651:. The fall of Tirzah after a surprisingly short siege, allows insight into the flaws of Zimri's planning. The capital city lacked the provisions to endure a longer siege. Zimri may have found preparations for a siege unnecessary, or he devoted most of his attention to the purge instead of the defensive measures needed. The general population of the city would be unlikely to take risk in defense of the new regime, as this regime had been dedicated to killing part of the city's residents. The city probably fell with minimal resistance, and Zimri's suicide indicates that Zimri himself accepted the defeat of his forces. His main concern was to escape captivity at the hands of his enemies.
36:
617:, based on the available information in the sparse text. First, Zimri's coup was probably the result of "meticulous planning", and prepared in advance. Within a few days, Zimri and his unnamed supporters managed to hunt down and execute the extended royal family, along with its friends and its supporters. This suggests that the entire ruling circle of the Kingdom was swiftly executed. In Millgram's views, this suggests that Zimri had prepared a hit list which identified the intended victims. The executions were likely carried out by
736:. Following David's precedent, Elah entrusted the leadership of his army to Omri, and stayed away from the front lines. He devoted his own time to alcohol drinking and attending parties. The behavior seems intended to prevent the kings from risking their own lives in war, and to use their soldiers to handle life-threatening situations. Yet, this behavior gave Zimri the opportunity to assassinate Elah, in the absence of most of the royal army.
539:, 24 years before Zimri's rise to the throne. Several writers have suggested that the implication in the text is the army of Israel had been intermittently besieging this city for 24 years, without ever managing to capture it. A testament to the military weakness of Israel under the rule of the House of Baasha.
453:
The narrative continues with Omri and his army rapidly marching towards Tirzah, and besieging the city. Zimri apparently did not expect such a rapid response to his coup, and did not have enough time to organize the defense of the city. The city fell after a brief siege. Zimri set the royal palace on
704:
Robin
Gallaher Branch has observed that the Biblical text uses the term "'ebed" (slave, servant) in reference to Zimri's social position before rising to the throne, rather than the term "mesharet" (free servant) which was often used for military officials serving the Hebrew monarchs. In his view,
480:
William H. Barnes interprets the phrase "half the king's chariot" to mean that there were two chariot military formations in the army of Israel. Zimri apparently led a chariot formation stationed at the city of Tirzah itself, from where it could easily respond to military attacks by the
Kingdom of
492:
at the time of his assassination. The writers of the Books of Kings used this occasion to express their disapproval of political or military leaders drinking to excess. Not directly stated is that Zimri took advantage of the party, to strike at Elah while his guard was down. The
767:(30:21β22) which disparages servants who become kings, apparently because their powerful position makes them "excessively pretentious, arrogant, and disagreeable". Such behaviour by Zimri could explain why he lacked sufficient popular support in his conflict with Omri.
762:
and willingness to take decisive action, his short reign exhibits only one outstanding skill of this monarch: Zimri was a "proficient killer". Branch observes that the narrative implies that Zimri lacked administrative skills. He connects Zimri to a passage of the
692:
According to Edward F. Campbell, there is one distinctive feature of the biblical narrative concerning the kings Zimri and Omri. The military of Israel itself is the instigator of the action in this narrative, assisting in the elevation of both kings in power. No
568:. This variant attributes a reign of seven years to Zimri. The difference likely derives from the Hebrew term "Yamim" and how it was interpreted. It is variously translated as "days" or "years", and specifically translates to "years" in passages from the
678:. But Baasha is not mentioned killing Nadab's other supporters. Zimri killed Elah the extended royal family of the House of Baasha, and their supporters. In this narrative of successive usurpations, Zimri's reign thus represents an event of
550:. The text describing the fire is vague enough to allow the possibility that Omri's army had set the palace on fire, instead of Zimri himself. However, the text otherwise indicates that Zimri chose the manner of his death.
473:. The sparse text leaves it unclear whether Tibni was a supporter of Zimri who took over the leadership of Zimri's political faction, or whether he was an opportunist who was merely attempting to take advantage of the
662:, which was a religious duty for the kings of Israel. Millgram makes the observation that the narrative in the Books of Kings presents Zimri as more ruthless and bloodthirsty than the previous usurpers of the king.
435:. The implication here is that Zimri was free to act, because the absent army could not defend king Elah. Presumably Zimri hoped that he could secure his place on the throne before the army could react to his coup.
363:, this lack of detail is a consequence of the ephemerality of Zimri's reign, which reportedly lasted only seven days. Other than his extermination of the House of Baasha, Zimri apparently had no historical impact.
632:, miscalculating his own influence over the royal army. The news of the assassinations may have caught Omri by surprise, but likely inspired the ambitious general to claim the throne for himself. Zimri's
534:
Barnes calls attention to the siege of
Gibbethon in the narrative of Zimri's reign. A previous siege of Gibbethon is mentioned in the First Books of Kings, taking place in the last year of the reign of
298:
Similarly, genealogist David Hughes speculated that Zimri and Tibni were members of the Tribe of
Ephraim, and siblings to each other. He further speculated that they were descendants of Hoshea, son of
542:
The biblical narrative views Zimri's death in the flames as a "tragically heroic" manner of dying, indicating that suicide was not seen as a cowardly way to die. Zimri's suicide has similarities to
709:
who was entrusted with a military position. Zimri's relatively high-ranking military position suggests that he had sufficient "brawn, brute force, and technical skill" to serve in this position.
335:
as king. With their support, Omri laid siege to Tirzah. Finding his position untenable, Zimri set fire to the palace, killing himself. Omri solidified his reign only after four years of war with
575:
Barnes notes that there is a discrepancy in the way the narrative depicts Zimri. He is castigated as a usurper and a traitor in nearly every passage of the narrative, yet treated as a tragic
244:
Tomoo Ishida suggested instead that the narrative of dynastic instability in the
Kingdom of Israel suggests an underlying rivalry among tribes for its throne. In the biblical narrative, the
302:, one of the rulers of the Tribe of Ephraim. Hoshea and Azaziah are characters briefly mentioned in the Books of Chronicles (I Chronicles 27:20), where Hoshea is a contemporary of David:
697:
is depicted in this narrative, there is neither divine intervention, nor any hint of divine approval or disapproval for any action in this narrative. The narrative does not depict any
276:
and Omri thus shared a "common tribal origin", and were possibly kinsmen. Omri and the Tribe of
Issachar's opposition to Zimri indicates that Zimri was not a member of their tribe.
689:. Following Jeroboam and Nadab, Omri becomes the third king of Israel who has neither committed regicide (unlike Baasha and Zimri), nor is the son of a regicide (unlike Elah).
272:, Jezreel was controlled by the Tribe of Issachar. Ishida views the narrative as suggesting that the Omrides themselves were members of the Tribe of Issachar. The assassinated
283:
as likely members of the Tribe of
Ephraim, its candidates in an attempt to reclaim the throne. But he also suggests another hypothesis, that Tibni originated from the city of
701:, and any representative of a deity. The transition in government is thus not explained through an appeal to divine authority, unlike other narratives in the Books of Kings.
355:, King of Israel. The text offers no background information on Zimri, focusing entirely on the assassination of Elah by Zimri, and the subsequent extermination of the
674:, one of Rehoboam's subordinate officials. Baasha had usurped the throne from the legitimate king Nadab, by killing both Nadab and the extended royal family of the
382:. The northernmost areas of the Kingdom of Israel were under the threat of an Aramean invasion, and Baasha had been forced to abandon his control over the city of
424:. Zimri reportedly left the corpses of his victims, the members of the House of Baasha, unburied. The corpses were used as food by the local dogs and birds.
515:
in the biblical narrative. This likely indicates that this monarch's ancestry was humble or obscure. The name 'Zimri" has been suggested to derive from the
1482:
643:
Millgram estimates a distance of 40β50 mi (64β80 km) between Zimri's headquarters in Tirzah, and Omri's headquarters outside the walls of
629:
508:
Zimri's elimination of all members of the previous reigning family was a then-"typical procedure", in order to avoid reprisals from Elah's heirs.
1866:
370:
is not stated in the biblical text, though it is "readily intelligible" from its context in the narrative. in the late years of his reign,
1922:
835:
561:
every king of Israel. Zimri did not reign long enough to emulate
Jeroboam's policies, or to commit the other sins typically indicated.
427:
The biblical text then mentions that the army of Israel was far from Tirzah at the time of the assassination. The army was besieging
1267:
1942:
1892:
814:
939:
TIBNI, rival king, the brother of Zimri, asserting himself as his brother's successor, is usually not numbered in the king-list.
1475:
839:, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983).
1393:
1367:
1341:
1313:
1285:
1257:
1229:
1201:
1173:
438:
In the
Biblical narrative, the army of Israel refuses to accept Zimri as a legitimate king, and instead elects its commander
1912:
564:
While a reign of seven days is usually attributed to Zimri, there is a divergent account in the Greek-language text of the
579:
in the narrative of his death. Zimri's suicide by self-immolation is not unique in ancient narratives. The legendary king
1530:
1492:
654:
The narrative of his brief reign suggests that Zimri never left Tirzah. Consequently, he did not have the time to make a
1468:
844:
401:. The sparse narrative offers no other information on Arza. The narrative does mention that Elah was suffering from
685:
The suicide of Zimri plays a role in the narrative concerning the succession. It absolves Omri from accusations of
800:
1277:
408:
During his short reign, Zimri reportedly managed to exterminate the entire House of Baasha, along with their
628:
which would oppose his regime. He probably expected the rest of the kingdom to accept the regime change as
1301:
The Royal
Dynasties in Ancient Israel: A Study on the Formation and Development of Royal-Dynastic Ideology
1937:
1907:
1565:
1442:
1385:
1359:
149:
54:
1917:
1508:
1130:"Zimri β Briefly, Brightly King: The Strange Story of Israel's Shortest-Reigning King, 1 Kgs 16:8-20"
587:
supposedly died in this manner, and there are similar accounts on the deaths of the historical kings
481:
Judah. The other formation, which is not mentioned in the text, was likely stationed at the city of
1932:
1129:
497:
of the party, Arza, was the supervisor of the palace. Making his position equivalent to that of a
1927:
1897:
1845:
1249:
1239:
553:
The writers of the Books of Kings accuse Zimri of repeating the sins of his distant predecessor,
331:. Zimri succeeded Elah as king. However, Zimri reigned only seven days, because the army elected
233:. In 1 Chronicles 2:6, another character called "Zimri" is listed among the five sons of Zerah:
1333:
809:
607:
1377:
1351:
1295:
1211:
1183:
1159:
952:
1887:
1323:
625:
394:
324:
1329:
The Elijah Enigma: The Prophet, King Ahab and the Rebirth of Monotheism in the Book of Kings
402:
222:
214:
347:
In the biblical text, Zimri is introduced as the military commander who leads half of the
237:
The sons of Zerah: Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara; five of them in all.
8:
1650:
679:
624:
Zimri's swift executions seem to have had a clear purpose, to prevent the formation of a
230:
153:
241:
Allen thought it likely that Zimri, son of Zerah was a namesake ancestor of King Zimri.
1902:
1825:
1635:
796:
923:
799:, she greeted him with the words: "Is it peace, Zimri, you murderer of your master?" (
1861:
1800:
1775:
1760:
1655:
1640:
1625:
1620:
1389:
1363:
1337:
1309:
1305:
1281:
1253:
1225:
1197:
1169:
840:
784:
675:
588:
447:
383:
360:
292:
291:(14th century BC). In the Biblical narrative, this city was under the control of the
257:
245:
35:
367:
1830:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1715:
1685:
1585:
1413:
788:
764:
516:
398:
375:
371:
328:
249:
390:, which likely undermined the political support for the reigning House of Baasha.
1700:
1580:
569:
565:
536:
520:
459:
356:
253:
218:
210:
187:
114:
883:
511:
Despite holding a high-ranking position in the military, Zimri never receives a
397:. Zimri attacked him within the residence of Arza, who was apparently the royal
1840:
1513:
792:
752:
547:
528:
502:
421:
288:
269:
265:
226:
183:
170:
102:
42:
17:
295:. So Tibni could instead be the Tribe of Manasseh's candidate for the throne.
1881:
1820:
1815:
1765:
1460:
1221:
1193:
712:
In the biblical narrative, Elah behaves similarly to his distant predecessor
596:
284:
1810:
1705:
1503:
1419:
648:
603:
580:
474:
161:
670:, but did not actually kill Rehoboam. Jeroboam's supporters merely killed
1835:
1710:
1645:
1590:
1545:
804:
618:
602:
Barnes notes that Zimri was the last king of Israel to use Tirzah as his
494:
482:
432:
202:
72:
1273:
The Legends of the Jews: From Moses to Esther: Notes for Volumes 3 and 4
783:
led a bloody military revolt to seize the throne of Israel, killed both
721:
655:
637:
558:
512:
417:
412:
and their supporters. The narrative claims that Zimri was following an
1780:
1520:
1435:
748:
733:
717:
644:
614:
498:
466:
443:
428:
393:
According to the biblical text, Elah was assassinated in the city of
352:
320:
273:
450:
of the army, and still had more influence on the troops than Zimri.
446:. The text implies that Zimri used to be subordinate to Omri in the
1790:
1785:
1755:
1725:
1695:
1665:
1575:
759:
729:
686:
671:
667:
663:
554:
387:
379:
878:
876:
640:
among the troops, which Omri managed to use for his own purposes.
194:, and did not have an impact in the royal successions of Israel.
1660:
1614:
1555:
776:
740:
706:
694:
592:
584:
455:
409:
348:
316:
299:
261:
165:
157:
97:
954:
The Comprehensive Commentary on the Holy Bible: Ruth-Psalm LXIII
1770:
1745:
1740:
1675:
873:
659:
543:
524:
413:
1670:
1600:
1550:
1352:"Regnal Account of Elah ben Baasha of Israel 1 Kings 16:8-14"
1086:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
713:
698:
633:
489:
470:
386:. In other words, Israel was facing a military and political
336:
280:
206:
191:
82:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
951:
Scott, Thomas; Henry, Matthew (1836). Jenks, William (ed.).
606:. His successor Omri transferred the capital to the city of
557:. This is a standard condemnation, used in the narrative to
1750:
1630:
1610:
1605:
1540:
1452:
1096:
780:
744:
725:
576:
439:
332:
145:
86:
1032:
1013:
988:
961:
720:
during wartime operations, choosing to stay away from the
647:. A distance which an army could cover within two days of
268:, where they maintained a second palace. According to the
1063:
374:
had faced a military alliance against him, formed by the
465:
Following Zimri's death, the narrative continues with a
306:...of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah
190:. Reportedly, this Tribe never received a blessing from
743:. The group of other Biblical suicide victims includes
1378:"Regnal Account of Zimri of Israel: 1 Kings 16:15-22"
739:
Zimri was not the only Biblical character to commit
1296:"The Changes of Dynasties in the Northern Kingdom"
488:Barnes suggests that Elah was attending a private
705:this suggests that Zimri may have been a literal
327:, as Elah was drinking in the house of Arza, his
264:are connected in this narrative with the city of
1879:
724:. David entrusted the leadership of his army to
666:had usurped the throne from the legitimate king
519:. Another possible explanation is that it was a
1490:
1476:
758:While the Biblical narrative depicts Zimri's
287:(also known as Beth-haggan) mentioned in the
1867:List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
186:, Zimri was the only monarch born from the
125:
1483:
1469:
1217:Cornerstone Biblical Commentary: 1-2 Kings
1189:Cornerstone Biblical Commentary: 1-2 Kings
950:
836:The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings
791:king of Judah, and entered the citadel of
523:, a shortening of the phrase "strength of
279:Ishida views both Zimri and his successor
40:Depiction of the coronation of Zimri, from
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
225:, and one of the founding members of the
205:suggested that Zimri was a descendant of
1375:
1349:
1321:
1265:
1245:The Oxford History of the Biblical World
1237:
1165:Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright
1102:
1090:
1007:
982:
917:
915:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
442:as a rival candidate for the throne, an
1209:
1181:
1057:
1026:
866:
864:
862:
850:
728:and devoted his own time to committing
359:which Zimri orchestrated. According to
229:. Allen's speculation was based on the
199:Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright
1880:
1293:
1127:
1108:
921:
454:fire and died in the flames, choosing
1464:
1157:
912:
892:
775:The name Zimri became a byword for a
613:Hillel I. Millgram draws a number of
1128:Branch, Robin Gallaher (June 2007).
859:
813:, the character of Zimri stands for
599:of Assyria (reigned c. 627-612 BC).
152:. His reign lasted only seven days.
13:
1923:Heads of state who died by suicide
1160:"The Prince of the Scarlet Thread"
1151:
885:Bible (World English)/1 Chronicles
405:at the time of the assassination.
339:, another claimant to the throne.
14:
1954:
469:between the rival kings Omri and
55:King of Israel (Northern Kingdom)
23:King of Israel (Northern Kingdom)
1238:Campbell, Edward F. Jr. (2001),
1212:"Zimri Rules in Israel 16:15-20"
716:. David remained in his capital
34:
1376:Sweeney, Marvin Allan (2007b),
1350:Sweeney, Marvin Allan (2007a),
1324:"The Rise of the House of Ahab"
1943:Heroes in mythology and legend
1893:9th-century BC Kings of Israel
1382:I & II Kings: A Commentary
1356:I & II Kings: A Commentary
1278:Johns Hopkins University Press
1184:"Elah Rules in Israel 16:8-14"
1134:Society of Biblical Literature
944:
827:
779:who murdered his master. When
366:The motivation behind Zimri's
323:and all his family members at
209:. Zerah is a character in the
1:
820:
527:". If so, Yahweh was Zimri's
221:. Zerah was the twin brother
144:due to a Greek corruption of
1322:Millgram, Hillel I. (2014),
1210:Barnes, William H. (2012b),
1182:Barnes, William H. (2012a),
7:
1913:Suicides by self-immolation
1386:Westminster John Knox Press
1360:Westminster John Knox Press
462:over surrendering to Omri.
431:, a city controlled by the
342:
177:
10:
1959:
909:Ishida (1977), pp. 171β183
213:, one of the twin sons of
15:
1854:
1799:
1684:
1564:
1529:
1509:Kings of Israel and Judah
1499:
1449:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1404:
1268:"Moses in the Wilderness"
1168:, Health Research Books,
870:Allen (1997), pp. 199β207
770:
595:(reigned 667-648 BC) and
148:), was the fifth king of
140:, also transliterated as
117:
96:
92:
78:
68:
60:
53:
33:
28:
1266:Ginzberg, Louis (1998),
957:. Fessenden and Company.
856:Ginznberg (1998), p. 155
310:
16:Not to be confused with
1846:Antigonus II Mattathias
1334:McFarland & Company
1250:Oxford University Press
319:commander who murdered
168:. His story is told in
156:has dated his reign to
1294:Ishida, Tomoo (1977),
922:Hughes, David (2006).
815:the Duke of Buckingham
810:Absalom and Achitophel
732:with a married woman,
308:
239:
47:Chronicle of the World
1158:Allen, J. H. (1997),
304:
235:
1224:, pp. 142β143,
1196:, pp. 140β141,
658:to the holy site of
403:alcohol intoxication
1803:(Hasmonean dynasty)
1240:"From Omri to Jehu"
1105:, pp. 218β242.
1060:, pp. 142β143.
1029:, pp. 140β141.
1010:, pp. 201β202.
985:, pp. 199β201.
787:king of Israel and
680:conflict escalation
621:employed by Zimri.
231:Books of Chronicles
154:William F. Albright
1938:Dethroned monarchs
1908:Biblical murderers
1826:Alexander Jannaeus
1688:(southern kingdom)
1568:(northern kingdom)
626:counter-revolution
546:'s suicide in the
477:created by Zimri.
1875:
1874:
1862:Jewish leadership
1533:(united monarchy)
1459:
1458:
1450:Succeeded by
1418:
1395:978-0-664-22084-6
1369:978-0-664-22084-6
1343:978-0-7864-9520-7
1315:978-3-11-085376-6
1306:Walter de Gruyter
1287:978-0-8018-5895-6
1259:978-0-19-513937-2
1231:978-1-4143-9811-2
1203:978-1-4143-9811-2
1175:978-0-7873-0028-9
1093:, pp. 37β49.
795:to execute Queen
676:House of Jeroboam
589:Shamash-shum-ukin
448:command hierarchy
384:Ramah in Benjamin
361:Marvin A. Sweeney
293:Tribe of Manasseh
258:Tribe of Issachar
246:House of Jeroboam
108:
107:
1950:
1918:Ancient suicides
1831:Salome Alexandra
1493:Israel and Judah
1485:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1433:Preceded by
1410:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1372:
1346:
1318:
1290:
1262:
1234:
1206:
1178:
1145:
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1125:
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1100:
1094:
1088:
1061:
1055:
1030:
1024:
1011:
1005:
986:
980:
959:
958:
948:
942:
941:
936:
934:
919:
910:
907:
890:
889:
880:
871:
868:
857:
854:
848:
831:
765:Book of Proverbs
636:likely inspired
517:Aramaic language
376:Kingdom of Judah
372:Baasha of Israel
250:Tribe of Ephraim
164:offers the date
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
119:
38:
26:
25:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1933:Tribe of Simeon
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1850:
1802:
1795:
1687:
1680:
1567:
1560:
1532:
1525:
1495:
1489:
1455:
1446:
1438:
1423:
1407:
1396:
1370:
1344:
1316:
1288:
1260:
1232:
1204:
1176:
1154:
1152:Further reading
1149:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1064:
1056:
1033:
1025:
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1006:
989:
981:
962:
949:
945:
932:
930:
920:
913:
908:
893:
882:
881:
874:
869:
860:
855:
851:
847:, 9780825438257
832:
828:
823:
773:
649:loaded marching
570:Books of Samuel
566:Codex Vaticanus
537:Nadab of Israel
521:theophoric name
460:self-immolation
357:House of Baasha
351:in the army of
345:
313:
254:House of Baasha
211:Book of Genesis
188:Tribe of Simeon
180:
137:
134:
131:
128:
49:
41:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:House of Zimri
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1898:880s BC deaths
1895:
1890:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1841:Aristobulus II
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
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1758:
1753:
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1728:
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1679:
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1673:
1668:
1663:
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1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
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1608:
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1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1562:
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1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1514:Kings of Judah
1506:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1443:King of Israel
1439:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1428:Regnal titles
1425:
1424:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1373:
1368:
1347:
1342:
1319:
1314:
1291:
1286:
1263:
1258:
1235:
1230:
1207:
1202:
1179:
1174:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1107:
1095:
1062:
1031:
1012:
987:
960:
943:
911:
891:
872:
858:
849:
833:Edwin Thiele,
825:
824:
822:
819:
772:
769:
753:Judas Iscariot
548:Book of Judges
529:tutelary deity
503:prime minister
344:
341:
312:
309:
289:Amarna letters
270:Book of Joshua
227:Tribe of Judah
184:Louis Ginzberg
179:
176:
174:, Chapter 16.
106:
105:
103:House of Zimri
100:
94:
93:
90:
89:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
51:
50:
43:Rudolf von Ems
39:
31:
30:
22:
18:Zimri (prince)
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1955:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
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1891:
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1868:
1865:
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1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:Aristobulus I
1819:
1817:
1816:John Hyrcanus
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1792:
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1787:
1784:
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1779:
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1466:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:King of Judah
1412:Contemporary
1406:Zimri (king)
1403:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
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1255:
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1241:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1222:Tyndale House
1219:
1216:
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1208:
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1199:
1195:
1194:Tyndale House
1191:
1188:
1185:
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1177:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1103:Campbell 2001
1099:
1092:
1091:Millgram 2014
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
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1073:
1071:
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1059:
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1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1008:Sweeney 2007b
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
984:
983:Sweeney 2007a
979:
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929:
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918:
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906:
904:
902:
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867:
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863:
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846:
845:0-8254-3825-X
842:
838:
837:
830:
826:
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816:
812:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
768:
766:
761:
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746:
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731:
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723:
719:
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683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
630:fait accompli
627:
622:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
600:
598:
597:Sinsharishkun
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
562:
560:
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463:
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451:
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419:
416:, given by a
415:
411:
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318:
307:
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296:
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286:
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277:
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256:was from the
255:
251:
248:was from the
247:
242:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
182:According to
175:
173:
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167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
123:
116:
112:
104:
101:
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
27:
19:
1888:Zimri (king)
1811:Simon Thassi
1595:
1504:Davidic line
1441:
1411:
1409:
1381:
1355:
1330:
1327:
1302:
1299:
1274:
1271:
1246:
1243:
1218:
1215:
1190:
1187:
1166:
1163:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:
1098:
1058:Barnes 2012b
1027:Barnes 2012a
953:
946:
938:
931:. Retrieved
927:
884:
852:
834:
829:
808:
801:2 Kings 9:31
774:
757:
738:
711:
703:
691:
684:
653:
642:
623:
619:death squads
612:
604:capital city
601:
581:Sardanapalus
574:
563:
552:
541:
533:
510:
507:
487:
479:
475:power vacuum
464:
452:
437:
426:
407:
392:
365:
346:
314:
305:
297:
278:
252:, while the
243:
240:
236:
198:
196:
181:
169:
162:E. R. Thiele
141:
135:praiseworthy
121:
110:
109:
46:
1836:Hyrcanus II
1711:Jehoshaphat
1646:Jeroboam II
1546:Ish-bosheth
805:John Dryden
722:front lines
433:Philistines
368:coup d'Γ©tat
315:He was the
203:J. H. Allen
69:Predecessor
1882:Categories
1576:Jeroboam I
1491:Rulers of
821:References
656:pilgrimage
638:resentment
615:inferences
513:patronymic
410:kinspeople
1903:Regicides
1781:Jehoiakim
1651:Zechariah
1521:Maccabees
928:Angelfire
749:Ahitophel
734:Bathsheba
718:Jerusalem
645:Gibbethon
499:majordomo
467:civil war
444:anti-king
429:Gibbethon
349:chariotry
321:king Elah
274:king Elah
120:,
79:Successor
1855:See also
1791:Zedekiah
1786:Jeconiah
1776:Jehoahaz
1761:Manasseh
1756:Hezekiah
1726:Athaliah
1696:Rehoboam
1666:Pekahiah
1636:Jehoahaz
1447:885 BCE
924:"Israel"
760:boldness
730:adultery
687:regicide
672:Adoniram
668:Rehoboam
664:Jeroboam
555:Jeroboam
388:disaster
380:Arameans
378:and the
343:Analysis
201:(1902),
178:Ancestry
160:, while
1736:Amaziah
1731:Jehoash
1721:Ahaziah
1716:Jehoram
1661:Menahem
1656:Shallum
1641:Jehoash
1626:Jehoram
1621:Ahaziah
1615:Jezebel
1556:Solomon
1139:May 11,
933:May 11,
803:). In
797:Jezebel
793:Jezreel
789:Ahaziah
785:Jehoram
777:traitor
741:suicide
695:prophet
608:Samaria
593:Babylon
585:Assyria
483:Megiddo
456:suicide
420:called
418:diviner
399:steward
329:steward
317:chariot
300:Azaziah
266:Jezreel
262:Omrides
171:1 Kings
166:885 BCE
158:876 BCE
129:
118:ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ
115:Hebrew:
64:885 BCE
1771:Josiah
1746:Jotham
1741:Uzziah
1701:Abijam
1676:Hoshea
1586:Baasha
1566:Israel
1531:Israel
1392:
1366:
1340:
1312:
1284:
1256:
1228:
1200:
1172:
843:
771:Legacy
751:, and
660:Bethel
559:vilify
544:Samson
525:Yahweh
414:oracle
395:Tirzah
325:Tirzah
260:. The
150:Israel
142:Zambri
1801:Judea
1686:Judah
1671:Pekah
1601:Tibni
1596:Zimri
1581:Nadab
1551:David
714:David
707:slave
699:deity
634:purge
490:party
471:Tibni
337:Tibni
311:Reign
281:Tibni
223:Perez
219:Tamar
215:Judah
207:Zerah
192:Moses
122:ZΔ«mrΔ«
111:Zimri
98:House
83:Tibni
61:Reign
29:Zimri
1766:Amon
1751:Ahaz
1631:Jehu
1611:Ahab
1606:Omri
1591:Elah
1541:Saul
1453:Omri
1436:Elah
1390:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1141:2019
935:2019
841:ISBN
781:Jehu
745:Saul
726:Joab
577:hero
495:host
440:Omri
422:Jehu
353:Elah
333:Omri
285:Gina
217:and
146:Omri
126:lit.
87:Omri
85:and
73:Elah
1706:Asa
1420:Asa
807:'s
591:of
583:of
501:or
458:by
197:In
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