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of the film could be exposed in a process analogous to half-track audio tape. The FBI later tested
Zapruder's camera and found that it filmed an average of 18.3 frames/second (slightly deviating from the camera's standard frame rate of 16 frame/s). While earlier 8 mm cameras had used a 16 frame/s rate, the 8 mm standard was moving to 18 frame/s by the 1960s, and that was the frame rate adopted by the Super 8 format in 1966.
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483:(ARRB), which the JFK Act created, announced a "Statement of Policy and Intent with Regard to the Zapruder Film". The ARRB re-affirmed that the Zapruder film was an "assassination record" within the JFK Act's meaning and directed it to be transferred on August 1, 1998, from its present-day location in NARA's film collection to the John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection maintained by NARA. As required by the
476:(the "JFK Act"), which sought to preserve for historical and governmental purposes all records related to President Kennedy's assassination. The Act created the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection at the National Archives. The Zapruder film was automatically designated an "assassination record" and therefore became the official property of the United States government.
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the latter re-examined a copy of the extant
Zapruder film, provided by Horne. Brugioni then stated the Zapruder film in the National Archives today, and available to the public, specifically frame 313, is an altered version of the film he saw and worked with on November 23–24, the earlier of the two versions handled by the NPIC.
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The work was done by separate teams that had been compartmentalized and ordered not to speak of their work, causing the teams not to know about each other, even though the personnel from the two teams normally worked together on a daily basis. When Horne showed his findings and evidence to
Brugioni,
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The Model 414 PD held a reel of 16mm film which was first run in one direction, with half of the width of the film being exposed. The reel would then be removed from the camera (a process which could take place in subdued light), the feed and take-up reels swapped and reloaded so that the other half
711:
Brugioni recalled seeing a "white cloud" of brain matter, three or four feet (91 or 122 cm) above
Kennedy's head, and said that this "spray" lasted for more than one frame of the film. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the
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on
November 22, 2007. Holland and Rush have pointed out that Zapruder temporarily stopped filming at around frame 132, when only police motorcycles were visible. When he continued filming, frame 133 already shows the presidential motorcade in view. Holland and Rush suggest that the pause could have
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Every frame of the
Zapruder film has been put together into a panoramic movie. Each object that appears during the film has its starting position equal to where it appears first in its frames. The objects' positions are updated during visibility in the Zapruder frames, and they stay motionless once
268:
released 26 volumes of testimony and evidence compiled by the Warren
Commission. Volume 18 of the commission's hearings reproduced 158 frames from the Zapruder film in black and white. Frames 208–211 were missing, a splice was visible in frames 207 and 212, frames 314 and 315 were switched around,
248:
The
Zapruder film frames that were used by the Warren Commission were published in black and white as Commission Exhibit 885 in volume XVIII of the Hearings and Exhibits. Copies of the complete film are available on the Internet. One of the first-generation Secret Service copies was loaned to the
192:
said that he told Rather to go to
Zapruder's home to "sock him in the jaw", take the film, copy it, then return it and let the network's lawyers deal with the consequences. According to Hewitt, he realized his mistake after ending their telephone conversation and immediately called Rather back to
681:
came to miss at what was assumed to be close range. Holland and Rush argue that the break in the
Zapruder film might conceal a first shot earlier than analysts have hitherto assumed, and point out that in this case, a horizontal traffic mast would temporarily have obstructed Oswald's view of his
646:
examined a copy of the Zapruder film, noting that the camera recorded at an average of 18.3 frames per second. It is not clear from the film itself as to when the first and second shots occurred. It is apparent that by frame 225 the President is reacting to his throat wound. However, no wound or
328:. The court held that "there is a public interest in having the fullest information available on the murder of President Kennedy, saying that Thompson "did serious work on the subject and has a theory entitled to public consideration" and that "the copying by defendants was fair and reasonable."
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Although it is not the only film of the shooting, the Zapruder film has been described as being the most complete, giving a relatively clear view from a somewhat elevated position on the side from which the president's fatal head wound is visible. It was an important piece of evidence before the
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released those missing frames from the first-generation copy it had received from the film's original version. The Zapruder frames outside the section used in the commission's exhibits, frames 155–157 and 341, were also damaged and were spliced out of the original rendition of the film, but are
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suit between Time Inc. and Zapruder's heirs that arose from the ABC showing, Time Inc. sold the film's initial rendition and its copyright back to the Zapruder family for the token sum of $ 1. Time Inc. wanted to donate the film to the U.S. government. The Zapruder family originally refused to
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hearing. Garrison unsuccessfully subpoenaed the original film in 1968. The courtroom showings of Garrison's copy in 1969 were the first time it had been shown in public as a film. Garrison allowed copies of the film to be made and these low quality copies began circulating among assassination
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704:(NPIC). Brugioni was considered the world's foremost imagery intelligence analyst until his death in 2015. Horne discovered the NPIC worked on two different versions of the Zapruder film on Saturday and Sunday nights immediately following the assassination, which had occurred on Friday.
491:, payment to Zapruder's heirs was attempted. Because the film is unique, its value was difficult to ascertain. Eventually, following arbitration with the Zapruder heirs, the government purchased the film in 1999 for $ 16 million. At that time, the family retained copyright to the film.
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Following its publishing in 1967, Thompson's book featured some very detailed charcoal drawings of important individual frames, plus photo reproductions of the four missing ones. Time Inc. filed a lawsuit against Thompson and his publishing company for
210:
published about 30 frames of the Zapruder film in black and white. Frames were also published in color in the December 6, 1963 special "John F. Kennedy Memorial Edition", and in issues dated October 2, 1964 (a special article on the film and the
1422:
1161:. Research quality. Based on the "Costella 2006" frames. Large file sizes. Requires QuickTime viewer from apple.com. Entire film is covered in six "fixed camera" video clips, plus one "stabilized pan" video clip. Full speed.
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denies that the Zapruder film has been altered, or that any of the frames are missing from the film. Kodak engineer Ronald Zavada ran experiments with the film Abraham Zapruder used and concluded that the film is authentic.
253:(FBI) in Washington, D.C., which made a second-generation copy. After studies of that copy were made in January 1964, the Warren Commission judged the quality to be inadequate, and requested the original film.
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hearings, and all subsequent investigations of the assassination. It is one of the most studied pieces of film in history, particularly footage of the final shot which helped spawn theories of whether
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film, frame 313. Brugioni was certain that the set of briefing boards available to the public in the National Archives is not the set that he and his team produced on November 23–24, 1963.
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agent Forrest Sorrels promised Zapruder that the film would only be used for an official investigation, the two men sought to develop the footage as soon as possible. As television station
261:
enlargements from the relevant frames of the original film for the FBI. From those slides, the FBI made a series of black-and-white prints, which were given to the commission for its use.
1983:
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and retaining the test copies. Weitzman set up his own optical house and motion-picture postproduction facility later that year. Hired in 1969, employee and assassination buff
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Zoomatic Director Series Camera. He filmed from the time the presidential limousine turned onto Elm Street for a total of 26.6 seconds, exposing 486 frames of standard
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presented the first-ever US network television showing of the Zapruder film. The public's response and outrage to that television showing quickly led to the forming of the
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is its difficulty in satisfactorily accounting for the sequencing of the assassination. A specific mystery concerns what happened to the one shot that missed, and how
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1436:
1370:
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206:, New York City, with the phrase "See the President's head explode!", Zapruder insisted that frame 313 be excluded from publication. The November 29, 1963 issue of
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Inside the Assassination Records Review Board : the U.S. government's final attempt to reconcile the conflicting medical evidence in the assassination of JFK
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2015:
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wrote in 1965 that frames 314 and 315 had been swapped due to a printing error, and that that error did not exist in the original Warren Commission exhibits.
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Frame 150 from the Zapruder film. Kennedy's limousine has just turned onto Elm Street, moments before the first shot, and the President is apparently waving.
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used one of Weitzman's copies and an optical printer to make versions of the Zapruder film with close-ups and minimize the shakiness of Zapruder's camera.
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researchers and were known to many journalists as well. Zapruder's film was aired as part of a Los Angeles area television newscast on February 14, 1969.
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target. In the authors' words, "The film, we realize, does not depict an assassination about to commence. It shows one that had already started."
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300:, was brought in to examine a first-generation copy of the film and a set of color 35mm slides made from the original. He tried negotiating with
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released a statement saying that four frames of the original (frames 208–211) were accidentally destroyed, and the adjacent frames damaged, by a
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and assassination researcher Todd W. Vaughan, who defended the prevailing belief that Zapruder's film captured the entire shooting sequence.
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506:, along with one of the first-generation copies made on November 22, 1963, and other copies of the film and frame enlargements once held by
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The authenticity of the image in frame 313 was challenged by Douglas Horne, Senior Analyst for the Assassination Records Review Board and
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film had the same technology applied to it. The Nix and Zapruder films were then combined into a direct simultaneous comparison movie.
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was the first to report on the footage on national television after seeing it. The inaccuracies in his description contributed to many
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The evidence offered by Holland and Rush to support their theory was challenged in a series of 2007–08 articles by computer animator
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Frame 313 of the film captures the fatal shot to the President's head. After claiming to have a nightmare in which he saw a sign in
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A U.S. District Court ruled in 1968 that the Time Inc. copyright of the Zapruder film was not violated by invoking the doctrine of
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In 1994, the Zapruder film footage was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States
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365:, for conspiracy in connection with the assassination, a copy of the film made several generations from the original was
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refused to approve the use of any of the frames, even after Thompson offered to give all profits from the book sales to
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for appropriate preservation and safe-keeping, while still retaining ownership of the film and its copyright. Director
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2005:
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Some critics have stated that the violence and shock of this home movie led to a new way of representing violence in
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1181:. Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione. The Zapruder film has been added to the sound recorded by police in Dallas.
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1917:
Mary's Mosaic: The CIA Conspiracy to Murder John F. Kennedy, Mary Pinchot Meyer, and Their Vision for World Peace
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with Chuck Collins, originating on WSNS-TV, Ch 44, Chicago in 1970. It was given to director Howie Samuelsohn by
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1200:. The "Costella 2006" frames. Research quality. Does not require special viewers, but not shown in movie form.
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MacDonald, DW (2005). "Book Review. The Zapruder Film: Reframing JFK's Assassination by David R. Wrone".
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763:. A closeup from the portion of the film showing the fatal shot to Kennedy's head is also shown in the
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Abraham Zapruder stood on a concrete pedestal along Elm Street in Dealey Plaza holding a Model 414 PD
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brought the original to Washington in February for the commission's viewing, and made color 35mm
1979:
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The view that the Zapruder film captured the shooting from beginning to end was challenged by
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film copy of the Zapruder film's original version. Pleased with the results, they asked for a
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Frye, Brian L. (May 29, 2017). "Zapruder Film ". In Op den Kamp, Claudy; Hunter, Dan (eds.).
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paid over $ 85,000 to the Zapruder family for use of the Zapruder film in his motion picture
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Zoomatic movie camera used to shoot the film, in the collection of the U.S. National Archives
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8:
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88:
881:"The Other Shooter: The Saddest and Most Expensive 26 Seconds of Amateur Film Ever Made"
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produced three copies. Zapruder gave two of the copies to Sorrels and they were sent to
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reaching for pieces of Kennedy's skull across the back of the presidential limousine as
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2010:
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The film's physical location remained the same, only its record classification changed.
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JFK Assassination Stabilized Motion Panorama HD Nix v Zapruder – 50th anniversary (HD)
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JFK Assassination Zapruder Stabilized Motion Panorama HD plus SloMo – 50th anniversary
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and later aired in syndication to Philadelphia, Detroit, Kansas City, and St. Louis.
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663:, and professional photographer Johann Rush in a joint editorial piece published by
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The film has been featured in films and other media, such as the Oliver Stone film
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blood is seen on either President Kennedy or Governor Connally prior to frame 313.
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Investigation on Intelligence Activities by the United States, and resulted in the
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to be made. Mo Weitzman made several internegatives in 1968, giving the best to
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and frame 284 was a repeat of 283. In response to an inquiry, then-FBI director
163:. The original film was retained by Zapruder, in addition to one of the copies.
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The first broadcast of the Zapruder film was on the late-night television show
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787:", a musical meditation on Kennedy's assassination and its effect on American
521:. Wrone is a history professor who tracks the chain of evidence for the film.
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sings "Zapruder's film I've seen that before / seen it 33 times maybe more".
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In December 1999, the Zapruder family donated the film's copyright to the
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Zapruder was one of at least 32 people in Dealey Plaza known to have made
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countermand the order, disappointing the reporter. In a 2015 interview on
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Moving Images Relating to the Assassination of John F. Kennedy, 1992–1998
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magazine's $ 150,000 offer ($ 1,490,000 in 2024). CBS News correspondent
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953:"Kennedy's Assassination: How LIFE Brought the Zapruder Film to Light"
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2189:
Bell & Howell 414PD Director Series – Overview and User's Manual.
1975:
1495:"Abraham Zapruder Film | The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza"
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110:
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In 1994, the film was selected for preservation in the United States
53:
34:
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had great significance for the interpretation of the assassination.
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as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
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Reclaiming history: the assassination of President John F. Kennedy
1356:
Reclaiming history: the assassination of President John F. Kennedy
1239:
Reclaiming history: the assassination of President John F. Kennedy
555:
Please improve this section about the study of the film by adding
913:
Photographic Memory: The Kennedy Assassination, November 22, 1963
434:
123:
1782:"NOVA | Spies That Fly | Master of the Surveillance Image | PBS"
304:
for the rights to print important individual frames in his book
1919:(3 ed.). New York: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. p. 292.
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One of these showings was on the late-night television program
776:
Abraham Zapruder is sometimes presented as a forefather of all
61:
21:
474:
President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act
336:
64:, Texas, on November 22, 1963. Unexpectedly, it captured the
1223:
Stabilized version which allows frame-by-frame easy forward.
2089:
Movieguide | The Family Guide to Movies & Entertainment
1628:, January 18, 2000. The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza.
1526:
Twenty-Six Seconds: A Personal History of the Zapruder Film
1046:
980:"World's Oldest Cub Reporter: Hewitt's Half Century at CBS"
148:
155:'s Dallas film processing facility developed the film and
697:
451:
consent. In 1978, the family transferred the film to the
167:
2112:[JFK's death in Zapruder's sights] (in French).
1097:
Warren Commission Hearings and Exhibits, Vol. XVIII
802:'s T-shirt in the 2004 revival of the Broadway musical
1418:
Final Report of the Assassination Records Review Board
1019:
Tell Me A Story: 50 Years and 60 Minutes in Television
927:"Jackie's Secret Service agent tells what he saw, did"
335:
hired New Jersey film lab Manhattan Effects to make a
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874:
872:
870:
868:
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at the National Archives and Records Administration
1055:(Podcast). Opie Radio. Event occurs at 3:28–4:04.
732:and was selected for permanent preservation in the
215:report), November 25, 1966, and November 24, 1967.
1578:
1576:
865:
823:List of photographs considered the most important
513:The film's relevant history is covered in a 2003
2620:Films about the assassination of John F. Kennedy
2606:
2136:"Murder Most Foul | The Official Bob Dylan Site"
1707:Holland, Max; Rush, Johann (November 22, 2007).
1545:
1464:A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects
1456:
1454:
1359:. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 504–505.
1352:
1235:
1106:. Online version at the History Matters Archive.
1085:: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy
1047:Gregg Hughes and Jim Norton (October 30, 2015).
743:, both in mainstream films, and particularly in
519:The Zapruder Film: Reframing JFK's Assassination
1751:"JFK Files: Max Holland's 11 Seconds in Dallas"
1723:
151:'s equipment was incompatible with the format,
120:, running at an average of 18.3 frames/second.
1739:, by Max Holland, Newsweek, November 20, 2014.
1573:
1339:"Life To Release Today Part of Kennedy Film",
1326:"Life To Release Today Part of Kennedy Film",
16:1963 film of the John F. Kennedy assassination
2219:
2036:
1528:(E-book ed.). Grand Central Publishing.
1451:
1184:
1145:
971:
1539:
955:. LIFE.com. October 24, 2013. Archived from
650:
642:Between November 1963 and January 1964, the
453:National Archives and Records Administration
2110:"La mort de JFK dans le viseur de Zapruder"
1850:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1706:
1552:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 371.
1242:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 454.
1210:John P. Costella, "The New Zapruder Film",
702:National Photographic Interpretation Center
673:One of the sources of controversy with the
284:photo lab technician on November 23, 1963.
199:, Rather stated that the story was a myth.
2625:United States National Film Registry films
2226:
2212:
1846:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1164:
878:
184:about the assassination. In his 2001 book
1637:
1231:
1229:
1173:JFK Kennedy shooting, Zapruder audiovideo
915:, Dallas: Sixth Floor Museum, 1996, p. 5.
619:Learn how and when to remove this message
542:This section about the study of the film
510:magazine, which had since been returned.
468:On October 26, 1992, then-U.S. President
2572:House Select Committee on Assassinations
1902:", YouTube, published on August 15, 2014
1523:
1152:Stabilized versions of the Zapruder film
433:
429:House Select Committee on Assassinations
423:investigation, which contributed to the
289:present in the first-generation copies.
229:
122:
20:
1980:Rochester (N.Y.) Democrat and Chronicle
1972:"Zapruder film analysis still disputed"
1873:from the original on September 12, 2016
1809:
1807:
1719:from the original on February 12, 2018.
1600:from the original on September 11, 2019
1406:, 293 F.Supp. 130, 146 (D.C.N.Y. 1968).
1394:, 293 F.Supp. 130, 146 (D.C.N.Y. 1968).
1135:Stabilized Version of the Zapruder Film
1022:. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 81.
632:each object moves out of those frames.
222:at or around the time of the shooting.
2607:
2194:Zapruder Film of Kennedy Assassination
2082:
1969:
1933:
1911:
1905:
1792:from the original on November 22, 2023
1584:"Zapruder Heirs to Get $ 16M for Film"
1475:from the original on November 22, 2023
1439:from the original on November 22, 2023
1373:from the original on November 22, 2023
1256:from the original on November 22, 2023
1226:
1087:. W.W. Norton, 2007, endnotes, p. 291.
1008:
977:
879:Pasternack, Alex (November 23, 2012).
369:from Time Inc. in 1967 by New Orleans
37:color motion picture sequence shot by
2207:
2051:from the original on October 4, 2006.
2006:"25 Films Added to National Registry"
1864:
1779:
1761:from the original on October 19, 2017
1748:
1049:"Dan Rather Seeing the Zapruder Film"
1002:
990:from the original on January 16, 2019
225:
2116:from the original on August 29, 2013
2065:26 secondes: L'Amérique éclaboussée.
1804:
1730:The Truth Behind JFK's Assassination
1460:
1404:Time Inc. v. Bernard Geis Associates
1392:Time Inc. v. Bernard Geis Associates
924:
528:
524:
170:lost the bidding for the footage to
2146:from the original on April 11, 2020
2018:from the original on March 26, 2018
1865:Horne, Douglas (January 11, 2014).
1191:All 486 frames of the Zapruder film
1059:from the original on March 17, 2016
1040:
48:camera, as United States President
13:
2446:Jack Ruby Shoots Lee Harvey Oswald
1986:from the original on March 6, 2022
1970:Lahman, Sean (November 22, 2013).
1945:Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza
1885:
1813:
1423:Assassination Records Review Board
1117:Zapruder Film of JFK Assassination
925:Huey, Pamela (November 20, 2013),
723:
717:Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza
481:Assassination Records Review Board
446:In April 1975, in settlement of a
292:In 1966, assassination researcher
14:
2671:
2162:
1286:frames 283 and 284 (actually 283)
978:Kaiser, Charles (April 2, 2001).
893:from the original on June 7, 2020
2640:Filmed killings in North America
2235:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
2175:The History of the Zapruder Film
1749:Myers, Dale K. (June 25, 2007).
533:
2660:Surviving American silent films
2128:
2102:
2076:
2055:
2030:
1998:
1963:
1858:
1780:Klein, Larry (September 2002).
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1397:
1385:
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1203:
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1090:
845:
661:The Kennedy Assassination Tapes
266:U.S. Government Printing Office
251:Federal Bureau of Investigation
166:On the morning of November 23,
2498:Robert N. McClelland (surgeon)
2488:1992 Assassination Records Act
1071:
945:
918:
905:
835:
1:
2541:Burial site and Eternal Flame
858:
798:The video was projected onto
557:secondary or tertiary sources
2347:Texas School Book Depository
2085:"IN THE LINE OF FIRE Review"
1524:Zapruder, Alexandra (2016).
828:
500:Texas School Book Depository
407:, assassination researchers
7:
2630:American silent short films
1867:"The Zapruder Film Mystery"
1814:P., Horne, Douglas (2009).
1709:"J.F.K.'s Death, Re-Framed"
1619:Zapruder Film Press Release
1196:September 30, 2011, at the
811:
399:late-night television show
94:
10:
2676:
2567:Jim Garrison investigation
2503:Charles Baxter (physician)
2083:Review (August 23, 2012).
1898:November 25, 2019, at the
1469:Cambridge University Press
1425:. 1998. pp. 138–139.
1343:, January 30, 1967, p. 22;
1330:, January 30, 1967, p. 22;
1102:December 13, 2006, at the
98:
2589:
2554:
2526:
2508:Malcolm Perry (physician)
2412:
2263:
2241:
2070:October 22, 2006, at the
1893:The Zapruder Film Mystery
1735:February 5, 2016, at the
1652:10.1007/s10612-004-6109-3
1546:Vincent Bugliosi (2007).
1353:Vincent Bugliosi (2007).
1313:December 4, 2008, at the
1302:December 4, 2008, at the
1291:December 8, 2008, at the
1280:December 8, 2008, at the
1236:Vincent Bugliosi (2007).
651:Dispute over authenticity
487:for such a seizure under
395:On March 6, 1975, on the
220:film or still photographs
66:President's assassination
1624:October 8, 2006, at the
1308:frame 315 (actually 314)
1297:frame 314 (actually 315)
1157:October 1, 2011, at the
80:was the lone assassin.
2180:March 23, 2021, at the
479:On April 24, 1997, the
359:1969 trial of Clay Shaw
2359:Presidential limousine
1212:Assassination Research
734:National Film Registry
544:relies excessively on
443:
319:copyright infringement
245:
140:
85:National Film Registry
26:
2014:. November 15, 1994.
1755:jfkfiles.blogspot.com
1219:May 12, 2011, at the
741:1970s American cinema
437:
361:, a businessman from
306:Six Seconds in Dallas
264:In October 1964, the
240:
157:Jamieson Film Company
126:
24:
2655:1960s American films
2650:One-shot short films
2645:Films shot in Dallas
2483:Single-bullet theory
2435:Johnson inauguration
1640:Critical Criminology
1505:on December 14, 2018
959:on November 14, 2013
472:signed into law the
296:, while working for
196:Opie with Jim Norton
2536:Foreign dignitaries
2513:Earl Rose (coroner)
2466:Conspiracy theories
2461:Dictabelt recording
2273:Assassination rifle
2187:The Zapruder Camera
2037:World Archipelago.
1951:on January 19, 2019
1214:, Vol.2 No.2 (2003)
778:citizen journalists
770:In the Line of Fire
730:Library of Congress
182:conspiracy theories
89:Library of Congress
2635:Amateur filmmaking
2546:Black Jack (horse)
2493:In popular culture
2352:Sixth Floor Museum
2298:Jacqueline Kennedy
2039:"Wallflower Press"
2011:The New York Times
1713:The New York Times
1662:– via Ebsco.
1596:. August 3, 1999.
1534:with Chuck Collins
1275:Frames 207 and 212
1083:Reclaiming History
911:Richard B. Trask,
666:The New York Times
496:Sixth Floor Museum
444:
401:Good Night America
376:for use at Shaw's
246:
226:Subsequent history
141:
129:Jacqueline Kennedy
127:Frame 371 showing
27:
2602:
2601:
2585:
2584:
2562:Warren Commission
2364:Parkland Hospital
2254:Lee Harvey Oswald
1915:(October 2016) .
1559:978-0-393-04525-3
1366:978-0-393-04525-3
1249:978-0-393-04525-3
984:New York Observer
800:Lee Harvey Oswald
679:Lee Harvey Oswald
629:
628:
621:
603:
525:Study of the film
470:George H. W. Bush
440:Bell & Howell
371:District Attorney
238:
213:Warren Commission
107:Bell & Howell
78:Lee Harvey Oswald
74:Warren Commission
43:Bell & Howell
2667:
2524:
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2335:Abraham Zapruder
2303:Pink Chanel suit
2228:
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1532:Underground News
1521:
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1078:Vincent Bugliosi
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386:Underground News
239:
101:Abraham Zapruder
39:Abraham Zapruder
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1045:
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1036:on May 4, 2016.
1030:
1014:"New Frontiers"
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568:"Zapruder film"
562:
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554:
550:primary sources
538:
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431:investigation.
294:Josiah Thompson
276:In early 1967,
271:J. Edgar Hoover
230:
228:
188:, CBS producer
186:Tell Me a Story
103:
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56:passed through
50:John F. Kennedy
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485:US federal law
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139:climbs aboard.
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33:is a silent
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2577:Researchers
2384:Orville Nix
2374:Ike Altgens
2310:James Tague
2062:(in French)
1955:January 18,
1877:January 17,
1796:January 17,
1786:www.pbs.org
1509:January 18,
1499:www.jfk.org
1010:Hewitt, Don
994:January 16,
886:Motherboard
749:underground
657:Max Holland
637:Orville Nix
363:New Orleans
357:Before the
118:safety film
2615:1963 films
2609:Categories
2325:Clint Hill
2120:August 15,
859:References
579:newspapers
546:references
390:Penn Jones
378:grand jury
367:subpoenaed
190:Don Hewitt
178:Dan Rather
161:Washington
137:Clint Hill
114:Kodachrome
99:See also:
46:home-movie
2471:Badge Man
2440:Jack Ruby
2430:Reactions
2413:Aftermath
2369:Witnesses
2150:April 10,
1976:USA Today
1842:cite book
1834:596184454
1660:189953124
1604:March 10,
1012:(2002) .
829:Footnotes
805:Assassins
793:Bob Dylan
498:, in the
448:royalties
421:Schweiker
331:In 1967,
241:The full
116: II
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2594:Category
2278:Timeline
2178:Archived
2144:Archived
2114:Archived
2094:March 3,
2068:Archived
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812:See also
609:May 2015
465:(1991).
326:fair use
95:Creation
2425:Autopsy
1696:YouTube
1679:YouTube
1646:: 239.
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938:May 17,
696:of the
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143:After
135:agent
62:Dallas
2049:(PDF)
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1656:S2CID
767:film
745:indie
600:JSTOR
586:books
341:35 mm
337:16 mm
314:Life.
259:slide
2199:IMDb
2152:2020
2122:2013
2096:2024
2024:2018
1992:2022
1957:2019
1921:ISBN
1879:2019
1852:link
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508:Life
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