (9 April 2020). 1794:Garcin-Berson, Wladimir (5 October 2019). 1571: 1384:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1263: 1183: 1121: 2905: 2874: 2849: 2843: 2744:Miauton, Marie-HĂ©lène (25 October 2020). 2549: 2547: 2515: 2513: 2351: 2349: 2132: 2130: 2128: 1938: 1626: 1152: 1047: 591:Destruction of forest for a Center Parcs 2911: 2880: 2737: 2380: 2325: 2220: 2218: 2162: 1873: 1715: 1480: 1333:Versieux, Nathalie (17 September 2018). 1332: 1326: 975: 854: 844: 736: 20: 5693:Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca 3100: 3069: 3034: 3032: 2973: 2967: 2942: 2936: 2743: 2713:Pommier, SĂ©bastien (22 February 2018). 2712: 2706: 2681: 2675: 2651:Burrows-Taylor, Evie (16 August 2017). 2584: 2578: 2482: 2480: 2443: 2424:Guibert, Christelle (10 October 2021). 2423: 2414: 2252: 2077: 1658: 1305: 1238: 1189: 545:Destruction of farmland for an airport 416:Construction of electricity substation 6133:Urban studies and planning terminology 6085: 4139:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA 2822: 2619: 2613: 2553: 2544: 2519: 2510: 2465:from the original on 12 September 2020 2356:Moreau, Caroline (11 September 2018). 2355: 2346: 2163:Aufauvre, Nicolas (3 September 2020). 2125: 2052:Giovaninetti, Claire (15 April 2020). 2031:Reporterre, le quotidien de l'Ă©cologie 1827:Reporterre, le quotidien de l'Ă©cologie 1716:Quintard, Mathieu (13 December 2017). 1692:Reporterre, le quotidien de l'Ă©cologie 1685: 1578:(in French). Tallandier. p. 297. 1269: 1196:Reporterre, le quotidien de l'Ă©cologie 1165:Reporterre, le quotidien de l'Ă©cologie 1158: 1134:Reporterre, le quotidien de l'Ă©cologie 1127: 1096: 784: 242:project in the forest of Chambaran in 5235: 3339: 3121: 2998: 2804:(in French). ATS/NXP. 3 December 2020 2587:"Voleurs de vent, semeurs de tempĂŞte" 2290: 2288: 2215: 2203:from the original on 3 September 2020 1997: 1511: 1476: 1474: 1364:(English language ed.). London. 1128:Daniel, Emmanuel (16 December 2014). 1092: 1090: 1054:Cain, Blandine Le (7 February 2015). 3038: 3029: 2554:Lassus, ValĂ©rie (12 February 2019). 2477: 1190:Binctin, BarnabĂ© (11 January 2014). 1159:Daniel, Emmanuel (7 November 2014). 1053: 906:state of Germany from demolition by 638:Destruction of wetlands for housing 5733:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign 3094: 2790: 2764: 2682:Goument, RaphaĂ«l (18 August 2017). 1991: 1608:"ZAD: La rĂ©volte s'Ă©tend en France" 1531: 1239:Caillat, Sophie (4 November 2014). 373: 13: 5708:Squatters' Action for Secure Homes 3151: 3127: 3039:Valo, Martine (16 December 2016). 2924:from the original on 23 April 2019 2893:from the original on 23 April 2019 2850:Caravagna, LĂ©o (7 February 2017). 2823:Boudet, Antoine (10 August 2015). 2816: 2620:Barral, Anne-Laure (6 July 2016). 2402:from the original on 23 April 2019 2389: 2285: 2156: 2071: 1841: 1599: 1565: 1481:Stothard, Michael (14 July 2016). 1471: 1232: 1087: 831:Members of the European Parliament 817:: Grand contournement ouest) near 335:was evicted in June and the local 14: 6144: 5683:Ontario Coalition Against Poverty 3294: 2912:Willsher, Kim (17 January 2018). 2520:Serdic, Lucas (7 February 2019). 2078:Soudani, Anthony (15 June 2020). 1686:Giraud, Baptiste (7 March 2016). 1659:Chauwin, Helene (22 March 2016). 671:RĂ©seau de Transport d'ÉlectricitĂ© 6043: 6042: 5200: 4174:International Conference of Rome 4164:International Conference of Rome 2974:Kerinec, Moran (30 April 2018). 2273:from the original on 14 May 2018 2142:France 3 Bourgogne-Franche-ComtĂ© 1441:from the original on 16 May 2018 1097:Soutra, Hugo (1 February 2016). 522:Proposed motorway in Strasbourg 149:of "deferred development area" ( 64:The most notable example is the 6060: 3210:Des tracteurs contre des avions 3082:from the original on 5 May 2019 3051:from the original on 6 May 2019 3017:from the original on 4 May 2019 2986:from the original on 4 May 2019 2955:from the original on 4 May 2019 2862:from the original on 5 May 2019 2725:from the original on 5 May 2019 2694:from the original on 5 May 2019 2663:from the original on 5 May 2019 2632:from the original on 5 May 2019 2601:from the original on 5 May 2019 2566:from the original on 6 May 2019 2532:from the original on 6 May 2019 2498:from the original on 5 May 2019 2368:from the original on 5 May 2019 1874:Gherdane, Mehdi (6 July 2019). 1493:from the original on 5 May 2019 1453: 1423: 1353: 40:: zone Ă  dĂ©fendre) is a French 5673:National Union of the Homeless 5623:Advisory Service for Squatters 4286:Australian Anarchist Centenary 4211:German Revolution of 1918–1919 3191: 3101:Barbier, Éric (17 July 2020). 3070:Kerinec, Moran (5 July 2018). 2881:Willsher, Kim (9 April 2018). 1855:(in French). 16 September 2020 1512:Fumey, Gilles (14 July 2020). 1270:Morice, Louis (29 July 2013). 1078: 493:ZAD de la ferme des Bouillons 216: 1: 5261: 3925:Decentralized planned economy 3365: 3316:ZAD de Notre-Dames-des-Landes 3287:Territoires d'exception (4/4) 3128:L., HĂ©lène (21 August 2020). 2943:Barroux, RĂ©mi (16 May 2018). 2459:France 3 Auvergne-RhĂ´ne-Alpes 1979:(in French). 21 December 2019 1306:Barroux, RĂ©mi (10 May 2013). 1041: 652: 211:expansion of Heathrow Airport 209:squat protesting against the 5703:Revolutionary Housing League 3520:Proletarian internationalism 3160:Saisons: Nouvelles de la zad 910:, which wants to expand the 889: 861:ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes 851:ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes 536:ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes 507:ZAD evicted, farmland saved 66:ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes 44:used to refer to a militant 7: 5839:No Land! No House! No Vote! 4221:1919 United States bombings 2390:G, S; K, G (11 July 2018). 2326:Le Monde (19 August 2015). 2232:(in French). Archived from 1977:France 3 Nouvelle-Aquitaine 1665:France 3 Nouvelle-Aquitaine 1407:(in French). Archived from 1247:(in French). Archived from 1198:(in French). Archived from 1167:(in French). Archived from 1136:(in French). Archived from 1105:(in French). Archived from 1062:(in French). Archived from 1014: 459:Expansion of cement quarry 279:Sainte-Colombe-en-Bruilhois 10: 6149: 5663:Landless Workers' Movement 5648:Homeless Workers' Movement 5176:Situationist International 4246:Spanish Revolution of 1936 4104:Self-managed social center 2585:Myriade, Pierre M (2016). 983: 848: 732: 145:: "zone Ă  dĂ©fendre") is a 136: 6038: 5932: 5909:The Strategy of the Snail 5746: 5610: 5269: 5195: 5080: 4640: 4590: 4315: 4301:Really Really Free Market 4296:1999 Seattle WTO protests 4118: 3990: 3898: 3862: 3815: 3738: 3669: 3660: 3610: 3585:Temporary autonomous zone 3510:Permanent autonomous zone 3445:Consensus decision-making 3373: 3204:Le tarmac est dans le prĂ© 2302:(in French). 1 April 2021 2197:France 3 Pays de la Loire 2144:(in French). 22 June 2020 1640:(in French). 28 June 2015 1031:Temporary Autonomous Zone 1026:Permanent Autonomous Zone 998: 971: 917: 808: 741:ZAD de la Colline in the 657:The ZAD de l'Amassada at 629: 603: 582: 557: 534: 513: 492: 471: 449: 428: 407: 402: 399: 396: 393: 388: 385: 6128:Squatting in Switzerland 5860:Squatting the real story 4291:Carnival Against Capital 4216:Bavarian Soviet Republic 4205:Manifesto of the Sixteen 4099:Radical environmentalism 4048:Independent Media Center 3980:Workers' self-management 3425:Autonomous social center 3266: 3158:Mauvaise Troupe (2017). 2494:. AFP. 31 October 2014. 2392:"ZAD: The State of Play" 1775:(in French). 1 June 2016 1749:(in French). 31 May 2016 1360:Mauvaise Troupe (2018). 723:Minister of the Interior 719:Maison de la RĂ©sistance. 341:Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue 182:in the 1970s and 1980s. 125:. The occupation of the 72:, a proposed airport in 5902:The Silverado Squatters 3920:Cost the limit of price 1103:La Gazette des Communes 912:Garzweiler surface mine 880:AĂ©roport du Grand Ouest 707:Maison de la RĂ©sistance 688: 659:Saint-Victor-et-Melvieu 569:Garzweiler surface mine 191:La Gazette des Communes 70:AĂ©roport du Grand Ouest 5874:The Cambridge Squatter 4716:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3525:Propaganda of the deed 3515:Prefigurative politics 3505:Participatory politics 3450:Conscientious objector 3234: 981: 904:North Rhine-Westphalia 864: 750: 667:electricity substation 623:Development cancelled 597:Development cancelled 562:North Rhine-Westphalia 350:A ZAD was occupied in 26: 5638:Eurodusnie Collective 5618:Abahlali baseMjondolo 5166:Libertarian socialism 4281:Kate Sharpley Library 4256:Red inverted triangle 4199:High Treason Incident 4189:Congress of Amsterdam 3595:Voluntary association 3405:Anti-authoritarianism 3395:Anarchist criminology 3390:Anarchist Black Cross 3259:Return To The Commons 3222:La rĂ©sistance respire 979: 953:Pierre & Vacances 858: 845:Notre-Dame-des-Landes 740: 679:ÉlectricitĂ© de France 223:Notre-Dame-des-Landes 74:Notre-Dame-des-Landes 24: 6123:Squatting in Germany 5985:Occupation (protest) 5797:In Krakende Welstand 5688:Picture the Homeless 5207:Anarchism portal 4611:Fictional characters 4094:Radical cheerleading 3229:A Place to Fight For 3198:Le dernier continent 1464:3 March 2016 at the 1084:Le Petit Robert 2016 1005:Extinction Rebellion 324:Bretignolles-sur-Mer 316:PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Atlantiques 6118:Squatting in France 6098:Anarchism in France 5888:The Harvest Gypsies 5718:The City is For All 5292:Antigua and Barbuda 5156:Left-libertarianism 4231:Kronstadt rebellion 4169:Trial of the Thirty 4134:Revolutions of 1848 4076:No gods, no masters 3885:Synthesis anarchism 3875:Anarcho-syndicalism 3863:Types of federation 3238:), feature film by 3235:Une zone Ă  dĂ©fendre 2236:on 20 December 2019 1544:. Springer Nature. 1282:on 16 November 2016 1021:Anarchism in France 785:Ferme des Bouillons 382: 312:Oloron-Sainte-Marie 272:guerrilla gardening 234:where the activist 129:in Germany and the 6113:Politics of France 5940:Adverse possession 5895:The Legacy of Luna 5881:The Good Terrorist 5713:Take Back the Land 5658:Justice Not Crisis 5106:Anti-globalization 4776:Dominican Republic 4601:Anarcho-punk bands 4261:Labadie Collection 4251:Barcelona May Days 4154:Cantonal rebellion 4088:Property is theft! 4054:The Internationale 4008:Anarchist bookfair 3807:Without adjectives 3662:Schools of thought 3284:, Cultures Monde, 3134:www.macommune.info 2230:France 3 Occitanie 1437:. 9 January 2018. 982: 865: 751: 551:Airport cancelled 450:ZAD de la Colline 408:ZAD de l'Amassada 378: 27: 6056: 6055: 5990:Pavement dwellers 5923:We, the Invisible 5853:Squatter's Rights 5755:A Squatter's Tale 5643:Exodus Collective 5352:England and Wales 5229: 5228: 5186:Spontaneous order 5116:Anti-war movement 4621:Jewish anarchists 4129:French Revolution 4082:Popular education 3858: 3857: 3575:Spontaneous order 3435:Classless society 3301:ZAD de L'Amassada 3272:Florian Delorme, 3107:L'Est Republicain 2802:Tribune de Genève 2396:The Brooklyn Rail 2269:. 18 April 2018. 2004:Club de Mediapart 1585:979-10-210-0730-7 1551:978-3-030-45870-6 791:Mont-Saint-Aignan 669:required by RTE ( 650: 649: 329:COVID-19 pandemic 205:in Italy and the 6140: 6078: 6077: 6064: 6046: 6045: 5916:Two Up, Two Down 5825:Miracle in Milan 5723:The Land is Ours 5698:Reclaim The City 5256: 5249: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5096:Anti-consumerism 5091:Anti-corporatism 4241:Amakasu Incident 4184:Strandza Commune 4159:Haymarket affair 4060:Jewish anarchism 4002:A las Barricadas 3970:Social ownership 3955:Market socialism 3930:Free association 3890:Union of egoists 3667: 3666: 3600:Workers' council 3590:Union of egoists 3550:Security culture 3460:Decentralization 3455:Critique of work 3360: 3353: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3237: 3187: 3181: 3173: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3036: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2551: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2517: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2484: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2421: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2387: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2353: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2334:(in French). AFP 2323: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2292: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2259: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2222: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2189: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2134: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1929: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1791: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1765: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1739: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1713: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1535: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1478: 1469: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1427: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1383: 1375: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1303: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1278:. Archived from 1267: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1094: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1066:on 30 March 2016 1051: 869:Loire-Atlantique 789:Land located at 767:Jacques Dubochet 699:Meuse department 675:Occitan language 541:Loire-Atlantique 476:Loire-Atlantique 383: 381: 377: 374:Notable projects 281:was set up near 261:on the plain of 201:movement in the 197:in Germany, the 168:DĂ©cines-Charpieu 107:Loire-Atlantique 55:DĂ©cines-Charpieu 6148: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6137: 6093:2010s in France 6083: 6082: 6081: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6052: 6034: 6015:Squatters union 5995:Pueblos jĂłvenes 5928: 5742: 5653:Homes Not Jails 5606: 5512:Solomon Islands 5265: 5260: 5230: 5225: 5201: 5199: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5146:Labour movement 5076: 5075: 5074: 4636: 4635: 4634: 4586: 4585: 4584: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4306:Occupy movement 4179:Ferrer movement 4114: 4113: 4112: 4028:Escuela Moderna 3986: 3985: 3984: 3894: 3854: 3811: 3775:Insurrectionary 3734: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3530:Refusal of work 3415:Anti-militarism 3410:Anti-capitalism 3369: 3364: 3297: 3269: 3240:Romain Cogitore 3194: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3154: 3152:Further reading 3149: 3139: 3137: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3037: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2618: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2552: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2518: 2511: 2501: 2499: 2486: 2485: 2478: 2468: 2466: 2451: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2422: 2415: 2405: 2403: 2388: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2354: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2324: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2276: 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1228:. 30 June 2013. 1220: 1219: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1188: 1184: 1174: 1172: 1157: 1153: 1143: 1141: 1126: 1122: 1112: 1110: 1095: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1069: 1067: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1017: 1001: 988: 974: 965:strawbale house 948:Court of Appeal 920: 892: 853: 847: 811: 787: 735: 691: 655: 379: 376: 304:Brueil-en-Vexin 219: 176:Larzac struggle 159:Le Petit Robert 139: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6146: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6080: 6079: 6076:. 6 July 2023. 6058: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5933:Related topics 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5790:Garbage Dreams 5786: 5783:Emergency Exit 5779: 5772: 5765: 5758: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5738:Zone to Defend 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5347:Czech Republic 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5259: 5258: 5251: 5244: 5236: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5161:Libertarianism 5158: 5153: 5151:Left communism 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082:Related topics 5078: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5051:United Kingdom 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4766:Czech Republic 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4421:González Prada 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4236:Makhnovshchina 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4149:Hague Congress 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 3998: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3950:Labour voucher 3947: 3945:Give-away shop 3942: 3937: 3935:General strike 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3870:Affinity group 3866: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3840:Post-anarchist 3837: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3809: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3765: 3763:Social ecology 3760: 3750: 3744: 3742: 3740:Post-classical 3736: 3735: 3733: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3719: 3709: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3675: 3673: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3560:Social ecology 3557: 3555:Self-ownership 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3485:Horizontalidad 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3440:Class struggle 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3420:Affinity group 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3348: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3295:External links 3293: 3292: 3291: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3263: 3255: 3244:François Civil 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3168: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3120: 3093: 3062: 3028: 2997: 2966: 2935: 2904: 2873: 2842: 2815: 2789: 2763: 2736: 2705: 2674: 2643: 2612: 2577: 2543: 2509: 2476: 2442: 2413: 2379: 2345: 2313: 2284: 2251: 2214: 2181: 2155: 2124: 2097: 2070: 2058:L'ouest France 2044: 2017: 1990: 1964: 1937: 1893: 1866: 1853:Infolibertaire 1840: 1813: 1786: 1760: 1734: 1705: 1678: 1651: 1625: 1598: 1584: 1564: 1550: 1530: 1504: 1470: 1452: 1422: 1391: 1371:978-1786634962 1370: 1352: 1325: 1293: 1262: 1231: 1213: 1202:on 14 May 2016 1182: 1171:on 13 May 2016 1151: 1140:on 13 May 2016 1120: 1086: 1077: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1016: 1013: 1000: 997: 984:Main article: 973: 970: 961:Barricade Sud. 919: 916: 891: 888: 849:Main article: 846: 843: 810: 807: 795:Seine-Maritime 786: 783: 759:Canton of Vaud 743:Canton of Vaud 734: 731: 727:Gerard Collomb 690: 687: 654: 651: 648: 647: 645: 642: 639: 636: 631: 630:ZAD de Vaites 627: 626: 624: 621: 618: 612: 607: 601: 600: 598: 595: 592: 589: 584: 583:ZAD de Roybon 580: 579: 577: 574: 571: 565: 559: 558:ZAD Rhineland 555: 554: 552: 549: 546: 543: 538: 532: 531: 529: 526: 523: 520: 515: 514:ZAD du Moulin 511: 510: 508: 505: 502: 499: 497:Seine-Maritime 494: 490: 489: 487: 484: 481: 478: 473: 472:ZAD du Carnet 469: 468: 466: 463: 460: 457: 456:, Switzerland 454:Canton of Vaud 451: 447: 446: 444: 441: 438: 435: 430: 426: 425: 423: 420: 417: 414: 409: 405: 404: 401: 398: 395: 392: 387: 380:Zone to Defend 375: 372: 259:market gardens 218: 215: 195:Hambach Forest 138: 135: 127:Hambach Forest 115:Seine-Maritime 30:Zone to Defend 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6145: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6049: 6041: 6040: 6037: 6031: 6030:Villa miseria 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5846:Shadow Cities 5843: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5832:Night Lodgers 5829: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5572:United States 5570: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5209: 5208: 5197: 5194: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5056:United States 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4816:French Guiana 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4226:Biennio Rosso 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4144:Paris Commune 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3993: 3989: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3965:Mutual credit 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3910:Communization 3908: 3907: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3700:Philosophical 3698: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3678:Individualist 3676: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3621:Animal rights 3619: 3615: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3490:Individualism 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3470:Direct action 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3332: 3331:ZAD du Testet 3329: 3327: 3326:ZAD de Roybon 3324: 3322: 3321:ZAD Rhineland 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3311:ZAD du Moulin 3309: 3307: 3306:ZAD du Carnet 3304: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3185: 3179: 3171: 3169:9782841624225 3165: 3161: 3156: 3155: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3108: 3104: 3097: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3066: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3035: 3033: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3001: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2908: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2751: 2747: 2740: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2709: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2550: 2548: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2464: 2461:(in French). 2460: 2456: 2449: 2447: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2418: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2386: 2384: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2352: 2350: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2301: 2297: 2291: 2289: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2248: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2221: 2219: 2202: 2199:(in French). 2198: 2194: 2188: 2186: 2170: 2166: 2159: 2143: 2139: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2112: 2108: 2101: 2085: 2081: 2074: 2059: 2055: 2048: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2005: 2001: 1994: 1978: 1974: 1968: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1933: 1927: 1920: 1908: 1904: 1897: 1881: 1877: 1870: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1828: 1824: 1817: 1801: 1797: 1790: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1723: 1719: 1712: 1710: 1693: 1689: 1682: 1666: 1662: 1655: 1639: 1635: 1629: 1613: 1609: 1602: 1587: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1568: 1553: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1534: 1519: 1515: 1508: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1475: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1411:on 6 May 2016 1410: 1406: 1402: 1395: 1387: 1381: 1373: 1367: 1363: 1356: 1340: 1336: 1329: 1313: 1309: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1266: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1235: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1186: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1155: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1124: 1109:on 5 May 2016 1108: 1104: 1100: 1093: 1091: 1081: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1050: 1046: 1037: 1036:ZAD Rhineland 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1012: 1010: 1006: 996: 994: 987: 978: 969: 966: 962: 958: 954: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 915: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 896:ZAD Rhineland 887: 883: 881: 877: 873: 870: 862: 857: 852: 842: 839: 835: 832: 827: 824: 820: 816: 806: 802: 800: 796: 792: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 748: 744: 739: 730: 728: 725:at the time, 724: 720: 716: 715:GLI-4 grenade 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 686: 682: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 646: 643: 640: 637: 635: 632: 628: 625: 622: 619: 617: 613: 611: 608: 606: 605:ZAD du Testet 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 588: 585: 581: 578: 575: 572: 570: 567:Expansion of 566: 563: 560: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 519: 516: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 498: 495: 491: 488: 485: 482: 479: 477: 474: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 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Index

refer to caption
French
neologism
occupation
détournement
DĂ©cines-Charpieu
Rouen
ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes
AĂ©roport du Grand Ouest
Notre-Dame-des-Landes
Nantes
ZAD du Testet
departments
Aveyron
Bas-Rhin
Doubs
Isère
Loire-Atlantique
Meuse
Seine-Maritime
Tarn
Yvelines
Hambach Forest
No TAV
French
détournement
French
Rouen
DĂ©cines-Charpieu
Larzac struggle

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