153:. Eventually as the business outgrew Muntz’s own rolling mill in Birmingham, he joined in partnership with Pascoe Grenfell and sons who produced it at their Swansea mill as ‘Muntz’s Patent Metal Company’. They and other partners then fixed the prices of the alloy at £18 per ton lower than the market price for the equivalent copper product, serving to establish Muntz Metal as the sheathing of choice where transport costs still kept it as an efficient competitor. As an example of their success in entering the market, 50 ships were metalled with Muntz metal in 1837, over 100 in 1838, doubling in 1840 and doubling again by 1844.
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abilities of the pure copper at around two thirds of the price. It became the material of choice for this application and Muntz made his fortune. It was found that copper would gradually leach from the alloy in sea water, poisoning any organism that attempted to attach itself to a hull sheathed in
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With Muntz successfully supervising the manufacturing operations, by 1840 Muntz’s Patent Metal
Company employed 30 men to smelt and roll the alloy and was producing 2,000 tons yearly. Three years later the Company had over 200 men producing 3-4000 tons yearly at £8 per ton profit. By then the
126:, and in locomotive tubes. After successful experimentation with the sheathing Muntz also took out a patent for bolts of the same composition. These too proved a success as they not only were cheaper but also very strong and lasted longer. A notable use of Muntz metal was in the hull of the
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Muntz died in 1857, to be succeeded by his eldest son, also called George
Fredrick, who sold the business in 1864 to a joint stock company, Muntz's Metal Co. Ltd. In 1921 the company was bought by Elliott's Metal Company, which became part of ICI's Imperial Metals division (now
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Muntz's new metal contained more copper, less zinc, and a bit of iron not present in a similar 56:44 alloy patented by
William Collins in 1800. Production began on Water Street, Birmingham, but moved to Swansea in 1837. In 1842 he bought the French Walls Works in
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Grenfells had left the partnership, for the agreement with Pascoe
Grenfell & Sons had been terminated with some acrimony in 1842. When Muntz’s patent expired in 1846, they and others began making fastenings and sheathing to the Muntz patent at will.
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The alloy must be worked hot and is used today for corrosion-resistant machine parts. Alpha-beta (also called duplex) metals contain both the α and β phases. The α phase refers to a
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Muntz's US patent, issued on 22 October 1832, was among the thousands destroyed in the 15 December 1836 Patent Office fire but was reported in Volume 12 (New Series) of the
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the metal. Thus, it was also used to sheathe the piles of piers in tropical seas, as a protection against teredo
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Muntz's
British patent of 22 October 1832 is reproduced verbatim in
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National
Pollutant Inventory - Copper and compounds fact sheet
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http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x002092353?urlappend=%3Bseq=203
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Reports and Notes of Cases on
Letters Patent for Inventions
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231:. Vol. II. London: Stevens & Sons. pp. 85–6
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Birmingham, Wolverhampton & Stour Valley
Railway
113:Its original application was as a replacement for
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203:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 115.
284:Ship's Fastenings: from sewn boat to steamship
201:Ships' fastenings: from sewn boat to steamship
117:on the bottom of boats, as it maintained the
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312:Improved manufacture of bolts and fasteners
225:Webster, Thomas (1844). "Muntz' Patent".
336:Preservation of the bottom of iron ships
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286:. Texas A&M Press. College Station.
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83:and a trace of iron. It is named after
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342:Prices for anti-fouling compounds
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252:Journal of the Franklin Institute
318:Manufacture of sheathing metal
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75:composed of approximately 60%
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271:. Birmingham Mail. p. 5.
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267:James Watson (21 May 2007).
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199:McCarthy, Michael (2005).
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45:The restored stern of the
306:Improved metal sheathing
269:"Blaze Guts Cutty Sark"
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282:McCarthy, M. (2005).
85:George Fredrick Muntz
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87:, a metal-roller of
108:body-centered cubic
104:face-centered cubic
175:Anti-fouling paint
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254:at p. 195 (1833)
100:crystal structure
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18:Yellow metal
165:) in 1928.
62:Muntz metal
51:stern draft
34:Bow of the
186:References
180:Biofouling
129:Cutty Sark
89:Birmingham
47:Cutty Sark
36:Cutty Sark
330:Sheathing
324:On copper
143:Smethwick
124:shipworms
352:Category
235:19 April
169:See also
102:that is
68:) is an
163:IMI plc
93:England
344:, 1874
338:, 1874
332:, 1867
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79:, 40%
77:copper
55:rudder
49:(with
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237:2021
205:ISBN
81:zinc
53:and
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