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In 1978 Yvonne
Choquet-Bruhat was elected a correspondent to the Academy of Sciences and on 14 May 1979 became the first woman to be elected a full member. From 1980 to 1983 she was President of the
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showed the existence of global solutions of the YangâMills, Higgs, and spinor field equations in 3+1 Dimensions. Additionally in 1984 she made perhaps the first study by a mathematician of
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sufficiently close to zero (in a certain precise form), then its maximal globally hyperbolic vacuum development is geodesically complete and geometrically close to
909:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}R^{g}-|k|_{g}^{2}+(\operatorname {tr} ^{g}k)^{2}&=0\\\operatorname {div} ^{g}k-d(\operatorname {tr} ^{g}k)&=0.\end{aligned}}}
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In this sense, an initial data set can be viewed as the prescription of the submanifold geometry of an embedded spacelike hypersurface in a
Lorentzian manifold.
338:. Her doctoral work and early research is under the name Yvonne FourĂšs-Bruhat. In 1960, Bruhat and FourĂšs divorced, with her later marrying the mathematician
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Translated from the French by C. Peltzer. Translation editor, J.J. Brandstatter Holden-Day, Inc., San
Francisco, Calif.-London-Amsterdam 1967 x+315 pp.
315:, precipitating her early departure from the Institute. In the same year, she published the local existence and uniqueness of solutions to the vacuum
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Surveys in differential geometry 2015. One hundred years of general relativity, 1â16, Surv. Differ. Geom., 20, Int. Press, Boston, MA, 2015.
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Choquet-Bruhat's proof makes use of a clever choice of coordinates, the wave coordinates (which are the
Lorentzian equivalent to the
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as one of thirteen 'milestone' results in the study of general relativity, across the hundred years in which it had been studied.
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1905:"Existence of Global Solutions of the Yang-Mills, Higgs, and Spinor Field Equations in 3+1 Dimensions," (with D. Christodoulou)
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Yvonne Bruhat was born in Lille in 1923. Her mother was the philosophy professor Berthe Hubert and her father was the physicist
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Translated from the 2016 French original. World
Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Hackensack, NJ, 2018. x+351 pp.
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Any two maximal globally hyperbolic vacuum developments of the same vacuum initial data are isometric to one another.
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202:; born 29 December 1923) is a French mathematician and physicist. She has made seminal contributions to the study of
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Préface de A. Lichnerowicz. Monographies
Universitaires de Mathématiques, No. 28 Dunod, Paris 1968 xvii+328 pp.
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Choquet-Bruhat's best-known research deals with the mathematical nature of the initial data formulation of
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she continued to make significant contributions to mathematical physics, notably in general relativity,
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In 1947, she married fellow mathematician LĂ©once FourĂšs. Their daughter
Michelle is now (as of 2016) an
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Monographs and
Textbooks in Physical Science. Lecture Notes, 12. Bibliopolis, Naples, 1989. xii+94 pp.
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She was elevated to the 'Grand
Officier' and 'Grand Croix' dignities in the LĂ©gion d'Honneur in 2008.
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411:("International committee on general relativity and gravitation"). In 1985 she was elected to the
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Relativity, groups and topology, II (Les
Houches, 1983), 739â785, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1984.
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national competition, winning the silver medal for physics. From 1943 to 1946 she studied at the
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ThéorÚme d'existence pour certains systÚmes d'équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires.
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in 1969, Choquet-Bruhat fully clarified the nature of uniqueness. With a two-page argument in
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Bruhat undertook her secondary school education in Paris. In 1941 she entered the prestigious
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ThéorÚme d'existence pour certains systÚmes d'équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires
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General relativity and gravitation, Vol. 1, pp. 99â172, Plenum, New York-London, 1980.
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Gravitation: An introduction to current research, pp. 130â168, Wiley, New York, 1962.
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Causalite des Theories de Supergravite," Societe Mathematique de France, Asterisque 79-93
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and changing her last name to Choquet-Bruhat. She and Choquet had two children; her son,
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in Paris, and from 1946 was a teaching assistant there and undertook research advised by
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With a foreword by Thibault Damour. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015. xx+279 pp.
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It is now common to study such developments. For instance, the well-known theorem of
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Oxford Mathematical Monographs. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009. xxvi+785 pp.
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of the Einstein equations, and started the study of dynamics in general relativity.
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Second edition. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam-New York, 1982. xx+630 pp.
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In a slightly imprecise form, this says: given any embedded spacelike hypersurface
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1668:(French) ThĂ©orie et problĂšmes. Masson et Cie, Ăditeurs, Paris, 1973. x+232 pp.
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Notice biographique sur le site de l'Institut des hautes Ă©tudes scientifiques
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Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne; DeWitt-Morette, CĂ©cile; Dillard-Bleick, Margaret.
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also became a mathematician, making notable contributions to the study of
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MĂ©daille d'Argent du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1958
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with results that can be extended to the currently important model in
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2006:
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Presentation on the site for the Association for Women in Mathematics
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One of Choquet-Bruhat's seminal 1952 results states the following:
555:. A summary of results can be phrased purely in terms of standard
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Choquet-Bruhat at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1974.
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Beginnings of the Cauchy problem for Einstein's field equations.
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such that, for any other globally hyperbolic vacuum development
346:, is a neuroscientist and her daughter, GeneviĂšve, is a doctor.
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Introduction to general relativity, black holes, and cosmology.
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Results and open problems in mathematical general relativity.
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of the same vacuum initial data set, there is an open subset
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2007:"A two-part feature: The Mathematics of Gravitational waves"
1992:"Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat", Biographies of Women Mathematicians
218:. In 2015, her breakthrough paper was listed by the journal
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Academic staff of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Association for Women in Mathematics Noether Lecturer, 1986
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North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1989. xii+449 pp.
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Global aspects of the Cauchy problem in general relativity.
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Comite International de Relativite Generale et Gravitation
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Comité international de relativité générale et gravitation
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In 1952, Bruhat and her husband were both offered jobs at
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Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1985
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Prix Henri de Parville of the Académie des Sciences, 1963
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A lady mathematician in this strange universe: memoirs.
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Given any two globally hyperbolic vacuum developments
415:. In 1986 she was chosen to deliver the prestigious
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From 1949 to 1951 she was a research assistant at the
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319:, her most renowned achievement. Her work proves the
2001:Christina Sormani; C. Denson Hill; PaweĆ Nurowski;
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Member, Académie des Sciences, Paris (elected 1979)
1523:, for which well-posedness results can be applied.
1342:, meaning a globally hyperbolic vacuum development
1299:is fully determined by the submanifold geometry of
1059:. Choquet-Bruhat also proved a uniqueness theorem:
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281:, as a result of which she received her doctorate.
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1954:
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2005:; David Garfinkle; NicolĂĄs Yunes (August 2017).
1687:Géométrie différentielle et systÚmes extérieurs.
1650:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne; DeWitt-Morette, CĂ©cile.
1488:on stability of Minkowski space asserts that if
708:, relative to the given normal vector field, is
1987:Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics'
1726:Problems and solutions in mathematical physics.
1024:Briefly, this can be summarized as saying that
747:, if the following two equations are satisfied:
300:, suggested that she study the dynamics of the
1810:Focus issue: Milestones of general relativity.
1787:Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics
1673:General relativity and the Einstein equations.
1340:maximal globally hyperbolic vacuum development
279:French National Centre for Scientific Research
82:French National Centre for Scientific Research
16:French mathematician and physicist (born 1923)
1882:Contribution of 20th Century Women to Physics
247:, who died in 1945 in the concentration camp
227:She was the first woman to be elected to the
2012:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
1961:"Yvonne Suzanne Marie-Louise Choquet-Bruhat"
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1601:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne; York, James W., Jr.
681:and a smooth unit normal vector field along
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468:about living persons that is unsourced or
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2096:Academic staff of the University of Paris
2086:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
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1652:Analysis, manifolds and physics. Part II.
1521:hyperbolic partial differential equations
539:Learn how and when to remove this message
362:. In 1960 she became a professor at the
2126:20th-century French women mathematicians
1571:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne; Geroch, Robert.
325:
1966:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1783:Commandeur de la LĂ©gion d'honneur, 1997
2081:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
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1575:Comm. Math. Phys. 14 (1969), 329â335.
1057:globally hyperbolic vacuum development
358:. From 1958 to 1959 she taught at the
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1812:Classical and Quantum Gravity (2015).
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413:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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114:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2121:20th-century French women scientists
1279:of a Ricci-flat Lorentzian manifold
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421:Association for Women in Mathematics
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2111:20th-century French mathematicians
1827:of 11 July 2008, published in the
1694:Graded bundles and supermanifolds.
1619:Milan J. Math. 75 (2007), 273â289.
1500:is a vacuum initial data set with
603:is a smooth (0,2)-tensor field on
14:
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1980:
1055:. Such a development is called a
665:together with a smooth embedding
595:is a smooth Riemannian metric on
145:Pierre and Marie Curie University
1638:Analysis, manifolds and physics.
1040:is a vacuum spacetime for which
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427:Technical research contributions
378:Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
365:Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie
2101:Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure alumni
1541:Acta Math. 88 (1952), 141â225.
231:and is a Grand Officier of the
210:can be put into the form of an
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1859:Mathematics Genealogy Project
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354:In 1958, she was awarded the
221:Classical and Quantum Gravity
91:Well-posedness of the vacuum
35:Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat in 2006
1322:Any vacuum initial data set
1195:, together with an isometry
446:biography of a living person
304:. He also introduced her to
290:Institute for Advanced Study
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1306:In an article written with
738:vacuum constraint equations
473:must be removed immediately
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1875:February 19, 2012, at the
1870:Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat page
1397:, there is an open subset
610:Given an initial data set
229:French Academy of Sciences
109:French Academy of Sciences
1889:October 29, 2014, at the
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1610:Positive-energy theorems.
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1971:University of St Andrews
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1706:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne.
1692:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne.
1671:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne.
1622:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne.
1615:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne.
1608:Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne.
302:Einstein field equations
268:Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure
208:Einstein field equations
78:Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure
2076:French women physicists
2066:Mathematical physicists
1482:Demetrios Christodoulou
702:second fundamental form
587:is a three-dimensional
488:"Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat"
387:Demetrios Christodoulou
286:postdoctoral researcher
191:[ivÉnÊÉkÉbÊy.a]
1771:(President 1980-1983)
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1577:doi:10.1007/BF01645389
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646:is a four-dimensional
557:differential geometric
460:Please help by adding
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284:In 1951, she became a
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102:Grand Officier of the
2106:Scientists from Lille
1855:Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat
1765:Member (since 1965),
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294:Princeton, New Jersey
212:initial value problem
183:Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat
23:Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat
1957:Robertson, Edmund F.
1517:harmonic coordinates
757:
720:An initial data set
466:Contentious material
2136:French centenarians
1996:Agnes Scott College
1955:O'Connor, John J.;
1924:10.24033/asens.1417
1724:Choquet-Bruhat, Y.
1685:Choquet-Bruhat, Y.
1664:Choquet-Bruhat, Y.
1603:The Cauchy problem.
1596:The Cauchy problem.
1554:1952AcM....88..141F
1161:and an open subset
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648:Lorentzian manifold
360:University of Reims
239:Biographical sketch
2131:Women centenarians
1547:10.1007/bf02392131
1537:FourĂšs-Bruhat, Y.
1527:Major Publications
1312:point-set topology
1287:, the geometry of
958:has a development
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700:and such that the
553:general relativity
444:This section of a
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317:Einstein equations
296:. Her supervisor,
272:André Lichnerowicz
204:general relativity
172:André Lichnérowicz
93:Einstein Equations
1748:978-981-3231-62-7
1720:978-0-19-966646-1
1716:978-0-19-966645-4
1681:978-0-19-923072-3
1486:Sergiu Klainerman
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356:CNRS Silver Medal
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2148:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
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2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:PDE theorists
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Living people
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:88-7088-223-3
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:0-444-87071-7
1657:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:0-444-86017-7
1643:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1390:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:Robert Geroch
1304:
1292:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1120:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1088:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1020:exactly once.
1017:
1013:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
977:
971:
966:
962:
955:
951:
947:
939:
929:
924:
919:
899:
896:
894:
886:
883:
878:
874:
867:
864:
861:
858:
853:
849:
841:
838:
836:
829:
821:
818:
813:
809:
802:
797:
792:
782:
774:
769:
765:
753:
752:
751:
750:
746:
744:
739:
733:
729:
725:
719:
718:
717:
703:
698:
693:
689:
678:
673:
669:
661:
655:
649:
643:
639:
635:
629:
623:
619:
615:
609:
590:
580:
576:
572:
567:is a triplet
566:
562:
561:
560:
558:
554:
543:
540:
532:
521:
518:
514:
511:
507:
504:
500:
497:
493:
490: â
489:
485:
484:Find sources:
478:
474:
471:
467:
463:
457:
456:
452:
447:
442:
433:
432:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
408:
401:
399:
397:
392:
388:
384:
379:
373:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
347:
345:
341:
337:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
236:
234:
230:
225:
223:
222:
217:
213:
209:
205:
198:
192:
184:
175:
171:
169:
165:
158:
155:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
110:
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2016:
2010:
1964:
1950:
1939:
1930:
1901:
1881:
1865:
1850:
1836:
1817:
1805:
1739:
1733:Popular book
1732:
1731:
1725:
1707:
1693:
1686:
1672:
1665:
1651:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1572:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1514:
1495:
1491:
1479:
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1441:
1435:
1427:
1422:
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1374:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1348:
1344:
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1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:Zorn's lemma
1305:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1236:
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1209:
1201:
1197:
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1183:
1173:
1163:
1156:
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1129:
1118:
1109:
1104:
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1065:
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1034:
1028:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1003:
997:
984:
975:
969:
964:
960:
953:
949:
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941:
937:
926:denotes the
922:
741:
737:
731:
727:
723:
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696:
691:
687:
676:
671:
667:
659:
653:
641:
637:
633:
627:
621:
617:
613:
578:
574:
570:
564:
550:
535:
526:
516:
509:
502:
495:
483:
472:
455:verification
448:
404:
402:
395:
391:supergravity
383:supergravity
374:
363:
353:
333:
310:
283:
276:
261:
242:
226:
219:
182:
181:
156:
141:Institutions
120:
2056:1923 births
2023:: 684â707.
2003:Lydia Bieri
1841:(in French)
1822:(in French)
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1181:containing
1147:containing
1009:intersects
628:development
131:Mathematics
66:Nationality
2050:Categories
1917:0499.35076
1797:References
1561:0049.19201
1439:such that
1234:such that
981:such that
685:such that
499:newspapers
368:(UPMC) in
298:Jean Leray
216:well-posed
47:1923-12-29
2039:1088-9477
1200: : (
989:has zero
884:
865:−
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775:−
583:in which
559:objects.
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313:Marseille
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1887:Archived
1873:Archived
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477:libelous
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