603:
400:
318:), since the second reaction is much faster than the first reaction and occurs immediately following the first reaction. At fuel-rich conditions, due to lack of oxygen, reaction 2 becomes weak, hence, a third reaction is included in the mechanism, also known as
1257:
943:
598:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}k_{1f}&=1.47\times 10^{13}\,T^{0.3}\mathrm {e} ^{-75286.81/RT}\\k_{2f}&=6.40\times 10^{9}\,T\mathrm {e} ^{-6285.5/RT}\\k_{3f}&=3.80\times 10^{13}\end{aligned}}}
385:
405:
174:
103:
1322:
Lavoie, G. A., Heywood, J. B., Keck, J. C. (1970). Experimental and theoretical study of nitric oxide formation in internal combustion engines. Combustion science and technology, 1(4), 313–326.
309:
231:
204:
1295:
Zeldovich, Y. A., D. Frank-Kamenetskii, and P. Sadovnikov. Oxidation of nitrogen in combustion. Publishing House of the Acad of
Sciences of USSR, 1947.
1331:
Hanson, R. K., Salimian, S. (1984). Survey of rate constants in the N/H/O system. In
Combustion chemistry (pp. 361–421). Springer, New York, NY.
963:
646:
1313:
Zeldovich, I. A., Barenblatt, G. I., Librovich, V. B., Makhviladze, G. M. (1985). Mathematical theory of combustion and explosions.
328:
109:
38:
1286:
Y.B. Zel'dovich (1946). "The
Oxidation of Nitrogen in Combustion Explosions". Acta Physicochimica U.S.S.R. 21: 577–628
243:
390:
Assuming the initial concentration of NO is low and the reverse reactions can therefore be ignored, the forward
1268:
29:
1365:
1370:
1375:
1341:
625:
609:
315:
209:
182:
8:
1380:
1360:
617:
612:
is measured in units of cm, mol, s and K (these units are incorrect), temperature in
1354:
391:
234:
637:
314:
The overall reaction rate is mostly governed by the first reaction (i.e.,
1252:{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dt}}=k_{1f}-k_{2f}-k_{3f}-k_{1b}+k_{2b}+k_{3b}}
938:{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dt}}=k_{1f}+k_{2f}+k_{3f}-k_{1b}-k_{2b}-k_{3b}}
19:
is a chemical mechanism that describes the oxidation of nitrogen and
351:
286:
140:
69:
954:
613:
277:
259:
132:
54:
20:
966:
649:
403:
331:
246:
212:
185:
112:
41:
380:{\displaystyle {\ce {{N}+ {OH}<-> {NO}+ {H}}}}
169:{\displaystyle {\ce {{N}+ O2 <-> {NO}+ {O}}}}
98:{\displaystyle {\ce {{N2}+ O <-> {NO}+ {N}}}}
28:formation, first proposed by the Russian physicist
1251:
937:
597:
379:
303:
225:
198:
168:
97:
1352:
1304:Williams, Forman A. "Combustion theory". (1985).
304:{\displaystyle {\ce {{N2}+ {O2}<-> 2NO}}}
237:. The overall global reaction is given by
521:
444:
296:
32:in 1946. The reaction mechanisms read as
1353:
640:concentration increase is given by
233:are the reaction rate constants in
13:
1242:
1231:
1228:
1201:
1190:
1187:
1160:
1149:
1146:
1119:
1116:
1105:
1072:
1060:
1033:
1016:
977:
928:
917:
914:
887:
876:
873:
846:
835:
832:
805:
802:
791:
758:
746:
719:
702:
663:
660:
527:
457:
14:
1392:
631:
394:of the reactions are given by
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1246:
1238:
1235:
1224:
1205:
1197:
1194:
1183:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1142:
1123:
1112:
1109:
1101:
1082:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1037:
1029:
1026:
1011:
981:
973:
948:
932:
924:
921:
910:
891:
883:
880:
869:
850:
842:
839:
828:
809:
798:
795:
787:
768:
753:
750:
742:
723:
715:
712:
697:
667:
656:
1:
1274:
320:extended Zel'dovich mechanism
322:(with all three reactions),
7:
1262:
30:Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich
10:
1397:
957:concentration increase is
316:rate-determining reaction
953:Similarly, the rate of
1253:
939:
626:universal gas constant
610:pre-exponential factor
599:
381:
305:
227:
200:
170:
99:
1342:"San Diego Mechanism"
1269:Zeldovich–Liñán model
1254:
940:
600:
382:
306:
228:
226:{\displaystyle k_{2}}
201:
199:{\displaystyle k_{1}}
171:
100:
964:
647:
401:
329:
244:
210:
183:
110:
39:
17:Zel'dovich mechanism
1366:Reaction mechanisms
360:
290:
279:
261:
149:
134:
78:
56:
1371:Chemical reactions
1249:
935:
595:
593:
377:
301:
267:
249:
223:
196:
166:
122:
95:
44:
1376:Chemical kinetics
993:
679:
618:activation energy
374:
366:
361:
344:
336:
299:
291:
270:
252:
163:
155:
150:
125:
117:
92:
84:
79:
63:
47:
1388:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1204:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1163:
1152:
1141:
1140:
1122:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1010:
1009:
994:
992:
984:
980:
968:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
920:
909:
908:
890:
879:
868:
867:
849:
838:
827:
826:
808:
794:
786:
785:
767:
766:
761:
749:
741:
740:
722:
711:
710:
705:
696:
695:
680:
678:
670:
666:
651:
604:
602:
601:
596:
594:
590:
589:
567:
566:
550:
549:
542:
530:
520:
519:
497:
496:
480:
479:
472:
460:
454:
453:
443:
442:
420:
419:
386:
384:
383:
378:
376:
375:
372:
367:
364:
362:
359:
347:
345:
342:
337:
334:
310:
308:
307:
302:
300:
297:
292:
282:
280:
278:
275:
268:
262:
260:
257:
250:
232:
230:
229:
224:
222:
221:
205:
203:
202:
197:
195:
194:
175:
173:
172:
167:
165:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
148:
136:
133:
130:
123:
118:
115:
104:
102:
101:
96:
94:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
77:
65:
61:
57:
55:
52:
45:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1241:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1200:
1186:
1174:
1170:
1159:
1145:
1133:
1129:
1115:
1104:
1092:
1088:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1059:
1047:
1043:
1032:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1002:
998:
985:
976:
969:
967:
965:
962:
961:
951:
927:
913:
901:
897:
886:
872:
860:
856:
845:
831:
819:
815:
801:
790:
778:
774:
762:
757:
756:
745:
733:
729:
718:
706:
701:
700:
688:
684:
671:
659:
652:
650:
648:
645:
644:
634:
592:
591:
585:
581:
568:
559:
555:
552:
551:
538:
531:
526:
525:
515:
511:
498:
489:
485:
482:
481:
468:
461:
456:
455:
449:
445:
438:
434:
421:
412:
408:
404:
402:
399:
398:
371:
363:
352:
346:
341:
333:
332:
330:
327:
326:
281:
276:
271:
266:
258:
253:
248:
247:
245:
242:
241:
217:
213:
211:
208:
207:
190:
186:
184:
181:
180:
160:
152:
141:
135:
131:
126:
114:
113:
111:
108:
107:
89:
81:
70:
64:
53:
48:
43:
42:
40:
37:
36:
26:
12:
11:
5:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1348:
1347:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
983:
979:
975:
972:
950:
947:
946:
945:
934:
930:
926:
923:
919:
916:
912:
907:
904:
900:
896:
893:
889:
885:
882:
878:
875:
871:
866:
863:
859:
855:
852:
848:
844:
841:
837:
834:
830:
825:
822:
818:
814:
811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
793:
789:
784:
781:
777:
773:
770:
765:
760:
755:
752:
748:
744:
739:
736:
732:
728:
725:
721:
717:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
691:
687:
683:
677:
674:
669:
665:
662:
658:
655:
633:
630:
606:
605:
588:
584:
580:
577:
574:
571:
569:
565:
562:
558:
554:
553:
548:
545:
541:
537:
534:
529:
524:
518:
514:
510:
507:
504:
501:
499:
495:
492:
488:
484:
483:
478:
475:
471:
467:
464:
459:
452:
448:
441:
437:
433:
430:
427:
424:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
406:
392:rate constants
388:
387:
370:
358:
355:
350:
340:
312:
311:
295:
289:
285:
274:
265:
256:
220:
216:
193:
189:
177:
176:
159:
147:
144:
139:
129:
121:
105:
88:
76:
73:
68:
60:
51:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1393:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1021:
1006:
1003:
999:
995:
989:
986:
970:
960:
959:
958:
956:
905:
902:
898:
894:
864:
861:
857:
853:
823:
820:
816:
812:
782:
779:
775:
771:
763:
737:
734:
730:
726:
707:
692:
689:
685:
681:
675:
672:
653:
643:
642:
641:
639:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
586:
582:
578:
575:
572:
570:
563:
560:
556:
546:
543:
539:
535:
532:
522:
516:
512:
508:
505:
502:
500:
493:
490:
486:
476:
473:
469:
465:
462:
450:
446:
439:
435:
431:
428:
425:
423:
416:
413:
409:
397:
396:
395:
393:
368:
356:
353:
348:
338:
325:
324:
323:
321:
317:
293:
287:
283:
272:
263:
254:
240:
239:
238:
236:
235:Arrhenius law
218:
214:
191:
187:
157:
145:
142:
137:
127:
119:
106:
86:
74:
71:
66:
58:
49:
35:
34:
33:
31:
27:
25:
18:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
952:
636:The rate of
635:
632:NO formation
621:
620:in cal/mol;
607:
389:
319:
313:
178:
23:
16:
15:
949:N formation
1381:Pollutants
1361:Combustion
1355:Categories
1275:References
616:, and the
608:where the
1127:−
1086:−
1041:−
895:−
854:−
813:−
579:×
533:−
509:×
463:−
432:×
1263:See also
466:75286.81
349:↔
284:↔
138:↔
67:↔
624:is the
614:kelvins
536:6285.5
179:where
576:3.80
506:6.40
429:1.47
206:and
451:0.3
1357::
638:NO
628:.
587:13
583:10
513:10
440:13
436:10
365:NO
343:OH
298:NO
154:NO
83:NO
21:NO
1344:.
1247:]
1243:H
1239:[
1236:]
1232:O
1229:N
1225:[
1220:b
1217:3
1213:k
1209:+
1206:]
1202:O
1198:[
1195:]
1191:O
1188:N
1184:[
1179:b
1176:2
1172:k
1168:+
1165:]
1161:N
1157:[
1154:]
1150:O
1147:N
1143:[
1138:b
1135:1
1131:k
1124:]
1120:H
1117:O
1113:[
1110:]
1106:N
1102:[
1097:f
1094:3
1090:k
1083:]
1078:2
1073:O
1068:[
1065:]
1061:N
1057:[
1052:f
1049:2
1045:k
1038:]
1034:O
1030:[
1027:]
1022:2
1017:N
1012:[
1007:f
1004:1
1000:k
996:=
990:t
987:d
982:]
978:N
974:[
971:d
955:N
933:]
929:H
925:[
922:]
918:O
915:N
911:[
906:b
903:3
899:k
892:]
888:O
884:[
881:]
877:O
874:N
870:[
865:b
862:2
858:k
851:]
847:N
843:[
840:]
836:O
833:N
829:[
824:b
821:1
817:k
810:]
806:H
803:O
799:[
796:]
792:N
788:[
783:f
780:3
776:k
772:+
769:]
764:2
759:O
754:[
751:]
747:N
743:[
738:f
735:2
731:k
727:+
724:]
720:O
716:[
713:]
708:2
703:N
698:[
693:f
690:1
686:k
682:=
676:t
673:d
668:]
664:O
661:N
657:[
654:d
622:R
573:=
564:f
561:3
557:k
547:T
544:R
540:/
528:e
523:T
517:9
503:=
494:f
491:2
487:k
477:T
474:R
470:/
458:e
447:T
426:=
417:f
414:1
410:k
373:H
369:+
357:3
354:k
339:+
335:N
294:2
288:k
273:2
269:O
264:+
255:2
251:N
219:2
215:k
192:1
188:k
162:O
158:+
146:2
143:k
128:2
124:O
120:+
116:N
91:N
87:+
75:1
72:k
62:O
59:+
50:2
46:N
24:x
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.